Islamic Empires

Chapter 28Islamic Empires I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI.

In 1635 Shah Jahan, the emperor of Mughal India, took his seat on the Peacock Throne Taj Mahal. Built as a tomb for Shah Jahan’s beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth in 1631 Mughal realm was not the only well-organized Islamic empire of early modern times Ottoman dynasty ruled powerful empire that expanded from its base in Anatolia to embrace much of eastern Europe, Egypt, and north Africa Safavid dynasty never expanded far beyond Persia All three Islamic empires of early modern times had Turkish ruling dynasties Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals came from nomadic, Turkish-speaking peoples of central Asia who conquered the settled agricultural lands of Anatolia, Persia, and India, respectively During sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries Islamic empires made little investment in economic and technological development By mid-eighteenth century the Safavid empire had collapsed, and Ottoman and Mughal realms were rapidly falling under European influence Formation of Islamic Empires 1. Ottoman Empire a. Ottoman empire was an unusually successful frontier state b. Ottoman derived from Osman Bey, c. founder of the dynasty that continued in unbroken succession from 1289 until the dissolution of the empire in 1923 d. Osman was chief (bey) of a band of seminomadic Turks who migrated to northwestern Anatolia in thirteenth century e. Followers sought to become ghazi, (muslim religious warriors) f. “Ghazi is in the instrument of the religion of Allah, a servant of God who purifies the earth from the filth of polytheism,; the Ghazi is the sword of God, he is the protector and the refuge of the believers” g. If he becomes a martyr in the ways of God, do not believe that he has diedh. Anatolian city of Bursa became capital of Ottoman empire i. Around 1352 they established foothold in Europe j. Ottoman military leaders initially organized ghazi recruits into two forces: a light cavalry and a volunteer infantry k. Added professional cavalry force equipped with heavy armor and financed by land grants l. Through institution known as devshirme, the Ottomans required Christian population

1289-1928 1451-1481 1453 1501-1524 1501-1722 1514 1520-1566 1526-1858 1556-1605 1588-1629 1659-1707

Ottoman dynasty Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror Ottoman conquest of Constaninople Reign of Sah Ismail Safavid dynasty Battle of Chaldiran Reign of Suleyman the Magnificent Mughal dynasty Reign of Akbar Reign of Shah Abbas the Great Reign of Aurangzeb