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IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 16, Issue 5 Ver. VIII (May. 2017), PP 05-08 www.iosrjournals.org

Study of Incidence And Risk Factors of Chalazion in Bundelkhand Region

Jitendra Kumar1,Arun Kumar Pathak2,Amit Verma3,Shweta Dwivedi4 1(Associate

Professor And Head Department Of Ophthalmology, MLB Medical College Jhansi U.P., INDIA)

2(Junior

Resident Department Of Ophthalmology, MLB Medical College Jhansi U.P., INDIA)

3(Junior

Resident Department Of Ophthalmology, MLB Medical College Jhansi U.P., INDIA)

4(Junior

Resident Department Of Ophthalmology, MLB Medical College Jhansi U.P., INDIA)

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of chalazion in bundelkhand region. This is retrospective study doneFrom SEPTEMBER 2014 to DECEMBER 2016. 30,720 patients visited our opd in this duration out of which 75pts were diagnosed as chalazion and included in the study. The overall incidence of chalazion is found to be 0.24% among the patients visiting eye opd MLB Medical College Jhansi.Out of 75 pts 24(32%) were male and 51(68%) were female. Among 24 males 16(66%) were 30 yrs or less of age and 8(34%) were more than 30 yrs of age. Among 51 females 40(78%) were 30 yrs or less of age and 11(21%) were more than 30 yrs of age. Out of 24 male 18(75%) had chalazion in upper eye lid and 6(25%) had in lower eye lid. Out of 51 females 41(80%) had chalazion in upper eye lid and 10(20%) had in lower eye lid. So incidence of chalazion seen more in upper eye lid(i.e. 77.5%).Poor lidhyagine, chronic blepharitis, rosacea,seborrheic dermatitis, high blood lipid concentration and eyelid trauma were found to be significant risk factors. The maximum incidence was seen in females(68%). As with age maximum incidence was found in age equal to or less than 30 years. Involvement of upperlid is found more than lower lid. Poor lid hygiene is found most common risk factor for development of chalazion.

Keywords: eyelid, chalazion, poor lid hyagine, chronic blepharitis.

I. Introduction A chalazion (meibomian cyst) is a sterile chronic granulomatus inflammatory lesion(lipogranuloma) of meibomian gland or some times zeis gland caused by retained sebaceous secretions [1]. Meibomian glands in the eyelid produce an oil which helps keep the eye moist. If the gland becomes blocked, the oil builds up into a cyst which looks like a small lump in the eyelid. The lump can become irritated and red and, occasionally, infected [2]. Causes may includepoor lid hygiene, seborrheicdermatitis, rosasea,chronicblepharitis, high lipid blood concentration, tuberculosis[3], viral infection, carcinoma, stress, trachoma, eyelid trauma, eyelid surgery. Generally gradually enlarging painless rounded nodule is chief complaint of the pts. The management of hordeolum is similar to that for posterior blepharitis: topical antibiotics or the combination of an antibiotic/steroid and oral doxycycline/tetracycline.

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Study Of Incidence And Risk Factors Of Chalazion In Bundelkhand Region The puncturing and drainage of an acute hordeolum is often quick and successful. Over time, the acute inflammatory phase resolves and often transitions to a chalazion. Essentially, the management of chalazion has not changed during the past 2 decades. If the lump becomes large enough to interfere with the patient’s vision or if it becomes cosmetically unacceptable, the options for treatment are either an intralesional steroid injection or an incision and curretage. The former can be successful but often requires repetition. Surgery can cause localized scarring and bruising, and the removal of the nodule may be incomplete [4]. In general, lesions requiring more than two injections should be surgically removed and monitored for squamous cell carcinoma. The seminal study on the subject indicated that more than 80% of patients experienced a resolution of the chalazion within 2.5 weeks and that more than 50% of those individuals responded to a single injection[5]. Complications of intralesional steroid injections include elevated IOP, localized depigmentation of the skin, and fat necrosis. Recently, botulinum A toxin has been suggested as a treatment for recurrent chalazion, but more work in this area is indicated[6].

II. Material And Method This retrospective cohort study was conducted in M.L.B. Medical College Hospital in the department of Ophthalmologyfrom SEPTEMBER 2014 to DECEMBER 2016. In this duration 30,720 pts visited our opd out of which 75 pts were diagnosed as chalazion and included in the study. Out of 75 pts 24 were male and 51 were female. Among 24 males 16 were 30 yrs or less of age and 8 were more than 30 yrs of age. Among 51 females 40 were 30 yrs or less of age and 11 were more than 30 yrs of age. In this study, we examined the cases of chalazion to find out independent risk factors associated with the development of chalazion and incidence of chalazion among the general population.

III. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS for windows, version 16.0). Descriptive statistics included the mean and standard deviation for numerical variables, and the percentage of different categories for categorical variables. The incidence rate of chalazion was described in simple proportion. Group comparisons were done by the chi-square (χ2) test . A logistic regression model was performed and the adjusted OR (95% CI) was obtained for the risk factors which had been shown to be significant in the univariate analysis. A probability (P) of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

IV. Results From sept 2014 to dec 2016, 30,720 pts visited our opd out of which 75(0.24%) cases were diagnosed as chalazion(table 3). Out of 75 pts 24(32%) were male and 51(68%) were female. Among 24 males 16(66%) were 30 yrs or less of age and 8(34%) were more than 30 yrs of age. Among 51 females 40(78%) were 30 yrs or less of age and 11(21%) were more than 30 yrs of age. Out of 24 male 18(75%) had chalazion in upper id and 6(25%) had in lower lid. Out of 51 females 41(80%) had chalazion in upper lid and 10(20%) had in lowere lid. So incidence of chalazion seen more in upper eye lid(i.e. 77.5%).(table 2) Poor lid hyagine, chronic blepharitis, rosacea,seborrhic dermatitis,high blood lipid concentration and eyelid trauma were found to be significant risk factors. While stress, trachoma, tuberculosis, viral infections and immunodeficiency were found nonsignificant risk factors.(table 2)

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Study Of Incidence And Risk Factors Of Chalazion In Bundelkhand Region

V. Discussion IncidencE- The incidence of chalazion is 0.24% among general population who visited to our opd however no any other study has giventhe incidence of chalazion in India. The incidence were found higher in females ( 68% ) as compared to males (32%). Maximum incidence was seen in pts less than 30 year or equal to 30 year of age (72%) because of higher level of androgenic hormones which increases seabumviscosity[7]. Hormonal influence on sebaseous secretion and viscosity can be explained by clustering during puberty and pregnancy . Maximum incidence was seen in upper lid (77.50%) because the number of meibomian glands are higher in upper lid[8]

Risk Factors - Poor Lid Hyagine- In our study poor lid hyagine is found to be a significant risk factor on the basis of history from pts. This is also supported by the fact that incidence of chalazion is more in adult females as they uses kajal and some other cosmetics frequently on eyelids. Poor lid hyagine also causes blepharitis which is also one of the cause of chalazion[9,10]. Chronic Blepharitis- Blepharitisis found as one of the common cause of chalazion in our study.Once blepharitis reaches an advanced stage, the patient’s risk of developing hordeolum and chalazion increases. Some of the most common causes of or contributors to blepharitis and the sequelae of hordeolum and chalazion include acne rosacea, hyperimmunoglobulin E (Job’s syndrome), poor ocular hygiene, and generalized seborrheicdisease [9,10]. Rosacea- Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory facial skin disease characterised by flushing episodes, erythema, papules, pustules and telangiectasia. Phymatous changes mostly of the nose, the rhinophyma, as well as inflammation of the eye and the eyelid can also be manifestations of the disease[11,12]. High Blood Lipid Concentration- high serum lipid concentration leads to hypersecreation of meibum. Meibum also get concentrated which leads to blockage of ducts of meibomian glands and meibomian gland disfunction occurred[8]. It may also leads to blepharitis which is also a risk factor for chalazion. Ocular rosacea is most likely to be of inflammatory nature, but the exact aetiology remains unclear. Blepharitis, conjunctivitis, hordeola⁄chalazia, tear film insufficiency and foreign body sensation have been described as frequent ophthalmic symptoms, while sight-threatening corneal involvement may occur in rare cases[11,12] Seborrhic Dermatitis- Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects seborrheic areas of skin. Aninflammatory response to the yeast Pityrosporumovalehas been thought to be important in the etiology of thecondition. Not very rare, especially in children, there is aseborrheicblepharitis, often misdiagnosed. It leads to seborrheicblepharitis[13]. Eyelid Trauma- Usual mechanism of trauma to eye and lid is blunt injury. Trauma disrupts the structure of eye lids. If the supportive tarsal plate is traumatised the anatomy and physiology of meibomian glands also get altered and chalazion may occure[14,15,16]. Some other risk factors- stress, trachoma, tuberculosis, viral infections and immunodeficiency were found nonsignificant risk factors in our study so it disagree with the study of LITOFF D, BALIN MW 1992 [2], BERMAN JD 1997[17].

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Study Of Incidence And Risk Factors Of Chalazion In Bundelkhand Region VI. TABLE Table 1. Ditribution of Gender Gender

Upper eye Lid

lower eye Lid

Total

Male

18

06

24

Female

41

10

51

Table 2: Association Ofrisk Factorswith Gender Risk Factors

Male(Yes)

(No)

Female(Yes)

(No)

p-value

Poor lid hygiene

06

18

26

25

0.03

Chronic blepharitis,

16

08

20

31

0.03

Rosacea,

11

13

36

15

0.04

Seborrhic

04

20

35

16

0.00

09

20

30

21

0.02

Eyelid trauma

18

06

15

36

0.00

Stress

12

12

20

31

0.37

Trachoma,

15

09

24

27

0.21

Tuberculosis,

14

10

25

26

0.45

Viral infections

09

15

21

30

0.76

Immunodeficiency

08

16

22

29

0.42

dermatitis, High

blood

lipid

concentration

# one patient exposed to more than one risk factors. Table 3: Incidence Of Chalazion

VI. Conclusion So in our study the overall incidence of chalazion is found to be 0.24% among the general population. The maximum incidence was seen in females(68%). As with age maximum incidence was found in age equal to or less than 30 years. Invovment of upperlid is found more than lower lid. Poor lid hyagine, chronic blepharitis, rosacea, seborrhic dermatitis,high blood lipid concentration and eyelid trauma were found to be significant risk factors. So with the proper lid hyagine and proper knowledge about risk factors one can save him/her from chalazion.

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Study Of Incidence And Risk Factors Of Chalazion In Bundelkhand Region References [1]. Lederman C, Miller M Hardeola and chalazia 1999;20(8):283-4. [2]. Litoff D balin MW. Ocular infection and inflammation 1992. [3]. Aoki M. ,kawana S. Bilateral chalazia of lower lid associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, actaderm vnereol.2002;82(5):386-7 [4]. Gilchrist H ,Lee G. Management of chalazion in general practice 2009,38(5);311-314 [5]. Ben Simon GJ,HuangL,NakraT,etal.Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for primary and recurrent chalazia:is it really effective? Ophthalmology.2005;112(5):913-917. [6]. KnezevicT,IvekovicR,AstalosJP,etal.Botulinum toxin A injection for primary and recurrent chalazia [published online ahead of print November 11,2008].Graefes Arch ClinExp Ophthalmol.2009;247(6):789-794. [7]. Cornell-Bell, Sullivan &Allansmith, 1985; Sullivan &Allansmith, 1986. [8]. Knop E, Knop N, Millar T, Obata H, Sullivan DA. The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the meibomian gland. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Mar 30;52(4):193878. [9]. PatteriP,SerruA,ChessaML,etal.Recurrent giant chalazia in hyperimmunoglobulin E (Job’s) syndrome.Int Ophthalmol.2009;29(5):415417. [10]. BamfordJT,GessertCE,RenierCM,etal.Childhoodstye and adult rosacea.J Am Acad Dermatol.2006;55(6):951-955. [11]. Crawford GH, Pelle MT, James WD. Rosacea: I. Etiology, pathogenesis, and subtype classification. J Am AcadDermatol 2004; 51:327–41. [12]. Oltz M, Check J. Rosacea and its ocular manifestations. Optometry 2011; 82:92–103 [13]. Bernardes TF, Bonfioli AA: Blepharitis, Seminars in Ophthalmology. 2010; 25: 79-83. [14]. Cardona ,V.D.(1985), trauma reference manual. [15]. Smith, J.F. and Nachazel, D.P.(1980),Ophthalmic nursing 1 st edition. [16]. Lawler, M.C.(1989), Common ocular injuries and disorders Part 1;acute loss of vision,journal of emergency nursing,15(1),36-43. [17]. Berman JD, Human leishmaniasis 1997;24(4):684-703.

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN : 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 16, Edisi 5 Ver. VIII ( Mei . 2017), PP 05-08 www.iosrjournals.org

Jurnal Insiden dan Faktor Risiko Chalazion di Daerah Bundelkhand Jitendra Kumar 1 , Arun Kumar Pathak 2 , Amit Verma 3 , Shweta Dwivedi 4 1

(Associate Professor And Head Department of Ophthalmology, MLB Medical College Jhansi UP, INDIA)

2

(Junior Resident Department Of Ophthalmology, MLB Medical College Jhansi UP, INDIA)

3

(Junior Resident Department Of Ophthalmology, MLB Medical College Jhansi UP, INDIA)

4

(Junior Resident Department Of Ophthalmology, MLB Medical College Jhansi UP, INDIA)

Abstrak : Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kejadian dan faktor risiko chalazion diwilayah Bundelkhand . Ini adalah penelitian retrospektif yang dilakukan pada SEPTEMBER 2014 hingga DESEMBER 2016. 30.720 pasien yang mengunjungi opd pada waktu ini di mana 75 pasien didiagnosis sebagai chalazion dan termasuk dalam penelitian. Secara keseluruhan insidensi chalazion ditemukan sekitar 0,24% di antara pasien yang mengunjungi mata opd MLB Medical College Jhansi. Dari 75 pasien 24 (32%) adalah laki-laki dan 51 (68%) adalah perempuan. Di antara 24 laki-laki 16 (66%) adalah 30 tahun atau kurang dan 8 (34%) berusia lebih dari 30 tahun. Di antara 51 wanita 40 (78%) adalah 30 tahun atau kurang dan 11 (21%) berusia lebih dari 30 tahun. Dari 24 laki-laki 18 (75%) memiliki chalazion dikelopak mata atas dan 6 (25%) memiliki chalazion dikelopak mata bawah. Dari 51 wanita 41 (80%) memiliki chalazion dikelopak mata atas dan 10 (20%) memiliki chalazion dikelopak mata bawah. Insidensi chalazion terdapat lebih banyak pada kelopak mata bagian atas (yaitu 77,5%) .kurang hygiene, blepharitis kronis, rosacea, dermatitis seboroik, konsentrasi lipid kolesterol yang tinggi dan kelainan kelopak mata merupakan faktor resiko yang sering terjadi. Insiden terbanyak terdapat pada wanita (68%). Insiden terbanyak pada usia kurang dari 30 tahun. Kejadian pada kelopak atas dijumpai lebih banyak dari pada kelopak bawah. Kebersihan kelopak yang buruk merupakan faktor risiko paling umum terjadinya chalazion. Kata kunci : kelopak mata, chalazion, hygiene kelopak yang buruk,, blepharitis kronis.

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Study Of Incidence And Risk Factors Of Chalazion In Bundelkhand Region

I. Pengantar Chalazion (kista meibom) adalah inflamasi granulomatosa kronis (lipogranuloma) dari kelenjar meibom atau beberapa kelenjar zeis yang disebabkan oleh sekresi sebasea yang tersumbat [1] .Kelenjar meibom di kelopak mata menghasilkan minyak yang membantu menjaga mata tetap lembab. Jika kelenjar tersumbat, minyak akan terbentuk menjadi kista yang terlihat seperti benjolan kecil di kelopak mata. Benjolan dapat menjadi iritasi dan merah dan, kadang-kadang, terinfeksi

[2]

. Penyebabnya mungkin termasuk- kebersihan

kelopak yang buruk, dermatitis seboroik, rosasea, blepharitis konik, konsentrasi lipid kolestrol yang tinggi, tuberkulosis

[3]

, infeksi virus, karsinoma, stres,

trauma kelopak mata, operasi kelopak mata. Biasanya pembesaran nodul bulat tanpa rasa sakit adalah keluhan utama para pasien. Manajemen hordeolum mirip dengan blefaritis posterior : antibiotik topikal atau kombinasi antibiotik / steroid dan doksisiklin oral / tetrasiklin. Melakukan Penusukan dan drainase lebih awal pada hordeolum akut sering berhasil. Pada fase inflamasi akut biasanya sembuh dan merupakan transisi untuk terjadi chalazion. Pada dasarnya, pengelolaan chalazion tidak berubah selama 2 dekade terakhir. Jika benjolan menjadi cukup besar dan mengganggu fisik pasien atau mengganggu cosmetica pilihan untuk pengobatan adalah injeksi steroid intralesi atau sayatan dan kuretase. Yang pertama bisa sukses tetapi sering membutuhkan pengulangan. Pembedahan dapat menyebabkan jaringan parut dan memar yang terlokalisir, dan pengangkatan nodul mungkin tidak lengkap [4] . Secara umum, lesi yang membutuhkan lebih dari dua suntikan harus melalui pembedahan dihapus dan dimonitor untuk karsinoma sel skuamosa. Penelitia pada subjek menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 80% pasien mengalami resolusi chalazion dalam 2,5 minggu dan lebih dari 50% dari [5] . DOI: 10.9790/0853-1605080508

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Study Of Incidence And Risk Factors Of Chalazion In Bundelkhand Region

Komplikasi injeksi steroid intralesi yaitu peningkatan TIO, depigmentasi kulit terlokalisir, dan nekrosis lemak. Baru-baru ini, botulinum A toksin telah disarankan sebagai pengobatan untuk chalazion berulang, [6] .

II. Bahan dan Metode Penelitian kohort retrospektif ini dilakukan di MLB Medical College Hospital di departemen Ophthalmology dari SEPTEMBER 2014 hingga DESEMBER 2016. Pada waktu ini 30.720 orang mengunjungi opd kami di mana 75 pasien didiagnosis sebagai chalazion dan termasuk dalam penelitian. Dari 75 pasien, 24 adalah laki-laki dan 51 adalah perempuan. Di antara 24 lakilaki 16 berusia 30 tahun atau kurang dan 8 lebih dari 30 tahun. Di antara 51 perempuan 40 berusia 30 tahun atau kurang dan 11 tahun lebih dari 30 tahun. Dalam penelitian ini, kami memeriksa kasus chalazion untuk mengetahui faktor risiko independen yang terkait dengan perkembangan chalazion dan kejadian chalazion di antara populasi umum.

III. Analisis statistic Data dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS for windows, version 16.0). Statistik deskriptif termasuk mean dan standar deviasi untuk variabel numerik, dan persentase kategori yang berbeda untuk variabel kategori. Tingkat kejadian chalazion dijelaskan dalam proporsi sederhana. Perbandingan kelompok dilakukan dengan uji chi-square (χ2). Model regresi logistik adalah dilakukan dan OR yang disesuaikan (95% CI) diperoleh untuk faktor-faktor risiko yang telah terbukti signifikan dalam analisis univariat. Probabilitas (P) kurang dari 0,05 dianggap signifikan.

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Study Of Incidence And Risk Factors Of Chalazion In Bundelkhand Region

IV. Hasil Dari September 2014 hingga Desember 2016, 30.720 orang mengunjungi opd kami di mana 75 (0,24%) kasus didiagnosis sebagai chalazion (tabel 3). Dari 75 pasien 24 (32%) adalah laki-laki dan 51 (68%) adalah perempuan. Di antara 24 laki-laki 16 (66%) berusia 30 tahun atau kurang dan 8 (34%) berusia lebih dari 30 tahun. Di antara 51 wanita 40 (78%) adalah 30 tahun atau kurang usia dan 11 (21%) berusia lebih dari 30 tahun. Dari 24 laki-laki 18 (75%) memiliki chalazion dikelopak mata atas dan 6 (25%) memiliki chalazion dikelopak mata bawah. Dari 51 wanita 41 (80%) memiliki chalazion di kelopak mata atas dan 10 (20%) memiliki chalazion dikelopak mata bawah. Jadi insidensi chalazion terlihat lebih banyak pada kelopak mata atas (yaitu 77,5%). (Tabel 2) hygiene kelopak yang buruk, blepharitis kronis, rosacea, dermatitis seboroik, konsentrasi lipid kolesterol tinggi dan trauma kelopak mata ditemukan menjadi faktor risiko yang signifikan.Sementara stres, trauma,tuberkulosis, infeksi virus dan imunodefisiensi merupakan faktor resiko yang tidak signifikan (tabel 2) V. Diskusi Insiden - Insiden chalazion adalah 0,24% di antara populasi umum yang mengunjungi opd kami namun tidak setiap penelitian telah memberikan insidensi chalazion di India. Insiden ditemukan lebih tinggi pada wanita (68% ) dibandingkan dengan laki-laki (32%). Insiden terbanyak terlihat pada angka kurang dari 30 tahun atau sama dengan 30 tahun (72%) karena kadar hormon androgenik yang lebih tinggi yang meningkatkan kekentalan sebum. [7]

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Study Of Incidence And Risk Factors Of Chalazion In Bundelkhand Region

Pengaruh hormonal pada sekresi sebasea dan kekentalan dapat dijelaskan dengan pengelompokan selama pubertas dan kehamilan. Insiden terbanyak terlihat pada kelopak atas (77,50%) karena jumlah kelenjar meibom adalah lebih tinggi di kelopak atas [8] Faktor risiko Kurang hygiene - Dalam penelitian kurang hygiene merupakan faktor risiko yang signifikan terjadinya chalazion. Ini juga didukung oleh fakta bahwa kejadian chalazion lebih sering terjadi pada wanita dewasa seperti wanita yang menggunakan kajal dan beberapa kosmetik yang digunakandi kelopak mata. kelopak mata yang kurang hygiene juga menyebabkan blepharitis yang juga salah satu penyebab chalazion [9,10] . Blepharitis kronis- Blepharitisis ditemukan sebagai salah satu penyebab umum chalazion dalam penelitian kami. Blepharitis mencapai stadium lanjut, risiko pasien mengembangkan hordeolum dan chalazion meningkat. Beberapa penyebab umum pada blepharitis yang dapat berlanjut pada hordeolum dan chalazion yaitu seperti jerawat, hyperimmunoglobulin E (sindrom Ayub), kebersihan yang buruk pada okular , dan penyakit penyakit seboroik

[9,10]

.

Rosacea- Rosacea adalah penyakit kulit kronis pada wajah yang ditandai dengan , eritema, papula, pustula dan telangiektasia. Penyebab kulit yang sering terjadi pada hidung, rhinophyma, radang mata dan kelopak mata juga merupakan salah satu inflamasi yang sering terjadi pada penyakit ini.

[11,12]

.

Konsentrasi Lipid kolesterol tinggi - konsentrasi lipid kolesterol yang tinggi menyebabkan

hipersekresi

meibum.

Meibum

mengontrol

sehingga

menyebabkan penyumbatan pada ductus kelenjar meibom sehingga terjadila disfungsi dari kelenjar[8] .

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Study Of Incidence And Risk Factors Of Chalazion In Bundelkhand Region

Hal tersebut juga menyebabkan blepharitis yang juga merupakan faktor risiko untuk chalazion. Jerawat yang terjadi dimata bisa terjadi karena inflamasi, tetapi etiologi

yang

tepat

masih

belum

jelas.

Blepharitis,

konjungtivitis,

hordeola⁄chalazia, defisiensi air mata dan sensasi benda asing dapat menjadi tanda tanda penyakit pada mata, sedangkan penyembuhan pada kornea merupakan kasus kasus yang sangat jarang.[11,12] Dermatitis Seboroik - Dermatitis seboroik adalah salah satu penyakit infeksi yang kronik yang menyerang area seboroik pada kulit. Etiologi yang dipertimbangkan tertuju pada jamur jenis Pityrosporumovale tidak jarang pada anak anak didiagnosa sebagai aseborrheicblepharitis, dan sering salah didiagnosis. Ini yang menyebabkan seboroik blepharitis [13] . Trauma Kelopak Mata – biasanya trauma pada kelopak mata disebabkan oleh trauma tumpul. Apabila tauma merusak struktur kelopak mata, anatomi dan fisiologi kelenjar meibom juga terlibat sehingga kalazion mudah terjadi.[14,15,16] . Faktor risiko lainnya - stres, trauma, tuberkulosis, infeksi virus dan imunodefisiensi merupakan faktor risiko yang belum jelas pada penelitian inidak signifikan dalam penelitian.LITOFF D, BALIN MW 1992 [2] BERMAN JD 1997 [17]

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Study Of Incidence And Risk Factors Of Chalazion In Bundelkhand Region VI. TABLE Table 1. Ditribution of Gender Jenis Kelamin

Kelopak mata atas

Kelopak mata bawah

Total

Laki-laki

18

06

24

Perempuan

41

10

51

Table 2: Association Ofrisk Factorswith Gender Faktor Resiko

Laki-laki(Yes)

(No)

perempuan(Yes)

(No)

p-value

Kelopak yang kurang

06

18

26

25

0.03

Blefaritis kronik

16

08

20

31

0.03

Rosacea,

11

13

36

15

0.04

Dermatitis seboroik

04

20

35

16

0.00

High

09

20

30

21

0.02

Trauma kelopak mata

18

06

15

36

0.00

Stress

12

12

20

31

0.37

Trauma,

15

09

24

27

0.21

Tuberculosis,

14

10

25

26

0.45

Infeksi Virus

09

15

21

30

0.76

Immunodeficiency

08

16

22

29

0.42

hygiene

blood

lipid

concentration

# one patient exposed to more than one risk factors.

Table 3: Incidence Of Chalazion

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Study Of Incidence And Risk Factors Of Chalazion In Bundelkhand Region

VI. Kesimpulan Jadi pada penelitian ini secara keseluruhan insiden chalazion ditemukan sebesar 0,24%, dari seluruh populasi.. Insiden yang paling banyak terjadi pada wanita sebanyak (68%). Dengan usia kurang dari 30 tahun kejadian kelopak mata atas lebih sering terjadi dari pada kelopak mata bawah. Faktor resiko yang paling sering ditakutkan adalah kurang hygiene pada kelopak mata, blepharitis kronis, rosacea, dermatitis seboroik, konsentrasi lipid kolesterol yang tinggi dan trauma pada kelopak mata. Jadi dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa hygiene yang tepat pada kelopak mata dan pengetahuan tentang faktor resiko dapat menyebabkan pasien terhindar dari kejadian chalazion.

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Study Of Incidence And Risk Factors Of Chalazion In Bundelkhand Region

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Study Of Incidence And Risk Factors Of Chalazion In Bundelkhand Region

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