CHAPTER 15 BLOOD
AND
FREEDOM (1863 – 1867)
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Gettysburg Address – Lincoln was attempting to shift the purpose of the war from Union for Union’s sake to Union for freedom’s sake. He sought to salvage something from the deaths of the 50,000 men at Gettysburg. Democratic newspapers rebuked Lincoln for his claim, arguing that white soldiers had “too much self-respect to declare that Negroes were their equals.” But other Northerners accepted Lincoln’s exhortation as the definition of their purpose. They might not believe that blacks deserve to be included as full participants in a government of, by, and for “the people,” but they did believe that the Union fought for liberty broadly conceived. William T. Sherman – Union General under Ulysses S. Grand. Issued Special Field Order No. 15 Andrew Johnson – The 17th President of the U.S. (1865 – 1869). He succeeded the assassinated Abraham Lincoln as President. His administration was marked by reconstruction policies in the South and the purchase of Alaska. An attempt to unseat Secretary of War Edwin Stanton led to Johnson’s impeachment on purely political charges brought by Republican senators. Emancipation – Freedom of the slaves Special Field Order 15 – Issued by William T. Sherman in January of 1865, this order reserved land in coastal South Carolina, Georgia and Florida for former slaves. Those who settled on the land would receive forty-acre plots Thirteenth Amendment – Passed in 1865. Constitutional amendment abolishing slavery forever Appomattox –
CHAPTER 15 BLOOD
AND
FREEDOM (1863 – 1867)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------John Wilkes Booth – A failed actor and Southern Sympathizer who assassinated Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865 Freedmen’s Bureau – A federal agency created in 1865 to supervise newly freed people. It oversaw relations between whites and blacks in the South, issued food rations, and supervised labor contracts. Black Codes – Laws for controlling the former slaves. Southern white legislatures granted only the barest minimum of rights to black people: a)the right to marry, b) to hold property c) to sue and be sued Radical Republicans – Ku Klux Klan – Reconstruction Act – Impeachment – The act of charging a public official with misconduct in office