Ix. Pathophysiology

IX. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE Non-modifiable Risk Factors:

Modifiable Risk Factors:

Age Gender Heredity

Diet Sedentary Lifestyle Nephrotoxins

Renal Blood Flow Renal Reserve Stage 1

Damage to Nephrons 50% damage More than 75% damage Renal Insufficiency

Stage 2

As nephrons are destroyed, the remaining nephrons undergo changes to compensate for those that are lost Remaining nephrons must filter more solute particles from the blood Hypertrophy of remaining nephrons Nephrons cannot tolerate the work Further damage of nephrons Renal Failure 80-90% damage

Stage 3

Impaired kidney function & Uremia Continuous decline in renal fxn. > 90% kidney damage Reduction in renal capillaries Scarring of Glomeruli Atrophy & Fibrosis of tubules Kidney mass Stage 4

End Stage Renal Dse. (ESRD) Continuous Multisystem Affectation Death