Kuliah #1 Properti Baja

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Team Dosen Struktur Baja 1 Departemen Teknik Sipil UI – 2018/2019

Klasifikasi mutu baja bangunan menurut sifat: • Kekuatan (strength) • Kelenturan (ductility) • Keuletan (toughness) • Kemudahan dilas (weldability) Faktor-faktor mempengaruhi sifat-sifat baja: • Komposisi dan kebersihan baja • Hot rolling process (proses canai panas) • Pengerjaan lanjutan Cold work Hot work

Unsur-unsur Besi/Baja: • Besi (Fe) • Carbon (C) • Unsur-unsur lain : chopper, mangan, nikel, chromium & silicon Unsur C (carbon) meningkatkan kekuatan baja, namun mengurangi daktilitas Sifat-sifat besi: • Kekerasan lebih tinggi dari baja • Getas (brittle) • Tidak dapat ditempa Sifat-sifat baja: Sifat sebaliknya dari besi

• Baja karbon (Plain Carbon steel) C=2.0% max.; Mangan=1.65% max.; Silicon =0.60% max; Cooper=0.40-0.60%. Yield strength=220-250 MPa • Baja alloy rendah (Low-Alloy Steels) Yield strength =275-480 MPa. Alloy elements: chromium, columbium, cooper, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, vanadium, atau zirconium. Agar ductility dan weldability baik ditambahkan: Vanadium dan Niobium 0.02% s/d 0.08% • Baja alloy Tinggi (High Alloy Steel) Komposisi iron & carbon lebih tinggi dibandingkan Low Alloy Steel C=0.20% max Yield strength=550-760 MPa (0.2% offset) Kuat terhadap korosi

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi mekanikal property baja: • Komposisi kimia • Rolling process • Heat treatment • Cara pengetesan: -Kecepatan pembebanan -Kondisi dan geometri spesimen -Cold work -Temperatur pada saat pengetesan

The stress and strain of test specimen: P f  A

and



L L

where: f = axial tensile stress A = cross-sectional area ε = axial strain L = length of specimen ΔL = change in length

e

L f  L0 L0

dimana e = elongation (biasanya dinyatakan dalam percent) Lf = panjang specimen pada saat fracture L0 = panjang semula Baja yang mempunyai behavior sebagaimana ditunjukkan pada Gambar diatas disebut ductile

Fu

Stress

Fy Fu = Ultimate tensile strength Fy = Yield strength E

Strain

0.5% Extension under load: Yield strength

Fu

0.2% Offset yield strength

Fy

Fu = Tensile strength Fy = Yield strength

Stress, f

Proportional limit

E 1 0.005 Residual strain

Strain

• Material Toughness • Yield strength untuk multiaxial stress • Tingkah laku pada temperatur tinggi • Cold work dan strain hardening • Brittle Fracture • Lamellar Tearing • Fatigue Strength • Weathering steel

Mechanical Properties of Steel in Indonesia

Steel Type

Ultimate Stress Fu Yield Stress Fy (Mpa) (Mpa)

Minimum Elongation (%)

BJ 34

340

210

22

BJ 37

370

240

20

BJ 41

410

250

18

BJ 50

500

290

16

BJ 55

550

410

13

Mechanical Properties of Steel in America Steel Type

Fu (Ksi)

Fy (Ksi)

A36

58

36

A242

63 - 70

42 - 50

A572

65

50

A992

65

50

Modulus Elastisitas: E = 200.000 MPa Modulus Geser

: G = 80.000 MPa

Nisbah poisson

: μ = 0,30

Koefisien Pemuaian: α = 12 x 10-6 /ºC

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