Kertas 2
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Section A [ 60 marks ] Answer all questions from this section. 1.
Diagram 1.1 shows a different phases of cell cycle. The phases A consists of 3 phases, X, Y and Z. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan fasa-fasa berbeza dalam satu kitar sel. Fasa A terdiri daripada 3 fasa, X, Y dan Z. Phase A
X Y phase C
Z phase B
Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1 (a) (i) Name phase A. Namakan fasa A. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii) State what happen in the subphases X, Y and Z. Nyatakan apa yang berlaku dalam subfasa X, Y dan Z. Subphase X:……………………………………………………………………………… Subphase Y:……………………………………………………………………………… Subphase Z:……………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]
Diagram 1.2 Rajah 1.2 4551/2 Aug. / Sept. 2007
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(b) (i ). Diagram 1.2 shows an animal cell in a certain stage of phase B. In the box provided below, draw a diagram to show the structure of the cell in the next stage of phase B. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan satu sel haiwan dalam satu peringkat tertentu fasa B. Dalam kotak di bawah, lukis rajah menunjukkan struktur sel itu dalam peringkat berikutnya bagi fasa B.
[2 marks] (ii ) Describe the behavior of chromosomes in the diagram that you have drawn. Huraikan kelakuan kromosom dalam rajah yang anda lukiskan itu. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks] (c) Compare phase C of an animal cell and a plant cell. Bandingkan fasa C bagi satu sel haiwan dan satu sel tumbuhan. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] (d) Cancer is a genetic disease cause by uncontrolled mitosis. Kanser adalah satu penyakit genetik yang disebabkan oleh mitosis yang tidak terkawal. (i ) What is the cancer cell? Apakah sel kanser? ………………….………………………………………………………………………….. ………………….………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (ii) Describe how cancer cell is formed. Huraikan bagaimana sel kanser terbentuk. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] 4551/2 Aug. / Sept. 2007 Confidential 3 Turn over
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Figure 3 shows vertebral column of a human. P, Q and R are three types of vertebrae. Rajah 3 menunjukkan turus vertebra manusia. P, Q dan R adalah tiga jenis vertebra.
P
Q
Anterior view of vertebra P Pandangan anterior vertebra P K
R 3(B) 3(A) Figure 3 Rajah 3 (a)
Name the vertebrae P, Q and R. Namakan vertebra-vertebra P, Q dan R. P:………………………………………………………………………………………… Q:…………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)
(c)
R:…………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 2 marks ] Draw the anterior view of the vertebra P in the box adjacent to the vertebral column in Figure 3. Lukiskan pandangan anterior vertebra P dalam kotak yang bersebelahan dengan turus vertebra dalam Rajah 3. [ 2 marks ] (i) Based on Figure 3B, state one function of the vertebra. Berdasarkan Rajah 3B, nyatakan satu fungsi bagi vertebra yang ditunjukkan itu. …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ]
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(ii) Describe the role of the structure K in a reflex action. Huraikan peranan struktur K dalam satu tindakan pantulan. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d)
……………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 2 marks ] Explain how the structure of the vertebral column of a man helps to facilitate his movement. Terangkan bagaimana struktur turus vertebra manusia membantu memudahkan pergerakannya. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(e)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 3 marks ] Explain why body posture should be in a proper position when raising a heavy object.
Terangkan mengapa postur badan perlu berada dalam posisi yang betul semasa mengangkat objek yang berat. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
3,
………………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 2 marks ] Diagram 3 shows part of a fish gill. Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada insang ikan.
X:
Y:
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Diagram 3 Rajah 3 5
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(a) Label the structures X and Y in the boxes given. Labelkan bahagian X dan Y dalam kotak yang diberikan [ 2 marks ] (b) (i) The structure Y consists of numerous projections. Draw and label a magnified longitudinal section of structure Y to show the projections. Bahagian Y mempunyai banyak unjuran-unjuran . Lukis dan labelkan keratan menegak struktur Y yang telah dibesarkan bagi menunjukkan unjuran-unjuran itu
[ 2 marks ] (ii) State the process which occurs at the projections. Nyatakan proses yang berlaku di unjuran-unjuran itu. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ] (iii) Explain two structural adaptations which can be found at the projections which enable the process in (b) (ii) occurs more efficiently. Terangkan dua penyesuaian struktur yang terdapat pada unjuran itu supaya proses di (b) (ii) dapat dijalankan dengan lebih berkesan. ….…………………………………………………………………………………………. ….…………………………………………………………………………………………. ….…………………………………………………………………………………………. ….…………………………………………………………………………………………. .............................................................................................................................................. [ 4 marks ] (c) Table 3 shows the results of a study on the rate at which a gold fish opens and closes its mouth at different water temperatures. Jadual 3 menunjukkan hasil satu kajian ke atas kadar pembukaan mulut seekor ikan emas pada suhu air yang berlainan. 4551/2 Aug. / Sept. 2007
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Temperature Suhu / 0C 4 6 8 10 12 14
Number of mouth openings per minute. Bilangan kali membuka dan menutup mulut per minit 26 57 85 92 98 104 TABLE 3 JADUAL 3
(i) State the relationship between the water temperatures and the number of mouth openings per minute. Nyatakan hubungan antara suhu air dengan bilangan kali pembukaan mulut per minit bagi ikan emas. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark ] (ii) Explain the relationship in (c) (i). Terangkan hubungan di (c) (i). .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. [ 2 marks
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Figure 4 shows prenatal development of a human embryo. Rajah 4 menunjukkan perkembangan pranatal bagi embrio manusia.
Sebahagian R
FIGURE 4 RAJAH 4 (a)
(i) Name the structures labelled R, S and T in Figure 4. Namakan struktur-struktur yangb berlabel R,S T dan U dalam Rajah 4. R:…………………………………………………………………………………………. S:………………………………………………………………………………………….. T:…………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 3 marks ] (ii) State the function of P, Q and T. Nyatakan fungsi bagi P, Q dan T. The function of P:……………………………………………………………………………… Fungsi P: ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. The function of Q:……………………………………………………………………………… Fungsi Q: ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. The function of T;………………………………………………………………………………. Fungsi T: ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 3 mark ]
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(b)
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Explain the importance of the structure R in the growth of the embryo. Terangkan kepentingan struktur R dalam pertumbuhan embrio. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c)
(d)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………... [ 2 marks ] In the space provided below, draw the structure of a part of R as indicated in the Figure 4. In your diagram , draw arrows to show the movement of nutrients, urea and respiratory gases . Dalam ruangan yang disediakan di bawah, lukis sebahagian struktur R sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4. Dalam gambarajah kamu, lukiskan anak panah untuk menunjukkan pergerakan nutrien, urea dan gas respirasi.
[2 marks ] If a mother is a drug addict, there is a tendency for the baby to be a drug addict as well. Explain. Jika ibu adalah seorang penagih dadah , bayi yang dilahirkan juga berkecenderungan menjadi penagih dadah. Terangkan.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks ]
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Diagram 5 shows part of a nitrogen cycle. Rajah 5 menunjukkan sebahagian kitar nitrogen. Nitrogen in the atmosphere DIAGRAM 4 Nitrogen dalam atmosfera
Organism R Organisma R
Nitrogen fixation by microorganisms in plant P Pengikatan nitrogen oleh mikroorganisma dalam tumbuhan P
Substance Q Bahan Q Nitrogenous compounds in plants Sebatian nitrogen dalam tumbuhan
Nitrites Nitrit
Process Y Proses Y Ammonium compounds Sebatian ammonium
Nitrogenous compounds in animals Sebatian nitrogen dalam haiwan DIAGRAM 5 RAJAH 5
a) Name P, Q and R Namakan P, Q dan R. P: ......................................................................................................................................................... Q: ........................................................................................................................................................ R: ........................................................................................................................................................ [3marks] (b) (i ) Name the microorganism that is involved in the nitrogen cycle and lives in plant P. Namakan mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam kitar nitrogen dan tinggal dalam tumbuhan P. 4551/2 Aug. / Sept. 2007
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...................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 markah] (ii) Besides nitrogen fixation by microorganisms, name a natural phenomenon which is also able to convert nitrogen in the atmosphere to substance Q. Selain daripada pengikatan nitrogen oleh mikroorganisma, namakan satu fenomena semulajadi yang boleh menukarkan nitrogen dalam atmosfera kepada bahan Q. ....................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 markah] (c) Microorganisms are involved in process Y. Mikroorganisma terlibat dalam proses Y. (i) Name one type of microorganism which is involved in process Y. Namakan sejenis mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam proses Y. ................................................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark] (ii) Explain the role of the microorganism in ( c)(i) Terangkan peranan mikroorganisma dalam (c)(i) ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks] (d) Explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects the growth of the plants. Terangkan bagaimana kekurangan Q dalam tanah memberi kesan terhadap pertumbuhan tumbuhan. ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks]
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Section B [ 20 marks ] Answer any one question from this section. 6.
Milk is the only food in a babies diet. Milk is digested and absorbed in the digestive tract. Susu adalah satu-satunya makanan dalam gizi seorang bayi, susu dicerna dan diserap di dalam saluran pencernaan.
(a)
Describe what happens on milk in the digestive system. Huraikan apakah yang berlaku ke atas susu itu dalam sistem pencernaan.
(b)(i)
(ii)
[10 marks] Explain three structural adaptation of small intestine for effective absorption of food. Terangkan tiga penyesuaian struktur pada usus kecil bagi penyerapan makanan yang berkesan. [6 marks] Describe what happens to the products of milk digestion after they are absorbed in the small intestine. Huraikan apa yang berlaku kepada hasil pencernaan susu setelah diserap ke dalam usus kecil. [4 marks]
7. (a) Graph in Diagram 3 shows the relationship between the body temperature and the external temperature for a lizard and a mammal, such as human. Graf 3 menunjukkan hubungan antara suhu badan dengan suhu luar bagi seekor cicak dan mamalia, contohnya manusia. m a m a l ia
suhu badan
c ic a k
s u h u lu a r
Diagram 3 Rajah 3 (i) Explain the changes of lizard’s body temperature when the external temperature drops from 20 0C to 10 0C. Terangkan perubahan suhu badan bagi cicak semasa suhu luar jatuh dari 20 0C ke 10 0C. [ 2 marks ] 4551/2 Aug. / Sept. 2007
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(ii) Explain how human able to maintain the body temperature, even though the external temperature has dropped. Terangkan bagaimana manusia dapat mengekalkan suhu badan walaupun berlaku penurunan suhu di luar badannya. [ 8 marks ] (b)
Individual X found that his heart was beating faster after he had just completed a 100 m race. Individu X mendapati jantungnya telah berdenyut bertambah lebih cepat selepas tamat larian 100 m.
Individual Y found that his heart was beating faster when he was watching a horror movie on TV. Individu Y mendapati jantungnya telah berdenyut bertambah lebih cepat semasa sedang menonton cerita seram di TV.
Explain the above cases based on the activities that they were carrying out and the physiological processes which were taking place in their bodies. Terangkan kedua-dua kes di atas berdasarkan aktiviti yang mereka lakukan serta proses fisiologi yang berlaku dalam badan mereka [ 10 marks ]
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Section C [ 20 marks ] Answer any one question from this section. 8 (a) Figure 8 shows a fertilizer factory and a farm located in a certain residential areas. The residents in the area complains that the iron grills at their doors and windows have become rusty ever since the factory started its operation. The nearby river which was once clear and unpolluted, is now richly covered with algae. Rajah 8 menunjukkan sebuah kilang baja dan satu ladang ternakan yang terletak dalam satu kawasan kediaman manusia. Penduduk di kawasan itu mengadu bahawa jerejak besi pintu dan tingkap rumah mereka telah berkarat sejak kilang itu mula beroperasi. Sebatang sungai yang berhampiran , dahulunya air bersih dan tidak tercemar, sekarang dipenuhi dengan alga.
FIGURE 9 RAJAH 9 Explain how the problems are created in the area . Terangkan bagaimana masalah-masalah tersebut terjadi di kawasan itu.. [10 marks] Figure 10 shows evidences of development, urbanization and industrial practices. Development of modern infrastructures and large indusries require space. Forests have to be cleared to give way to new industrial areas and housing estates. Rajah 10 menunjukkan bukti-bukti pembangunan , urbanisasi dan aktiviti-aktiviti perkilangan. Pembinaan infrastruktur moden dan industri yang besar memerlukan ruang. Hutan perlu di cerahkan untuk memberi laluan kepada kawasan industri dan kawasan perumahan baru.
FIGURE 10 RAJAH 10 4551/2 Aug. / Sept. 2007
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Justify the effect of such activities based on the following aspects: • Biodiversity of plants and animals • Effect on weather globally • Air quality Bincangkan kebaikan dan keburukan aktiviti-aktiviti tersebut berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut: • Biokepelbagaian tumbuhan dan haiwan • Kesan ke atas cuaca secara global • Kualiti udara [10 marks ] 9 (a) Diagram 9 shows the blood groups of a married couple, Encik Ahmad and Puan and their children. Rajah 9 menunjukkan kumpulan darah bagi pasangan suami isteri Encik Ahmad dan Puan Amalina serta anak-anaknya.
Amalina
Parents Ibu bapa
E En Ahmad Blood group A Kumpulan darah A darahBloogroup A
EPn Amalina Blood group B Kumpulan darah B Blood group A
0ffspring Anak
blood group 0 kumpulan darah O
blood group 0 kumpulan darah O
blood group 0 kumpulan darah O
blood group AB kumpulann darah AB
Diagram 9 Rajah 9 Diagram 9 shows the variation of blood groups in En Ahmad’s family. Explain why there is a variation in blood groups of the offspring. Rajah 9 menunjukkan variasi kumpulan darah dalam keluarga En Ahmad. Terangkan mengapa adanya variasi dalam kumpulan darah anak-anaknya. [ 10 marks] (b) Genetic engineering is widely used in the field of agriculture and medicine. Justify the impact of genetic engineering on humans and the environment. Kejuruteraan genetik digunakan secara meluas dalam bidang pertanian dan perubatan. Beri wajaran tentang impak kejuruteraan genetik terhadap manusia dan persekitaran. [ 10 marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER 4551/2 Aug. / Sept. 2007
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Section A [ 60 marks ] Answer all questions from this section. 1.
Diagram 1.1 shows a different phases of cell cycle. The phases A consists of 3 phases, X, Y and Z. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan fasa-fasa berbeza dalam satu kitar sel. Fasa A terdiri daripada 3 fasa, X, Y dan Z. Phase A
X Y phase C
Z phase B
Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1 (a) (i) Name phase A. Namakan fasa A. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii) State what happen in the subphases X, Y and Z. Nyatakan apa yang berlaku dalam subfasa X, Y dan Z. Subphase X:……………………………………………………………………………… Subphase Y:……………………………………………………………………………… Subphase Z:……………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]
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(b) (i ). Diagram 1.2 shows an animal cell in a certain stage of phase B. In the box provided below, draw a diagram to show the structure of the cell in the next stage of phase B. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan satu sel haiwan dalam satu peringkat tertentu fasa B. Dalam kotak di bawah, lukis rajah menunjukkan struktur sel itu dalam peringkat berikutnya bagi fasa B.
[2 marks] (ii ) Describe the behavior of chromosomes in the diagram that you have drawn. Huraikan kelakuan kromosom dalam rajah yang anda lukiskan itu. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks] (c) Compare phase C of an animal cell and a plant cell. Bandingkan fasa C bagi satu sel haiwan dan satu sel tumbuhan. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] (d) Cancer is a genetic disease cause by uncontrolled mitosis. Kanser adalah satu penyakit genetik yang disebabkan oleh mitosis yang tidak terkawal. (i ) What is the cancer cell? Apakah sel kanser? ………………….………………………………………………………………………….. ………………….………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (ii) Describe how cancer cell is formed. Huraikan bagaimana sel kanser terbentuk. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] 4551/2 Aug. / Sept. 2007 Confidential 3 Turn over
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Figure 3 shows vertebral column of a human. P, Q and R are three types of vertebrae. Rajah 3 menunjukkan turus vertebra manusia. P, Q dan R adalah tiga jenis vertebra.
P
Q
Anterior view of vertebra P Pandangan anterior vertebra P K
R 3(B) 3(A) Figure 3 Rajah 3 (a)
Name the vertebrae P, Q and R. Namakan vertebra-vertebra P, Q dan R. P:………………………………………………………………………………………… Q:…………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)
(c)
R:…………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 2 marks ] Draw the anterior view of the vertebra P in the box adjacent to the vertebral column in Figure 3. Lukiskan pandangan anterior vertebra P dalam kotak yang bersebelahan dengan turus vertebra dalam Rajah 3. [ 2 marks ] (i) Based on Figure 3B, state one function of the vertebra. Berdasarkan Rajah 3B, nyatakan satu fungsi bagi vertebra yang ditunjukkan itu. …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ]
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(ii) Describe the role of the structure K in a reflex action. Huraikan peranan struktur K dalam satu tindakan pantulan. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………….
(d)
……………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 2 marks ] Explain how the structure of the vertebral column of a man helps to facilitate his movement. Terangkan bagaimana struktur turus vertebra manusia membantu memudahkan pergerakannya. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(e)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 3 marks ] Explain why body posture should be in a proper position when raising a heavy object.
Terangkan mengapa postur badan perlu berada dalam posisi yang betul semasa mengangkat objek yang berat. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
3,
………………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 2 marks ] Diagram 3 shows part of a fish gill. Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada insang ikan.
X:
Y:
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Diagram 3 Rajah 3 5
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(a) Label the structures X and Y in the boxes given. Labelkan bahagian X dan Y dalam kotak yang diberikan [ 2 marks ] (b) (i) The structure Y consists of numerous projections. Draw and label a magnified longitudinal section of structure Y to show the projections. Bahagian Y mempunyai banyak unjuran-unjuran . Lukis dan labelkan keratan menegak struktur Y yang telah dibesarkan bagi menunjukkan unjuran-unjuran itu
[ 2 marks ] (ii) State the process which occurs at the projections. Nyatakan proses yang berlaku di unjuran-unjuran itu. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ] (iii) Explain two structural adaptations which can be found at the projections which enable the process in (b) (ii) occurs more efficiently. Terangkan dua penyesuaian struktur yang terdapat pada unjuran itu supaya proses di (b) (ii) dapat dijalankan dengan lebih berkesan. ….…………………………………………………………………………………………. ….…………………………………………………………………………………………. ….…………………………………………………………………………………………. ….…………………………………………………………………………………………. .............................................................................................................................................. [ 4 marks ] (c) Table 3 shows the results of a study on the rate at which a gold fish opens and closes its mouth at different water temperatures. Jadual 3 menunjukkan hasil satu kajian ke atas kadar pembukaan mulut seekor ikan emas pada suhu air yang berlainan. 4551/2 Aug. / Sept. 2007
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Temperature Suhu / 0C 4 6 8 10 12 14
Number of mouth openings per minute. Bilangan kali membuka dan menutup mulut per minit 26 57 85 92 98 104 TABLE 3 JADUAL 3
(i) State the relationship between the water temperatures and the number of mouth openings per minute. Nyatakan hubungan antara suhu air dengan bilangan kali pembukaan mulut per minit bagi ikan emas. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark ] (ii) Explain the relationship in (c) (i). Terangkan hubungan di (c) (i). .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. [ 2 marks
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Figure 4 shows prenatal development of a human embryo. Rajah 4 menunjukkan perkembangan pranatal bagi embrio manusia.
Sebahagian R
FIGURE 4 RAJAH 4 (a)
(i) Name the structures labelled R, S and T in Figure 4. Namakan struktur-struktur yangb berlabel R,S T dan U dalam Rajah 4. R:…………………………………………………………………………………………. S:………………………………………………………………………………………….. T:…………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 3 marks ] (ii) State the function of P, Q and T. Nyatakan fungsi bagi P, Q dan T. The function of P:……………………………………………………………………………… Fungsi P: ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. The function of Q:……………………………………………………………………………… Fungsi Q: ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. The function of T;………………………………………………………………………………. Fungsi T: ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 3 mark ]
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Explain the importance of the structure R in the growth of the embryo. Terangkan kepentingan struktur R dalam pertumbuhan embrio. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c)
(d)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………... [ 2 marks ] In the space provided below, draw the structure of a part of R as indicated in the Figure 4. In your diagram , draw arrows to show the movement of nutrients, urea and respiratory gases . Dalam ruangan yang disediakan di bawah, lukis sebahagian struktur R sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4. Dalam gambarajah kamu, lukiskan anak panah untuk menunjukkan pergerakan nutrien, urea dan gas respirasi.
[2 marks ] If a mother is a drug addict, there is a tendency for the baby to be a drug addict as well. Explain. Jika ibu adalah seorang penagih dadah , bayi yang dilahirkan juga berkecenderungan menjadi penagih dadah. Terangkan.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks ]
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Diagram 5 shows part of a nitrogen cycle. Rajah 5 menunjukkan sebahagian kitar nitrogen. Nitrogen in the atmosphere DIAGRAM 4 Nitrogen dalam atmosfera
Organism R Organisma R
Nitrogen fixation by microorganisms in plant P Pengikatan nitrogen oleh mikroorganisma dalam tumbuhan P
Substance Q Bahan Q Nitrogenous compounds in plants Sebatian nitrogen dalam tumbuhan
Nitrites Nitrit
Process Y Proses Y Ammonium compounds Sebatian ammonium
Nitrogenous compounds in animals Sebatian nitrogen dalam haiwan DIAGRAM 5 RAJAH 5
a) Name P, Q and R Namakan P, Q dan R. P: ......................................................................................................................................................... Q: ........................................................................................................................................................ R: ........................................................................................................................................................ [3marks] (b) (i ) Name the microorganism that is involved in the nitrogen cycle and lives in plant P. Namakan mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam kitar nitrogen dan tinggal dalam tumbuhan P. 4551/2 Aug. / Sept. 2007
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...................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 markah] (ii) Besides nitrogen fixation by microorganisms, name a natural phenomenon which is also able to convert nitrogen in the atmosphere to substance Q. Selain daripada pengikatan nitrogen oleh mikroorganisma, namakan satu fenomena semulajadi yang boleh menukarkan nitrogen dalam atmosfera kepada bahan Q. ....................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 markah] (c) Microorganisms are involved in process Y. Mikroorganisma terlibat dalam proses Y. (i) Name one type of microorganism which is involved in process Y. Namakan sejenis mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam proses Y. ................................................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark] (ii) Explain the role of the microorganism in ( c)(i) Terangkan peranan mikroorganisma dalam (c)(i) ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks] (d) Explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects the growth of the plants. Terangkan bagaimana kekurangan Q dalam tanah memberi kesan terhadap pertumbuhan tumbuhan. ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks]
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Section B [ 20 marks ] Answer any one question from this section. 6.
Milk is the only food in a babies diet. Milk is digested and absorbed in the digestive tract. Susu adalah satu-satunya makanan dalam gizi seorang bayi, susu dicerna dan diserap di dalam saluran pencernaan.
(a)
Describe what happens on milk in the digestive system. Huraikan apakah yang berlaku ke atas susu itu dalam sistem pencernaan.
(b)(i)
(ii)
[10 marks] Explain three structural adaptation of small intestine for effective absorption of food. Terangkan tiga penyesuaian struktur pada usus kecil bagi penyerapan makanan yang berkesan. [6 marks] Describe what happens to the products of milk digestion after they are absorbed in the small intestine. Huraikan apa yang berlaku kepada hasil pencernaan susu setelah diserap ke dalam usus kecil. [4 marks]
7. (a) Graph in Diagram 3 shows the relationship between the body temperature and the external temperature for a lizard and a mammal, such as human. Graf 3 menunjukkan hubungan antara suhu badan dengan suhu luar bagi seekor cicak dan mamalia, contohnya manusia. m a m a l ia
suhu badan
c ic a k
s u h u lu a r
Diagram 3 Rajah 3 (i) Explain the changes of lizard’s body temperature when the external temperature drops from 20 0C to 10 0C. Terangkan perubahan suhu badan bagi cicak semasa suhu luar jatuh dari 20 0C ke 10 0C. [ 2 marks ] 4551/2 Aug. / Sept. 2007
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(ii) Explain how human able to maintain the body temperature, even though the external temperature has dropped. Terangkan bagaimana manusia dapat mengekalkan suhu badan walaupun berlaku penurunan suhu di luar badannya. [ 8 marks ] (b)
Individual X found that his heart was beating faster after he had just completed a 100 m race. Individu X mendapati jantungnya telah berdenyut bertambah lebih cepat selepas tamat larian 100 m.
Individual Y found that his heart was beating faster when he was watching a horror movie on TV. Individu Y mendapati jantungnya telah berdenyut bertambah lebih cepat semasa sedang menonton cerita seram di TV.
Explain the above cases based on the activities that they were carrying out and the physiological processes which were taking place in their bodies. Terangkan kedua-dua kes di atas berdasarkan aktiviti yang mereka lakukan serta proses fisiologi yang berlaku dalam badan mereka [ 10 marks ]
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Section C [ 20 marks ] Answer any one question from this section. 8 (a) Figure 8 shows a fertilizer factory and a farm located in a certain residential areas. The residents in the area complains that the iron grills at their doors and windows have become rusty ever since the factory started its operation. The nearby river which was once clear and unpolluted, is now richly covered with algae. Rajah 8 menunjukkan sebuah kilang baja dan satu ladang ternakan yang terletak dalam satu kawasan kediaman manusia. Penduduk di kawasan itu mengadu bahawa jerejak besi pintu dan tingkap rumah mereka telah berkarat sejak kilang itu mula beroperasi. Sebatang sungai yang berhampiran , dahulunya air bersih dan tidak tercemar, sekarang dipenuhi dengan alga.
FIGURE 9 RAJAH 9 Explain how the problems are created in the area . Terangkan bagaimana masalah-masalah tersebut terjadi di kawasan itu.. [10 marks] Figure 10 shows evidences of development, urbanization and industrial practices. Development of modern infrastructures and large indusries require space. Forests have to be cleared to give way to new industrial areas and housing estates. Rajah 10 menunjukkan bukti-bukti pembangunan , urbanisasi dan aktiviti-aktiviti perkilangan. Pembinaan infrastruktur moden dan industri yang besar memerlukan ruang. Hutan perlu di cerahkan untuk memberi laluan kepada kawasan industri dan kawasan perumahan baru.
FIGURE 10 RAJAH 10 4551/2 Aug. / Sept. 2007
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Justify the effect of such activities based on the following aspects: • Biodiversity of plants and animals • Effect on weather globally • Air quality Bincangkan kebaikan dan keburukan aktiviti-aktiviti tersebut berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut: • Biokepelbagaian tumbuhan dan haiwan • Kesan ke atas cuaca secara global • Kualiti udara [10 marks ] 9 (a) Diagram 9 shows the blood groups of a married couple, Encik Ahmad and Puan and their children. Rajah 9 menunjukkan kumpulan darah bagi pasangan suami isteri Encik Ahmad dan Puan Amalina serta anak-anaknya.
Amalina
Parents Ibu bapa
E En Ahmad Blood group A Kumpulan darah A darahBloogroup A
EPn Amalina Blood group B Kumpulan darah B Blood group A
0ffspring Anak
blood group 0 kumpulan darah O
blood group 0 kumpulan darah O
blood group 0 kumpulan darah O
blood group AB kumpulann darah AB
Diagram 9 Rajah 9 Diagram 9 shows the variation of blood groups in En Ahmad’s family. Explain why there is a variation in blood groups of the offspring. Rajah 9 menunjukkan variasi kumpulan darah dalam keluarga En Ahmad. Terangkan mengapa adanya variasi dalam kumpulan darah anak-anaknya. [ 10 marks] (b) Genetic engineering is widely used in the field of agriculture and medicine. Justify the impact of genetic engineering on humans and the environment. Kejuruteraan genetik digunakan secara meluas dalam bidang pertanian dan perubatan. Beri wajaran tentang impak kejuruteraan genetik terhadap manusia dan persekitaran. [ 10 marks] END OF QUESTION PAPER 4551/2 Aug. / Sept. 2007
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