King The Gnostics 8

WOODCUTS IN THE TEXT. Fronii.piece. o c i a u m a of gicen jade, converted into a Gnostic talisman described at p. 197. Presented to the Repository, Woolwich, by General ±JG

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Title-page. T nc Ophite version of the "Good Shepherd," described at p. 2._>0. Sard. (New York.) iv 0 athooa i nion Serpent, inscribed 101 With Me [thou shalt be safe]. .Remarkable mineralogically, as being cut in a piece of true jade (Nephrite) (, Lewis Lollcction). P. xn. °- 1. '^llG Gnostic Gorgon, a late Byzantine amulet. The legend, full of blunders and contractions, is A r i O C A r i O C K T P I O C C A B A C J L ) 0 6 N T O I C T Y I C T O I C e T A O r H M e N O C , "Holy, holy, Lord of hosts, in the i0ncst, jsicssca. Drawn to the actual size, from a cast, sent t o m e m a n y years ago by the late Mr. Albert W a y . But by a singular chance, lie gem itself (a green jasper) two years back, came into the hands of Mr. \\ . Talbot Heady, who supplied m e with a drawing of it, from which it appears mat its other face represents Saint Anne, with the Infant Madonna m her arms, and her name and title in the field, the legend around being TCT6PA MGAAINH M G A A I N O M e N H OJC 0 A A A T T A N T A A H N H CAINfcl. U, womb, black, blackening, as the calm soothes the sea [be itiou quiet]. Tnc gem is therctore a taliiman for the protection of women

o pregnancy ; a fact accounting for its frequent occurrence ; Chiflct figures another (the Gorgon side only) in his " A p i s t o p i s t u s , ' No. 70. P. 20. . "• e Abraxas-god, as he is usually represented, with shield and whip to scaio away all evil spirits. The reverse exhibits the Agathodsemon Serpent, surrounded by triplets of the sacred animals of Egypt, all paying him adoration. The legend in thefieldEVIA, is Syriac for " Serpent," the rest remains unexplained. Drawn to the actual size, from a red jasper, discovered at Bombay, to which place it had probably been carried by the Persian refugees of the seventh century. (Lewis Collection.) P. 41. No. 3. A circular green jasper (of the size of the drawing) preserved from time immemrrial in Maestricht Cathedral, where it passes for the Seal of Saint Servatius," although in reality m a n y centuries posterior to ins elate, being a late mediaeval work. The obverse represents the bust of some samt; the reverse, the Gnostic Gorgon ; around both rims a most barbarous attempt at a common Byzantine spell; that is, of a few of the first words only. The spell, in full, m a y be translated thus, " Death, (Mmpa) black, blackening, as a serpent dost thou writhe, as a lion dost thou roar ; but as a lamb shalt thou lie down ! *' P. 57.

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JNO. 4. l i i e Abraxas-god mounted in the chariot of the Sun. This design is unique in its kind, and of great value, as proving the original identity of the Basilidan deity with the Solar Power. H e has, however, been adopted into the n e w religion by the legend of the reverse, the Great I v a m e s , " lao and Abraxas placed within a coiled serpent, emblem •> *

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N o . 5. Horus, the Vernal Sun, seated on the lotus, type of the world, and reviewing the adoration of the Baboon, attribute of the moon. Jasper. ^JNew York.) P. l o o . -No. 6. I n e b u n m his car, in his hand the orb; he is saluted m the legend as ' Thou art our Father! " and the word in the exergue Trallianus tells us is one of his titles, and enters into a spell against gout. T h e reverse exhibits Luna guiding her milk-white heifer, the Grecian substitute anteloj:.of the Hindoo Chandra H a e m a t i t e . ( N e w York.) for the silver antelope x, 1ot. N o . 7. Isis, one lotus on her brow, holding a sceptre. Sardonyx. v

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-No. 8. Caduceus, within a myrtle wreath. O n the reverse is beautifully engraved. A P I K C 0 O 1 , which is the exact transliteration of the Hebrew charm against the special demon of the latrina, and which is found in the Tannud, being consequently more ancient that the fourth century. T h e meaning is Upon the head of a lion. Sard. ( N e w York.) P. 178. N o . 9. T h e Abraxas god, engraved in so superior a style that the work must date from the earliest period of the sect. Green jasper. ( N e w York.) ir.

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xso. 10. The Abraxas god, with the title " loa, Son of the Universe! " inis is a truer version of the Hebrew than the Eternal S o n , pproposed PUbcU by Matter. Haematite. ( N e w York.) P. 244. N o . 11. Talisman against the Evil Eye. T h e much-dreaded organ is shown encompassed by the symbols of the deities presiding over the days of the week, as the Lion, for the Sun, the Stag for the Moon, the Wolf for iviars, t e c , all combining to bame the force of the stroke. This attribution of days came from the Chaldean astrologers : it is represented in a painting at xierculaneum, but the earnest use of it to mark a date is found in JJio Cassius, w h o observes that Jerusalem was taken " on Saturn's D a y . " Sard. ( N e w York.) P. 256. N o . 12. Drawing rudely scratched on the plaster of the wall of a guardroom, or the Palatme, representing a m a n of the lower class touncatus popeuus, or a slave, making a gesture of adoration to a biforru diety elevated upon steps,, with the explanatory inscription "Alexamenos, w o hips \P* i worshipping) u-oci. It is disputed whether this be a bona fide adoration of the jackal-headed Anubis; or the caricature by some heathen scoffer of the convert, Alexamenos aod his newly-found god, depicted here m the shape described by Tertulhan. tSee remarks at page —oiJ. P. _ i 9. 2

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434

IN

No. 13. Bust of Apollo, in the Greek style, interpolated by a later hand with a tahsmanic legend, that would have defied all interpretation but for the existence of another of the same nature, yet rather more explicit. This is a portrait^ Pescennius Niger (Paris), inscribed with an invocation Holy iving, ii.pono, to preserve the health of that Emperor, p e trie present one, chieny by trie initial letters. Ouri, therefore, must be read BaatXevs ATTOWGIV lepo? Seov(noov*) [{T{OCF~\ and, in the same way, calls upon the God of Health to show this favour to Pescennius rival, Severus. Sard. ( N e w York.) P. 302. No. 14. Tahsmamc Ring of Bishop Seffrid, found in his tomb; now preserved in the Cathedral Library, Chichester. P. 328. • o. . lie Agathoitomon, declaring by the legend " I a m C b n u m i s , Sun of the Universe, (00. The Greek numeral must be the Number of a JName, just as BOO is that of Jesus, but what that name was, I leave to deeper X a b b a l i s t s than myself to discover. Calcedony. (British Museum.)

J.. 340. JNo. l b . Serapis and Agathodremon combined in one body; enthroned and holding the Orb, as being Lord of the Universe. H e receives the adoration of the Cynocephalus, attribute of the m o o n ; whence, perhaps, it m a y be inferred that Serapis is to be understood now in the more restricted seuse of the Solar Power. Green jasper. ( N e w York.) P. 358. No. 17. S P H I N X , emblem of mystery, sporting with a narthex, the wand carried by the candidates for initiation into the Dionysia. Campanian sty ic, engraved upon the base of a Sard. oC;irabeus. (New York.) P. 372. JNO. 18. The golden Delphic E, surmounted by a fillet of roses. For ^he explanation of tiie symbol, see p. 297. Cameo iu a^ate-onyx. ( N e w York.) P. 431. No. 19. Vase, the lower part modelled as a triple face of the boy Atys; at the base lie the pastoral staff start and pipes. Atys, in the Phrygian m y s t e r i e s , is invoked as the (Shepherd of the white stars, and guiding them by the sound of his piping, which Tatian ( H y m n to the Mother of ic (jods^) explains by identifying h m i with the power that governs the motions of the heavens, Ped jasper. (New York.) P. 466.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. T I I F , drawings were, for the most part, made from gems in the Praun Cabinet, n o w transferred to the iintish M u s e u m , some few from m y o w n collection, n o w in the M u s e u m of Art, iscw York. The materials are either dark green and yellow jaspers, or calcedomes varying in colour from olive green to light yellow. All designs are drawn to double the actual

PLATE A.

VARIOUS TYPES OF THE GOD ABRAXAS. 1. Abraxas brandishing a whip, to scare away malignant influences, his shield emblazoned with some word of power. Keverse, the usual Greek transliteration 01 the tiebrew name 01 God. -j. Abraxas, armed with, a sword ; the exceptionally neat execution of the mtagho bespeaks the first days of the religion. 3. Abraxas, wielding a mace, a Persian weapon that betrays the Asiatic origin of tills particular design; the t/iuncCevoolt in the field identifies this Power with the classic Jupiter. ^ The reverse exhibits the Triple Hecate, Queen of Hell, brandishing various weapons for the same prophylactic purpose as the god himself. A unique combination of ideas, engraved upon a circular copper plaque, found in the south 01 France. 4. The Agathodajmon Serpent, with radiated head, identified by the legend with the god Abraxas. One of the few types that can with confidence be attributed to the sect of Ophites. 5. Abraxas, of very debased and late execution. The title babaoth, on the reverse, properly signifying "of h o s t s , " was mistaken by the ignorant Hellenists for the actual name of a Power, by translating " Lord of Hosts as ' the Lord S a b a o t h . ' Under this title he figures largely in the sigillum of the " Pistss-Sophia."

P L A T E B.

1. Abraxas, represented here with the head of an ass, and thereby identified with Typhon, a singular perversion of ancient ideas. This g e m is valuable as distinctly declaring its purpose by the legend on the 2 F 2

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DESCRIPTION OF T H E PLATES.

reverse, $YA(uXa
«/* 3. The Giant Typhoeus defying Jove : his serpent-legs denote that he is the son of .Mother -hearth.. Inis beautiful intaglio, which is of Italo-Greek workmanship, and found at Cuma3, is introduced here merely to show the source whence the sectaries of the Decline borrowed the idea of similar combinations of discordant natures. (Burnt sard: N e w York.) 4. Abraxas, with whip and shield, combining his influence with Horus, seated on the lotus, the regular personification of the Vernal Sun. The meaning of the type is set forth in the legend, which is the (jreek transliteration of the xiebrew ofiewiesfi J.ICITYI, oun of the u n i v e r s e . The union of the two types indicates that Abraxas is here to be understood in his original sense, the simple personification of the Solar Power.

PLATE C. 1. Terminal fisure, periiaps allusive by its form to Justinus /±i.on, " T h e Cross." The interminable legend surrounding it yields no intelligible words, but the title below the Herrne, NIXAPOI~IAHC occurs also on a talisman in the French Cabinet. The reverse gives the Seven Vowels (or Voices ' ) that shroud the Ineilable JSame, which has never been uttered aloud since the day of the destruction of the Temple, but is commuiicated only m half-whispers to every Rabbi upon his ordination. It is a remarkable fact that a Talmuiist, w h o remembered the Second Temple, observes that this Holy .Name was * warbled rather than pronounced ' in the course of the service; hence we m a y suspect the possibility of imitating its sound by the permutation of vowels that form so important an element in the construction of our talismans. 2. Father Nile, reclining and holding forth a cornucopia, emblematic of amity. A s the number of ins (jreek n a m e , obo, is equivalent to that of Abraxas, it is probable that, according to Kabbahstic rules, he here represents that god. This explanation is supported by the type of the reverse, Horus, seated on the lotus, addressed by the (jreek transliteration of the Hebrew Ablanathctntxlba, " Thou art our Father! 3. Horus seated in the baris, or sacred boat; the prow and poop whereof terminate m the hawk s head of Phre, and the ox-head of Apis. H e is here addressed by the Ineliable -Name. 4. The same deity, addressed as before by the salutation jioldTidthciTialba, followed by an unintelligible word. The unskilful gem-engraver, unable to form curves m the lettering, has given to his B the form of rL, and increased the dimculty of deciphering this legend. 5. The same, but now seated upon the scaraba?, type of the Creator, also

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.


enclosed within the coiled serpent, emblem of Etemity. With these purely Pharaonic signs the reverse combines the n a m e of the Jewish angel Michael, and the Seven Vowels of the Inenable isame; thus presenting an instructive example of that reconciliation of, apparently, the most antagonistic creeds which is the very foundation 01 Gnosticism.

PLATE D.

SIGILS OF THE CNUPHIS SERPENT. This class of figures has no connection with Gnosticism considered as a development of Christianity; being nothing more than talismans for the jirotection of the chest, as I have already shown from Galen. It is true indeed that the i \ a b b a h s t s of Alexandria sought to heighten the Tfiedicmcit efficiency of the ancient Pharaonic sigil by adding to it formula? of their o w n fashion, embodying the all-powerful N a m e , but this did not endow the g e m with any spiritual sense. T h e appellation " Kabbalist" I shall always employ in this treatise m its strictest acceptation, and the present is as good a place as any for stating m y reasons for doing so. It is the rule nowadays to treat the Kabbala as the pure production of the Middle Ages, and such it probably is, m the form under which it is n o w presented to us. I will not, indeed, go as far as the most learned Rabbi of our times, and boldly assert that Moses himself was a profound Kabbalist, although "the W i s d o m of the E g y p t i a n s , " in which Holy Writ declares he was a proficient, was beyond a doubt something of very m u c h the same nature. Whttever unprejudiced person will carefully read what I have adduced of the doctrines of Sastri and of JVlarcus (themselves converted Jews) will find there the regular system of the Kabbala fully developed, and its earliest and Egyptian rudiments in the Pistis Sophia of Valentmus. No person really acquainted with the history of religions can suppose that these theosophists invented these rules of interpretation: they merely transferred principles sanctioned by antiquity from the explanation of the Old Testament to that of the INew. T o return to our Chnuplas, Chubis, or Crtupiis (for thus the Greeks transliterated the Coptic Knepli) it is probable that the veneration in which this sigil of the Pharaoh Nechepsi was held, was the true source of the legend concerning Moses's elevation of the Brazen Serpent. A t all events, I k n o w of an enamel picture of the scene (date, thirteenth century) in which the Serpent, lifted up on the Cross, is figured with the radiated lion's head, really as he is seen on these talismans. This particular sigil is generally engraved on calcedony, varying in colour from olive-green to waxy-wiite. T h e best executed have for material the plasena traversed by an opaque white line (Pliny s laspis Granunatias), the estimation of which as an amulet by the Orientals he particularly mentions. 1. T h e reverse of this g e m reads Chumis, accompanied by a row of vowels that appear to contain the word I E H , which is, according to Kabbala, an inferior title of God.

4do

DESCRIPTION O F T H E PLATES.

2i, The Serpent elevated above the thymele, Bacchic altar—a combination betraying the influence of the Dionysiac Mysteries. H e declares in phonetic Hebrew, " I, I a m the Good Spirit.y T h e reverse of this g e m had been covered with a long invocation m minute characters; n o w almost entirely lost by the fracture 01 the material in the fire to which it had accompanied its owner. ^JNew York.) 3. This Chnuphis, of exceptionallyfinework and yetfinermaterial, has each of the seven rays of the crown tipped by one of the seven vowels that m a k e up the Ineffable N a m e . u.he reverse exhibits the serpententwined wand, (badge of the Egyptian priesthood) which generally goes with this sigu, and doubtless added to its power. JMoses s rod and Aesculapius's club hence took their origin. 4. Another Chnuphis, in the ordinary style. It is noticeable h o w the gem-cutter has endeavoured to give variety to the endless repetition of the same sign, by altering the arrangement of the serpentine folds.

PLATE E.

M O N U M E N T S OF THE SEKAPIS WORSHIP. 1. Serapis, viewed as the Sun-god, enthroned ; at his feet, the tripleheaded monster described by Macrobius. jJeiore him stands Isis, or Mother Earth, holding a bunch of wheat-ears and poppy-heads, to mark her character. ILIQ legend is the invocation Immaculate is Our .Lady, Isis!" A fine specimen of Alexandrian art, in a beautiful sard. ( N e w York.) 2. Venus, arranging her hair at a mirror, held up to her by a Cupid; two Loves, hovering in the air, hold a myrtle-crown over her head. T h e inscription " The Manifestation of A r o r i p h , " occurs in a similar connection upon a g e m m the Pans Cabinet. It is hard to determine whether she be the " n u d a v e n t a s , whose l v a b b a h s t i c revelation to Marcus is given in m y text; or merely a talisman for engendering love towards the wearer; the material, uia^ueiic- i i t u n d x i i t , suppoiis i n e latter acceptation. TnQ reverse exhibits Horus, seated on the lotus, planted upon the baris, which is constructed out of long papyrus-stalks lashed together. H e here takes the title of Abraxas, and is surrounded by adoring triplets of all the animals held sacred by the Egyptians. The symbol of the Sun is seen at his right. 3. Bust of Serapis, very curious for the prayer surrounding it, " Protect Jupiter! a proof thai• Serapis is here regarcied as the Supreme Jjemg, and the ancient Jupiter reduced to the rank of an astral Power; as, indeed he was occasionally so understood m better times. Thus Persius :—** featurn u m q u e gravem nostro love fregimus u n a . (v. oO.) 4. Isis, veiled, with the tubulus on her head, and leaning on a tall sceptre, in the pose of the rtoman Juno; for w h o m she might be mistaken but for the invocation on the other side, I3anle, Serapis, the Evil E y e ! which declares the object of this talisman.

DESCRIPTION OP T H E PLATES.

4dy

5. Serapis, enthroned, seen in front face. Inscribed " H e r m e s , ' followed by three letters, the initials of some then well-known address to that ,-,0 . \J merciy a private signamre ^iviaruai. mennons a physician 01 the name) the initials refer to his business. The God of the Shades was a very fit patron for a proiCdsional w h o had doubtless done his best to swell the ranks of his subjects, Bed jasper. (New York.)

PLATE F.

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TYPES ADAPTED TO GNOSTIC IDEAS. It is m tins class that the influence of Juoiaism is more stron0iy marked than in any other fannly of these monuments. These gems were designed as amulets against the power of demons, either considered specially, or as manifested m the diseases 01 which they were the imal cause to mankind. But before proceeding further, it will tend much to the elucidation of this curious subject briefly to sketch the orthodox Jewish doctrine upon this point. 1 here is no such thing in existence as a spirit naturally evil, inasmuch as (iod, being all goodness, was absolutely incapable of creating evil. Satan is himself an angel, like the others, and has his own place in the Court of Heaven; but he is deputed to test, by temptation, the strength of Man's virtue, since without a struggle there can be no crown. The Babylonian Eabbi, Philemon, having demonstrated this grand truth to the satisfaction of his numerous school, was surprised the next day by a visit from this Ange mal entendu, m a bodily shape, who tendered him public thanksf for the pains he had taken to set his character in a true light. But, unfortunately, the Demiurgus had commenced his work by creating so vast a number of spirits, that the Sabbath-even came upon him before he had made bodies enough for half of them. These poor houseless beings are not naturally malignant, but are jealous of their more fortunate brethren, for the same reason that the m a n w h o has no coat to his back. hates the m a n that h a s . J. hey therefore roam up and down the world, ever striving to force their way into bodies already occupied, where their struggles with the rightful owner give birth to all the maladies that riesh is heir to. It is remarkable that the latter belief is universal among primitive races, however widely separated— thefoamoiedes,the Hindoos, the Red Indians. Something similar, too, m a y be found in Plutarch s curious disquisitions on the nature 01 demons, contained in his two Treatises upon Oracles. It is the fashion 01 our days to believe that the Jews borrowed all their metaphysical theories from the Platonists of Alexandria ; but whoever has gone deeply into the subject sees good reason to suspect that both Jews and Greeks had gone, independently of each other, to a m u c h more ancient source for such traditions. Or Jrolemo, as the Xlebrew ,inay equally well be read.

t Ivisscd his knees predion in the Talmud.

19 the ex-

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DESCRIPTION O F T H E PLATES.

1. The Agathodaemon Serpent, mounted upon a pair of h u m a n legs. A unique variety of the class the same idea being more usually embodied in a h u m a n figure with head and neck of a serpent; or in a serpent with the head of Serapis. The long invocation on the field evidently begins with the name 01

Abraxas.

2. The jackal-headed Anuiis, an Egyptian sceptre in each hand, advancing between the Sun and the Moon, the regular emblems of Eternity. A remarkable specimen of religious syncretism, for the power of the Pharaonic god is doubled by adding, on the reverse, the name of Michael, guardian-angel of the Jewish race, betweenfourstars, which certainly stand for the letters of the Great Tetragrammaton. 3. M u m m y , enveloped m the folds of the guardian Agathodamion. T h e detached letters around (often so found in these gems) seem to cloak the word " Initia." If so, this m a y have been a token (symbolum) given to ttie neophyte upon his initiation into certain mytteries : a custom to which St. John alludes, mentioning the " white stone " with the N e w N a m e graven thereon, to be given to him that overcometh. 4. A Power equipped with double arms and wings, bearing sceptres to mark his dignity, and carrying on his head the sacramental Table. T h e tree-trunk below, with its Five lopped-off branches, had doubtless a deep mystic meaning, probably the degree of the person who carried the talisman. Ui the most barbarous execution, but valuable for the name " Baincho' on the reverse : the astral Power, according to the *' Pistis-Sophia," resident p

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5. Anuiis, m one hand the sceptre, m the other the lustral vase, standing above the open left hand, which Apuleius informs us was the type of Justice. A t his side is the goddess of Truth, her head formed out of a bunch of ostrich-feathers : under her feet the udder-shaped vessel carried in the Isiac procession. One deity is invoked by " Thou art our Father ! the other as Sun of the Universe ! " The letters in the middle eeem to make up the owner's |name, " Pia . . ." G. Anuiis, advancing with the sceptre and situla: the legend on the reverse is unexplained. 7. A talisman, certainly meant to be of mighty efficacy, for it combines 7. A tansman, certainly meant to be of mighty efficacy, for the influences of Anuiis, Cnuphis, and Horus with that of the God of m e Jews, rudely cut upon the four sides of a cube of steaschist.

PLATE G. EGYPTIAN TYPES (continued). i. In tins composition an element from a little-used, source is introduced. I n e Uiecian Apollo, distinguished by his proper attribute, the bay-branch, is seen caressing the Ibis, sacred to Thoth, scribe of the gods. The latter UUILJ b e m 0 Kientiueci with xiermes, his birtt carries the ciiduceus ; it also bears upon its head the corn-measure, typical of abundance. 2. The Ass-headed Typhon, or the Principle of Evil, with quadruple

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

441

wings and one foot hoofed, carries by the tail two monstrous scorpions: over his head a scarabams tiying. U t no esoteric meaning, out smiply an amulet against the bite of the reptile, made after the rule in such cases prescribed. The most convincing proof of the practice is the early Greek gem published by Gen. Cesnola ( Cyprus. pi. xl. (), representing two asps, with the explanation E X K ; and to this day the Arabs always draw upon their amulets the figure of the thing against which it ought to guard the wearer. 3. A Dual Power, who combines the jackal's head of Anubis with the ass's head of Typhon, whence one of his feet is hoofed, brandishes in his four hands swords and torches, wherewith to scare away the evil spirits. The legend on the reverse, I H E P A A M B A V B A K A K Z I K A, has not been read, but contains the Coptic name of Anubis. 4. The Sun-god, Phre, with radiated head, adoring the seated Thoth, ibis-headed, and using the invocation (cut on the reverse) thou art our Father ! Inasmuch as the .Neo-Platonists made -tiermes to be the Power that regulates the motion of the heavens (for which reason Julian addressed his morning prayer to him), there is evident reason w h y the god of Day should thus do domage to Thoth as his superior and director. 5. A very popular Oryllus, its components being the emblems of the elements—the Bird standing for air; the Lion for Fire ; the Ram s head for Earth, and the Bacchic mark for water. This Pagan talisman has been Gnosticised by Thoth's ibis, with the Holy Barnes, " Abraxas and " lao;" but the work on both sides is evidently from the same hand, and in the style of the fourth century. 'Ihe material is a rarely-used stone obsidiaft*

PLATE H. EGYPTIAN TYPES (continued}. 1. Tortoise lying upon the lotus, which springs out of the back of a crocodile. The unexplained legend of the reverse occurs again m connection with an analogous design—a vulture-headed winged Genius, seated on the back of a double-headed crocodile, published by \\ alsh (No. L6) in his Coins, Lrems, occ, uiustratmg the riogress o \J c y. 2. The Ark of the Covenant, apparently copied from the " Altar of L y o n s , that so c o m m o n device of the brass coins of Tiberius. The engraver ol this late R o m a n gem had not studied the minute description of the Ark, given in the Law. There is a Kabbmical tradition (although savouring too much of Alexandrian philosophy to demand any credit) that the Cherubim placed over it were represented as male and female, in the act of copulation, in order to express the grand doctrine of the essence of Form and Matter, the two principles of all things. W h e n the Chaldeans broke into the Sanctuary, and beheld this most astounding emblem, they naturally enough exclaimed " Is this your God, of w h o m you boast, that H e is such a lover of purity ! O n the side is a blundeied attempt at the mystic woiu, TctragHimmutoii,

^riLi

DESCRIPTION OJ? T H E PLATES.

i.e. the JNaine of Four -Letters, viz. Jod, He, Van, He. For the Narnes of God, according to the Kabbah, are made u p respectively, of Four, Fortytwo, and Seventy-four letters. The second explains the motive for the number of sacrifices offered up by Balaam in his fruitless attempt to propitiate the God of the Hebrews; and perhaps m a y have induced the composers of the Lrenealogy of Jesus (though working independentlv of each other) to bring out the same mystic number by curtailing the second series of tliree of its kings. y-w & e d and douoiy-armed .rower, holding four .Egyptian sceptres, and standing on a coiled serpent, enclosing a Holy N a m e . T h e legend is a transliteration of the Hebrew for .Light of L i g h t s . Another form of such transliteration is given by Caylus ( ' ltecueil d'Antiquites,' vi. PI. II), crpaopwvo-; reading from the end backwards; cut for reverse to a coiled serpent enclosing various sigla. 4. Thoth s balloon, bearing on his head the Solar disk, m the attitude of adoration. i n e reverse bears H N A - M E P C j u , sometimes written M A P O O H N 1 , "Enlighten m y eyes!' whence we m a y suspect this very c o m m o n type to be no more than an amulet against ophthalmia. 5. Inis g e m is given here as a good specimen of a type of which great numbers are to be met with, although its whole conception, and the vague symbols in the field—the Solomon's Seal, celestial globe, etc., entirely out of the antique taste, refer its creation to the fancy of mediaeval quacks and astrologers. \\ as the hgure suggested by the idol in the shape of an Old Man,"^ with whose worship the Templars were so persistently charged? ihe present example, belonging as it does to the original Praun Cabinet, must have been executed before the beginning of the seventeenth century. 6. '1 he outline of the h u m a n figurefilledu p with " Holy N a m e s , " and thereby representmg Adam Jxudmon, the P nmitive M a n of the Ivabala. The finest example of this curious design, and in which the letters are the most clearly defined, is the one Caylus gives (I.e. pi. 2 2 \ which has been cut by a later hand on the reverse of a Lion passant, in the Persian style. 7. The 15aboon adoring a Trian'jle, Egyptian symbol of the M o o n , elevated upon a column bearing an inscription. The fact that the _tythagoreans (^who avowedly got then whole system from Egypt) symbolised Athene 03 the triangle, lends srengt-h to the idea that the Attic goddess was in her origin merely the expression of the Lunar Power. PLATE J.

SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH THE MITHEAIC MYSTERIES. 1. This pretty design m a y be tersely described in a line of Manilius :— " Quadrijugis et Phoebus equis et Delia b i g i s . " Sol and Luna in their appropriate equipages : a heathenish device enough, but the same hand has backed their influence by the invocation, " lao

DESCRIPTION OF T H E PLATES.

44d

feabaoth, Abraxas ; He, i.e. the living God, protect Aparaslath''% the bearer of tins talisman. Similar formulas, always attached to women s names, very frequeuny occur. 2. The Zoroastnan Dog, of w h o m and whose olhce so m u c h has been said in tlie text. J. no ill-cut IJITU IS intended for tiie Haven, the usual iVlithraic attribute. 3. The Lion of Baal, the Syrian Sun-god; below, the Scarabasus ^P^fy^o e Creative Power. l n c Phoenician inscription Osan el, God gives s t r e n g t h , " is the name of the owner of the signet. Levy quotes an agate scaraba3US at the isritish JHuseum exactly similar to tins gem (a nne sard), a proof of the popularity of both type and name. ^ 4. A unique talismauic device, converting a male Sphinx into a novel bird, by the addition of the legs of a crane and the tail of a scorpion. It is engraved m the Persian style: m y motive for admitting it into the present class. 5. i ne ZiOuiacal l^ion, guided by its astral G e m u s in its course through the seven planets. 6. The Sun-god, with radiated head, mounted upon a camel, typifying the Ejast. I>elovv is set the fire-altar of Jjiithraic worship. t i e is followed by Chanticleer, attribute of the god of Day, preceded by the Horse—his peculiar sacrifice, as Ovid tells us : Plncat equo Persis rauns Hypenona cmctum, JNe detur Celen victima tarda deo. (Fasti. I. ouo—ob.)

P L A T E IV. M I T H R A I C (continued). 1. Circular copper plate, of the same size as the drawing, bearing the name of jiurelius r urelius, the person for whose benefit the talisman was devised. It represents a female figure, standing in the attitude of adoration; legend, The jjirth of S a l v a t i o n . O n the reverse is seen the Solar Lion bestriding a corpse, a type so frequent in this class that it m a y reasonably be referred to the entrance-rite of initiation, the simulation of death alluded to by fopartianus. 2. The most elegant of these mystic designs that has ever come to m y knowledge. Two Cranes, one with the head of a l i a m , the other of a L u l l , stand guardians over the Mithraic sacramental table, under which lies crouched the Solar Ijion, the House of the S u n . ' Upon the table are set the sacred vessels; above it is the Delphic E , badge of Apollo, between two Palmyrene (?) letters, and over all the Seven Planets, engraved with an accuracy worthy of its elegance in a veryfinesard. 3. A talisman of uncommon potency, to judge from the profusion of symbolism with which its two faces are overloaded. A four-winged, four-armed Power, standing like the Babylonian Belus m the air, is involved with a multiplicity of legends, amongst which the usual formulas " Thou

art our I< ather,

Sun of the Universe, " Michael, " Adonai," can clearly

444

DESCRIPTION

be read. T h e reverse shows a female figure standing and adoring the Deity, w h o guides the Solar light. In the legends w e can distinguish' ^luraxas, itiicnaei, and luicnaio. 4. This type only diners from the last by the addition of the prostrate m a n under the .Lion s feet, and that nothing definite can be made out of the disjointed inscription. T h e reverse merely bears the Great Name " lao, S a b a o t h , and the Seven Vowlls. T h e potency of such words is still an article 01 faith with all true Jews. In tlie year looo—b, the fiabbi of Neutra, in Hungary, actually stood his trial for murder on the charge of having cursed, by the Ineffable ftame an enlightened lady w h o m he had ordered to leave the synagogue on the Sabbath-day, because she had ventured to m a k e her appearance there with her hair m sight, and w h o had died suddenly on the very same day. T h e Rabbi only escaped conviction by publicly and solemnly disclaiming the possession of any such power, to^ the inexpressible disgust of his whole congregation, w h o looked upon him as a wretch tliat had denied his (rod in order to save ins iiie ! PLATE L.

M I T I I R A I C (continued). 1. The JYlitliraic Lion, moving through the stars of heaven. T h e reverse exhibits a complete assemblage of the Sigla; that are found, dispersed, upon so m a n y talismans. That they stand for the names of deities and astral Powers m a y be guessed from the fact that M o h a m medans still express Jxlluh by a circle filled u p with diagonal lines. 2. Lion-headed M a n , doubtless a Leonticus (one of the grades in the Mithraic Mysteries), uttering, with uplifted hand, the inexplicable adjuration, " 0, Centaur of God, Thou match for a hundred [demons] ! " Here Uarovrofiaxos is formed after the analogy of ^ovo/idxos, " a match for o n e . " 3. A Mobed (Zioroastrian priest or Magus) performmg his nocturnal devotions before an altar, on which are set up various sacra, amongst which m a y be recognised the regular insignia of his profession, the Sword and the Divimng-rods. iLngraved upon the base of a calcedony cone, an early form of the sknet in Assyria. 4. Horns, the Vernal Sun-god, making the gesture of adoration, his whip resting upon his left arm. H e is seated upon the seed-vessel of the lotus, that aptest sympoi of the universe, m virtue of its innumerable contents. In the long, clearly-cut legend that fills the exergue, no hitherto-explained formula? are to be recognised. PLATE M.

G-ENERAL TALISMANS. 1. Zodiacal Monster, compounded of Scorpio and Capricornus, carrying a legionary standard. Bearing in mind that the former Sign is under the patronage of Mars, according to Manilius—" Pngnax Mavorti Scorpius haeret"—and the latter a badge of the second Augustan Legion, w e m a y

DESCRIPTION OF T H E PLATES.

445

reasonably suppose this gem to have been engraved for the benefit of some member of that corps. Sard. (New York Museum.) 2. Three lines of the usual Gnostic siglaPj in a cartouche formed by a coiled serpent, precisely in the same w a y that the Brahmins still write the Great N a m e A U M — a sure evidence of the meaning of these mystic characters. Sard., set in an iron ring, of which only fragments remain. 3. Fortuna, with rudder and horn of plenty, standing. T h e word Ifeliciter, m scattered letters, the usual acclamation of the crowd, and the palm-branch prove this gem a present to some favourite aitriga. Its purport is the same as that of the monogram so often found enclosed m the held of the Antomate medal, also accompanied, with a palm, which has at last been m a d e out to contain the elements 01 Pali/ia l^cticiter! 4. Masks of Silenus and of .Bacchus, combined into the outline of an elephant's head, bearing a caduceus in his trunk. The typical beast of India is an allusion to the Indian origin of the god; and the conceit was a favourite with the Komans, to judge from the number of such compositions that they have bequeathed us. Bed jasper. (rsew York.) 5. iistrological j.Tine, or n^rure produceu. by o.iviam 0 m e circle of the Zodiac into equilateral triangles. Here, Virgo (Astraja) at the apex of a triangle, is borne up by Taurus and Capricorn. This was the horoscope of Pescennius .Niger, w h o placed it on the reverse of a coin, on account of its appropriateness to his surname of Justus, of which virtue Astraa was the emblem. 6. The Gorgons H e a d : the type explains itself by the legend, " I protect Jihoro m a n dares some Greco-Persian, to judge from his Oriental name. T h e younger Lucian tells us in his ' Philopatrios' that the Gorgon was placed upon the shields of the Heroes as being " a thing that wards off all d a n g e r s . Red jasper. QlNew York.) 7. Mars, grounding arms, m the costume of a soldier of the times of Constantine. The legend declares the virtue of the sigil: 'Mars hath cut on the disease of the liver. i5ut a most interesting point m the amulet has been discovered by Prof. Stephens, viz., that the four characters behind the head of Mars are the Runes for A B L E , Help. Under Constantine and his sons, the Franks (as Arnmian observes) were paramount in the army. It is easy to conceive h o w some orhcer of that nation has thought to augment the great virtue of this important talisman by the addition of one of his national spells. Engraved in a slight manner, upon nasmatite. 8. Jxakea. w a r n o i j upon a. prancing, steed, branG-isiiin^, a 7?iwce, that specially Oriental weapon; legend, The Seal of G o d . " Curious for the material—a turquoise ; to the present day the Persians firmly believe in the protective virtue of this gem, to which they give the name of Phiruz— J. 1 1 "

V \\i LU1.

446

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE N. GENERAL

T A L I S M A N S (continued}.

1. Universal Nature, symbolised in a highly poetic manner, combining all her forces for the protection of the bearer. T h e Eagle of Jupiter (Air^); u i o uoipfiins of iNeptune (Water); trie h%on of Sol (Fire), are moulded into the mask of Pan, whose semi-bestial nature is of the Earth, w mcKelmann, m describing an intaglio 01 the Stosch Cabinet (No. 1232) all> play m S uP°n his syrinx, seated in the centre of the Zodiac, observes that the ancients considered this god as the " Type of the Universe "; and saw in his horns and shaggy hairs mystic allusions to the solar rays. For the same reason Apollo shared his Gryphon with Pan, and Orpheus sings of him as Attuning the harmony of the world with his sportive m u s i c . " O n y x cameo (Rollm and Feuardent). s, anamg, with the -Asp, badge of royalty, rising from her forehead. ^ The Coptic legend opens with the name of Osiris. Thecharacters in the inner circle seem to be Demotic—they are not Palmyrene. I have p iiuished tins gem, as being the nnest example of the class that has ever come to m y knowledge, by the kind permission of its owner, Mr. J. C. Robinson. Dark jasper. (On the reverse, a later hand has inscribed the " Great N a m e , " and the Seven Vowlls, to adapt the talisman to the n e w Nos. 3 and G are very frequent forms, made up entirely of siglae and Numrrals ; on which latter subject more shall be said further on. 4. This spell, "Great is the Name of the One G o d , " is the Jewish defiance to its rival, " Great is the Name of Serapis,"—of which Caylus p ^ shes a beautiful example, in relief, of antique paste—a material that indicates a large manufacture of the same article to meet a constant demand. 5. Certain astral Powers, represented by their then well-known symbols, are enlisted, by this engraving, m the service of a lady, Sabinia Quinta. A popular kind of talisman this; another very similar is known to m e , made for the benefit of one V xetorina. P y u i a o 0 i a s is perpetually relcrred to by -Hippolytus as the real master of the Gnostics in the application of Numerals to the expression of things divine. H e is known to have learned his system in Egypt; and necessarily brought away with him the cyphers which he found employed for the same purpose amongst his teachers. The primitive Egyptian numerals were of the simplest nature, but their abbreviations ultimately became distinct symbolical cyphers for the several days of the months; and out of these cyphers the Arabs composed their own system of notation. Hence it follows that m a n y of the Gnostic siglm m a y be no more than numerals connected with the astrological use of the charm on which they occur. In fact, Porphyry says of Pythagoras (in his Late ) that his famous Numbers were merely hieroglyphs, whereby he expressed ideas connected with his o w n philosophy. The so-called " Pythagorean N u m e -

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

447

rals are shown in the M S S . of Boethius's Geometry, composed in the sixth century. A n d that the A u m b e r s of Pythagoras were Ten. appears from the remark of Aristotle (Met. vn. 8) " that some philosophers maintained that ideas and numbers were of the same LUIIU.1L, nature, and amount to Ten in all That the INumrrals as the last of the the K o m a n s as written written down down by by the ' were Egyptian demotic characters in their origin is a very probable conjecture ; but it is a curious fact, and remarkably confirms what lias been said above, that several of them when viewed upside down assume the exact form of our present Arabic cyphers.

PLATE 0.

HINDOO SYMBOLS A N D CASTE-MARKS. I. No. 1. Type of Mahadeva or Siva. Fire personified. .Ao. 2. Type of Vishnu : Wtter. J\o. 3. I n e olierfcun ': symbol of the union of the two Elements. No. 4. T h efive-pointedfigurerepresenting the conjunction of Brahma \Lreator) with Siva (Destroyer) becomes the famous "Solomons Seal,' the badge of the Jewish nation, and therefore engraved upon their tombs in the R o m a n Catacombs. i n e equilateral inan 0 ie, Trncun, symbolises Inune Co-equality. A ( m a m e m a u c a ) the sen-existmg Deity. I n e circle expresses iiralima, or E.termty. I n e Triangle inscribed m the Circle, Trinity in Unity. 'J he Circle within the Triangle, Unity in Trinity. i n e worsmppers of a Sacti ^remale Power) mark their sacred jars with the very expressive symbol, No. 5; those of Vishnu with I\o.&; and those of Siva with No. 8, which signifies the copulation of Siva with Durga. Amongst the signatures of the ancient Jama (Buddhist) kings, occur the symbols 8 and 9; and also the so-called " M a e a n d o r , " that frequent decoration of Ixreek Coins. The six following symbols are various Caste-marks, which religious Hindoos put upon their foreheads every morning, with ashes of cowdung, or coloured earths, and powdered sandalwood, producing a great variety in them by the employment of different colours. Those figured here designate the followers of Vishnu. 11. These marks distinguish the votaries of Siva and his wife, Pauvati. The most obvious symbol of the Passive Principle of Nature, the mystic Yoni, (and with which Sesostris branded the nations that had submitted to his arms without resistance) is decorously repressed in the general form of these marks, the two Deities being those that preside over propagation and change which the vulgar call by the name of Death. ill. Otiier caste-marks, denoting minor ditlerences m the sects that bear them : they are given here because they include m their number some that appear to have been the originals of certain Mediaeval siglse. IV. Characters cut upon the rock in the sandstone quarries of Silsilis

448 rl

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. O J P 1 " J-iidu they d.re uij//iuotiic(ic

m a y be inferred from the

fact 01 their accompanying thefiguresof various animals; they are of great interest to us, being identical "with those so often found upon our talisman. V. Palmyrene characters from a finely-cut inscription n o w in the ljOuvre. VI. Siglx, exactly of the nature of Masons' Marks, and of very ancient date, for they are found on the pottery deposited in the Gallic tombs around Bologna. S o m e are stamped in the clay before baking, and therefore must have indicated the maker s n a m e ; but the greater number have been scratched on the surface at some later time, probably when placed in the sepulchre, to carry down to posterity the m e m o r y of the deceased. Those here given are selected from the list figured by the Conte Ixozzalim in his very instructive memoir ' Gli Scavi presso Bologna,' ±ot t,

v 11. Masons Marks, cut on the ashlar of the old Palace of Sadilat, near pahan, whence they were copied by Ouseley, m the belief that they were inscriptions in some unknown tongue. VIII. Masons' Marks^ from the "Drawing-room" of Raglan Castle, an Elizabethan building. They will suffice for specimens of the notation, all the medieeval, early or late, being of the same nature, though infinitely varied m minor details. M a n y lists of these have been published from time to time, the most recent, of the Marks in Duffield Church, a N o r m a n building, published m the Journal of the Derbyshire Arch. Soc, ix. p. 168. 1 A. Every genuine Free Mason (not Rosicrucian recoctus Freemason) after serving his apprenticeship, and being made " free and accepted " of the Craft, receives his o w n " M a r k , " which he must thenceforth cut upon every stone that he dresses, in order to identify his o w n work when payday comes. The essential principle m the Mark is that it must have an odd number of terminations. The Marks here set down were in use with the masons employed in the construction of the South \v ales Railway. The most convincing proof of the emptiness of the lofty pretensions of our so-called Freemasons, is that they actually are entirely ignorant that this most ancient rule of the Craft, to which they pretend to belong, is stm regulany foiiowco.,

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX JOSEPH JACOBS, B.A.

PART I.—GNOSTICISM AND ITS SOURCES, pp. 1-112. T H E Gnostic heresies play so important a part in the Christianity of the first three centuries that they naturally come up for treatment in all the Church histories for that period, such as those of Gieseler, Neander, Hase, and fociian, as well as m the histories 01 Gnnstian doctrine (Ilagenbach, F. i \ . lucier, F. VJ. Baur, A. j.Neander, L. iNoack, t v c ) , and even in the histories of philosophy of Ueberweg, Zeller, &c. But the monographic treatment of the subject from the theological standpoint—the Gnostic gems attracted early attention—may be said to have begun with A. Neander.—Die genetische Entwickelmig der vornehmsten gnostischen Systeme. Berl. 1818. [Sober and clear.] Cv. A. IjCwald.—De Doctrinci Gnosticet. 1818. J. Matter. Ihstoire critique du gnosticisms et de son influence sur les autres sectes rehgieuses et philosophiques pendant les six premiers siecles. Pans, 2 tomes, 1828. [Second and best edition, Strasbourg, 3 tomes, 1843. Somewhat superficial and viewy, but still useful; giving outlines of whole subject, including iconography.] E. Burton.—Inquiry into the Heresies of the Apsstolic Age. Oxford, 1830. [Bampton lectures for 1829, uncritical; superseded for English readers by Maneel.] J. A. Mochler.— Versudi iiber d. Ursprung dcs Gnosticismus. Tub. lool. F. C. Baur.—Die Christhche Gnosis. Tubingen, 1835. [The place of publication indicates the tendency of this publication. Baur's views are read to best advantage in his Das Christenthum der 3 ersten Jahrhunderte.'] INorton. History of the vrnostics. 1845. J l . Eossel. Geschichte der Untersuchungen iiber d. Gnosticismus in his J tieologisc/ie Jyac/uetss. l>erl. 1847. E. A. Lipsius.—Gnosticismus in Ersch and Griiber. Bnd. 71. 18GO. [The starting-point of new lines of inquiry rendered necessary by m o puuiicanon by lUiiier of the P tuiosoplhumenei attributed to mppolytus ^oiar. i less, t o o l >\J W . Mlller. Geschichte der Cosmologie der griechischen Kirche bis an

2G

450

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX.

I I . L. Manscl.— The Gnostic Heresies of the J'irst and Second Centuries. London, 1875. [Posthumous. Edited by J. B. Lightfoot. Best English work, clear, fair, mainly founded on Lipsius, classification of sects geographical. His arrangement is : Notices of Gnosticism in New Test. (iv. v.)—Precursors, Simon Magus and Menander (vi.)—The Ophite Sects (vu.) Cerintlms, Carpocrates, JSazarenes and Mjbwmtes (viu.) Syrian /jects, Saturmnus, Tanan, jjardesanes (ix.)—Egyptian, Basilides ^ (x.) Valentinus and Valentinians (xi. xii.)—Asiatic Gnosticism, Marcion (xm.) Judaismg Rieaction, \jiememines, l^i/itsa i \ .y.] A. Hilgenfeld.—Die Ketzergeschichte des Urchristenthums. Leipzig, 1884. [Ill-arranged, but at present the work round which * discussion on Gnosticism centres.] These are the cruef monographs on the wnoio subject. i>csiuos these, several articles m theological reviews m a y be mentioned, m a n y of them reaching the length of monographs. They were mostly occasioned by the various publications mentioned above, as can be seen by their dates. F. K. .Lucke m Berliner theol. Zeitseii. lo19 ; J. \J. 1J. Lricseler m Hall. lit. z.eit. J-o—o\ and m tjiudien u. Kritiken, 1830 ; F. C. Baur. ibid., 1837 ; H. T. Cheever in Amer. BiUl. Ilepos. 1840 ; I!. Baxmann, Deutsche Ztst. 1861 [translated Amer. Tlieol. lieo. 1862] ; l l i l g e n i c k l in /.tst.f. wiss. tlieol. 1x1. x m . Articles m encyclopedias oncn show original research, or present useful summrries: besides the epoch-making one of Jjipsius m Ersch and Giiiber, reference m a y be made to the sa*ue writer s article " Gnosis ' m Schenkel s Bibel-hexikon \\h\K>) ; C. P. \\ m g m McClmtock and Strong, vol. in. l o i o [_useful biuiiography] ; \V. L. Alexander in last edition of ivitto and J. i j . Jacob! m

The S O U R C E S are scanty and scattered, at any rate as regarcis m dependent ependent works by Gnostics. In addition to to scattered fragments in Grabo's Spicilcgium, there have been publishedMinter. Gilie gnosticx. ivopenh. lot— Korbcrg.—Codex Nazareus vel hwer Adami. .Lciacn, l b l o . [The so-called Bible of Gnosticism, i.e. of the Mendaites; on w h o m see Christian Ilevieiv, Jan. 1855,and Petermann m Herzog.] A. l l a h n . — Bardesanes Gnosticus Syrorum primus hymnologus Leipz. 1819. A. Halm —Antitheses Marcioms Gnostici. -Leipz. 1 o - o . M . G. Schwartze. Pistis Sojmia, opus gnosticum a codice manuscripto Coptus Londini descripsit et Latme vertit M. G. Schwartze, edidit J. H. Petermann. Berl. 18ol—o. [r>
in Tlieol. Jcuiro. for l o o l . j

4:51

APPENDIX.

i>ut the real sources 01 our knowledge of Gnosticism are to be found in the earliest heresiologists, Irenasus (Adv. hiereses}, Epiphanius (Adv. /} a i( JO ^-tus {ijitutfius diia PhilosopfiuTncTtcij ; on the trustworthiness of tliese a considerable literature exists. G. Yo\kmnT.—Die Quellen der Ketzergeschichte. I. End. 1855. 1. A. ljipsius. -Zur Qiteuenlcritifc des tipiphamos. 180;). „ Die Quellen der dltesten Ketzergwchtclite. 1875. A. l l i l U U l C h . .

Ztllr

itfUClteilfcVlc'lK

d. Lf6SCfl.

CtCS

/TlOSttClS'/tlUS,

IcWo.

~,> >» m Zstt j , iiit. i keol. iwf4:, pp. 14o—-ib. c, u s iveizcrgesciiichte j-,oes thorougmy into tliese sources. P. <J- AristomUus. Valckaener s monograph J9e Aristobido Judxo, j-ouo, is s u n the fulicst anci best. P. 4-., vide p. l o , note on .hnoch. " Book of A d a m "—Codex Nasareus Liber Adami appellate, syriace ptus, uuineque reaaitus a M. JSorbery. Uenin, 1815. •*-* 7. ^'i the large literature on Jiiphesus it is sufficient to refer to t r u n l , Jisphesiaca, Ben. 1843 ; Faikcner, Ephesus and, the Temple of Diana. 1862. P. 8 . — O n traces of Gnosticism in the Gospels. C. C. Tittmann, De vestigus Gnosticorum in Novo Testamento frustra gutssitis, Le\j>. 1773; translated Contributions to Foreign JAterature. N e w York, ,

o

••

s

"•"'j 1'i

" "

SCCp

i • 14. 1 ltle given above, also Kostlin's monograph. *• • 24. Jews in ancient world form the subject of Prof. Mayor's elaborate notes on Juvenal xiv. 06-106, running over twelve closely p ted pages and preceded more suo by an elaborate bibliography of previous treatment. T h e only thing of importance since is a paper of ileyct s Les juifs devant I opinion romaine in lieu, des etudes juives. 1oo-t. The relations of (jnosticism and Judaism formed the subject of the historian Graetz'sfirstwork, Gnosticismus und Judenthum. Krotoschin, 1846. P. 29. T h e Zendavesta is n o w translated in Sacred Books of the East, vols. IV. x x m . and xxxi. For literature see Tide, Outlines of the j of iieiigion, § l\K). Onief work, Jiang, Essays on the Parsis m Triibner's Oriental Series. O n Persian influences on Jewish angelology, ivohut, Awgclologie des Tahnuds. 1868. P. 66. JJr. Ixinsburg collected in small compass the modern views on the lvabbala in his monograph The Kabbala. 1866. It has attracted, little attention from Jewish scholars since that date. All scientific inquirers place the origin of Kabbala in the twelfth x iry, uiough mysticism akin to it appears as early as Bible times. O n the great influence of the Kabbala in Middle Ages cf. Stockl, Liesch. d. Philos. im Mittelaltcr. Bud. ii. O n the Talmud at the time of writing three monographs are about to appear— Prof. Strack separately; Dr. Ginsburg in Smith-Wace, Diet, of 2t G 2

•1J2

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX.

Christ. Biog.; and Dr. Schillcr-Szinessy in iLncy. Brit. H a m burger s Jxeal-Encyclopctate, though unequal, is useiiu and at present the easiest means of getting second-hand information about Talmudical topics. P. 40.—Camillo Leonardi, Speculum Lapidum. Ven. loCL. P. 42.— The earliest monograph dealing with the relations of Gnosticism to the Ijast is J. J. Schmidt, Verwandschajt d. gnostisclien Lelire rsiit den Religionssystemen d. Orients. Leip. 1828. O n Manes and Mamchcism the great work is still lieausobre, Ihstoire critique du Manicheisme. 17o-±. Jiut important additions to our knowledge have come from Oriental sources, which are given in somewhat haphazard fashion but with excellent index in r lugel, Mam, seine Lelire und seine Sciirytt-n. Leip. 1OO-J. Early works on M a m are given in Fabricius, Bill, grcec. t. vii. p. 310 seq., ed. Harles. See also Kessler, Untersuchungen z. Genesis d. manicMisch. Religionssystem. 1876. p. 49.—F or bibliography of .buddhism see liole, Outlines § oA. A good short account by T. I\hys Davids (S.P.C.K.). The best recent books are Oldenburg, Buddha; fits Life and lJoctrmes, l o o o ; and I I . Ivern, Der Buddhismus u. seme (jeschichte in Indien. Leipz. 1885. P. 51 TI.—See Buddhist lie-cords of the Western World, translated by S. Beal. JJ vols. 1obo. P. 52.— The best account of the l^ssenes is m the appendices to .Lightfoot s ColossianSj strangely neglected by German inquirers as Lucius. P. 58.—The special literature on Simon Magus is rather large. JMosheim.—De it no bartone ivlago m his Dissert, ad tiist. eccL pert. 2,i\(i ed. vol. ii. Alton. 17b*. A. Simson.—Lebtn und Le/ire Simon Magiers m Zt. j , tiist. Theol. 1841. F. Hudsen.—Sirnonis Magi vita doctrinaque. Berl. 1868. [Progr.] A. Jlilgenfehl.—Bar Magier Simon in Zt. f. wiss. Thieol. 1868, pp. 00 t —Jo. R. A. Lipsius.—Die Qudlen d. romischen Petrussage. Kiel, 1872. \ \ . Moller m HerzogPliitt, 1884, t. xn. pp. 246-ob. O n the alleged statue of Simon see A. van Dale, De statua Simonis Magi. Amst. 1700; and Corp. Ins. Lat. vi. 1. _ P. 70.—On iMsilides besides the jjisputatio in z>acagm, \jOiiect. monument, veter. see Uhlhorn.—System des Dasilides. 1 o o o . l>aur in his Theol. Jahrb, 1ooo. Hofstede de Groot.—Basilides als erste Zeuge f. neutestament Scft'i ijten j_translated iiom u u t e n j . 1000. J. _L. Jacobi.— Ueber d. ursprungl. ISasilid. System m /jt, f. Ivirchengesch. loi 7 ; p. 4J<_> it. P. 82.~^]»esides the Ophite Textbook Pistis fooplna mentioned above, the special treatments are to be found in

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX.

453

Moshcim. Gesch. d. Schlanyenbruder. llelmst. 1746-8. A. r iilunor. De Ojj/iitis. Hint. l o o * . -Lipsius. ueber de opini. System in Zt.f. wiss. Theol. 1863-4. F. Giraud. Ophitm, dissertatio historico-theologjca de eorum j e plao us acjans. jraris, loo-* |_DCSS modern worKj. P. 104. O n the Eigyptian Pantheon see Lipsius, Der Gotterkreis d. alien Aegypter. iscrlin Academy, 1 o o l , and Tiele 1. c, § 29. I h o i r t | ibfaeiiLRuoii HI art best given in Perrot-ompiez, Jiistoire de VArt J l JJi te viiao im_,iish Litinsi.it.ion, 1ooij. Masc tvuiujots cjjpbLtiiiie, 1oot.

p o,

P A R T 11.—'WoESiiir

O F M I T H R A S A N D SERAris, pp. 115 seq.

THE interesting problems that have collected about the worship of Mithras have been dealt with in the following special works :— Sainte-Croix. Eecherches critiques sur les mysteres du pagauisme. Paris, 1817. foeel. Die i\± it/was Lrc/icimnmsse. lo—o. Hammer.—JMitiirialca. Vienna, 1834. Creuzcr.—Das Mithreum. Heidelb. 1838. Lajam. liecherches sur le culte public et les mysteres de Mithra. Paris, l o i I—o. vVindischmann.—Mithra. 1857. Shrines of Mithras are described by J. Hodgson in Eliena Archeoloyie i. 274T-3*J09 w h o gives the earlier literature, and by Stark, Zwei MWirxen d. yrosstierzogi. Attei ttiunieisammluny in Jvirlsruhie. 1<SG4. P. l i b . O n the Persian relations of Mithraicism see Burnouf, Sur le Jcacna. P. 117.—For another etymology see G. Barzilai, Gli Abraxas, studeo J

.

^ LU, _LO I 3.

P. 119. This view of the origin of Christmas wasfirstenunciated by vvernsaoit, JJe origtne solemnium JNatalls C/irtsti ex fesiivitate Aatalts J?ivicti, AVittenb. 1757; he is followed Ity Jablonsky in his Opuscula, Amst. 1809, vol. iii. p. 351 seq., who argues that the Bas-ilidans caused the adoption (p. 361). P. 1-U. T n c latest monograph on thefcadduceesand Phansees is that of Jii. jVLontet, Hjssai sur les or (genes des partis sadduceens et phiartscens. i a n s , 1o^o. A iiilL bibliography at end of Seiilert's article Sadducaer in Hlerzog-Phtt. P. 129.—Flam. Vacca in Nordiui, Hornet Antiqua, pt. iv. 1771. P. Lot. O n comemporary Parsees, T. L). F. lvaraka, History of the X (hi SIS) 2 V O l S .

J-OOO.

P. loJ.—Caste-marks of modern Hindoos are given in Sir Gr. Birdwood's Industrial Arts of India. 1880 (plate M ) . P. 1oo. O n penances m general, the exhaustive work of F. AV. H .

'xD-t

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX.

Yyssscrschleben, Die Bussordnungen der abendlandischen Kivclie. Halle, 1851. O n those of the Brahmins, Sir M . Williams, Modern India PP. 158 seq.—See bibliog. note on p. 104. P.l 14.1 -I lie nutre is UHKHOWII m t n c Eastern L-nurcn j v. llcrelCj JJCU aj z. tr ut ytbutiLiue, t. n.

P. 179.—J\eierencc m a y be made here to ljcssings well-known essay. P. LJo. The latest study of the jettatura is, I a m iuiormed by JMr. Mitt, a series of articles, La Fascination, by Tuchmann in JjlGl'USiUC.

1ooO-7.

P A R T 111.— THE AGATIIOD^EMON W O R S H I P A N D T H E A B R A X A S (JEMS, pi>. 215 seq.

P. _jj.i. u u stipent UOISIIIJ corn p. miroductory essay to Ferguson, Tree and Serpent Worship, second ed. 1873. A m o n g Semites, jiauenssm, Stiidien zur sentii. li el Mjionsgescin elite I. s iv. P. — —0.—J. 1><J1 lermaun, Ucoer die Getjwien der JiltC'ti mit dem Abraxasbilde. Stuck 1—o. B>erl. 1818, 19, 20. P. 230. This formed the subject of a monograph by F. X . Krans, J his Spotterueijvx. Freib. 1bi'l. V. cut on ]>. 279 here. P, - o l . Vide Jiarzilais tract quoted m bibliog. note on p. 117. P. 254.—On the age of this "Gcmatria" see J. Gow, Ihst, of Greek jMaillttilttZLLbj

p. •irt.

P. «iO<J.

For (iii)liography of ixisiiiucs see note on p. 70.

P. - b o .

Uu \ a Lent in us, LT. l i e n n c i , Die Valentinische Crnosis und die

Ifeih'je Schrift. Berl. 1871. P. *ttJ. O n the ng. see monograph referred to m bibliog. note on p. 230. P. _ b l . The 9.) epithets of God m Islam form the subject of Ei. Arnold s poem, Pearls of the iHiitlt. 1C'^~)-.. P. 281 n.—Levy, Gemmm und SiegeL 18GS), p. 47-9 and Taf. iii. P. _h4. Die bvherin von Prevorst was published 1800, and translated into almost all European languages.

P A R T I V . — T E E F I G U R E D M O N U M E N T S O F G N O S T I C I S M , pp. 305 seq. G N O S T I C gems have long attracted the attention of antiquarians, their stjarait invtou_,(iuoii utgiiiiung w u n

Macarius.—[Hcureux] Abraxas sen Apmtopsstts. Ant. 1657; with appendix by Chifllct. [Plates included in Gorkcaus, Dattyliotheca, 3rd edit. Leyd. 1695.] Kirchmann.—De cinnuus. 1657, c. xxi. XUontiaucon. D jintKjuite expligiwe, l a n s , 17.—,; vol. n. livre i n , J-i'js AbiUxas, pp. oOo seq. Supp. vol. n. 1724, pp. 209 seq.

BIBLIOGRAPHICALi APPENDIX. Gon.— Thesaurus gemmarum [_mclucles essay by P a s s e n , Mrrrette.— Traite des pierres i\ Miinter.— Versuch ilber d.

455

astriferarum. ^ riorence, xiov, 101. jse geiiim s . - j. gravies. 1750. II.08-(o. Kirchlichen A.lttrthumer der {jnostiker.

i. i JU.

Bellerman.—Vide bibhog. note to p. l-6 [only vignettes on title pages]. KoW.—PalxocjrapMa critica. 1819-29; 4 vols. [third andfourthon .Matter.

Ilistoire du gnosticisme.

±O-JO.

|_~nd cu nuii, _LO-±O.]

Hammer.—Deux coffrets gnostiques du inoyen ojje. l b o — Stickel.—De gemma Abraxea nondum edita. 1o-l-i. Mttter.— Voyage gnostique en Itahe. loot-. King.—The Gnostics and their remains, ancient and medixval. London, 1864. [First edition of present work including all the gems in the preceding and more also: 13 plates and 27 woodcuts.] N o collection of consequence has been made or published since 180-1 till the present volume. p. 309.—On IA12 see u n i t v. lSaudissms elaborate essay uer Ursprung des Gottesnamens 'law " in his Studien zur senaiischen IieligionHOGRcliichte, 1873, pp. lbl—254. O n the nameitsi.lf cf. S. K, Driver, Recent Theories on the Origin and Nature of the Tetragrammaton m Studia Jjibltca. l o o o , pp. J.-20. p. 370.—On the apices of Boethius considerable discussion has arisen. \ v o c p e k e , in Jour. Asiat. 1 o o o , p. o-l, traces them iiom India; T. I I . Martin, Annali di matem. 1 b b o , p. uoU, from lijgypt; while Friedlein, Zahheichen, pp. 15-19, & c , and W iissenborn in Zt. Math. 1'hys., 1879, declare the passage m Boethius to be a forgery. b e e Grow, Iltst. Greek Math., p. o b . P. 372.—On magic squares treated mathematically, see \>c Morgan in English Cyclopedia, sub. voce. sect. Arts and Scwnces, vol. v. col. 415.

P A R T V.—TEMPLARS, EOSICRUCIAXS, FREEMASONS.

O N the TEMPLARS the most complete history is still that of Dupm, Ilistoire de I ordre Tnilitttire des Tempita s. 15ruxelleti, 1751. O n their mysteries, Loiseleur, La doctrine secrete des J.empiers. Uueans, i o i 2 . A n d the trials, Miehelet, 7'roces des Tempiiers. 1871. T h e statutes contained m

Merzdort,

(leheuihsUttutoi

des Ordens der

loupelkerreii,

Halle, 1877, have been shown to befictitiousby 11. (x. P rutz, ucheimlehre und Geheiinslatut'ti des Teiiqielherren Ordenis. I!erl. 1879. See also F. Schottmiiller, Der Untergaug des Temller-Ordeus, m i t urkundhehen Beitriigen. 2 vols. 1887. O n the JiOSICRTjciANS the earlier nterature is given m \ v . v. iMurr, JJeber d. luahren Ursprung d. hosenkreiizer. See also l i u n l c , Ursprung ttnd vornehmste Schicksale d. Orden d. Freimaurer und llosenkreuzer, 1810 ; and Klupfel, sub voc. m tlerzog-l litt. O n the origin of Freemasonry,

'xOO

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX.

full references m K. F. Gould's huge and uncritical History of Freemasonry, vol. i. 1884. P. 6J6n. A third edition in two vols. appeared in 1887. P. 409. O n the influence of these Manichaean, sects in spreading Eastern folklore through Europe, see M . Caster, Greeko-Slavonic IIvvI

CtCUi ft.

1 o o i.

P. 4J.G.—Assemblies of Al Hariri, translated by T. Chenery, vol. i. 1867; and Riickcrt's remarkable translation, Dei Venvamllunyen u6& JlOU

OCld.

INDEX. A. A. A., Ivabalistic, 199 ABAANA0ANAABA, 246, 317 A i i.maji, the iHagian, n2 fvugiirus, jurist s letter to, ol 7 AlJUACADABiRA, I >_ 1II Ul -l ,' l , 310 O I U t>

Abraxas as Phoebus, 103 , the Sun-god, 117 , ^yniology of, Zi)i

A G A T H O D X E M O N , legend, 216 Agathodsemou gems, examples, 296 A h r i m a n , 1'JVII, 1 O _

Akbar, Ins religion, 416 Aiaoaiches, 27 Aiuigenses, ineir creed, 340 , last traces of the, 399 Alexamenos, <jvojjito of, 230 Alexaiiuna, the oerapis of, IO9 jiitctii) sigla for, I U

J.VOII D IOH tienned,

257

AUeius Caronius, spell of, 223

, iULiUimg 01, z O J

>.vij)niiueiical names, o i l

, curious type of, 328 • ngure, nrst mention of, 111

Abraxaster-geios, z z o Abraxoids, z o /

' A m e n , why used in prayer, 267 Amenti, trie Four, l u b A M H N , the Three, 147 A m m i a n , upon tlie Magi, 272 Amor, how adopt I , 234 itmsnaspands, thefecven,140 Amyciae, Apollo of, Zyh •t ICiLj and the Rosy Cross, 394 Andrew, Kcvelation to St., 341

Abraham, statue of, 161 Abrak, the Mystery of, 317

Angcis Names, talisman, 193

Aciiamotii, \v lsdom, ooO Achoreus, ozz

Anngonus Gonatas, his treaty with

MIe LrUC, Z T O

,

• -gems, how used, 274 • -gems, -gems, materials and art of, 2 t-t - 0 C l , U X S C r i D t X l , 250 o

Adad, the Sun, 161 Adam, Book of, 4, 415 -Kadmon, 34 Kadmon typified, 233 Added talisimanic legends, 277 iLdoyicii-, Adonis, ZJ\J

Adoneus, the Invisible, 2 J / A.E.I.O.U., Austrian version of, 234 .ZEueas, his funeral sacrifice, 367 iEons, Simon's, 67 , whence derived, 260 —---~, list of the, 2bo

>

, male and female, 263 , seals and numbers of the, 331 , addresses of the Soul to the, 332 , pictures of the, ooo

XCjaLUliljJiUS,

, the Sun, 177 Aj-jiicnouflomon Serpent, 2VO

&

i ?

, JJ

a y, o ±±

ASOKa, 51

^

Anuois, witli two faces, 110 , with triple head, 293 -\jlll IblUS, ZoU 279 l , 279 vjiiiibLus, nn00 uu rree Uof, •-Lyphon, O\JA

Apis-bulls, catacombs of the, 164 Apollo, with talisimanic legend, 302 jipoijonius of Tyana, oo jvpsetnus and trie pparIUI&, ub -i-puicius, iiu

, ' D e Magia,' 283 Arabic terms m mediaeval arf, 418 Arction, the Second, 77 , jj(_miurgus, o i Arclions of tlie threat Fate, 352 Aristotle, copied by Basilides, 70 Ark of the Covenant, 7 Artemis of Pallene, 167

^**Jo

INDEX.

Arthur's Oon, 136 A.S. the Rosicrucian, 315 ,why enjoined, 419 Asoka's Edicts, 51 Assassins, the sect sect or, 410 Assassins, the 410 their Degrees, zto. (/. , grucies of, i l l Assembly, Masonic, oi8 Ass-headed deity, 230 Astrology, in liome, 111 Assumption of deities forms, o o o Atneistan, nrst klaxon builder, o o o Athelstans' Constitutions, 381

ATIONONOMA, {_,C y-.\j\X\J l - Jl t- .^ nC^

Boundless Power, 59 Bouteilles cemetery, 371 aonmans, origin of, 2iA isnindmarkcs, Mitnraic, 139 Brazen Serpent, the, 218 Serpent whence derived, 3 .oromiius, h o w ngured, lo— lirother, Masonic, 378 Buddha^ Gaya, inscription at, 269 Buddha's Foot, 270, 271 Buddhism described, 49 Buddhist missions, 51

lnJ

0

l 1172 72 d,

Augustine, a Mamehajan. Mameh 48 A U M , symbolism of, 2GG , /bit or OM,2GG * , virtues of its use, ^ 0 7 -, type of the Trinity, 320 A \ l a , bisiiopric of, 06.) rt^ccti apa?, place of torment, 000

B A B Y L O N I A N characters used in talismans, 3ho AjiwyiGnii nwncvi, ouo—OJ L Bacchic serpe p i d'lo

feVIUOOlS, OoJ

influence on Gnosticism, 390 i.Q< lmlE>, lilt, SCCL, "±UJ 1U1 t i l l il.O, I lOi )Jj J-IJJNl JJiIl,, lu.itJi.ia.L',

jjuiietm Monumental, on Masons itLaiKS, ooo JjllllS,

m u m m i e s of, 164

' J 1 b" U i l *t/i penance, 154 Ajj-Ztuiune Gorgon-amulets, fOJ i_jAiiiui, copper of m e , oJ Kjiiu.ucc-utj ITS syniDonsm, 1il>

Camillus Leonardi, 338

-LKlLLllUS, Tile taUIl-toOU, d--j

• , god of the Jews, 323 Bacon's ' House of Wisdom,' 398 lMJaajiluS, I>U10C1US, Z.)J

Balaam's sacrifices, 442 Bambino, il santissimo, 3 3 ' ! JjapJiomet 01 the Temllars, 235 xiapiiometicfigures,403 Jiaphometicum lMysterium, 128 .1X11 DOIO, £0,1

, bearer of souls, l o o C a r i x m a n , their origin, 391 v^ariiai\on, gold plaque fountl at, o o J C-aste-marks, and various siylx ex[UcilULU, 13, 1 4

diuusion of, o o o Catalogues of (gnostic gems, 2io Cave of Mithras, 136 c n a m , i>ia n ic, otj-

• , ' Mother of the Saviour,' 3 3 3 xsarruel, upon the Idununati, 425, 426

v^nauce, iuiiiira:C, 126 cnarun, the Etruscan, 1o^s, l b 7 Ceraunia, talismainc, I J 7

J J MIL ieb, ma Ej^sLLlilj 70, Zi>/

V-

Basilidau doctrine defined, 258 J5ath, scroll found at, 300

Chiflet's talisman, 290 cnuticnc. Tomb 194 Chinese symbols, 391 Christ, identified with Serapis, 161 Christ's person described, 162 Christinas day, h o wfixed,120

15. C. 11. J_J. JYL. JV. S., 402 jjeienus, l o o

, Gallic Sun-god, 136 JJetulns, thunderbolt, _JJO 'Birth of the N e w ^.un, 306

L.'iii\socheir of Tepiirice, i t 2

jjiiiiitKiy of Miuiras, i u e o *™ b SLS, l o o

Boctliius Arithmttic, 370 ' Bologna, Scavi presso,' 428 k. J i l l I L , L 1 1 L , I U

Spirit, J J L U C jj.€iminUk., .1

Ldmumis, various spellings of, 216 dinuphis, with mystic numeral, 340 geiii-iegends, /-to

jjouuioii, v,aiuinal, ou2

jjountiary

L»L-|JIUH,t.LLH, Z Z O

2 JJ

Circle of the Sun, 300 Clemens Alexandriuus, 257 Clemens and Basilides, 257 4 Cleopatra, Death of,' 1S±

459

INDEX.

* Domine quo vadis, Church of, 271

L>nidus, Tempic at, *>uu V ' H JlLi L« till U U d O/I1J.

Coenct, auue, Colic, amulet for tMIL, h e , JG7 367 , Collar of S b , its origin, 219 * College of Arabian Snges,' 394 Colossus of diiiercut metals, J bo Constancy, emblem of, 220 Constitution.es iirtis (jcometricae, oi7

Donatist Contcssion of Faith, 3 i o JJonneT-iicii., straiu-pjtii,

Draco, type of * The good and Perfect Serpent,' 289. * Dragon of the Outer Darkness, ooo Dragon shaped, non-s \ c , , oo7

\jon 111101100, mciitorious, o o t , oou

Dream-bringing demons, a) Dreams, caused by magic, ±u , sold by Jews, 221 Druidical religion, 4—, stone, with Caste-marks, oo7 Druidism, invented in Britam, 421 Druids, put down by i lbcrius, Druses of .Lebanon, -i13 Dualism, Hindoo, Zb-± of deities, _i04 Dolcino Fra, and Margrrita, 03 Durya, of the Indians, 260

Corax of Mithras, 120 Liow, typo of Isis, ii\) Counterrcit of tliefcpint,oo Crescent and seven stars, o l 8 V^TUbB, k5I 0 l_l Ul Lilt-, -J

Crown of Mithras, 128 Crusades, their ciiect, 418 Cursing by the Name, 444 Pscum, the, oou v^yiiuucp s, VJJ piicr of the Iiiuniiiictii, w o

Cypselus, Coffer of, 183 A.A.A.» 199

U*V-A-» zob .L DELPHIICTM, „ j /

AAMNAMENELYG, DO

E g g of the Wrrld, o07

Dante s allotment of Heaven, o-io Dante's Cliaron, 188 jjcath, antique typeot, 179 , extinction of, OOJ , Grecian types of, 188 , m ancient art, 11 %) ,tepintual,what, loO ±/ceune, tooms of the, z.t± jJeities represented by numrrals, o\)i

j_j0yptian uciLitb, IISt UI, iutj

u e i p m c Jiij the, -Ji

Emanation, doctrine of, 92

VJl,

jjeniiurgus, how banied, oou ' , doing the work of the,' 334 Demons, I\.abbalistic, ob

sacred animals, 107 vrobpci

f the, .. oo

E I C Z E T C CAPAniC, 327 Eleazar, drives out devils, 280 Jiiiements, itiigcis of the, oj , toons of tlie, zo_ j_jicpiitintti, rock-ieiiipiL of, *±**/ J ^ l l a s , 1L0LUU

_L>mdlldUOLlb,

Ul, ilOt

LitL J J u b l l l U i l U ,

i ) c Qumcy, on the Eosicrucians, oJo Destructive Principle, 167

li,mcsa, Temple of, lo-t

j./wdf

Enoch, Book of, 18 i orthe

iici symuoi, o u i

jjevls, casting out of, LOO ——, their various shapes, oo7 Dextvs&: -Z'ede, oou jjiagrauima of the vjpnites, oo~> A I K A I Q Z , on a gem, 129 JJIOUJsiac ojluooia

m

pa

427 JJis, the Roman, l c 7 Dis-pater, of Gaul, 101 v i d 0 i , 307 1jJiviumg-rods / l V l U l I l g - M l S of the ii>ia. XJQi tUlC,

l l l l l b l U l l I t o L b , —Ul

£.00

, doctrine of, 259 , the Five, their Coptic names, 313 J-dUipLUULlLb tjltULUU, U

_ L i ] H p i i a i l l U O , LO

o'

Ephcsus, School of, 7 -Lphesian Spen, i n c , v>. I'jpoptas, the JMasomc, ^_b Esoteric Mohammddanism, 415 i.jfabL'UCb, origin Ul L11L, OL

Evil Eye, talisman for, ^oG , theory of the, u o Spirus, o n g m of, I O J J_J\e-covert
, Ot tllO P ill'bcCS, l o 7

x1 uCulties, whence derived, o-iu

460

INDEX.

-T
Fate, omce of, GOV Ferdmand of Naples, P CO, .392 -T trillVbdt) emblem of, 219 i? nteen ± .Masonic, 37 Oii) x omts, omxs, luasonic,

Fire, amulet against, 422 - the First Principle, 69 .rive, the sacred number, number. ZJo , words on the vesture of Jesus, oOo

Foot, carved on stone, 185 , the divme, 270 Forniulai, txnottic, 2,o0 , p UipUoL OI, r>L9

Forty-two a sacred number, 442 * Free and accepted,' 385 oury, u-iiii(juiij of, 375

391 , pretender founder of, 376 Free-masons, the real, J o b x1 rccmasons, true origin of title, o J i Frog and serpent, symbolical, 36 Future punishments, 356 filt t Cal-dbllfcillcU.,

x ynoi, tjwttbZiiiLi, ooj * G A B E S , the book of,' 343

I r a i e n , upon the jasper, 219 , upon demoniacal possession, 280 Gallic brand-marks, 428 coins with Tribal marks, 429 Garnet talisman, 289 ' Gate of the Gods,' 346 Gaul, Gnosticism in, 338 i^eoinancy, Arab, oUo Geometrical symbols for deities, 307 ercnealogy of xuary, 2ol Gerniamcus, bewitched, oOo vTlLLLl], LI], L\

fe , origin&J type of, 167 , j u t of x^eath, i s Gracchus destroys Cave of Mithras, 126 ' Great Names,' the, 308 stavus ivaoiphus, chymic gold coins of, 396 oJb no,--urQ.cfi(iii) iiuraxas, £oi

,

xiadnan, upon Serapis, 161 AI pies f •iici Syrens, l o j P J j on tombs, loo xieavens, m e , ^OJ, obo

Hebdomad of Basilides, 81 Hebrew terms used by Christians, 125 words, false use of, bS — words, use of, 2So liecaic, how mvoked, .Zol Helena, ' the Lost Sheep,' 68 , made an idol, 70 nenodorus, upon the H A H xLye, LJD H euo^iLuaius,

nj

, magic practices of, 226 xien, description of, dob •, fa('tls OIj 1ilt

' Helmet of Adoneus,' 296 * of Hades,' 186 Henry in. employs Italian artists, 384 Ilenry vi. on Freemasonry, 376 Heracleomte passport to the moribund, 329 Iliero prohibits h u m a n sacrifices, 417 Hindoo deities, 264 duahstic deities, 264 symoois explained, o^o ipeiviuts, on x>asuides, z o / i ins his x Treatist., reatist, 11 11

Historians of Gnosticism, 11 Holy JName, xSasilidan, 259 Homer, Ophite explanation of, 86 xioop, type of Time, 179 iiorapollo s Interpretation, 108 noise, symbllic, loi) llorua or JVtoses, 322 , how adopted, 232 Hosea Lux, mystic book of, 397 Hours, G e n u of the, 300 H u m a n sacrifices, 220

vriiosis, machinery of the, IU-1 , the Jewish, 4 -, true aim of the, 333 l_Tiiustic gems, lists of,2 2id symuonsm, preservation of, d/i> Guosticised types, 277 iriiosticism, beginnings of, 21 , wide dinusion of, oS/ , UlUlCll, r±Zl Godhead, how constituted, S.) IAO, his various titles, 326 God s name, h o w expressed by the lao, the Lunar Genius, 332 JaoSf Autumnal Sun, 321 \*oui plaque, Carnarvon,oSJ I A Q , the name explained, 319 u ' Good o <-'! the,'354 Ibis, type of Moon, nji vrui D on, an ainiuct, I O J Idea, the Platonic, 34

461

INDEX. j.u01-woramp, i_*nosuc, (\j

luoiSj woou.cn, of primitive Greece, 1G7 Ul T the Primal M a n , 351 i ^ u u r d H L c , m o goti of, z o i

HCOVC, numerical umerical value ot, v 255 UiAUdjOLJl, ULIllUll,

,

dot

, son of Darkness, 37 ±iiumiYi(tiit

grades of the, "tzo

Imprecations nxed on leinpie-wllls, ooO

Incubi and Succubse, 334 India, iicr connexion with v^reecc, 271 , her influence upon Egypt, 320 , p

o

l u u

"M 2' *

, source of the l*iagi, 2 i _ visited by Greeks, 53 Indian sources of (juosticism, 42 unliable rs 266 rs ame, t h e , £\ib Ineiiable , N a m e , Hindoo, 2GG • JName, origin of, 32\j One, Mystery of the, 148 Infant sacrifice, 334 Infernal powers depicted, 364 mated, Diaiid-marKmg of the,139 .LI i n 11 i t iLal ttLiLol Unl J,, tests a t , 421 421 Inner M a n , tLI1U, h e , 38, Innsbruck Tablet, the, 127 p i l U so, 1\.U tlAclb, £rLO—O

, Gnostic, 248-9 Inserted s, oz7 Inserted ll ee 0gceini ds, 67

' Invisible Gods, the, Invocation of JSames,o l O J.O/1)

the Moon, 324

Jewish badge, 388 inliuence at HRoinOj ome,

27

IVLd^lLldllH, '±\J

Joan Otf i> J_> i t V < l l J l>. 2zU avarre, Jovis Axur, A x u r , 278 278 Jovis 28

t) UUdlSUl, Orl—111 OI, M 28

Judaism, on 0 in

^' s y i u u u i u i , 1 i u

Justinian's persecution, 340 Justin Martyr on Mithras, 122 JYAiiUALA, real JVABBALA, real source of of t h e , 33 , -, and Talmud, 3 3 Kabbalistic cyphers, 199 - titles, Zo7 . Ivan

L VdUlj

lb/

Karamala, Psychopompos, 16G ivdutaliduciir,

Zb^

ivavlacav, o o i\-(j jianuMj i\0nuscastuS) oG9

' Kells, Book of,' 430 jjvcrner, v c r n e r , on tUalll li bslm l l aaT nlso,, 205 zu5

Iverner s division of the Soul, o l o Jvmgdoms of rs ature, J o Ivircher s Leaden Book, 362 jvnppoth, demons, o o ivnocker, Masonic, 403 * Knot of Hercules,' 176 Ao.sti, /iOroastnan 401 Kronos, abode of, 241 ——, h o w figured, 240 Krjp, h o wfigured,1 9 0 IJADY, the L*reat, ,5U/

L u m p , spell m a d e to the, 223 .Language of Gnostic legends, ZoZ .LiiipO, 11 J-LUcSCO,

00±

ljarva, i o i

Isiac Procession, 111 o j m u o i s , to.

Isis, symbol held by, 301 iialian m a s o n s , mecuseval, m e t u a > v a j 384 masons, •*•*«•, i-sOii '-'i Liiui.iu.cr. 175 !>«•, go Liiunder,

, ghost, 181 Lat, the Ilindoo, 298 j - j a n ICL, Temple of, 422 , Leaden Books, 362

tl

I T A N T A , 198

Lebanon, sects of the, 340

Izeds, iiOrodSLrian, I O Z J A M B U E S , magician, 40 James i. of Scotland, Act concerning iMasons, 371 Jasper, virtue of, 219, 222

L t ' g i0'euus, i i d s , translations oU lt, , ol 311 1 j_/C

Jerome, on jjasi.iiu.es, _ O J

, on Spamsh Gnosticism, O d J J_Jc^L(\ 1-iiXj Lrt, 126 Jersey, Gallic coins of, 429 Jerusalem, visitcu o j Scymicus, i i J CSUS, UlV OLilLlOLl *Jo5 U LSUS, 11 lo iiivocation, -, meltable origin of, z o o • lAJ to

j_jeonticus, vjoracicus, l i b AjCsoing, on r recmasonry, -t-L 1 iXij L i1i Li c r i1U i i jl )--,, U l lUj-jLIlUb, I C w L H U O ! 2ib

ijotters, composing a female form, Zoo Life, possible duration of, 221 -Light, l^mpire of, 8 * of lights, 293 ——, T h e Divine, 81 ' , Place Oi, 350 Lines and dots on gems, 305 ijion, typical, J U J

462

INDEX.

Lion, form of Bacchus, 131 -headed man, 131 .Litanies of the deaci, dead d d l

type of Logos, 107 Lodge, ceremonies at the, o b z , iiciaoiiiL, oou

of St. Thcodosius, 424 , the Scottish,' 425 , xtmplarSj 413 Logos, emanation of the, 2G1 , JNous, Sophia, z o i

* i

, version of fotieyn^ z&o

Lord of Light, 4 7 Lots of the K i n g d o m , 153 _L.OlUb, L X p i d l L l L U , J-iOVe, 1A UCl l1CLL, lbCt,

1/±

J' &

y ° l l , UlC,

H 2

L u n u s dens, 324 Lydney, leaden scrolls found at, o u l JMACIIOIUL'S, on vLsculapius, 177

•

, on Serapis, L J 9 , on the descent of trio Soul, 346 Magdalene, discourse of the, 150 Magi, Lrcneral Council of, 49 • , their origin, 273 Magic, cultivated in Britain, 421 40 the founders of, 40 -, founders of, 22 221 -chain, to m a k e obJ, Papyrus,* spell from "•I J r & ) , Zi±Z>) 2b>2 Masson, iUassoney, Massoney, a T e m /(jitt, Manuaitcs, -t h e , 415 415 , t111C, iManeiiLi, inscription at v m a , o o i M a n e s , history of, it> , m a use of Palmyrene alphauct, 370 Mamciicism, 157 Mamciicism, loo, 1ob,157 -, elements of, 47 , h o w diffused over Europe, 409 , wliy SUCCCMsIUl, i i u

Manicneists, persecuted by Justinian, 408 M A P O O H N I , talisman, 313 Marcus, * Revelation ' of, 286 Maria Honorii, 191

^^*

>iiiusiuu, L U I

Medicinal talismans, 328 iHercia, m e i_ja(iy of, ooo Merchants of the Staple, their Marks, 385 Meru, Mount, 42 Mete, Von Hammer's, 404 J. LILI11[ b j hllU&lH, O J J

Middle space, the, 102 , arclion of the, 353 ' , the Platonic, 347 , lao, Ruler of the, 325 liitssa, ucrived, i z o Mithraic bronze ticket, 9 Cave, discovery of a, 131 ue & ree&j Lm., IL7

"•*.>

iiKiuiivn&i) of nanri, 4 i o

0

, '-'• ll t'- 11 - 1 '-'•')

Masonry, genuine rules of, 3 7 7 Masons 1 Marks, origin of, 385 Matter, to DO renounced, o o o s theory, 326 y

± O X i l H s , OO l-

IUB, (jeriuine, oto

Ut7 O.'

L o w e r world, Euler of, 97 Lucan's G o d s of Hell, 170 Lucian's Philopatris, 184 O' 1 1

Maiim, scroJia found at Villa, 366 Marks of owners , Gallic, 428 lTiaroni, aooe, izo Mary Magdalene, on the use of talismans, 332 , ICevciation to, 349 , the Heavenly, 141 ''Masonic Grip,' 337

•

monuments, 1 l o Sacraments, i—• remains in the West, 422

IVLlLilltlS, D O U g l l l w i l l i UIOOU, i Z i

, h o w figured, 133. identified with Christ, 119 i Zioroaster s, 110 liioocu, msignia of a, i u Modern fore , 275 iiLOJociniLS, grtsuii jasper, 2ay

Moniiaucon, obo M o o n , absorber of souls, 347 , Egyptian idea of the, 324 , h o w lighted, 48 • , type of, 107 Moor's ' Hindoo Pantheon,' 267 Moses, magician, i l l 131 y I l l L i I ,

lOO

U±s b l t M l t h , LI1L,

±-±0

, benctit of the, 352 , explanation of m e , O J Mystery of the First Court, 352

INDEX.

Mystic Names, Invocation by, 285 Nans, the element AVater, 224 , worship of the, 101 JNaasem, tiieir celestial hierarchy, oVJ Nabis on gem, 244 JName, power of the, 201 ^~~, virtue of tlie, Zoo ±>auiee, expressed by numrrals, z o i , spells made up of Holy, 281 of God, how made up, 286 Nushirwan protects Philosophers, 56 iNature,ii.cuvean(i Jrassive, symbolized, 112 i\avel, Circio of the Sun, oho -TseDucnatinezzar, oo-i Nebuchadnezzar's * Image, whence UL11VCU, l U O

j>cciicp._os, ±Ying, 2iu JNeutra, ltaubi of, plate> iv, 4 * N e w Name, a, 129 Newton ioLUUc, lilt.) 3SG xMcocreon, i o u JNiic, derivation of, oZ\) i n y - i i i i i t Names of txOU, God, 231 2ol _l> 0™UC1I1,_ (jiou, Vj O i l . Jj\G-bemg l llil eC ,. 75 JNodens, Temple of ucus, ool i^toijiim^, of ijd.oiiiu.es, 72 Numbers of the Names, 287 aio, sacrGQ. U y, o u J IN JNumorals, sacred,Ii\) UClLlOsJ, 0\J O U ij •, 368 ,*oLauuiurs0 L\JL deities, Numrrical forces, 254

O. O. O. 1JJ Oath of Artaxerxes, 116 Obsidian arrow-heads, 203 Ocean of the Ophites, 87 Ogdoad of J_>asuides, o i Old M a n of the Mountain, 418 Old M a n s Head, xJaphometic idol, 404 ' Omestes Dionysos, human sacrifice to, 168 Omphalos of u e i p i u , zoo

*±DO

Ophites, Schema of the, 332, 342 Or, The Divine Light, 35 Oracio of the Clarian Apollo, 321

urcus, loj Orcus, 189 , the demon, 356 Orai, Venus, ooZ , on Gnostic deities, 325 Orites, 209 Orleans, Paulicians of, 410 unnuzd, i^oou, LOZ Orpheus, on m^hiic -iMames, Zo-± , M Lybienes of, * u i Liord of tlie \\ est, 188 Osthanes, magician, 421 Outer Darkness, the, 357 Ovid's * Ibis, 181 P A L M Y R E N E alphabet, 370 Pantheism of Manes, 48 Pantheism of the Manicheans, 156 •tapyrus, LUG i>ia 0 ic, zzo J T i t l L t l , how personified, 190 LI, origm of ±ois, 171 < ovt , Liit, penceij oo± Passport, for the next world, 329 Paulicians, sect of, 409 Pegasus, Daage of the ±cmpiars, iZ\j Penances, xiinuoo, loo PerdTtii, »cci, L+JO x. ui._ea-pluiii, OWL Perugifi, Mithraic Cave at, 132 ireter ij-owci, Pythagoras, 3ib PetraoeSy talismanic gem, 299 j . ctriis, civis Romanus, 384 Jrhanaces, Sun-god, 1ib, 140 L miip, iTospel of, ooo Phoenician deities, 240 Phocius, on tlie Jjx-tylus, 207 Pictisli tattoo-marks, 420 Pilate s letter to Lcntulus, 162 x ne vjiiKj-jHars, iiie, 4 z j lOl>lb-k.UpjJItl,

O N O K O I H T H Z , 230 (jphiuchus, J o , Lot Ophite doctrine of the First Principle* 224 tncogony, O\JO

U U c L l j S l b U l , 14

, analysis of the soul, 349 , celestial hierarchy, 239 doctrine of the Sacraments, 141 -, lvabbalistic names of deities tiecSj

oi1 , hymn of the, 92 , Uicrr perfect saennce, ozo , their system, b - , 92

, -ineogony of the, o-ti , ivpes explained, - O J Plague, amulet against, 317

464

INDEX.

Planetary genii, Gnostic gods, 325 Planets, mystic names of the, 309 a, U U l l J t l U ,

£±0

Pluto, howfigured,186 J. 1ULU, P l l l t U S , l o t ) v

XIXLIYIUJ, MO

Powers, ngures of the, o±o , invocations to tlie, o l o , names of the, 198 Prami Cabinet, gems m the, 292 Prayer of the Saviour, 289 PriBLdiiiiiu, ooo, t u o t

,his " real character, 441 Saturn, sons of, 422 oiiiurmnus, zou y , eaoui, ooo

Scottish Jvnight, costume and ceremonies of the, 426 Scytmcus, precursor of Manes, £ o Seal used by Christ, 317 Seals of the mens, o o l Seed of the VY orld, 73 &eeie, ixerven-geist, Lretst, oio u., mif, u , o<- 8

Seherm von

,

D iL,. rX i It Lv luUil B

i-OT 284

p gation of species w h y promoited, C e M G C € I A A M , explained, 222, 326

'119

Proserpmc, xJape of, ±o/ T€po(popos, x^vptian priest, o i o

toiomy iv., t o o Punch, council offive,299 Punic language, late use of, 283

C 3 L p i l U r u ( . U , LUC, OO

t. epoy mutiny, i-o

ncrapeum, when destroyed, n>-± 1

S

x jLiiu 0 uiafa, my Four uooivb, -±o

, studies in Ijgypt, 2oi , source of ins system, 11 Pythagorcsm jMimeruit«, 37i) symoois for lA'ities, ou/ I^UAKRIELSOMIENS^S, LJiristian, OJk

t,,juatLTmoii, the J>aaiiiuau, Zhl

i-guatuor Coroncuif .sot Queen of the dead, 184 Quietism, iiicioiemi(i, o±-±

i^mnternion, the ixisilidan, zoz R A D I C A L S , Simon s Sis, 61

Raspe's remarks on Gnostic symbolism, 291 lieceivers of .Light, 354

1

,

x^ oot, H1 eOL, attribute «oi, J I , 271

, gems rcieinng to, 1 i z , h o wfigured,159 • , introduction of, loo , type of the Universe, 321 and ii^athousemon combined, ooo Serenus Sammonicus, 220, 316 J. U IL, I4L-pt i l l t i l l t i f l i ,

old

, guardian of tomb, d o / • , guide of souls, 368 Servatius, seal of samt, 0 / Seven-branched canillcstick, 388 Seven vowels, mystery of the, 201 Severus Alexander, his worship, 16, 227 o/y((C, bianding for uoiucb, i\)

itegeneiauon typiiitu, +*oo Ring, Magic, to make a, 243 Rosicrucian ceremonies, 3 J b

366 •. igns and Pa Passwords, Masonic, Masonic, DOT rnmon Magus, history of, o o Simon s Four Books, 64

syimjuiiLtU p es, 3 ibOslciuciauy, UILIr uujtjci., ooo

SiDij Assjiian Moon-god, oZ±

XiLL()0lllL10 n

y sL0

,

Round Churches, 402 XLUQOJI ii. patronises alchemists, ivo Runic legend on a talisman, 11 S.S.S. on bar, _iis Sacrcu animals of xjgypt, 1U6 baenhee, the True, 11a

Sadi, female Power, 264 Salagrama, L\>O

Samaritan legends, 316 Samothracian Mysteries, ho Saugraal, quest of the, 405 Sanscrit names in Egypt, 265, oz0

Sin, the cause of, 349 Sins to be renounced, 356 llooii oheieiuii, idTvu., oKcieton, IQ.TXXX,

S icep and ucath, typined, loo *•'

a

s y i H U L I S UA.[JliilI-llAl, lOO

feoii luvicto Comiti, Z2.L

Salome's question to the Lord, 335 Solomon s Seal, 388, 423 * Sons of the prophets, 273 Sorlcs AntiateSy oOo ooui, chau^e of shape sh m the, 346 -, how conBUiiuted, l JIIEV 11 H i t 11* 37 OI , planetary origin of the, 3xt

4 bo

INDEX. Soul, Platonic division 01 the, *>T:I foouis, scut bu*'K into other DOUICH, »>«oo ^P1

° j ,*•

x,

Spiritual iuau, the, 9.t ' * who, 414 1MC11, WI10, 2 i O Spirits, i-iSSfiy oil, .iJt>

Spucen, its cause, 348 *" 1 tiry-cut leiLLis, 2to to

J

,

c tip s,

t

scl Or, ooUu Uu counsel , otone, tools tools or, 202 ZUZ Stone, , Stonehenge, Mason's m a r k at, 387 DllCliS, a^King

Thor s h a m m e r , JOG, 403 j. nunuei ooii, ceu, zvi> Tikkun, universal type, .i4 Timomy, i j j , loieration, anciem, ^ T o m b of a Koman Empress, 192 LI tc'lHUI Clr*Ui US, L • , 1 J. ty J i.l Ll JLombs, talismans found in, oi1 j.ortmcs, the J.wcive, 127 ii Tower of 13aucJ, 382 of Silence, 137 j.o\\ nicy taiini iu , t t», Trades-union Hides, medaeval, o b . j

Transposaition n

e LILTS,

DLUK.(_.ljj s LllcUiy, i ) t i

Sufi, the Persian, 414 Sun, invoked, ^ u o and M o o n , tncir names used as tailblliullb, ZoCj ~o l -' u ; various types of, 6LL Suttee, monument of a, 185 Sicastika, mendicants' badge, 390 Symbol, l^mblem, ooO iji/TUuoi/d of bronze, ooo S y m u u n c i i 0 u r c b , expressiiij., dociinica, 2uo Syiiiooiisin, u o 0 n i . ttuun u , t&i tsyrobols, transmission of, *tZo Syrian influence on niedisoval Imirope, 417 TABOR, I j l g l l t 01, oUU

Talismanic conversions, 277 Talismans, material of, 275 Taraka's penances, 153 Tat and o«£, .267 J.au, the J^gyptian, I U Z , n z , 401J Tauiooona, io-± Temllars, accusations against, 401 , cause of their ruin, 420 , grades of, ti1 i lie ix aaiiM in o J t i tlie i i M in, , bUppiLOOl

,to •b.

Temple-church, symbolism of the, -±tu Ion, a sacred number, 30.1 Terbintnus, i o .leriiiiiiaii, io7 Tetragramniaton, talismanic, 4-U j_neogony, the 0iades in the ixiiosiiC) 341 j.neosebius, zoo Thales, doctrine of, 224

J.II1UI, L CUIciU, iiepLili. ,

\

yl

ol4 p

,

nianofie, xtosicruciciii, 315 o * L » xiosicrucidii lnkasa, Cerberus, J o b .trinity, n^yptia-i, 3 , the Hindoo, 2G9 j.ruth, how neuron, zoo , Jvcvclation of, 2 c b U D D E R - S H A P E D B O W L , 111

Ulysses and the Syrens, ISO Ulysses visit to Hades, 10.) Uninitiated, their future state, «5o± Universal ^Nature typified, 446 yji, 417 religion, D , idea of, uuncrse, ic-absorption of, O _ J W

, L^ p i i i c u

y k.u ap , ->

Uterine amulet, oOU VAL.ENTINUS, Z i l , his system, 2 0 0 Valentinian Sacraments, 141 ' Vultus Triformis,' 395 ' Varancs,' derived, 273 v use, the Bapnonietic, iu.> 'Vase of Sins, 111 v eiannii, t>>yo Venus Ainulyoinene, 287 Verulamium, spells found at, 339 , scrolls found at, 3GO Vesture, the shining, of J e s i u . , tsuo ' Vibies abreptio,' 182 Victory-stones, Runic, 212 Vienna Cabinet, g e m s of l ILL, 2 ib Virgil, on spells, 281 Virgus Copa Synsca, l o t Virgm of J_JI 0 IIL, O J I

VISLOIUI s magic scroll, 3;io

"2 H

40(>

INDEX.

Vishnu's Foot, 270 Von Hummer on Tortures, 128 s theory, 403 Vow LIS, cne seven, yj.t vowels, shrouding sniouuinor tnc ' iTriat Great Name,* ^Name. Vowels, 315

W A T E R , the First Principle, 224 t tlBUdLipi, o | iirttlCUS, tA-k

W cbtminster Hall, Masons Marks White stone, St. John's, 129 T\ 1IK1S, l l l l K l O O , Zl)D

w lugcu Foot, the, is.) Wisdom of Egypt, 278 Wisdom of the J^gyptians, 437 i> isiiom, the Jrower, O.JO >V lsdom, JoUOIlK B C d C l , G v\ , Woes, denounced, O J S Wolf of Serapis, 160 Wrood's Serapis, 312 >\ *\ oru, ord, tuo tine. 2.*YL

,

Words of ppow ° " ^r» creation of, 132 u onus, the four, ot>

,

ifuntieiiherZ) specus at St. Aiuans, T-ZO Wren establishes Freemasonry, 391, 422 X E R X E S , lUlnopian troop of, 203 , sacrifice of his nephews, loo X.P.fe. on coffer, 396 YAMA, .Lord of Hell, IGo , and Serapis, 270 putra, Hades, 71 Yang, Cliinese symbol, 391 Year, how typified, 179^ Yellow jasper, talismanic, 132 Yoni, Hindoo, 111 York, Mitliraic Tablet at, 136 /I./I,ZI. on bar, 218

Zarmanes Chagan, 54 /jeiiuavesta, analysis of the, 2.9 Zenodorus, his colossus of Mercury, 430 Zodiac, mystic sense of the, 346 Zodiacal gems, frequency of, 132 ijora.s, oiJ Ajords, 349 iiUruaaLLr, a lidciriau, 272 Zoroastnan Augelolopry,!) U III L i l l , lit lot I 1(11,

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