Islam Doubts Answers

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Ckvemw- Nne kwib§fpw adp]Snbpw F´psImWvSv "AÃmlp'? ""apkvenwIÄ {kjvSmhns\ A\y `mjbmb Ad_nbn "AÃmlp' F¶v ]dbp¶Xv F´n\mWv? Hmtcmcp¯cpw X§fpsS amXr`mjbn bpàamb t]cv \ÂInbm t]mtc, aebmfnIfmb \mw ssZhw, Cuizc³ Fs¶Ãmw hnfn¡p¶t]mse?'' {]]©hpw AXnepÅ kIeXpw krjvSn¨v kwc£n¡p¶ iànsb¡pdn¡p¶ \maamWv AÃmlp. ssZhw, Cuizc³, IÀ¯mhv, tKmUv, JpZm XpS§n B {kjvSmhns\ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯m³ GXp `mjbnse t]cpw D]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv. F¶m GI\pw enwKt`Z§Ä¡XoX\pamb B iànsb {]Xn\n[oIcn¡m³ Gähpw A\ptbmPyamb ]Zw "AÃmlp' F¶XpXs¶bmWv. Ad_n`mjbnse {]kvXpX \ma]Z¯n\v _lphN\tam enwKt`Ztam CÃ. AXn\m "AÃmlp' F¶Xn\v temI¯nsemcp `mjbnepw ]qÀWmÀY¯nepÅ ]cn`mjbnÃ. ]cn`mj km[yhpaÃ. ssZhw, tKmUv, JpZm t]mepÅhsbÃmw Ad_nbnse "Cemlv' F¶Xnsâ ]cn`mjbmWv. "AÃmlp' F¶XntâXÃ. ssZhw F¶Xn\v ssZh§Ä, tZhn F¶pw tKmUv F¶Xn\v tKmUkv, tKmUvkv F¶psams¡ {]tbmKn¡pI ]XnhmWtÃm. CXc `mjIfnse ]Z§fpsS ØnXnbpw CXpXs¶. ssZhw, Cuizc³, tKmUv t]mepÅhbv¡v "AÃmlp' F¶Xpt]mse Kuchw IÂ]n¡s¸SmdnsöXpw {it²bas{X. tImSnIfpsS DSasb "tImSoizcs\'¶pw "tKmUv Hm^v kvamÄ XnwKvkv' F¶psams¡ H«pw a\x{]bmkanÃmsX Ghcpw ]dbmdpWvStÃm. "AÃmlp' F¶Xv C¯cw {]tbmK§Ä¡pw hN\, enwKamä§Ä¡pw AXoXamb \ma]ZamWv. AXn\m {kjvSmhnsâ khntijXIsf bYmhn[n {]Xn\n[oIcn¡m³ Gähpw ]änb t]cpw AXpXs¶. temIsa§papÅ P\X¡v {kjvSmhns\ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯m³ Hcp t]cv A\nhmcyamWtÃm. AXn\v Gähpw A\ptbmPyw "AÃmlp' F¶v BbXn\memWv A´yZqX\neqsS B \maw \nÝbn¡s¸«Xv. AtXmsSm¸w \nÀWnXamb Bcm[\mIÀa§fnsemgn¨v {kjvSmhns\ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯m\pw A`nkwt_m[\ sN¿m\pw "AÃmlp' F¶pXs¶ {]tbmKn¡Wsa¶nÃ. {]mtZinI `mjIfntem temI`mjIfntem DÅ CXc t]cpIÄ D]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv.

]ctemI¯pw kwhcWtam? ""apkvenwIÄ am{Xta kzÀK¯n {]thin¡pIbpÅqsh¶tà Ckvemw ]dbp¶Xv? CXv XoÀ¯pw k¦pNnX ho£WatÃ? ]ctemI¯pw kwhcWtam?'' HcmÄ ]co£ ]mkmIWsa¶m{Kln¡p¶nÃ. ]co£¡p h¶ tNmZy§Ä¡v D¯csagpXp¶panÃ. F¦n asäs´ms¡ FgpXnbmepw ]co£bn hnPbn¡pIbnÃ. hnPbn¡psa¶v Bcpw {]Xo£n¡pIbpanÃ. A{]ImcwXs¶ tcmKw amdWsa¶v B{Kln¡p¶nÃ; tcmKia\¯n\v \nÀtZin¡s¸« acp¶v Ign¡p¶panÃ. F¶mepw tcmKw amdWsa¶v Bcpw ]dbpIbnÃtÃm. CÆn[wXs¶ kzÀKw e£yam¡msX, kzÀKe_v[n¡p \nÝbn¡s¸« amÀKahew_n¡msX Pohn¡p¶hÀ¡v kzÀKw e`n¡pIbnÃ. A¯c¡mÀ¡pw kzÀKw \ÂIWsa¶v \oXnt_m[apÅhcmcpw AhImis¸SpIbpanÃ. kzÀKw kÖ\§Ä¡pÅ ssZh¯nsâ Zm\amWv. thZ{KÙ¯n ssZhZqX·mcneqsSbmWv AÃmlp AXv hmKvZm\w sNbvXXv. AXv e`yamIm³ hyàamb amÀKw \nÝbn¨n«papWvSv. AXn\m BÀ ssZhw, kzÀKw, ssZhZqX·mÀ, thZ{KÙw XpS§nbhbn bYmhn[n hnizkn¨v kzÀKw e£yw h¨v AXn\p

\nÝbn¡s¸« hgnbneqsS k©cn¡p¶pthm AhÀ¡v kzÀKw e`n¡pw. C¡mcy¯nemtcmSpw ssZhw H«pw hnthN\w ImWn¡pIbnÃ. F¶m kzÀK¯n hnizkn¡pItbm AXv e£yw sh¡pItbm AXv hmKvZm\w sNbvX ssZhs¯bpw B Adnhp \ÂInb ssZhZqXs\bpw thZ{KÙs¯bpw AwKoIcn¡pItbm sN¿msX, AXn\p \nÝbn¡s¸« amÀKahew_n¡msX Pohn¡p¶hÀ¡v AXv e`n¡psa¶v {]Xo£n¡mhXÃ. e`n¡Wsa¶v ]dbp¶Xnsem«pw AÀYhpanÃ. AXn\menXn k¦pNnXXz¯nsâtbm kwhcW¯nsâtbm {]iv\anÃ. \njvIrjvSamb \oXnbmWv Zo£n¡s¸SpI.

AapkvenwIsfÃmw \cI¯ntem? ""apkvenw kapZmb¯n P\n¡p¶hÀ¡v ssZhs¯bpw {]hmNIs\bpw thZ{KÙs¯bpw kzÀK\cI§sfbpw kw_Ôn¨ Adnhv kzm`mhnIambpw e`n¡pw. aäpÅhÀ¡Xv In«pIbnÃ. AXn\m B Adnhv e`n¡m¯Xnsâ t]cn AX\pkcn¨v Pohn¡m³ km[n¡m¯hscms¡ \cI¯nembncn¡psa¶mtWm \n§Ä ]dbp¶Xv?'' apkvenw kapZmb¯n P\n¡pIhgn, ssZhs¯bpw ssZhnI PohnX hyhØsbbpw kw_Ôn¨ hyàamb Adnhp e`n¨ tijw AX\pkcn¨v Pohn¡m¯h³ kXy\ntj[n (Im^nÀ) bmWv. AhÀ¡v acWtijw sImSnb in£bpWvSmIpsa¶v JpÀB³ ap¶dnbn¸v \ÂInbn«pWvSv. am{XaÃ, ssZhs¯bpw ssZhnI PohnX{Ias¯bpw kw_Ôn¨v AdnhpÅhscÃmw aäpÅhsc AXdnbn¨psImSp¡m³ _m[yØcmWv. Cu _m[yX \nÀhln¨nsæn AXnsâ t]cnepw ]ctemI¯v AhÀ in£mÀlcmbncn¡pw. F¶m ssZhs¯bpw ssZhnI aXs¯bpw kw_Ôn¨v H«pw tI«dnhp t]mepanÃm¯hÀ in£n¡s¸Spsat¶m \cImhIminIfmIpsat¶m Ckvemw ]Tn¸n¡p¶nÃ. JpÀBt\m {]hmNI Ncytbm A§s\ ]dbp¶panÃ. adn¨v, Znhy ktµiw hs¶¯nbn«nÃm¯hÀ in£n¡s¸SnsömWv thZ{KÙw ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv. ]Xnt\gmw A[ymbw ]Xn\©mw hmIy¯nen§s\ ImWmw: ""BÀ k·mÀKw kzoIcn¡p¶pthm, AXhsâ Xs¶ KpW¯n\p thWvSnbmIp¶p. BÀ ZpÀamÀKnbmIp¶pthm, AXnsâ tZmjhpw Ah\pXs¶. `mcw hln¡p¶hcmcpwXs¶ CXcsâ `mcw hln¡pIbnÃ. (k·mÀKw ImWn¡m\mbn) ssZhZqX³ \ntbmKnX\mhp¶Xphsc \mamscbpw in£n¡mdpanÃ.'' AtXkabw ssZhs¯ kw_Ôn¨v tIÄ¡m¯htcm kmam\y[mcWbnÃm¯htcm DWvSmhpIbnÃ. AhÀ ssZhs¯¡pdn¨v IqSpXet\zjn¡m\pw B ssZhw hà PohnXamÀKhpw \nÝbn¨pX¶n«ptWvSm F¶v ]cntim[n¡m\pw _m[yØcmWv. A{]Imcw Xs¶ kzÀKapsWvS¶pw \nÝnX amÀK¯neqsS \o§p¶hÀt¡ AXv e`n¡pIbpÅqsh¶papÅ Imcyw tI«dnªhscms¡bpw AtX¡pdn¨v ]Tn¡m³ ISs¸«hcmWv. AXnsâ ewL\w in£mÀlamb IpäamhpI kzm`mhnIamWtÃm.

apkvenw cmPy¯n t£{X§Ä¡v A\phmZaptWvSm? atXXc\mSpIfnteXpt]msetbm IqSpXemtbm aX\yq\]£§Ä¡v CkvemanIcmjv{S¯n aXkzmX{´yapWvSmIpsa¶v Xm¦Ä AhImis¸SpIbpWvSmbtÃm? F¶m temI¯v GsX¦nepw apkvenw cmPy¯v lnµp¡Ä¡v t£{Xw \nÀan¡m³ A\phmZaptWvSm? ]mInkvXm\nepw _w¥mtZinepsaÃmw DÅhXs¶ XIÀ¡pIbtà sN¿p¶Xv?'' ]mInkvXm\pw _w¥mtZipapÄs¸sS temI¯v lnµp]uc·mcpÅ apkvenw \mSpIfnseÃmw t£{Xw \nÀan¡m\pw AhnsS Bcm[\bpw BtLmjhpw \S¯m\pw A\phmZapWvSv. `cWIqStam P\§tfm AXnsemcn¡epw Hcp \ne¡pw CSs]SmdnÃ. F¶Ã, Bhiyamb klmbklIcWw sNbvXpsImSp¡mdpapWvSv.

GXm\pw hÀjw ap¼v h¶ Hcp ]{XhmÀ¯bnen§s\ ImWmw: ""_w¥mtZinse lnµpt£{X§fpw [ÀaØm]\§fpw ]p\cp²cn¡m³ Kh¬saâv GItZiw Bdp e£w cq] A\phZn¨p. Cu Xocpam\saSp¯ \oXn\ymb hIp¸nsâbpw B[ymßnI Imcy§fpsSbpw a{´n \qdp Ckvemw, FÃm aX§fpsSbpw D¶a\¯n X§Ä XÂ]ccmsW¶dnbn¨p.''(amXr`qan 4þ10þ1985). asämcp apkvenw \mSmb Ct´mt\jysb kw_Ôn¨v BÀ.Fkv.Fkv. hmcnI tIkcn FgpXp¶p: ""FÃm hn`mK§Ä¡pw ]qÀWamb Bcm[\mkzmX{´yw \ÂIp¶ Ct´mt\jy³ `cWLS\ B cmPy¯nsâ atXXc kz`mhw hyàam¡p¶p. Ckvemw, {InkvXpaXw, _p²aXw, lnµp[Àaw XpS§nb \mep aX§Ä¡pw kÀ¡mÀ Xpeyamb AwKoImchpw t{]mÕml\hpamWv \ÂIp¶Xv. CXn\mbn kÀ¡mÀ \nb{´W¯n Hcp {]tXyI hIp¸v Xs¶bpWvSv. hnhn[ aXm\pbmbnIÄ ChnsS ]ckv]cw kvt\lt¯mSpw klhÀ¯n¯t¯mSpw IqSn Ignbp¶p''(7þ6þ1987). ]mInkvXm\n P·mjvSan, Zo]mhen t]mepÅ BtLmjZn\§fn lnµp ktlmZc§Ä¡v Acn, ]©kmc XpS§nbh {]tXyIambn A\phZn¡mdpWvSv. IqSmsX, emtlmÀ PnÃbnse AwKoIrX tImtfPpIfnepw kvIqfpIfnepw ]Tn¡p¶ \yq\]£kapZmb hnZymÀYnIÄ¡v kÀ¡mÀ kvtImfÀjn¸v \ÂInhcp¶p. emtlmdnse ss{IkvXh aXhnizmknIÄ¡v ivaim\apWvSm¡m³ Bdp e£w cq] kÀ¡mÀ klmb[\w \ÂIpIbpWvSmbn. 1992þ _m_cn akvPnZv XIÀ¡s¸«t¸mÄ ]mInkvXm\nsebpw _w¥mtZinsebpw AhnthInIfmb NneÀ t£{X§fpsS t\sc ssItbäw \S¯pIbpw tISp]mSpIÄ hcp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. At¸mÄ Ahsc XSbm\pw sslµh Bcm[\meb§Ä kwc£n¡m\pw apt¶m«p h¶Xv AhnS§fnse CkvemanI{]hÀ¯IcmWv. A¶v A¼e§Ä B{Ian¡s¸« ]Ým¯e¯n kpKXIpamcn C´ymSptUbnsegpXn: ""_m_cn akvPnZv XIÀ¯XneqsS lnµp¡Ä F´pt\Sn? AbÂ\mSpIfn F{Xtbm t£{X§Ä A{Ian¡s¸SpIbpWvSmbn. XIÀ¡s¸« ]Ån ]p\À\nÀan¨p sImSp¡mXncn¡m³ \½psS kwkvImcw \s½ A\phZn¡pIbnÃ. F¶m ssItbä§Ä¡ncbmb A¼e§fptWvSm ]p\cp²cn¡s¸Sp¶p?'' ]t£, kw`hn¨Xv adn¨mWv. H¼Xp amk¯n\Iw A{Ia§Ä¡ncbmb apgph³ t£{X§fpw ]mInkvXm\nsebpw _w¥mtZinsebpw `cWIqS§Ä ]pXp¡n¸WnXp. Cu kw`hw C´ybnse ]{X§Ä Xs¶ dnt¸mÀ«p sN¿pIbpWvSmbn. AhbpsS I«nwKpIfpw C´ymSptUbnse teJ\¯nsâ tIm¸nbpw Ab¨psImSp¯v {]XnIcWamhiys¸«psh¦nepw kpKXIpamcn adp]Sn Abbv¡m\pÅ k·\Êp t]mepw ImWn¨nÃ. ImcWw bmYmÀYyw AhÀ IW¡pIq«nbXnÂ\n¶pw \m«n {]Ncn¸n¡s¸«XnÂ\n¶pw XnI¨pw hyXykvXambncp¶p. A\y aXkaql§fpsS Bcm[yhkvXp¡sf Ahtlfn¡mt\m AhcpsS Bcm[\meb§sf ssItbäw sN¿mt\m Ckvemw Bscbpw A\phZn¡p¶nÃ. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ apkvenw\mSpIfnsehnsSbpw Bcm[\meb§Ä B{Ian¡s¸SpItbm XIÀ¡s¸SpItbm CÃ. AYhm, GsX¦nepw AhnthInIÄ A§s\ sNbvXm Ah ]p\À\nÀan¡m³ CkvemanI kaqlhpw `cWIqShpw _m[yØhpw {]XnÚm_²hpas{X.

kpIÀanIsfÃmw kzÀKmhIminIfmthWvSXtÃ? ""HcmÄ ssZh¯nepw acWm\´c PohnX¯nepsam¶pw hnizkn¡p¶nÃ. AtXkabw aZy]n¡pItbm hy`nNcn¡pItbm sN¿p¶nÃ. Bscbpw t{Zmln¡p¶nÃ. FÃmhÀ¡pw km[yamhp¶{X D]Imcw sNbvXv Pohn¡p¶p. AbmÄ¡v kzÀKw e`n¡ptam?'' GsXmcmÄ¡pw GXp Imcy¯nepw ]camh[n {ian¨v ^e{]m]vXnbnse¯nbm t]mepw AbmÄ Dt±in¨Xpw e£yw h¨Xpatà e`n¡pIbpÅq. ssZh¯nepw acWm\´c PohnX¯nepw hnizmkanÃm¯ hyàn Xn·bpt]£n¡p¶Xpw \·

{]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xpw kzÀKw e£yw h¨mbncn¡nsöXn kwibanÃ. Abmf§s\ sN¿p¶Xv kaql¯n kÂt¸cpw {]ikvXnbpw e`n¡m\mbncn¡mw. F¦n AXmWbmÄ¡v e`n¡pI. AYhm a\ÊwXr]vXn¡pw Bß\nÀhrXn¡pw thWvSnbmsW¦n AXmWpWvSmhpI. ssZh¯nsâ {]oXnbpw {]Xn^ehpw {]Xo£n¨pw e£yw h¨pw Pohn¡p¶hÀt¡ AXv e`n¡pIbpÅq. AXn\m t\cs¯ hyàam¡nb t]mse kzÀKam{Kln¨v AXn\v \nÝbn¡s¸« hgnbneqsS k©cn¡p¶htc AhnsS F¯nt¨cpIbpÅq. F¶m C¶ hyàn kzÀK¯nembncn¡pw Asæn \cI¯nembncn¡pw F¶v \ap¡v Xocpam\n¡mt\m ]dbmt\m km[yaÃ. AXv ssZh\nÝbamWv. Ah¶pw Ah³ \nÝbn¨p sImSp¡p¶ ZqX·mÀ¡pw am{Xta AXdnbpIbpÅq.

kzÀKPohnXw GXv hn[w? ""Ckvemw hn`mh\ sN¿p¶ kzÀKs¯ kw_Ôn¨ hnhcWw tI«t¸msgÃmw AXv k¼¶ kaql¯nsâ kpJkar²amb PohnX¯n\v kam\ambmW\p`hs¸«Xv. `qanbnse PohnXw t]mse¯s¶bmtWm kzÀKPohnXhpw?'' A`uXnIamb GXns\ Ipdn¨pw Adnhv e`n¡m\pÅ GI am[yaw Znhyt_m[\w am{Xas{X. AXn\m ssZhw, kzÀKw, \cIw, amemJamÀ, ]nimNp¡Ä F¶nhsb¡pdn¨v ssZhZqX·mcneqsS e`n¨ hniZoIcW§fÃmsX asäm¶pw BÀ¡pw AdnbpIbnÃ. `qanbn Pohn¡p¶ a\pjysâ ]cnanXnbnÂ\n¶psImWvSv Ah\v a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbp¶ `mjbnepw ssienbnepamWv ssZhw A`uXnI Imcy§sf kw_Ôn¨ hniZoIcWw \ÂInbXv. AXn\m kzÀKs¯¡pdn¨v hnhcn¡sh, AÃepw Ae«psam«panÃm¯ kwXr]vXhpw BËmZ`cnXhpamb PohnXamWv AhnsS DWvSmhpIsb¶ hkvXpX hyàam¡nb hnip² JpÀB³ C§s\ ]dbp¶p: ""AhnsS \n§Ä Bin¡p¶sXÃmw e`n¡pw. \n§Ä¡p thWsa¶v tXm¶p¶sXÃmw \n§fptSXmIpw.'' (41: 31) a\pjysâ kIe k¦ev]§Ä¡pw D]cnbmb kzÀKob kpJs¯ kw_Ôn¨v {]hmNI³ ]dªXv, Hcp I®pw ImWm¯Xpw Hcp ImXpw tIÄ¡m¯Xpw Hcp a\Êpw a\\w sNbvXn«nÃm¯Xpsa¶mWv. AXn\m kzÀKPohnXw GXp hn[ambncn¡psa¶v ChnsSh¨v \ap¡v IW¡pIq«pI km[yaÃ. F¶m {]bmksam«panÃm¯Xpw taml§sfms¡bpw ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸Sp¶Xpw kpJhpw kt´mjhpw kwXr]vXnbpw kam[m\hpw \ndªXpambncn¡psa¶Xn kwibanÃ.

kzÀKPohnXw aSp¡ntÃ? ""A§s\bmsW¦n AÂ]Imew Ignbpt¼mÄ kzÀKPohnXt¯mSpw aSp¸\p`hs¸SpatÃm?'' Ct¸mgpÅ am\knImhØbpsSbpw hnImchnNmc§fpsSbpw ASnØm\¯nemWv, AÂ]Imew kzÀKob kpJPohnXw \bn¡pt¼mÄ aSp¸p tXm¶psa¶v ]dbp¶Xv. `qanbn \ap¡v kt´mjhpw k´m]hpw kvt\lhpw shdp¸pw {]Xymibpw \ncmibpw Akqbbpw ]Ibpw ImcpWyhpw {IqcXbpw AXpt]mepÅ hnhn[ hnImc§fpw A\p`hs¸SmdpWvSv. F¶m kzÀK¯nse am\knImhØ Hcn¡epw CXpt]msebmInÃ. AhnsS shdpt¸m hntZzjtam Akqbtbm \ncmitbm aäp hnIe hnImc§tfm Hcn¡epw DWvSmhpIbnÃ. C¡mcyw JpÀB\pw {]hmNI hN\§fpw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. a\waSp¸v DÄs¸sS Fs´¦nepw AlnXIcamb A\p`hapWvSmhp¶ CSsamcn¡epw kzÀKamhpIbnÃ. "B{Kln¡p¶sX´pw AhnsS DWvSmIp'sa¶v (41: 31) ]dªm aSp¸nÃm¯ am\knImhØbpw AXn s]SpatÃm.

aXtaXmbmepw a\pjy³ \¶mbm t]mtc? ""aXw ssZhnIamsW¦n temI¯v hnhn[ aX§fpWvSmbXv F´psImWvSv? hyXykvX tZi¡mÀ¡pw Ime¡mÀ¡pw shtÆsd aXamtWm ssZhw \ÂInbXv? A§s\bmsW¦n Xs¶ hnhn[ aX§Ä¡nSbn ]ckv]c `n¶Xbpw sshcp[yhpw DWvSmhm³ ImcWsa´v?'' am\hkaql¯n\v ssZhw \ÂInb PohnXhyhØbmWv aXw. a\pjy³ BcmsW¶pw FhnsS\n¶p h¶psh¶pw Ft§m«p t]mIp¶psh¶pw PohnXw F´msW¶pw GXp hn[amhWsa¶pw acWtijw F´v F¶pw Hs¡bmWv AXv a\pjy\v ]dªpsImSp¡p¶Xv. A§s\ P\PohnXs¯ t\ÀhgnbneqsS \bn¨v hnPb¯nse¯n¡pIbmWv aXw sN¿p¶Xv; sNt¿WvSXv. ssZhw Xsâ ka{Kamb Cu PohnXhyhØ ImetZit`ZanÃmsX FÃm P\kaql§Ä¡pw k½m\n¨n«pWvSv. Xsâ ktµihmlIcneqsSbmWXv AhXcn¸n¨Xv. FÃm ssZhZqX·mcpw a\pjycmin¡p \ÂInb PohnXmZÀiw auenIambn H¶pXs¶bmWv. AÃmlp Adnbn¡p¶p: ""FÃm kapZmb§fnte¡pw \mw ZqX·msc \ntbmKn¨n«pWvSv. AhcneqsS FÃmhscbpw Adnbn¨p: \n§Ä ssZhs¯ am{Xw hW§n, hg§n, hnt[bambn Pohn¡pI. ]cn[newLn¨ AXn{IaImcnIsf \ncmIcn¡pI.''(JpÀB³ 16: 36) A§s\ Hcp P\Xbn ssZhZqX³ \ntbmKnX\mIp¶p. Xsâ P\Xsb ssZhnIk·mÀK¯nte¡v £Wn¡p¶p. At¸mÄ Ahcnsemcp hn`mKw At±ls¯ AwKoIcn¡pIbpw ]n´pScpIbpw sN¿p¶p. Ahtijn¡p¶hÀ ]qÀhnImNmc§fn Dd¨p\n¡p¶p. ssZhZqXsâ hntbmKm\´cw {lkztam ZoÀLtam Bb Imew Ignbp¶tXmsS At±l¯nsâ A\pbmbnIÄXs¶ ssZhnI k·mÀK¯nÂ\n¶v hyXnNen¡p¶p. ]ÞnX ]ptcmlnX·mÀ Ahcn AÔhnizmk§fpw A\mNmc§fpw hfÀ¯p¶p. Bhn[w kaqlw kXyip²amb ssZh]mXbnÂ\n¶v hyXnNen¡pt¼mÄ hoWvSpw ssZhZqX³ \ntbmKnX\mhp¶p. kaql¯nse Hcphn`mKw At±ls¯ ]n´pScpIbpw aäpÅhÀ ]gb k{¼Zmb§fnÂXs¶ \nesImÅpIbpw sN¿p¶p. AtXmsS At±ls¯ A\pKan¡p¶hÀ Hcp aXm\pbmbnIfmbpw AÃm¯hÀ asämcp aX¡mcmbpw Adnbs¸Sp¶p. bYmÀY¯n FÃm ssZhZqX·mcpw P\§sf £Wn¨Xv Htc {kjvSmhnte¡pw Ahsâ PohnXhyhØbnte¡pamWv. C{kmtbeyÀ ssZhnIk·mÀK¯nÂ\n¶v hyXnNen¨t¸mÄ Ahsc t\Àhgnbnte¡v \bn¡m³ tamsi {]hmNI³ \ntbmKnX\mbn. ]n¶oSv At±l¯nsâ A\pbmbnIÄ hgn]ng¨t¸mÄ tbip \ntbmKnX\mbn. tbiphnsâ £Ww \ncmIcn¨v X§fpsS ZpcmNmc§fnepd¨p\n¶hÀ PqX·mcmbn Adnbs¸«p. tbiphns\ ]n´pSÀ¶ph¶hÀ {InkvXym\nIfmbn¯oÀ¶p. Cuhn[w kaqlw kXy]mXbnÂ\n¶v hyXnNen¡pt¼mÄ Ahsc k·mÀK¯nte¡v \bn¡m³ \ntbmKnXcmhp¶ ]pXnb {]hmNI·msc A\p[mh\w sN¿msX ]qÀhnImNmc§sf ]n´pSÀ¶Xn\memWv temI¯v hnhn[ aX§fpw Ahbv¡nSbn `n¶Xbpw sshcp[y§fpw DWvSmbXv.

"aXtaXmbmepw a\pjy³ \¶mbm aXn'sb¶Xtà icn?'' ""\ZnIÄ ]ebnS§fnepw \n¶mcw`n¨v ]e hgnIfneqsS HgpIn kap{Z¯nse¯p¶p. B hn[w a\pjy³ hyXykvX amÀKahew_n¨v ssZh¯nse¯p¶p. AXn\m {io\mcmbWKpcp ]dªt]mse "aXtaXmbmepw a\pjy³ \¶mbm aXn'sb¶Xtà icn?'' ssZh¯nsâ {]oXnbpw {]Xn^ehpw t\Sm\pÅ ]mXbmWtÃm aXw. X¶nte¡v h¶ptNcm\pÅ hgntbsX¶v \nÝbnt¡WvSXv {kjvSmhmb ssZhw Xs¶bmWv. AXh³ \nÝbn¡pIbpw Xsâ ZqX·mcneqsS am\hkaqls¯ Adnbn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pWvSv.

]ckv]chncp²amb Imcy§Ä Htckabw kXyamhpI km[yasöXv kphnZnXamWtÃm. KWnXimkv{X¯n cWvSpw cWvSpw tNÀ¯m \memsW¶Xv icnbmWv. aq¶msW¶Xpw A©msW¶Xpw sXämWv. HmIvknP\pw ssl{UP\pw IqSnt¨À¶m shÅapWvSmIpsa¶Xv kXyamWv. aZyapWvSmIpsa¶Xv AkXyamWv. CÆn[w Xs¶ aX¯n kXyhpw AkXyhpw GsX¶Xv auenI {][m\amWv. AssZzXamWv kXysa¶pw ssZzXw AkXyamsW¶pw {ioi¦cmNmcyÀ ]dbp¶p. ssZzXamWv kXysa¶pw AssZzXw AkXyamsW¶pw am[zmNmcyÀ Øm]n¡p¶p. CXv cWvSpw AkXyamsW¶pw hninjvSmssZzXamWv kXysa¶pw cmam\pPmNmcyÀ AhImis¸Sp¶p. ssZhmhXmc k¦ev]w kXyamsW¶v hnizkn¡p¶hcpw AkXyamsW¶v hnizkn¡p¶hcpw sslµh ]WvUnX³amcnepWvSv. ]p\ÀP³ak¦ev]¯nsâ ØnXnbpw CXpXs¶. sslµh ]WvUnX³amÀ Xs¶ lnµpaX¯nse hnhn[ hnizmk§Ä kXyamsW¶v hnizkn¡p¶nsöv CXv sXfnbn¡p¶p. AXn\m hnhn[ aX§fnse GIssZhXzw, {XntbIXzw, _lpssZhXzw, ssZzXw, AssZzXw, GIssZhmcm[\, _lpssZhmcm[\, hn{Klmcm[\, hn{Klmcm[\ sImSnb ]m]amsW¶ hnizmkw, ]ctemI hnizmkw, ]p\ÀP·hnizmkw, a\pjyscms¡ ]cnip²cmbmWv P\n¡p¶sX¶ ho£Ww, ]m]nIfmbmWv ]nd¡p¶sX¶ {]kvXmhw t]mepÅ Imcy§Ä Htckabw kXyhpw icnbpw kzoImcyhpamhpIbnÃ. Bhpsa¶v ]dbp¶Xv cWvSpw cWvSpw \memsW¶Xpw A©msW¶Xpw aq¶msW¶Xpw kXyhpw icnbpamsW¶p ]dbp¶Xpt]mse ]cam_²amWv. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ a\pjy CSs]SepIfnÂ\n¶v apàamb, kXyip²amb ssZhnI k³amÀKw GsX¶v At\zjn¨v IsWvS¯n AXv ]n´pScpIbmWv thWvSXv. hnPb¯nsâ hgnbpw AXpXs¶. Xm³ hnizkn¡p¶ Imcyhpw AXn\p t\sc hncp²ambXpw Htckabw kXyhpw kzoImcyhpamsW¶v, t_m[apÅ Bcpw AwKoIcn¡pIbnÃ. IayqWnkhpw apXemfn¯hpw Hcpt]mse icnbpw \ÃXpamsW¶v Ahsb¡pdn¨dnbp¶ AhcpsS A\pbmbnIfmcpw ]dbpIbnÃtÃm. bYmÀY¯n thWvSXv a\pjys\ \¶m¡p¶ aXamWv. AYhm, sFlnIPohnX¯n a\Ên\v kam[m\hpw hyànPohnX¯n hnip²nbpw IpSpw_¯n\v sskzchpw kaql¯n\v kam[m\hpw c£bpw cmjv{S¯n\v t£ahpw `{ZXbpw temI¯v {]im´nbpw kÀthm]cn ]ctemI¯v \cI¯nÂ\n¶v tamN\hpw kzÀKe_v[nbpw Dd¸phcp¯p¶ aXw. aXanÃmsX CXv km[yhpaÃ.

""GXv aXhpw kzoIcn¡msa¶v JpÀB\n Xs¶ DWvStÃm. JpÀB³ 2: 62þ C§s\ ImWmw: "Dd¸mbn AdnbpI: Cu {]hmNI\n hnizkn¨htcm PqX·mtcm {InkvXym\nItfm km_nItfm Bcpamhs«, AÃmlphnepw A´yZn\¯nepw hnizkn¡pIbpw k¡Àa§f\pjvTn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶hÀ¡v AhcpsS c£nXmhn¦Â {]Xn^eapWvSv. AhÀ `bs¸Smt\m ZpxJn¡mt\m CSbmhp¶XÃ'. CXns\¡pdn¨v F´p ]dbp¶p?'' blqZcpsS hwiobhmZs¯ \ncmIcn¡p¶ hnip²hmIyamWnXv. X§fpsS hwiw am{XamWv ssZh¯n\v {]nbs¸«hcpw kzÀKmhIminIfpsa¶mbncp¶p AhcpsS AhImihmZw. X§Ä F§s\ Pohn¨mepw c£{]m]n¡psa¶pw aäpÅhscÃmw \cImhIminIfmbncn¡psa¶pw AhÀ hnizkn¨p. CXns\ JÞn¨psImWvSv JpÀB³ ]dªp: ""hwitam PmXntbm kapZmbtam Aà hnPb\nZm\w; adn¨v ssZh¯nepw ]ctemI¯nepapÅ hnizmkhpw k¡ÀahpamWv.'' ssZh¯nepw acWm\´c PohnX¯nepw bYmhn[n hnizkn¡epw k¡Àa§f\pjvTn¡epw Xs¶bmWv Ckvemw. BÀ Bhn[w Pohn¡p¶pthm AhÀ apkvenwIfmWv. AhcpsS hwitam hÀKtam tZitam PmXntbm GXmbncp¶mepw icn. PqX·mcpw {InkvXym\nIfpw km_nIfpw ssZh¯nepw acWm\´c PohnX¯nepw hnizkn¨v k¡Àa§f\pjvTn¡p¶tXmsS AhÀ AhcÃmXmbn¯ocp¶p. hnizmk§fnepw Bcm[\Ifnepw BNmc§fnepw A\pjvTm\§fnepw PohnXcoXnIfnepw kaqeamb amäw kw`hn¡p¶p. ]ns¶, \nehnepÅ t]cnehcdnbs¸Sm\pw CSbnÃ. AXn\m JpÀB³ ChnsSbpw

hnPb¯nsâ \nZm\ambn Du¶n¸dªXv Ckvemansâ ASnØm\§fmb kXyhnizmkhpw k¡Àa§fpw Xs¶bmWv. (hniZoIcW¯n\v UbtemKv skâÀ {]kn²oIcn¨ "kÀhaXkXyhmZw' F¶ IrXn ImWpI.)

kzÀK¯nepw kv{XohnthN\tam? ""]ctemI¯v ]pcpj·mÀ¡v kzÀKI\yIIsf CWIfmbn e`n¡psa¶v JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p. F¶m kv{XoIÄ¡v C¯cw CWIsf In«psa¶v FhnsSbpw ImWp¶nÃ. kzÀK¯nepw kv{XohnthN\tam?'' ssZhnI \nbaa\pkcn¨v `qanbn Pohn¡p¶hÀ¡v hmKvZm\w sN¿s¸« CSamWv kzÀKw. C¡mcy¯n kv{Xoþ]pcpj·mÀ¡nSbn Hcp hnthN\hpw CkvemanenÃ. JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""kXyhnizmknIfpw hnizmkn\nIfpw ]ckv]cw klmbnIfpw an{X§fpamIp¶p. AhÀ \· IÂ]n¡p¶p. Xn· hntcm[n¡p¶p. \akvImcw \njvTtbmsS \nÀhln¡p¶p. kIm¯v \ÂIp¶p. ssZhs¯bpw Ahsâ ZqXs\bpw A\pkcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. C§s\bpÅhÀ¡v AÃmlphnsâ A\p{Klw e`n¡pIXs¶ sN¿pw. AÃmlp kIeÀ¡pw AP¿\pw bpànÚ\pas{X. hnizmknIfmb kv{Xo ]pcpj·mÀ¡mbn AÃmlp ASn`mK§fneqsS AcphnIsfmgpIp¶ Bcma§Ä hmKvZm\w sNbvXncn¡p¶p. AhcXn \nXyhmknIfmbncn¡pw. B A\izc kzÀK§fn AhÀ¡mbn ]mh\amb hkXnIfpWvSmbncn¡pw. kÀthm]cn ssZh{]oXnbpw! AsX{X al¯cw! CXpXs¶bmIp¶p h³hnPbw''(A[ymbw 9, hmIyw 71, 72). ""\nÝbw, apkvenwIfpw hnizmknIfpw hW¡apÅhcpw kXykÔcpw kl\ioecpw AÃmlphnt\mSv `b`ànbpÅhcpw Zm\ioecpw {hXa\pjvTn¡p¶hcpw X§fpsS ssewKnImhbh§sf kq£n¡p¶hcpw AÃmlphns\ [mcmfambn kvacn¡p¶hcpamb kv{XoIfpw ]pcpj·mcpw Btcm, AhÀ¡v AÃmlp ]m]apànbpw al¯mb {]Xn^ehpw Hcp¡nh¨ncn¡p¶p''(A[ymbw 33, hmIyw 35) kv{Xobmhs«, ]pcpj\mhs«, \n§fnemcpsSbpw IÀas¯ \mw \njv^eam¡p¶XÃ. \n§sfÃmhcpw Htc hÀK¯nÂs]«hcmWtÃm. AXn\m F\n¡pthWvSn kztZiw shSnbpIbpw Fsâ amÀK¯n kz`h\§fnÂ\n¶v _lnjvIrXcmhpIbpw aÀZn¡s¸SpIbpw F\n¡mbn kacw sN¿pIbpw h[n¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXhcmtcm AhcpsS kIe ]m]§fpw Rm³ s]mdp¯psImSp¡p¶XmIp¶p. Rm\hsc ASn`mK¯neqsS BdpIsfmgpIp¶ Bcma§fn {]thin¸n¡p¶XpamWv. CXv AÃmlphn \n¶pÅ {]Xn^eamIp¶p. DÂIrjvSamb {]Xn^ew ssZh¯n¦Â am{Xas{X''(A[ymbw 3, hmIyw 195). kv{Xoþ]pcpj t`Zat\y kpIrXhm·mscÃmw kzÀKmhIminIfmbncn¡psa¶v Cu hnip² hmIy§Ä hyàam¡p¶p. kzÀKw ssZhnIZm\hpw k½m\hpamWv. a\pjycm{Kln¡p¶sXms¡bpw AhnsS e`n¡pw. AXn\m ]pcpj·mÀ¡v Ahcm{Kln¡p¶ CWIsfsb¶t]mse kv{XoIÄ¡v AhÀ sImXn¡p¶ Iq«pImscbpw In«pw. kv{Xo þ ]pcpj k¼À¡§fpw _Ô§fpw Hcn¡epw GI]£obamhpI km[yaÃtÃm. ]pcpj·mÀ¡v kv{XoIsf e`n¡psa¶v ]dªm kv{XoIÄ¡v ]pcpj·mscbpw CWIfmbn In«psa¶Xv kzm`mhnIhpw A\nhmcyhpamWtÃm. H¶p ]dªm asäm¶p ]dtbWvSXnsâ BhiyansöÀYw. ssZhnI {KÙamb hnip² JpÀB³ a\pjyÀ¡pthWvSnbmWv AhXoÀWambXv. AXn\meXnsâ ssienbpw {]tbmKhpw LS\bpsaÃmw P\§Ä¡v A\mbmkw a\Ênem¡m³ km[n¡pamdv ]cnNnXcoXnbnemWv. F¡mes¯bpw

hnizkmlnXy¯nse¶ t]mse JpÀBsâ AhXcWImes¯ Ad_n kmlnXy¯nepw kvss{XW kuµcyamWv hÀWn¡s¸«ncp¶Xv. JpÀB\nepw {]t_m[nX kaql¯n\v XoÀ¯pw kzoImcyhpw thKw DÄs¡mÅm³ km[n¡p¶Xpamb AtX coXnbmWv kzoIcn¡s¸«Xv. AtX kabw `qanbnÂh¨v Adnbp¶Xpw k¦Â]n¡p¶Xpamb, kIe koaIÄ¡pw AXoXamb kpJkuIcy§fmhpw kzÀK¯nepWvSmhpIsb¶v JpÀB³ AkµnKv[ambn Adnbn¡pIbpw AXn kv{Xoþ]pcpj·mscÃmw Htct]mse ]¦mfnIfmbncn¡psa¶v hyàam¡pIbpw sNbvXp. AXn\m kzÀK¯n kv{XohnthN\¯nsâ {]iv\ta DZv`hn¡p¶nÃþ hnthN\sa¶Xv AXn\ncbmhp¶hÀ¡v A\njvSIcambncn¡patÃm. BÀ¡pw A\njvSIcamb H¶pw AhnsSbpWvSmhnsöv hnip² thZ{KÙw JÞnXambn ]dªn«pWvSv.

`qanbnse sshIeyw kzÀK¯nepapWvSmIptam? ""`qanbnse AtX AhØbnembncn¡ptam a\pjyscÃmw ]ctemI¯pw? hnIemwKcpw hncq]cpsaÃmw B hn[w Xs¶bmIptam?'' `uXnI {]]©¯nse ]ZmÀY\njvTamb ]Ým¯e¯n Imcy§Ä {Kln¡m\mhiyamb ]t©{µnb§fpw _u²nI \nehmchpamWv \ap¡v \ÂIs¸«ncn¡p¶Xv. AXp]tbmKn¨v XoÀ¯pw hyXykvXamb ]ctemIs¯ AhØ a\Ênem¡pI km[yaÃ. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ Znhyt_m[\§fneqsS e`yamb Adnhpam{Xta C¡mcy¯n Ahew_\obambpÅq. ]ctemI PohnX¯nsâ kq£vamwi§sfms¡bpw AXn hniZoIcn¡s¸«n«nÃ. kzÀKw kpJkuIcy§fpsS ]mcayXbpw \cIw sImSnb in£bpsS kt¦Xhpambncn¡psa¶ [mcW hfÀ¯m\mhiyamb kqN\Ifpw hnhcW§fpamWv hnip² JpÀB\nepw {]hmNIhN\§fnepapÅXv. Hcp I®pw ImWm¯Xpw Hcp ImXpw tIÄ¡m¯Xpw Hcp a\Êpw k¦Â]n¡m¯Xpamb kpJmkzmZyXIfmbncn¡pw kzÀK¯nepWvSmhpIsb¶v Ah hyàam¡p¶p. ]ctemIs¯ ØnXn `qanbn h¨v ]qÀWambpw {Kln¡m\mhnsömWv CXv sXfnbn¡p¶Xv. F¶m kzÀKmhIminIfmb kpIÀanIÄ hmÀ[Iy¯nsâ hnhiXtbm tcmK¯nsâ {]bmktam sshcq]y¯nsâ Atemkctam asäs´¦nepw hnjaXItfm H«pa\p`hn¡pIbnÃ. \cImhIminIfmb ZpjvIÀanIÄ t\sc adn¨pambncn¡pw. k¦Â]n¡m\mhm¯ Zpc´§fpw ZpcnX§fpambncn¡pw Ahsc BhcWw sN¿pI

ssZhw \oXnamt\m? ""ssZ hw \oXnam\msW¶mWtÃm ]dªphcp¶Xv. F¶m A\p`hw adn¨mWv. a\pjycn NneÀ hnIemwKcpw aäp NneÀ aµ_p²nIfpamWv. CXv AhtcmSp sNbvX ISp¯ A\oXnbtÃ?'' Cu tNmZyw {]Xy£¯n hfsc {]kàhpw \ymbhpw Xs¶. F¶m AÂ]w BtemNn¨m A_²w A\mbmkw t_m[yamIpw. \ap¡v Cu tNmZyw H¶pIqSn hnIkn¸n¡mw. At¸mÄ {]kàsa¶v tXm¶p¶ \nch[n tNmZy§Ä \½psS ap¼n DbÀ¶phcpw. F\n¡v F´psImWvSv BdSn \ofw \ÂInbnsöv Ipdnbh\p tNmZn¡mhp¶XmWv. Xs¶ F´psImWvSv sXmen shfp¯h\m¡nbnsö Idp¯hsâ tNmZyhpw kpµc\m¡nbnsö hncq]sâ tNmZyhpw {]Xn`m[\\m¡nbnsö kmam\y_p²nbpsS tNmZyhpw kpJIcamb ImemhØbptÅS¯v P\n¸n¨nsö acp`qhmknbpsS tNmZyhpw [\nIIpSpw_¯nem¡nbnsö Zcn{Zsâ tNmZyhpw `cWm[nImcnbm¡nbnsö `cWobsâ tNmZyhpw Ccp]s¯m¶mw \qämWvSn Pohn¸n¨nà F¶ ]¯mw \qämWvSpImcsâ tNmZyhpsams¡ {]kàhpw \ymbhpas{X. CsXms¡bpw Hmtcmcp¯cpsSbpw Xe¯nÂ\n¶v t\m¡pt¼mÄ XnIª A\oXnbpamWv. \½psS kl[ÀanWnamcpsS tNmZyw CXns\¡msfÃmw \ymbhpw {]kàhpas{X. amk¯nÂ

\nÝnX Znhkw Nne {]bmk§f\p`hn¡p¶hfpw KÀ`w Npat¡WvShfpw {]khnt¡WvShfpw Ip«n¡v ape sImSpt¡WvShfpambn Xs¶sb´n\p krjvSn¨p; Xsâ `À¯mhn\v C¯cw {]bmk§sfm¶panÃtÃm; AXn\m Xs¶ F´psImWvSv BWmbn krjvSn¨nà F¶v GsXmcp kv{Xo¡pw tNmZn¡mhp¶XmWv. Xt¶mSv sNbvXXv ISp¯ A\oXnbmsW¶v kaÀYn¡pIbpw sN¿mw. a\pjyÀ¡nSbnse Cu hyXymk§sfÃmw CÃmXmhemWv \oXnsb¦n FÃmhcpw Htc `q{]tZi¯v, Htc ImemhØbnÂ, Htc Ime¯v, Htc IpSpw_¯nÂ, Htc amXm]nXm¡fpsS a¡fmbn, _p²n]cambn Htc \nehmc¯nepÅhcmbn, Htc icoc{]IrXntbmSpIqSn, Htc enwK¡mcmbn, Htchn[w BtcmKymhØbn P\n¡pIbpw Pohn¡pIbpw thWvSnhcpw. CXv XoÀ¯pw Akm[yhpw A{]mtbmKnIhpamsW¶v GhÀ¡pw Adnbmhp¶ ImcyamWv. AXn\m FÃm Imcy§fnsebpw sshhn[yw a\pjycminbpsS \ne\nÂ]n\v A\nhmcyas{X. a\pjyPohnXw acWt¯msS Ahkm\n¡psa¦n \oXnsb kw_Ôn¨ Cu tNmZy§sfÃmw XoÀ¯pw {]kà§fmWv. F¦n P\\w apX acWw hscbpÅ PohnXw FÃmhÀ¡pw Htct]mse Xpeyambn A\p`hn¡m\pw BkzZn¡m\pw Ahkcw e`n¡pIXs¶ thWw. F¶m \oXnam\mb ssZhw acWt¯msS a\pjyPohnXw Ahkm\n¸n¡p¶nÃ. sFlnI PohnXw IÀaImeamWv. hnNmcWbpw hn[nbpw IÀa^ehpw acWtijw adptemI¯mWv. Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw `qanbn \nÀhln¡m\pÅ _m[yX AhchÀ¡v \ÂIs¸« IgnhpIÄ¡\pkcn¨mWv. ]W¡mcsâb{X _m[yX ]mhs¸«h¶nÃ. ]ÞnXsâ NpaXe ]mac¶nÃ. {]Xn`mimenIfpsS D¯chmZnXzw kmam\y_p²n¡nÃ. aµ_p²n¡v A{XbpanÃ. hnIemwK\v ]qÀW BtcmKyhms\ At]£n¨v Ipdª D¯chmZnXztabpÅq. Cu _m[yXIfpsS \nÀhlWamWv PohnX¯nsâ Pbm]Pb§fpsS \nZm\w. Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw e`yamb IgnhpIÄ GXphn[w hn\ntbmKn¨psh¶XmWv hnebncp¯s¸SpI. XZ\pkrXambn Hmtcmcp¯cnepw AÀ¸nXamb NpaXeIfpsS ]qÀ¯oIcW¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nemWv acWm\´cPohnX¯nse c£min£IÄ \nÝbn¡s¸SpI. AXn\m acWtijw adptemIansæn am{Xta Cu `qanbnse a\pjysâ AhØm´c§Ä A\oXn]camhpIbpÅq. A\izcamb ]ctemIw A\ntj[yamsW¶Xn\m AwKsshIeyhpw BtcmKymhØbnse A´chpw ss[jWnI \nehmc¯nse hyXymkhpsam¶pw ssZh\oXn¡p Xosc hncp²amhp¶nÃ. hnIemwK³ AwKsshIeyanÃm¯hsâbpw ]mhs¸«h³ ]W¡mcsâbpw ap¼nse ]co£Ww IqSnbs{X. X§Ä¡v ssZhw \ÂInb A\p{Kl§f\pkvacn¨v hnIemwKtcmSpw Zcn{ZtcmSpw klm\p`qXnbpw A\pI¼bpw ]peÀ¯n, kvt\lw ]IÀ¶psImSp¡pIbpw klmbklIcW§Ä \ÂIpIbpw DZmcambn s]cpamdpIbpw sN¿p¶ptWvSmsb¶Xnsâ IqSn ASnØm\¯nembncn¡pw AhcpsS acWm\´cPohnX¯nse c£min£IÄ. F¶m ssZhs¯bpw ]ctemIs¯bpw \ntj[n¡p¶ `uXnI hmZnIÄ¡v \oXnsb kw_Ôn¨ C¯cw tNmZy§Äs¡m¶pw D¯cw \ÂIpI km[yaÃ. {]]©¯n\v \nbXamb Xmfhpw hyàamb {Iahpw hyhØbpw \ÂInb "{]IrXn' F´psImWvSv a\pjytcmSv \oXn ImWn¨nÃ? {]IrXn sNbvX Cu ISp¯ A\oXn¡v F´p ]cnlmcamWv `uXnIhmZn¡v \nÀtZin¡m\pÅXv? D¯cw \ÂtIWvSXv ssZh\ntj[nIfpw aXhncp²cpamWv.

tbiphpw apl½Zv \_nbpw ""tbip ssZh]p{X\msW¶v {InkvXym\nIfpw \n§fpsS \_n ssZh¯nsâ A´yZqX\msW¶v \n§fpw hmZn¡p¶p. CsXÃmw kz´w aXØm]Isc alXzh¡cn¡m\pÅ tIhew AhImihmZ§ftÃ?'' Ckvemans\bpw apkvenwIsfbpw kw_Ôn¨ KpcpXcamb sXäp[mcWIfmWv Cu tNmZy¯n\p ImcWw. apl½Zv \_n \½psSsbms¡ {]hmNI\mWv. GsX¦nepw PmXn¡mcpsStbm kapZmb¡mcpsStbm am{Xw \_nbÃ. apgph³ temI¯n\pw kIe P\¯n\pw thWvSn \ntbmKn¡s¸« ssZhZqX\mWv. At±ls¯ kw_Ôn¨v hnip²JpÀB³ ]dbp¶Xv, "temIÀ¡msI A\p{Klambn«ÃmsX \ns¶ \mw \ntbmKn¨n«nÃ.' (21: 107) F¶mWv. A{]ImcwXs¶ F¡mes¯bpw GXp tZis¯bpw FÃm \_namscbpw X§fpsS kz´w {]hmNI·mcmbn kzoIcn¡m³ apkvenwIÄ _m[yØcmWv. AhÀ¡nSbn Hcphn[ hnthN\hpw IÂ]n¡mhXÃ. apkvenwIÄ C{]Imcw {]Jym]n¡m³ imkn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p: ""]dbpI: R§Ä AÃmlphn hnizkn¡p¶p. C_vdmlow, CkvamCuÂ, CkvlmJv, bAvJq_v, At±l¯nsâ k´XnIÄ F¶nhÀ¡hXcn¸n¡s¸«ncp¶Xnepw tamsi, tbip F¶nhÀ¡pw CXc {]hmNI·mÀ¡pw AhcpsS \mY¦Â\n¶hXcn¸n¨n«pÅ amÀKZÀi\§fnepw R§Ä hnizkn¡p¶p. AhcnemtcmSpw R§Ä hnthN\w IÂ]n¡p¶nÃ. R§Ä AÃmlphnsâ BÚm\phÀ¯nIftÃm.''(JpÀB³ 3:84) JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""ssZhZqX³ Xsâ \mY\nÂ\n¶v X\n¡v AhXcn¨ amÀKZÀi\¯n hnizkn¨ncn¡p¶p. Cu ZqX\n hnizkn¡p¶hcmtcm Ahcpw B amÀKZÀi\s¯ hnizkn¨wKoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p. AhscÃmhcpw AÃmlphnepw Ahsâ ae¡pIfnepw thZ{KÙ§fnepw ZqX·mcnepw hnizkn¡p¶p. AhcpsS {]Jym]\anÆn[as{X: R§Ä ssZhZqX·mcn BtcmSpw hnthN\w ImWn¡p¶nÃ. R§Ä hn[n {ihn¨p. hnt[bXzawKoIcn¨p. \mYm, R§Ä \nt¶mSv am¸nc¡p¶hcmIp¶p. R§Ä \n¶nte¡pXs¶ aS§p¶hcmWtÃm''(2: 285). {]hmNI·mcà aXØm]Isc¶pw AhÀ ssZhnIktµiw a\pjycmins¡¯n¡p¶ ssZhZqX·mcpw {]t_m[Icpw am{XamsW¶pw Cu hnip²hmIy§Ä AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p. AXn\m apl½Zv \_nbà Ckvemansâ Øm]I³. Ckvemw At±l¯neqsS Bcw`n¨XpaÃ. BZnaa\pjy³ apX apgph³ a\pjyÀ¡pw ssZhw \ÂInb PohnX hyhØbmWXv. B PohnXhyhØ P\§Äs¡¯n¨psImSp¡m\mbn \ntbmKnXcmb ktµihmlIcmWv {]hmNI·mÀ. AhÀ ssZh¯nsâ ]p{X·mtcm AhXmc§tfm AÃ. a\pjycnÂ\n¶p Xs¶ ssZh¯m \nbpàcmb ktµihmlIÀ am{XamWv. `qanbn P\hmkamcw`n¨Xp apX temI¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK§fn hyXykvX ImeL«§fn C¯cw At\Imbncw ssZhZqX·mÀ \ntbmKnXcmbn«pWvSv. Ahcnse Ahkm\s¯ I®nbmWv apl½Zv \_nXncpta\n

Bdmw \qämWvSnse aXw! ""]Xn\mep \qämWvSn\Iw temIw hnhcn¡m\mhm¯ hn[w amdn. ]ptcmKXnbpsS ]mcayXbnse¯nb B[p\nI ]cnjvIrXbpK¯n Bdmw \qämWvSnse aXhpambn \S¡p¶Xv hnUvVn¯atÃ?'' Imew amdnbn«pWvSv, icnbmWv. temI¯nsâ tImehpw amdnbncn¡p¶p. a\pjy\n¶v hfsctbsd ]ptcmKXn {]m]n¨n«pWvSv. imkv{Xw hnhcWmXoXamw hn[w hfÀ¶p. kmt¦XnIhnZy kar²ambn. hnÚm\w h¼n¨ hnImkw t\Sn. PohnXkuIcy§Ä koamXoXambn hÀ[n¨p. \mKcnIX \nÀWmbI t\«§Ä ssIhcn¨p. PohnX\nehmcw hfsctbsd sa¨s¸«p. F¶m a\pjy\n ChsbÃmw Fs´¦nepw auenIamb amäw hcp¯nbn«ptWvSm? hnNmchnImc§sfbpw

BNmc{Ia§sfbpw Bcm[\mcoXnIsfbpw s]cpamä k{¼Zmb§sfbpw kz`mh kao]\§sfbpw AÂ]sa¦nepw kzm[o\n¨n«ptWvSm? CsöXtà kXyw? kl{km_vZ§Ä¡¸pdw AÔhnizmk§Ä kaqls¯ AS¡n`cn¨ncp¶p. kaImeo\ kaql¯nse ØnXnbpw AXpXs¶. A¶s¯t¸mse C¶pw a\pjy³ AtNX\ hkvXp¡sf Bcm[n¡p¶p. NXnbpw h©\bpw Ifhpw sImÅbpw ]gbXpt]mse XpScp¶p. aZyw tam´n¡pSn¡p¶Xn t]mepw amäanÃ. ssewKnI AcmPIXz¯nsâ AhØbpw AXpXs¶. F´nt\sd, Bdmw \qämWvSnse Nne Atd_y³ tKm{X§Ä sNbvXncp¶Xpt]mse s]¬Ipªp§sf B[p\nI a\pjy\pw {Iqcambn sImes¸Sp¯p¶p. A¶v H¶pw cWvSpsams¡bmbncp¶psh¦n C¶v e£§fpw tImSnIfpamsW¶p am{Xw. sshZyhnZybnse sshZKv[yw AXv A\mbmkIcam¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p. \mw IncmXsa¶v Ipäs¸Sp¯p¶ Ime¯v kw`hn¨ncp¶t]mse Xs¶ C¶pw a\pjy³ Xsâ klPohnsb {Iqcambn sImes¸Sp¯p¶p. A¶v IqÀ¯paqÀ¯ IÃmbncp¶p sImebv¡v D]tbmKn¨ncp¶sX¦n C¶v h³ hnkvt^mS\ tijnbpÅ t_mw_msW¶p am{Xw. AXn\m sIme KWyambn hÀ[n¨ncn¡p¶p. Npcp¡¯nÂ, temI¯pWvSmb amäsams¡bpw XoÀ¯pw _mlyas{X. AIw A¶pw C¶pw H¶pXs¶. a\pjysâ a\sam«pw amdnbn«nÃ. AXn\m auenIamsbmcp amähpw kw`hn¨n«nÃ. ]n¶n« \qämWvSpIfnse ]pcpjm´c§fn a\wamähpw AXphgn PohnX ]cnhÀ¯\hpw krjvSn¨ BZÀihnizmk§Ä¡pw aqeyt_m[¯n\pw am{Xta C¶pw AXpWvSm¡m³ km[n¡pIbpÅq. Bdmw \qämWvSnse am\ha\Ên\v kam[m\hpw PohnX¯n\v hnip²nbpw IpSpw_¯n\v sskzchpw kaql¯n\v kpc£bpw cmjv{S¯n\v `{ZXbpw \ÂInb ssZhnIPohnXhyhØ¡v C¶pw AXns\ms¡bpÅ Icp¯pw {]m]vXnbpapWvSv. {]tbmKh¡cW¯n\\pkrXambn AXnsâ kaImenI {]kànbpw {]m[m\yhpw kZv^e§fpw {]ISamIpw; {]ISambn«pWvSv; {]ISamIp¶papWvSv. hnip² JpÀB\pw {]hmNINcybpw kaÀ¸n¡p¶ ka{K PohnXhyhØbn Hcwiw t]mepw B[p\nI temI¯n\v A{]mtbmKnItam A\pNnXtam Bbn CsöXmWv hkvXpX. F¶Ã; AXnsâ {]tbmKh¡cW¯neqsS am{Xta am\hcmin C¶\p`hn¡p¶ {]iv\§fpw {]bmk§fpw ]qÀWambpw ]cnlcn¡s¸SpIbpÅq.

ssZhs¯ krjvSn¨Xmcv? ""{]]©¯n\v Hcp {kjvSmhv thWsa¶pw ssZhamWv AXns\ krjvSn¨sX¶pw \n§Ä aXhnizmknIÄ ]dbp¶p. F¶m \n§fpsS ssZhs¯ krjvSn¨XmcmWv? aXhpw ssZhhpw hnizmkImcyamsW¶pw AXn bpàn¡v {]kànbnsöpapÅ ]Xnhp adp]SnbÃmsX hÃXpw ]dbm\ptWvSm?'' {]]©s¯¸än {][m\ambpw cWvSp ho£WamWv \ne\n¡p¶Xv. H¶v aXhnizmknIfptSXv. AX\pkcn¨v {]]©w krjvSnbmWv. ssZhamWXnsâ {kjvSmhv. cWvSmat¯Xv ]ZmÀY hmZnIfpsS ho£WamWv. {]]©w A\mZnbmsW¶v AhchImis¸Sp¶p. AYhm AXpWvSmbXÃ, BZnbnte DÅXmWv. AXn\meXn\v BZyhpw A´yhpanÃ. Bbnc¯n Aªqtdm cWvSmbnctam tImSn sImÃw ap¼v {]]©w AXohkm{µXbpÅ Hcp sIm¨p ]ZmÀYambncp¶psh¶v `uXnIhmZnIÄ AhImis¸Sp¶p. AXv km{µXbpsSbpw Xm]¯nsâbpw ]mcayXbnse¯nbt¸mÄ s]m«ns¯dn¨p. B kvt^mS\w A\´amb AkwJyw s]m«ns¯dnIfpsS irwJebmbn. kwJyIÄ¡v AXoXamb AhØbn BZn]ZmÀY¯nsâ Xm]hpw km{µXbpw F¯nbt¸mgmWv AXv s]m«ns¯dn¨Xv. B s]m«ns¯dnbpsS i_vZhpw Af¡m\mhm¯Xs{X. h³ hnkvt^mS\¯nsâ AtX \nanj¯n apÆmbncw tImSn Un{Kn Xm]apÅ {]]©w DWvSmbn. s]m«ns¯dnbpsS ^eambn hnImkapWvSmbn. hnImkw ImcWambn Xm]\ne Ipdbphm³ XpS§n. kvt^mS\w Ignªv \mev \nanjw ]n¶n«t¸mÄ \yqt{SmWpIfpw t{]mt«mWpIfpw IqSnt¨À¶p. B kwKaamWv \£{X§Ä sXm«v a\pjy³ hscbpÅ FÃmänsâbpw P·¯n\v \mµn Ipdn¨Xv.

{]]t©mÂ]¯nsb kw_Ôn¨ `uXnIhmZnIfpsS Cu k¦Â]w D¯cwIn«m¯ \nch[n tNmZy§fpbÀ¯p¶p. BZn]ZmÀYw F¶mWv Xm]¯nepw km{µXbnepw ]mcayXbnse¯nbXv? F´psImWvSv AXn\p ap¼mbnÃ, Asæn tijambnÃ? A\mZnbn Xs¶ Xm]¯nepw km{µXbnepw ]mcayXbnembncps¶¦n F´psImWvSv A\mZnbn Xs¶ kvt^mS\w kw`hn¨nÃ? A\mZnbn Xm]hpw km{µXbpw ]mcayXbnembncp¶nsæn ]ns¶ F§s\ Ah ]mcayXbnse¯n? ]pd¯p\n¶pÅ CSs]SepIÄ ImcWamtWm? F¦n F´mWv B CSs]SÂ? Asæn A\mZnbnenÃm¯ km{µXbpw Xm]hpw BZn]ZmÀY¯n ]ns¶ F§s\bpWvSmbn? F¶mWv BZys¯ s]m«ns¯dnbpWvSmbXv? F´psImWvSv AXn\p ap¼mbnÃ? F´psImWvSv tijambnÃ? H¶mbncp¶ kqcy\pw `qanbpw cWvSmbXv F¶v? F´psImWvSv AXn\p apt¼m tijtam BbnÃ? C¯cw \nch[n tNmZy§Ä¡v Ct¶mfw `uXnIhmZnIÄ adp]Sn \ÂInbn«nÃ. \ÂIms\m«p km[yhpaÃ. Cu {]]©w hfsc hyhØm]nXhpw {Iam\pkrXhpamsW¶v Ghcpw AwKoIcn¡p¶p. temILS\bnse§pw XnIª XmssfIyhpw IrXyXbpw IWniXbpw {]ISamWv. hyàamb bpànbpsSbpw DbÀ¶ Bkq{XW¯nsâbpw \nXy \nZÀi\amWo {]]©w. a\pjysâ AhØ ]cntim[n¨mÂXs¶ C¡mcyw BÀ¡pw t_m[yamIpw. \mw Pohn¡p¶ temI¯v Adp\qdp tImSntbmfw a\pjycpWvSv. FÃmhcpw izkn¡p¶ hmbp H¶mWv. IpSn¡p¶ shÅhpw H¶pXs¶. Ign¡p¶ Blmc¯nepw {]ISamb A´canÃ. F¶n«pw Adp\qdp tImSn a\pjyÀ¡v Adp\qdp tImSn apJw. \s½t¸mepÅ asämcmsf temIs¯hnsSbpw ImWpI km[yaÃ. \½psS XÅhnc F{X sNdnb AhbhamWv. F¶n«pw Adp\qdp tImSn a\pjycnsemcmÄ¡pw \½ptSXpt]mepÅ Hcp ssIhncenÃ. acn¨pt]mb tImSm\ptImSn¡panÃ. P\n¡m\ncn¡p¶ tImSm\ptImSnIÄ¡v DWvSmhpIbpanÃ. \½psS Hmtcmcp¯cpsSbpw Xebn ]Xn\mbnc¡W¡n\v apSnbpWvSv. F¶m temI¯nse Adp\qdp tImSn Xebnse AkwJyw tImSn apSnIfnsem¶p t]mepw \½psS apSnt]msebnÃ. Ahkm\s¯ Un.F³.F. ]cntim[\bn \½ptSXv Xncn¨dnbpI Xs¶ sN¿pw. \½psSsbms¡ kncIfn Bbnc¡W¡n\v cà¯pÅnIÄ HgpIns¡mtWvSbncn¡p¶p. Adp\qdp tImSnbpsS kncIfnse tImSm\ptImSn cà¯pÅnIfn \n¶pw \½ptSXv hyXykvXas{X. \½psS icoc¯nsâ KÔw t]mepw aäpÅhcptSXnÂ\n¶v `n¶as{X. C{Xtbsd AZv`pXIchpw Bkq{XnXhpw hyhØm]nXhpw IWnihpamb AhØbn \msams¡ Bbn¯oÀ¶Xv tIhew bmZrOnIXbpw ]ZmÀY¯nsâ ]cnWmahpw Ne\hpw aqehpamsW¶v ]dbp¶Xv H«pw bpàn\njvTtam _p²n]qÀhtam AÃ. AXv ]cam_²amsW¶v Al´bm AÔX _m[n¡m¯hscÃmw AwKoIcn¡pw. Adp\qdp tImSn a\pjyÀ¡v A{Xbpw apJ`mhhpw ssIhncepIfpw KÔhpw XeapSnbpw cà¯pÅnIfpw aäpw \ÂInbXv kÀhià\pw kÀhÚ\pw bpànam\pamb iànbmsW¶v AwKoIcn¡epw hnizkn¡epamWv _p²n]qÀhIw. B iànbs{X {]]©{kjvSmhmb ssZhw. {]]©¯n ]pXpXmsbm¶papWvSmhnsöv ]ZmÀYhmZnIÄ ]dbp¶p. ]pXpXmbn hÃXpw DWvSmhpIbmsW¦n AXpWvSm¡nbXv Bcv F¶ tNmZyapbcpatÃm. F¶m C¶pÅ Adp\qtdmfw tImSn a\pjyÀ¡v _p²nbpw t_m[hpw Adnhpw bpànbpapWvSv. Cu _p²nbpw t_m[hpw Adnhpw bpànbpsams¡ FhnsSbmbncp¶p? hnkvt^mS\¯n\p ap¼pÅ BZn]ZmÀYw CsXms¡bpw DÄs¡mWvSncpt¶m? F¦n A\mZnbn B ]ZmÀY¯nsâ _p²nbpw t_m[hpw Adnhpw bpànbpw AXncpIfnÃm¯{X Bbncn¡ntÃ? At¸mÄ AtNX\ ]ZmÀYw C{Xtbsd kÀhÚ\pw bpànÚ\pamhpItbm? AXn\m Adp\qdp tImSn a\pjyÀ¡v Adnhpw t_m[hpw _p²nbpw bpànbpw \ÂInbXv AXncpIfnÃm¯ Adnhnsâbpw t_m[¯nsâbpw bpànbpsSbpw DSabmb kÀhià\mb ssZhamsW¶v hnizkn¡epw AwKoIcn¡epamWv \ymbhpw icnbpw. kXykÔhpw hnthI]qÀhIhpamb kao]\hpw AXpXs¶. A\mZnbmb H¶pWvSv; DWvSmtb Xocqsh¶v Ghcpw AwKoIcn¡p¶p. AXv AtNX\amb ]ZmÀYamsW¶v `uXnIhmZnIfpw, kÀhià\pw kÀhÚ\pamb

ssZhamsW¶v aXhnizmknIfpw ]dbp¶p. A\mZnbmb, AYhm XpS¡anÃm¯ H¶ns\ kw_Ôn¨v, AXns\ BcpWvSm¡n; F§s\bpWvSmbn XpS§nb tNmZy§Ä H«pw {]kàasöXpw kpk½XamWv. A\mZnbmb BZn]ZmÀYs¯ BcpWvSm¡nsb¶ tNmZyw A{]kàamsW¶v ]dbp¶hÀ Xs¶ A\mZnbmb ssZhs¯ BcpWvSm¡nsb¶v tNmZn¡p¶Xv AÀYiq\yhpw A_²]qÀWhpas{X. ]ZmÀY \njvTamb H¶pw Hcp \nÀamXmhnÃmsX DWvSmhpIbnÃ. AXn\m ]ZmÀY\nÀanXamb {]]©¯n\v Hcp {kjvSmhv A\nhmcyamWv. F¶m ]ZmÀY]cambXnsâ \nbahpw AhØbpw ]ZmÀYmXoXambXn\p _m[IaÃ. ssZhw ]ZmÀYmXoX\mWv. AXn\m ]ZmÀY\njvTamb {]]©¯nsâ \nbahpw am\ZWvUhpw ASnØm\am¡n ]ZmÀYmXoX\mb ssZhs¯ Bcp krjvSn¨psh¶ tNmZyw XoÀ¯pw A{]kàas{X. A\mZnbmb, Bcw`anÃm¯, Fs¶¶pw DÅXmb H¶pWvSmtb Xocqsh¶Xv A\ntj[yhpw kÀhk½XhpamWv. AXmWv kÀhià\pw {]]©§fpsSsbms¡ {kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb ssZhw

]ctemIapsWvS¶Xn\v sXfnhptWvSm? ""acWtijw \mw hoWvSpw ]p\cpÖohn¸n¡s¸Sp¶pw ]ctemIapsWvS¶Xn\v hà sXfnhptWvSm? Adnhv BÀPn¡m³ \ap¡pÅXv A©v C{µnb§fmWv. ChnsS `uXnI hnZyXs¶ hnhn[bn\amWv. Ahtbmtcm¶nsâbpw hmXn Xpd¡m³ hyXykvX Xmt¡mepIÄ thWw. Hmtcm¶n\pw khntijamb am\ZÞ§Ä A\nhmcyamWv. KWnXimkv{Xw ]Tn¡m\p]tbmKn¡p¶ am\ZÞap]tbmKn¨v icocimkv{Xw ]Tn¡pI km[yaÃ. KWnXimkv{X¯nse Xs¶ hnhn[ hi§Ä¡v hyXykvX am[ya§Ä thWw. Hcp hr¯¯n\v ap¶qädp]Xv Un{Knbpw {XntImW¯n\v \qänsb¬]Xp Un{KnbpamsW¶ k¦Â]w kzoIcn¡msX t£{XKWnXw A`ykn¡m\mhnÃ. _oPKWnX¯n\v `n¶amb am\ZÞw A\nhmcyas{X. tKmfimkv{Xw, `qKÀ`imkv{Xw, `qanimkv{Xw, kkyimkv{Xw, P´pimkv{Xw t]mepÅhbvs¡Ãmw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw am[ya§fmhiyamWv. `uXnI hnZybpsS hnhn[ hi§Ä¡v hyXykvX am\ZÞ§Ä thWsa¶ncns¡, B[ymßnI Úm\w t\Sm³ XoÀ¯pw `n¶amb amÀKw A\nhmcyamWv. ssZhw, ]ctemIw, kzÀKw, \cIw, amemJ, ]nimNv t]mepÅ A`uXnI Imcy§sf kw_Ôn¨ Adnhv BÀPn¡m³ a\pjysâ hiw kz´amsbmcp am[yahpanÃ; Ncn{X¯nsâ hyXykvX ZimkÔnIfn hnhn[ tZi§fn \ntbmKnXcmb ssZhZqX·mcneqsS e`yamb Znhyktµi§fÃmsX. Znhyt_m[\amIp¶ Bdmw t{kmXÊneqsS Adnhv e`n¡p¶ A\pKrloXcmb {]hmNI·mÀ ]dbp¶ Imcy§Ä ]t©{µnb§Ä am{XapÅhÀ \ntj[n¡p¶Xpw \ncmIcn¡p¶Xpw I®pÅhÀ ]dbp¶Xns\ IpcpS·mÀ tNmZyw sN¿p¶Xpt]msebmWv. CebpsS \ndw ]¨bpw Im¡bpsS \ndw Idp¸pw ]mensâ hÀWw shfp¸pamsW¶v \mw ]dbpt¼mÄ X§fXv IWvSdnªn«nsö ImcW¯m AÔ·mÀ AXwKoIcn¡p¶nsæn hÀW{]]©w AhÀ¡v XoÀ¯pw A\yhpw A{]m]yhpambncn¡pw. AXpt]mse Xs¶bmWv Znhyktµi§sf AwKoIcn¡m¯hcpsSbpw AhØ. A`uXnI Úm\w AhÀ¡v A\yhpw F¶pw AÚmXhpambncn¡pw. acWtijapÅ adptemIs¯ Ipdn¨pw AhnSs¯ kzÀK\cI§sf kw_Ôn¨pw a\pjycmin¡v Adnhp \ÂInbXv Ncn{X¯nsâ hnhn[ L«§fn hnhn[ \mSpIfn \ntbmKnXcmb ssZhZqX·mcmWv. AhÀ FÃmhcpw AXnsâ A\nhmcyX Du¶n¸dªn«pWvSv. AtXmsSm¸w `uXnI {]]©¯nsâ LS\bpw AXnse a\pjysâ AhØbpw A¯csamcp temI¯nsâ A\nhmcyXbnte¡v shfn¨w hoipIbpw sN¿p¶p.

\oXn \S¡Wsa¶m{Kln¡m¯hÀ \t¶ IpdhmWv. A\oXn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶hÀ t]mepw \oXn¡pthWvSn hmZn¡p¶p. X§Ä \oXnbpsS hàm¡sf¶v AhImis¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶p. HcmÄ h[n¡s¸«m AbmfpsS B{inXÀ sImebmfnsb in£n¡Wsa¶v sImXn¡p¶p. \oXn]pecm\pÅ a\pjycminbpsS AZayamb B{KlamWtÃm temI¯v \nbahpw \oXn\ymb hyhØbpw tImSXnIfpw \nba]meIcpsaÃmapWvSmIm³ ImcWw. \oXn \S¡Wsa¶v ]dbm¯ BcpapWvSmhnsöÀYw. F¶mÂ, ]qÀWmÀY¯n \oXn ]pecp¶ \mSpw kaqlhpanÃ. Bsc{X hnNmcn¨mepw \njvIrjvSamb \oXn \S¸m¡pI km[yhpaÃ. Hcmsf sIm¶m ]camh[n km[n¡pI sImebmfnsb sImÃm\mWv. F¶m AXpsImWvSv h[n¡s¸«hsâ, \nXyssh[hy¯nsâ \nXm´ thZ\ A\p`hn¡p¶ hn[hbv¡v `À¯mhns\tbm A\mYXz¯nsâ {]bmkw t]dp¶ a¡Ä¡v ]nXmhns\tbm e`n¡pIbnÃ. LmXIs\ h[n¡p¶Xpt]mepw sImebv¡pÅ bYmÀY ]cnlmctam {]Xnhn[ntbm AsöÀYw. AXv `qanbn kam[m\w Øm]n¡m\pÅ D]m[n am{Xas{X. CXpXs¶ sImebmfn in£n¡s¸«memWv. F¶m `qanbnse bYmÀY AhØ F´mWv? F¶pw F§pw sImebmfnIÄ sskzchnlmcw \S¯p¶p. sImÅ¡mÀ cwKw ssIbS¡p¶p. NqjI³amÀ am\yX Nabp¶p. AgnaXn¡mÀ kkpJw hmgp¶p. A{IanIÄ B[n]Xyw \S¯p¶p. h©I·mÀ hnLv\sam«panÃmsX \m«nse§pw hnlcn¡p¶p. \oXn \St¯WvS \ymbm[n]·mÀ A\oXn¡v Iq«p\n¡p¶p. ]W¯n\pw ]Zhn¡pambn ]cm{IanIfpsS ]£w tNcp¶p. `cWm[nImcnIÄ s]mXpapX sImÅbSn¡p¶p. s]mXpP\§sfhnsSbpw ]oUn¸n¡s¸Sp¶p. ASn¡Sn A\oXn¡pw A{Ia¯n\pw ASns¸Sp¶p. \oXn¡mbpÅ AhcpsS AÀY\Isfms¡bpw hyÀYamhp¶p. AXn\m \oXn ]et¸mgpw acoNnI t]mse A{]m]yas{X. alm`qcn]£¯n\pw XoÀ¯pw A\yhpw. \· \S¯p¶hÀ ChnsS sImSnb IjvS\jvS§Ä¡ncbmhp¶p. Bscbpw Aev]hpw Atemkcs¸Sp¯m¯hÀ A{Ian¡s¸Sp¶p. \nkzmÀYcmbn \nesImÅp¶hÀ \nc´cw aÀZn¡s¸Sp¶p. F¶m hnt{Zmlhr¯nIfn hym]rXcmhp¶htcm, hn]t¯Xpta¡msX kkpJw hmgp¶p. Hcmsf sIm¶m ]Icw sImebmfnsb h[n¡m³ km[nt¨¡mw. ]t£, ]¯pw \qdpw Bbnchpw ]Xn\mbnchpw t]sc h[n¨hsc in£n¡m³ BÀ¡pw km[yaÃ. AXn\m \njvIrjvSamb \oXn \S¯m³ BÀ¡panhnsS km[yaÃ. sImÃs¸Sp¶ \nc]cm[cpw AhcpsS B{inXcpa\p`hn¡p¶ {]bmk§Ä A]mcas{X. Ahbv¡v ]cnlmcapWvSm¡m³ Ghcpw Aiàcpw. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ acWt¯msS a\pjyPohnXw HSp§psa¦n temILS\ XoÀ¯pw A\oXn]camWv. AÀYiq\yhpw A_²]qÀWhpamWv; hyhØm]nXamb {]]©LS\tbmSv Xosc s]mcp¯s¸Sm¯Xpw. Adp\qdp tImSn a\pjyÀ¡v Adp\qdp tImSn apJhpw ssIhncepw KÔhpw hyXncnàamb XeapSnbpw cà¯pÅnIfpsaÃmw \evIs¸«v hyhØm]nXambpw Bkq{XnXambpw bpàn\njvTambpw krjvSn¡s¸« a\pjycpsS A´yw A¸msS A\oXn]camhpI Akw`hyas{X. AXn\m bYmÀYhpw ]qÀWhpamb \oXn ]pecpI Xs¶ thWw. `qanbneXv Akw`hyambXn\m ]ctemIw A\nhmcyamWv. FÃmhcpw X§fpsS IÀa^ew AhnsSsh¨v A\p`hn¡pwþ\· sNbvXh³ c£bpw Xn· sNbvXh³ in£bpw. acWtijw \oXn ]pecp¶ adptemIansæn \oXnt_m[apÅhÀ \nXy\ncmicmbncn¡pw. kZm AkzØcpw AkwXr]vXcpambncn¡pw. AtXmsSm¸w FÃm a\pjycpw {]IrXym \oXn sImXn¡p¶p. AXn\m AXv ]pecp¶ Hcp ]ctemIw \oXnbpsS tX«as{X; am\h a\Ênsâ tamlkm£m¡mchpw. hfsc hyhØm]nXambn krjvSn¡s¸« a\pjysâ PohnXw \oXnclnXambn acWt¯msS HSp§psa¶v [cn¡p¶Xnt\¡mÄ F´psImWvSpw bpàn\njvThpw _p²n]qÀhIhpamWv \oXn ]pecp¶ ]ctemIs¯ kw_Ôn¨ hnizmkw. a\pjyPohnX¯neqsS IS¶pt]mIp¶ kw`h§sfÃmw Ah\n IrXyambpw IWniambpw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶pWvSv. F¶m kaÀY\mb tUmIvSÀ¡v ikv{X{InbbneqsS Ah IsWvS¯m\mhnÃ. AXnhnZKv[amb

D]IcW§Ä¡pt]mepw Ah ]IÀ¯pI km[yaÃ. AtXmsSm¸w Ahsbms¡ a\pjy\v HmÀ¡m³ IgnbpIbpw sN¿p¶p. A{]Imcw Xs¶ \mw sXmSpt¶Ss¯Ãmw \½psS hnceSbmf§Ä ]Xnbp¶p. k©cn¡pt¶Ss¯ms¡ \½psS icoc¯nsâ KÔw hym]cn¡p¶p. ]dbp¶ hm¡pIÄ A´co£¯n ebn¨p tNcpIbpw sN¿p¶p. A§s\ \½psS hm¡pIfpw {]hr¯nIfpw Ne\§fpw hnNmchnImc§fpsaÃmw \ap¡\pIqetam {]XnIqetam Bbn km£yw hln¡m³ km[n¡pamdv tcJs¸Sp¯s¸Sp¶p. \½n \n¶v sImgnªpt]mIp¶ apSnbpw Cänhogp¶ càhpw {khn¡p¶ C{µnb¯pÅnbpsams¡ \ap¡v A\pIqetam {]XnIqetam Bb km£yambn¯ocp¶p. kÀthm]cn, CÃmbvabnÂ\n¶v {]]©s¯bpw a\pjy\pÄs¸sS AXnepÅ kÀhXns\bpw hfsc Bkq{XnXambpw hyhØm]nXambpw IrXyambpw IWniambpw krjvSn¨ ssZh¯n\v a\pjysâ ]p\xkrjvSn H«pw {]bmkIctam Akm[ytam AÃ. AXpsImWvSp Xs¶ acWtijw adptemI¯v a\pjyscÃmw DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡s¸Spsa¶pw `qanbnse IÀa§fpsS ^ew AhnsSh¨v A\p`hnt¡WvSn hcpsa¶pw ssZhw Xsâ ZqX³amcneqsS Adnbn¨Xpt]mse kw`hn¡pIXs¶ sN¿pw. AsXm«pw Ahnizk\obtam AbpànItam AÃ. adn¨v, AXyZv`pXIcamb AhØbn krjvSn¡s¸« a\pjysâ PohnXw A\oXn¡ncbmbn, AÀYclnXambn Fs¶t¶¡pambn Ahkm\n¡psa¶v ]dbp¶XmWv AbpànIhpw Ahnizk\obhpw! Hcp Imcyhpw IqSn kqNn¸n¡m\m{Kln¡p¶p. \mw Ct¸mgpÅ AhØbn \n¶psImWvSv a\Ênem¡p¶XmWv bYmÀY hkvXpXsb¶v [cn¡p¶Xv icnbÃ. D]IcWtaXpanÃmsX \ngens\ t\m¡pt¼mÄ AXv XoÀ¯pw \nÝeamsW¶mWv \ap¡p tXm¶pI. F¶m \ngen\v kZm t\cnb Ne\apWvStÃm. acoNnI shÅamsW¶v IcpXmdpWvSv. ASps¯¯pt¼mgmWv kXyw t_m[yamhpI. \n{Zm thfbnse kz]v\¯n ImWp¶ Imcy§Ä bmYmÀYyamsW¶mWv \ap¡v At¸mÄ tXm¶pI. DWcp¶tXmsS adn¨v A\p`hs¸Sp¶p. AXn\m ]t©{µnb§Ä am{XapÅ \ap¡v a\Ênem¡m\mhm¯ ]eXpw Znhyt_m[\amIp¶ Adnhnsâ Bdmw t{kmXÊv Xpd¶pIn«p¶ ssZhZqX³amÀ¡v {Kln¡m³ Ignbpw. kz]v\w ImWp¶h³ At¸mÄ ]dbp¶ Imcy§Ä¡¸pdamWv hkvXpXsb¶v, DWÀ¶ncn¡p¶h³ Adnbp¶ t]mse C{µnb _ÔnX\mb a\pjy³ ImWp¶Xn\¸pdamWv kXysa¶v ssZhZqX³amcdnbp¶p. AhcXv kaqls¯ Adnbn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. A`uXnIÚm\¯nsâ ]ng¡m¯ GImhew_w AXp am{Xas{X

]ctemIw ]camÀYtam? ""a\pjy³ acWaSªm NneÀ a®n adhpsN¿p¶p. Gsd sshImsX arXicocw at®mSp tNcp¶p. thsd NneÀ PUw NnXbn Zln¸n¡p¶p. AtXmsS AXv Nmcambn amdp¶p. Znbnsemgp¡s¸Sp¶ ihicoc§sf aÕyw sh«nhngp§pIbpw sN¿p¶p. Cu hn[w A{]Xy£cmhp¶ a\pjysc hoWvSpw DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡psa¶tà Ckvemw AhImis¸Sp¶Xv? CXv hnizk\obamtWm? a\pjy_p²n¡v \nc¡p¶XmtWm?'' F¶pw FhnsSbpw alm`qcn]£w P\§fpw ssZhhnizmknIfmbncp¶p. Adnbs¸Sp¶ a\pjyNcn{X¯n CuizchnizmkanÃm¯ kaql§fpw P\XIfpw hfsc hncfas{X. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ ssZhZqX·mÀ¡v A`napJoIcnt¡WvSnh¶Xv \ncoizchmZnIsfbmbncp¶nÃ. adn¨v, acWm\´c PohnX¯n hnizmkanÃm¯ ssZhhnizmknIsfbmbncp¶p. {]hmNI·mÀs¡Xnsc AWn\nc¶ hnhn[ ImeL«§fnse P\§Ä ]ctemIs¯ Ahnizkn¡p¶hcpw XÅn¸dbp¶hcpambncp¶p. Ahcp¶bn¨ hmZ§fpw tNmZy§fpw hnip²JpÀB³ C§s\ D²cn¡p¶p: ""AhÀ ssZh\ma¯n iàambn BWbn«p ]dbp¶p: acn¨pt]mIp¶hsc AÃmlp hoWvSpw Pohn¸n¨v Fgpt¶Â]n¡pIbnÃ.'' (A[ymbw 16, hmIyw 38).

""PohnXsa¶m \½psS Cu sFlnIPohnXw am{XtabpÅq. acWm\´cw \msamcn¡epw ]p\cpÖohn¸n¡s¸Sm³ t]mIp¶nÃ'' (A[ymbw 6, hmIyw 29). ""\n§Ä acn¨v a®pw AØnbpamb tijw hoWvSpw DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡s¸Spsa¶v CbmÄ \n§tfmSv ]dbpt¶m? F¶meXv hfsc hfsc hnZqcw Xs¶. CbmÄ \n§tfmSv hmKvZm\w sN¿p¶Xv hfsc hnZqcas{X! \½psS sFlnIPohnXaÃmsX PohnXanÃ. ChnsS \mw acn¡p¶p. Pohn¡p¶p. \msamcn¡epw DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡s¸SpIbnÃ.'' (A[ymbw 23, hmIyw 36, 37). ""AhÀ AhcpsS ap³KmanIÄ ]dªXpXs¶ ]dbp¶p. AhÀ ]dbp¶p: R§Ä acn¨v a®pw FÃpambn amdn¡gnªm ]ns¶bpw DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡s¸Spsat¶m? Cu hmKvZm\w R§Ä Gsd tI«n«pÅXmWv. ]WvSv R§fpsS ]qÀh]nXm¡fpw tI«pt]m¶n«pWvSv. AXmhs« tIhew sI«pIYIÄ am{XamIp¶p''(A[ymbw 23, hmIyw 82, 83). ""AhÀ tNmZn¡p¶p: R§Ä acn¨v a®pw AØn]RvPchpambn amdn¡gnªm hoWvSpw DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡s¸Spsat¶m? R§fpsS ]qÀh]nXm¡fpw A§s\ DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡s¸Sptam?'' (A[ymbw 37, hmIyw 16, 17). ]pcmX\ Imew apX¡pXs¶ ssZhhnizmknIfmb ]ecpw ]ctemI¯n hnizkn¨ncp¶nsöv D]cypà hmIy§Ä hyàam¡p¶p. C¶s¯ AhØbpw `n¶aÃ. AhnizmknIÄ DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]ns\ \ntj[n¨pw Ahnizkn¨pw kwibn¨pw D¶bn¨ tNmZy§Ä¡v hnip² JpÀB³ hyàamb adp]Sn \ÂIp¶p. ""AhÀ tNmZn¡p¶p: "R§Ä tIhew AØnIfpw a®pambn¯oÀ¶m ]ns¶ hoWvSpw ]pXnb krjvSnbmbn Fgpt¶Â]n¡s¸Spsat¶m?' AhtcmSp ]dbpI: \n§Ä ItÃm Xpcpt¼m Bbns¡mÅpI. Asæn Poh\pÄs¡mÅm³ Xosc Akm[yambsX¶v \n§Ä¡v tXm¶p¶ asäs´¦nepw ISp¯ krjvSnbmbns¡mÅpI. F¶mepw \n§Ä Fgpt¶Â]n¡s¸Spw.' AhÀ XoÀ¨bmbpw tNmZn¡pw: "BcmWv R§sf hoWvSpw PohnX¯nte¡v aS¡pI?' ]dbpI: "BZyXhW krjvSn¨h\mtcm Ah³ Xs¶.' AhÀ Xebnf¡n ]cnlmkt¯msS tNmZn¡pw: "Hmtlm, AsXt¸mgmWpWvSmhpI?' ]dbpI: AZv`pXsa´v? ASp¯pXs¶ AXv kw`hnt¨¡mw. ssZhw \n§sf hnfn¡p¶ \mfn AXn\p¯cambn \n§fhs\ kvXpXn¨psImWvSv ]pds¸«phcpw. "R§Ä AÂ]t\cw am{Xta Cu AhØbn Ignªn«pÅq' F¶mbncn¡pw At¶cw \n§fpsS tXm¶Â'' (A[ymbw 17, hmIyw 49þ52). ""R§Ä tIhew AØnIfpw a®pambn¡gnª tijw ]pXnb krjvSnbmbn hoWvSpw Fgpt¶Â]n¡s¸SpItbm' F¶p tNmZn¨Xn\pÅ {]Xn^eamWnXv. `qtemIs¯bpw hm\temI§sfbpw krjvSn¨ AÃmlphn\v Chsct¸mepÅhscbpw krjvSn¡phm³ XoÀ¨bmbpw IgnhpsWvS¶v ChÀ¡v a\Ênembn«ntÃ? Ahsc ]p\cpÖohn¸n¨v Hcpan¨pIq«p¶Xn\v Ahs\mcp kabw \nÀWbn¨ph¨n«pWvSv. AXpWvSmhpsa¶Xn kwibanÃ. ]t£, AXns\ [n¡cn¡pI Xs¶ thWsa¶v [n¡mcnIÄ¡v imTyapWvSv''(A[ymbw 17, hmIyw 98, 99). ""a\pjytc, acWm\´c PohnXs¯¡pdn¨v hà kwibhpapsWvS¦n \n§Ä a\Ênem¡pI: BZnbn \n§sf \mw krjvSn¨Xv a®nÂ\n¶mWv. ]ns¶ tcXkvIW¯nÂ\n¶v. ]ns¶ H«n¸nSn¡p¶XnÂ\n¶v, ]ns¶ cq]w {]m]n¨Xpw AÃm¯Xpamb amwk]nÞ¯nÂ\n¶v. Cu hnhcWw \n§Ä¡v bmYmÀYyw hyàamIm\s{X. \mapt±in¡p¶ _oPs¯ Hcp \nÝnX Ah[n hsc KÀ`mib§fn \nhkn¸n¡p¶p. ]ns¶ \n§sf iniphmbn ]pd¯psImWvSphcp¶p. ]ns¶ \n§Ä buh\w {]m]n¡p¶p. \n§fn NneÀ t\cs¯ Xs¶ Xncn¨phnfn¡s¸Sp¶p. Nnecmhs« FÃmw Adnªtijw H¶pw Adnbm¯hcmbn¯ocm³, tamiamb {]mbm[nIy¯nte¡v \bn¡s¸Sp¶p. `qan hcWvSpInS¡p¶Xmbn \o ImWp¶p. ]ns¶ \maXn ag hÀjn¸n¨m s]s«¶Xv XpSnsImÅp¶p. ]pjv]nWnbmhp¶p. IuXpIamÀ¶ kIebn\w sNSnIsfbpw apf¸n¨pXpS§p¶p. AÃmlp Xs¶bmIp¶p bmYmÀYyw. Ah³ \nÀPohambXns\

Pohn¸n¡p¶p. Ah³ kIeXn\pw IgnhpÅh\msW¶Xn\memWnsXms¡bpw DWvSmhp¶Xv. AXn\m ]p\cp°m\thf hcnIXs¶ sN¿pw. AXn kwibtabnÃ. J_vdnepÅhscsbÃmw AÃmlp DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡pw, XoÀ¨''(A[ymbw 22, hmIyw 5þ7). ""\n§Ä temIscsbÃmw krjvSn¡pIbpw ]ns¶ ]p\cpÖohn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pIsb¶Xv AXv Ah\v Hcp Pohnsb krjvSn¡pIbpw ]p\cpÖohn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xpt]msetbbpÅq.'' (A[ymbw 31, hmIyw 28) ""kXy\ntj[nIÄ henb hmZambn D¶bn¨p, acWm\´cw X§sfmcn¡epw ]p\cpÖohn¸n¡s¸SpIbnsöv. AhtcmSp ]dbpI: AÃ; Fsâ \mY\mWv kXyw! \n§Ä XoÀ¨bmbpw ]p\cpÖohn¸n¡s¸SpIXs¶ sN¿pw. A§s\ sN¿Â AÃmlphn\v XoÀ¯pw A\mbmkIcas{X.'' (A[ymbw 64, hmIyw 7). ""BImi`qanIsf krjvSn¨h\pw AhbpsS krjvSnbm £oWn¡m¯h\pamb AÃmlp XoÀ¨bmbpw acn¨hsc Pohn¸n¡m³ IgnhpÅh\msW¶ Imcyw Cu P\¯n\v a\Ênembn«nsÃt¶m? F´psImWvSnÃ? \nÝbw, Ah³ kIe kwKXnIÄ¡pw IgnhpÅh\mIp¶p'' (A[ymbw 46, hmIyw 33). ""a\pjy³ hnNmcn¡p¶ptWvSm, Ah³ shdpsX hnSs¸Spsa¶v? Ah³ hnkÀPn¡s¸« \nÊmcamb ip¢IWambncp¶ntÃ? ]n¶oSh³ H«n¸nSn¡p¶ hkvXphmbn. A\´cw AÃmlp Ahsâ icocw krjvSn¨p. Ahbh§Ä kwhn[m\n¨p. F¶n«XnÂ\n¶v kv{XobpsSbpw ]pcpjsâbpw cWvSp hÀK§fpWvSm¡n. Ah³ acn¨hsc ]p\cpÖohn¸n¡m³ IgnhpÅh\sÃt¶m?''(A[ymbw 75, hmIyw 36þ40). ""AÃmlphnsâ ZrjvSm´§fnsem¶v CXmIp¶p: Fs´¶m `qansb ssNX\yaäp InS¡p¶Xmbn \o ImWp¶p. ]ns¶ \maXn ag hÀjn¸n¨mtem, s]s«¶Xm AXv Ne\w sImÅpIbpw hfÀ¶p hnIkn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. \nÝbw, Cu arX`qansb kPoham¡nbXmtcm, Ah³ acn¨pt]mbhscbpw Pohn¸n¡p¶h\mIp¶p. Ah³ kIe kwKXnIÄ¡pw Ignhpäh\tÃm'' (A[ymbw 41, hmIyw 39). ""a\pjy³ hnNmcn¡p¶pthm, Ahsâ AØnIsf kwLSn¸n¡m³ \ap¡mhnsöv. F´psImWvSmhnÃ? \mahsâ hncÂXp¼pIÄ hsc IrXyambn \nÀan¡m³ IgnhpÅh\tÃm.'' (A[ymbw 75, hmIyw 3, 4). Npcp¡¯nÂ, CÃmbvabnÂ\n¶v a\pjys\ krjvSn¨ ssZh¯n\v Ahs\ ]p\cpÖohn¸n¡pI H«pw {]bmkIcamb ImcyaÃ. Adp\qdp tImSn a\pjyÀ¡v Adp\qdp tImSn ssIhncepIfpw hyXncnàamb XeapSnbpw cà¯pÅnIfpw KÔhpsams¡ \ÂIn krjvSnIÀaw \nÀhln¨ ssZh¯n\v a\pjys\ DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¡pI F¶Xv XoÀ¯pw A\mbmkIcas{X. \nÀPohamb `qan ag In«nbm kPohamIp¶ t]mse acn¨p a®mb a\pjysc AÃmlp hnfn¡pt¼mÄ ]p\cpÖohn¨v HmSnsb¯p¶psh¶Xv Xosc AbpànItam Ahnizk\obtam AÃ. icoc¯nsâ t\cnb Hcp Awiap]tbmKn¨v t¢mWnwKneqsS ]qÀW a\pjys\ krjvSn¡m³ {iaw \S¡p¶ temI¯v, kÀhià\mb ssZhw a\pjys\ ]p\xkrjvSn¡psa¶ kXyw AwKoIcn¡m³ hnk½Xn¡p¶XmWv AbpànIhpw hnkvabIchpamb Imcyw.

IAv_bnse Idp¯ IÃpw inem]qPbpw ""hn{Klmcm[\sb iàamsbXnÀ¡p¶ aXamWtÃm Ckvemw. F¶n«pw IAv_bn Hcp Idp¯ IÃv {]XnjvTn¨Xv F´n\mWv? asäÃm _nw_§sfbpw FSp¯pamänbt¸mÄ AXns\ am{Xw \ne\nÀ¯nbXv F´n\v? inem]qP Ckvemanepw DsWvS¶tà CXv hyàam¡p¶Xv?'' Cu tNmZyw kaql¯n \ne\n¡p¶ hym]Iamb sXäp[mcWbnte¡mWv hnc NqWvSp¶Xv. AXn\m Nne Imcy§fnhnsS hyàam¡m\m{Kln¡p¶p: 1. IAv_bnse Idp¯ IÃv(lPdp AkvhZv) Ncn{X¯nsemcn¡epw Bcmepw Bcm[n¡s¸«n«nÃ. hnip² IAv_bnepw ]cnkc¯pw ap¶qän Adp]Xntesd hn{Kl§Ä ]qPn¡s¸«t¸mgpw Bcpw AXns\ ]qPn¨ncp¶nÃ. {]hmNI\ntbmK¯n\p ap¼pÅ hn{Klmcm[\bpsS Ime¯pw lPdp AkvhZv Bcm[yhkvXphmbncp¶nsöXmWv hkvXpX. 2. temI¯nse GXv ]qPmhkvXphpw AXnsâ kz´w t]cnednbs¸SmdnÃ. GXnsâ {]XnjvTbmtWm AXnsâ t]cnemWXv Adnbs¸SpI. {_Òmhv, hnjvWp, inh³, IrjvW³, Kpcphmbqc¸³ t]mepÅhcpsS hn{Kl§Ä AhcpsS t]cnemWv hnfn¡s¸SpI. AÃmsX IÃn³ IjWw, ac¡pän, Hm«n³IjWw, a¬Iq\ F¶n§s\, F´psImWvSmtWm Ah \nÀan¡s¸«Xv AhbpsS t]cneÃ. F¶m IAv_bnse Idp¯ IÃv AtX t]cnemWv Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv. Idp¯ IÃv F¶Xnsâ Ad_n]ZamWv "lPdp AkvhZv' F¶Xv. AXv {]XnjvTtbm ]qPmhkvXpthm hn{Kltam AsöXn\v Cu \maw Xs¶ aXnbmb sXfnhmWv. 3. \qdpw Aªqdpw Bbnchpw aoäÀ Hm«aÕcw \S¡pt¼mÄ Hm«w Bcw`n¡pt¶S¯v HcSbmfapWvSmIpatÃm. AÆn[w hnip² IAvv_¡p Npäpw {]bmWw \S¯pt¼mÄ AXmcw`n¡m\pÅ ASbmfamWv lPdp AkvhZv. AXn\¸pdw AXn\v {]tXyI ]pWytam ssZhnIXtbm IÂ]n¡m³ ]mSnsöv Ckvemw ]Tn¸n¡p¶p. {]hmNIsâ ASp¯ A\pbmbnbpw cWvSmw Jeo^bpamb Dadp ^mdqJv C¡mcyw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. B IÃn\v {]tXyI ]pWyw Bcpw IÂ]n¡mXncn¡m\mbn At±lw ]dªp: ""\o tIhew Hcp IÃmWv. \_n Xncpta\n \ns¶ Npw_n¨nÃmbncp¶psh¦n \ns¶ Rms\mcn¡epw ap¯pambncp¶nÃ.''

""IAv_¡p NpäpapÅ {]bmW¯n\v {]mcw`w Ipdn¡m³ ASbmfambn IÃpXs¶ thWsa¶ptWvSm?'' ""CXnsâ ImcWw XoÀ¯pw Ncn{X]camWv. AÃmlphns\ Bcm[n¡m\mbn BZyambn \nÀan¡s¸« `h\amWv IAv_. ssZhw \nÝbn¨ Øe¯v C_vdmlow \_nbpw aI³ CkvamCu \_nbpw IqSnbmWXv \nÀan¨Xv. B hnip² aµnc¯nsâ `mKsa¶v XoÀ¨bpÅ IÃmWv lPdp AkvhZv. AXn\m {]hmNI³amÀ ]WnX tZhmeb¯nsâ `mKsa¶ Ncn{X]camb {]m[m\yamWv B Idp¯ IÃn\pÅXv.

""ZnhyXzw IÂ]n¡s¸Sp¶ Bcm[yhkvXphsæn F´n\mWv AXns\ Npw_n¡p¶Xv?'' a\pjyÀ ]Xnhmbn Npw_n¡mdpÅXv Bcm[yhkvXp¡sfbÃtÃm; kvt\ln¡s¸Sp¶hsbbmWtÃm. Xsâ ]qÀhnIcmb C_vdmlow \_nbpw CkvamCu \_nbpw ]WnX ssZhnI `h\¯nsâ `mKsa¶ \nebn apl½Zv \_n AXns\ kvt\ln¡pIbpw BZcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Xsâ hnShm§Â XoÀYmS\¯n {]hmNI³ AXns\ Npw_n¨p. AXn\m F¡mehpw FÃm XoÀYmSIcpw AXns\ Npw_n¨phcp¶p. ]n¶mse hcp¶ hnizmknIÄ Xsâ amXrI ]n´pScpsa¶v {]hmNI¶dnbmambncp¶p. F¶n«pw {]hmNI\Xp sNbvXp.

]n³KmanIfpsS NpWvSpIÄ Xsâ Npw_\¯nsâ HmÀaIfpambn Idp¯ IÃn³ta ]Xnbpsa¶ {]Xo£tbmsS¯s¶. AXn\m D]Imctam D]{Zhtam sN¿m\mhm¯ shdpsamcp IÃv am{XamWsX¶v At±lw {]tXyIw Du¶n¸dªp. lPdp AkvhZn\pÅ Npw_\w {]hmNIt\mSpÅ kvt\l{]IS\w am{Xas{X. AXn Bcm[\mhnImcanÃ. DWvSmImhXpaÃ. Ime¯n\¸pdt¯¡v Xsâ apgph³ A\pbmbnIÄ¡pambn \_nXncpta\n AÀ¸n¨ {]XoImßIamb ]cncw`W¯n ]¦ptNcpIbmWv AXns\ D½hbv¡p¶hscms¡bpw. \nch[n \qämWvSpIfnse At\Iw XeapdIfnse tImSm\ptImSn hnizmknIfpsS A[ckv]ÀitaänS¯v kz´w NpWvSpIÄ hbv¡p¶XneqsS hnizmkn Xs¶ ]qÀhnIcpambn _Ôn¸n¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. \qämWvSpIfneqsS Ahncmaw XpSÀ¶phcp¶ hnizmkn kaql¯nsâ alm{]hml¯nse Hcp IWnI am{XamWv Xms\¶ t_m[w AXv XoÀYmSI\nepWÀ¯p¶p. A§s\ \nch[n \qämWvSpIfneqsS ]c¶pInS¡p¶ ]qÀhnIcpambn Xs¶ sshImcnIambn _Ôn¡p¶p. AXv am\hXbpsS GIXsb¡pdn¨ Aht_m[w hfÀ¯pIbpw AhmNyamb A\p`qXn \ÂIpIbpw sN¿p¶p. AXn\¸pdw B Idp¯ IÃn\v ssZhnIX IÂ]n¡pItbm, AXns\ {]XnjvTbmbn KWn¡pItbm, Bcm[\m hnImct¯msS sXmSpItbm Npw_n¡pItbm ho£n¡pItbm sN¿p¶Xv A£´hyamb A]cm[amWv. AXv Ckvemw IWniambn hne¡nb _lpssZhmcm[\bpsS `mKas{X.

AssZzXs¯ AwKoIcn¡m¯sX´psImWvSv? ""AssZzXkn²m´s¯ Ckvemw AwKoIcn¡p¶ptWvSm? Csæn F´psImWvSv?'' {ioi¦cmNmcycmWv Hcp kn²m´sa¶ \nebn AssZzXs¯ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯nbXv. Ggmw \qämWvSnsâ A´y¯nepw F«mw \qämWvSnsâ BZy¯nepambmWv At±lw Pohn¨sX¶mWv s]mXp [mcW. F¶m F«mw \qämWvSnsâ A´y¯nemsW¶pw H¼Xmw \qämWvSnsâ BZy]mZ¯nemsW¶psams¡ hnizkn¡p¶hcpw hncfaÃ. P·\mSv tIcf¯nse ImeSnbmsW¶v IcpXs¸Sp¶p. i¦cmNmcyÀ Xsâ Kpcphmb tKmhnµsâ BNmcy\mb KuV]mZ\nÂ\n¶mWv AssZzXkn²m´w kzoIcn¨Xv. F¦nepw _mZcmbWsâ {_Òkq{X¯nsâ hymJym\sa¶ \nebnemWv At±lw AssZzXw BhnjvIcn¨Xv. D]\njZvhmIy§fpsS ka\zbcq]amWv {_Òkq{Xw. tIcf¯nse AssZzX¯nsâ Gäw Icp¯\mb hàmhmbncp¶ hnZymhmNmkv]Xn hn. ]t\mfn FgpXp¶p: ""AssZzX ZÀi\s¯ bmYmÀYyam¡m³ t]m¶XmWv BNmcyho£Ww. {_Òw \nÀKpWamsW¶pw Pohmßmhpw ]camßmhpw GIamsW¶pw sXfnbn¡m³ {ioi¦c `KhZv]mZÀ¡ÃmsX asämcmNmcy\pw km[n¨n«nÃ.''({ioi¦cZÀi\w, amXr`qan {]nânwKv Bâv ]»njnwKv I¼\n enanäUv, 1998, ]pdw 61) _p²aXs¯ t\cnSm\mWv {ioi¦cmNmcyÀ AssZzXkn²m´w BhnjvIcn¨Xv. ]t\mfn FgpXp¶p: ""XcwXmWpt]mb _p²aX¯nsâ FXnÀ¸pIsf {ioi¦c\v A`napJoIcnt¡WvSnh¶p. {]kvXpX kmlNcy¯n _p²aX¯nsâ `ojWnsb sNdp¡phm³ iàhpw \qX\hpamb Hcp XXzimkv{Xw cq]s¸Spt¯WvSXv AXymhiyambncp¶p. {ioi¦csâ AssZzXaXw [ochpw kaÀYhpamb hn[¯n B shÃphnfnsb t\cnSpIbpw sNbvXp.''( Ibid ]pdw 138) _p²aXs¯ t\cnSm³ i¦cmNmcyÀ AhcpsS Bib§ÄXs¶ ISw sImÅpIbmbncp¶p. hn. ]t\mfn FgpXp¶p: ""AhbnÂ\n¶v kzoImcyambsXms¡ BNmcy³ kzoIcn¡pIbpw kzho£W¯n hnebn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. {]Ѷ_p²³ F¶ A]c\maw t]mepw {ioi¦cmNmcyÀ¡v DWvSmbncp¶p.''( Ibid ]pdw 68) i¦cmNmcyÀ AssZzXs¯ AhXcn¸n¨Xn§s\bmWv: ""{_ÒkXyw, PK·nYym, Pothm {_ssÒh \m ]cx'' ({_Òw kXyw; PK¯v AbYmÀYw; Poh³ {_ÒaÃmsX asäm¶paÃ.)

hn. ]t\mfn FgpXp¶p: ""BNmcykzmanIÄ Bbnc¯mWvSpIÄ¡¸pdw Cu temIt¯mSmbn {]hNn¨p: Cu Zriy{]]©w F´nÂ\n¶pZv`hn¨pthm AXv {_ÒamIp¶p. AXmIs« GIhpw \nXyhpamWv. A¦c³, Aac³, ]camßmhv XpS§nbn«pÅ t]cpIfn {_Òw Adnbs¸Sp¶p. AXdnªp IgnªmemIs« temI¯nse kÀhhpw Adnbm³ Ignbpw. thZ§Ä¡pw {_Òsa¶v t]cpWvSv. ]camßmhpw Pohmßmhpw H¶pXs¶. tIhew AhnZysImWvSmWv A§s\bsöv tXm¶p¶Xv. Cu AhnZy H¶pam{XamWv ZpxJImcWw. BßÚmt\mZb¯n AhnZy \o§pw. IÀXrXzhpw t`mIvXrXzhpw Pohmßmhnsâ [Àa§fmWv. Úm\nIÄ¡v IÀaanÃ; icoc_ÔanÃ. {_tÒm]mkIÀ {_Òambn `hn¡p¶p.''( Ibid, ]pdw 113) At±lw Xs¶ FgpXp¶p: ""F«pImenbnÂ\n¶v \qse¶ t]mse, icoc¯n \n¶v tIitcmamZnIsf¶ t]mse \nXyhkvXphmb {_Ò¯nÂ\n¶v DZv`qXambXmWv Cu PK¯v' F¶v apÞtIm]\nj¯n {]kvXmhn¨Xmbn ImWmw.''( Ibid, ]pdw 48) ]mcamÀYnIambn {_Òw am{XtabpÅqsh¶pw PK¯v ambbmsW¶pw AhnZybmWv AXv bmYmÀYyambn A\p`hs¸Sm³ ImcWsa¶pw kaÀYn¡m\mbn AssZzXhmZnIÄ ]ehn[ DZmlcW§fpw kaÀ¸n¡mdpWvSv. NneXnhnsS tNÀ¡p¶p: 1. kzÀWame FSp¯v F´msW¶v tNmZn¨m Ghcpw ame F¶p ]dbpw. AXv Dcp¡n hfbm¡nbm hfsb¶pw ]mZkcam¡nbm B t]cnepw Adnbs¸Spw. F¶m bYmÀY¯n AsXm¶paà Ah; kzÀWsa¶ AhØ¡p am{XamWv amäanÃm¯Xv. AÆn[w C¡mWs¸Sp¶ PK¯v {_Ò¯nsâ hnhÀ¯nX cq]amWv. {]IminX cq]w IWvSv Ah bYmÀYamsW¶v [cn¡p¶Xv AhnZyImcWamWv. BßÚm\w t\Sp¶tXmsS AhsbÃmw hyhlmcnIamsW¶pw ]mcamÀYnIambn {_ÒtabpÅqsh¶pw t_m[yamhp¶p. hfbpw amebpw ]mZkchpw kzÀWamsW¶dnbp¶t]mse. 2. kz]v\¯nse A\p`hhpw DWÀ¨bnse A\p`hhpw X½n A´canÃ. F¶m kz]v\¯nse A\p`hw bmYmÀYyaÃ. CÆn[wXs¶ AhnZybpÅt¸mÄ bmYmÀYyambn tXm¶p¶Xv hnZy t\Sp¶tXmsS ambbmsW¶v t_m[yamIpw. Dd¡¯nse kz]v\w DWÀ¨bn AbYmÀYambn A\p`hs¸Sp¶t]mse. 3. a§nb shfn¨¯n IbÀ IWvSm ]m¼msW¶v IcpXpw. shfn¨w hcp¶tXmsS bmYmÀYyw Xncn¨dnbpw. AÆn[w AhnZy ImcWamWv PKXv bmYmÀYyambntXm¶p¶Xv. {_ÒÚm\w e`n¡p¶tXmsS AXv ambbmsW¶pw {_Òw am{Xta ]mcamÀYnIambpÅqsh¶pw t_m[yamIpw. AXn\m Pohmßmhn\v hymhlmcnI Xe¯nte AkvXnXzapÅq. ]mcamÀYnI Xe¯neXv {_Òw Xs¶bmWv. AYhm Pohmßmhpw ]camßmhpw H¶pXs¶. hnZy t\Sp¶tXmsS CXv Xncn¨dnbpw. Cu AssZzX kn²m´s¯ Ckvemw AwKoIcn¡p¶ptWvSm F¶v BtemNn¡p¶Xn\pap¼v CXv ssZhnItam sshZnItam aX]ctam BtWm F¶v ]cntim[nt¡WvSXpWvSv. {_Òkq{Xs¯ Ahew_n¨n«mWtÃm i¦cmNmcyÀ Cu kn²m´w BhnjvIcn¨Xv. BÀ¡pw FÆn[hpw hymJym\n¡m³ ]mI¯n Ahyàhpw ZpÀ{KlhpamWv {_Òkq{Xw. tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""hm¡pIÄ Ignbmhp¶{X Ipd¡m\pÅ Xnc¡n kq{X§Ä ZpÀ{KmlyamhpIbpw hymJym\w A\nhmcyamhpIbpw sNbvXp.'' ({_Òkq{X, ]pdw23) lmPnan \Iapd FgpXp¶p: ""hymJym\anÃmsX {_Òkq{X¯nse Hcp hmIyw t]mepw a\Ênem¡m³ {]bmkamWv. AXnse Hcp hmIy¯n hnjbtam hnjbntbm CÃmXncn¡p¶Xv km[mcWamWv. Nnet¸mÄ Gähpw {][m\s¸« ]Zw Xs¶

hn«pt]mbncn¡pw. AXnÃmsX hmNIw {Kln¡m\mhnÃ. ctWvSm Gdnbm ]t¯m hm¡pIÄ AS§nbXmWv Hcp kq{Xw. ZoÀLamb kq{Xw A]qÀhamWv. Nnet¸mÄ Hcp kq{X¯n Hscmä hmt¡ ImWq'' ( History of Early Vedantha Philosophy, p. 440. D²cWw: {_Òkq{Xw ssZzXtam AssZzXtam? ]pdw 31) hymJymXmhnsâ `mh\bv¡pw k¦Â]¯n\pw h¼n¨ {]m[m\yhpw {]mapJyhpw ssIhcm\nXv ImcWambn. {_Òkq{Xs¯ Ahew_n¨v ]ckv]c hncp²amb kn²m´§Ä cq]wsImÅm\pÅ ImcWhpw CXpXs¶. i¦cmNmcycpsS AssZzXhpw cmam\pPmNmcycpsS hninjvSmssZzXhpw am[zmNmcycpsS ssZzXhpsaÃmw {_Òkq{Xs¯ B[mcam¡nbpÅhbmWtÃm. aq¶ns\bpw Htct]mse ]T\hnt[bam¡nb ]ÞnX·mÀ {_Òkq{Xw AssZzXt¯¡mÄ ASp¯p \n¡p¶Xv ssZzXt¯mSmsW¶v AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. AssZzX¯nsâ bYmÀY t{kmXÊv A]{`wiw h¶ _u² ZÀi\amsW¶pw Ahc`n{]mbs¸«n«pWvSv. C´y³ ZÀi\§fpsS Ncn{Xw ka{Kambn kaÀ¸n¨ {]apJ ]ÞnX\mb ZmkvKp]vX FgpXp¶p: ""kq{X§fpsS ASnØm\¯n hn[n IÂ]n¡pIbmsW¦n i¦csâ ZmÀi\nI kn²m´s¯ {_Òkq{Xw ]n´pW¡p¶Xmbn F\n¡p tXm¶p¶nÃ. i¦c³ Xs¶bpw ssZzXkz`mh¯n hymJym\n¨ Nne kq{X§Ä AXnepWvSp Xm\pw.'' ( A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. II, P. 2 ) At±lw Xs¶ XpScp¶p: ""Xsâ ZÀi\w D]\nj¯pIÄ ]Tn¸n¡p¶XmsW¶v sXfnbn¡p¶Xnembncp¶p i¦c\v XmÂ]cyw. ]t£, BkvXnIhmZ]chpw ssZzXho£W§tfmSpIqSnbXpamb [mcmfw hmIy§Ä D]\nj¯pIfnepWvSv. `mjm]camb Iuiew F{XbpWvSmbncp¶mepw i¦csâ kn²m´s¯ ]n´pW¡p¶ AÀYw Cu hmNI§fn \n¶v IsWvSSp¡m\mhnÃ.''( Ibid, P.2 ) ""{_Òkq{X¯n\v Bdne[nIw sshjvWh hymJym\§fpWvSv. Ah i¦csâ hymJym\¯nÂ\n¶p `n¶amsW¶p am{XaÃ, ]ckv]cw hyXykvX§fmWv. ssZzX ho£W§Ä¡v Ah \ÂIp¶ Du¶Â ]ehn[¯nemWv. AsXs´ms¡bmhs«, i¦csâ hymJym\t¯¡mÄ kq{X§tfmSv IqSpX ASp¯Xv {_Òkq{X§fpsS ssZzX hymJym\§fmsW¶v Rm³ hnizkn¡p¶p''( Ibid, Vol. I, P. 420, 421 ). i¦cmNmcycpsS A\pbmbnsb¶v kzbw k½Xn¡p¶ {]apJ AssZzXhmZn tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""AhnZysImWvSmWv temIw bmYmÀYyambn tXm¶p¶sX¶ ImgvN¸mSà {_Òkq{XImc\pWvSmbncp¶sX¶v hyàamWv. {]]©krjvSn KuchIcamb {]iv\ambmWv kq{XImc³ IWvSn«pÅXv. kmwJy·mcpsS {]IrXnbà {]]©¯n\p ImcWsa¶pw AXoh _p²nbmb {_ÒamWv AXnsâ krjvSn¡p ]n¶nse¶pw kq{XImc³ hmZn¡p¶p. temIw ambbmsW¶ bmsXmcp kqN\bpw ChnsSbnÃ''( Brahmasutra, P. 252 ). Pohmßmhpw ]camßmhpw H¶msW¶ i¦cZÀi\s¯bpw cm[mIrjvW³ \ncmIcn¡p¶p: ""Pohmßmhv IÀa\ncXamWv. AXv B\µ¯nemWv. KpWhpw tZmjhpw BÀPn¡pIbpw kpJhpw ZpxJhpw A\p`hn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. ]camßmhn\v hyXykvXamb {]IrXamWpÅXv. FÃm ZpcnX§fnÂ\n¶pw AXv kzX{´amWv. cWvSpw XnI¨pw `n¶ambXn\m Pohmßmhnsâ A\p`h§Ä ]camßmhns\ _m[n¡p¶nÃ. Pohmßmhv kpJhpw ZpxJhpw A\p`hn¡p¶p. ImcWw AXv IÀahnt[bamWv. F¶m ]camßmhv AXn\XoXhpamWv'' ( Ibid, 273). ""kÀKiànbmb {_Òw PohmßmhnÂ\n¶v hyXykvXamWv. Pohmßmhn\v kzbw`qhmImt\m kzbw \in¡mt\m IgnbnÃ. {]tbmP\IcaÃm¯Xpw CjvSIcaÃm¯Xpamb IÀa§sfm¶pw {_Òw sN¿p¶nÃ. D]Imc§Ä sNt¿WvS Bhiytam D]{Zh§Ä sN¿mXncnt¡WvS Bhiytam AXn\nÃ. {_Ò¯n\v Adnbm¯tXm {_Ò¯n\v ]¦nÃm¯tXm Bbn bmsXm¶panÃ. Pohmßmhn\v

hyXykvXamb kz`mhamWpÅXv. taÂkqNn¸n¨ ]cnanXnIsfÃmw AXn\pWvSv'' ( Ibid, 355). ""Pohmßmhpw ]camßmhpw H¶pXs¶bmsW¶v \mw IcpXp¶nÃ. F´psImsWvS¶m Ahbv¡nSbnse hyXymk§Ä hyàambn {]kvXmhn¡s¸«n«pWvSv.''( Ibid, 417). Pohmßmhpw ]camßmhpw H¶msW¶ i¦cmNmcycpsS kn²m´s¯ {_Òkq{Xw ]n´pW¡p¶nsö hkvXpX tUm. cm[mIrjvWs\t¸mse \nch[n ZmÀi\nI·mÀ hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. i¦cmssZzX¯nsâ ià\mb A\pIqenbmbncp¶n«pIqSn tUm. cm[mIrjvW\v Xsâ hntbmPn¸v hyàamt¡WvSnh¶Xv AXn\memWv. C{]ImcwXs¶ i¦cmNmcyÀ \nc´cw BhÀ¯n¡p¶ "amb' F¶ ]ZwXs¶ {_Òkq{X¯n HcnS¯pam{Xta {]tbmKn¨n«pÅq ({_Òkq{Xw 3:2:3). kz]v\temIw AXnsâ auenI kz`mh¯nÂXs¶ shdpw tXm¶emsW¶pw DWÀ¨m AhØbnse {]tXyIXIÄ AXn\nsöpw hyàam¡pIbmWv kq{XImc\nhnsS. AYhm, HcnS¯v "amb' F¶ ]Zap]tbmKn¨XpXs¶ i¦cmNmcycpsS kn²m´¯n\v ISIhncp²amb Bibw {]Imin¸n¡m\mWv. kz]v\¯nse A\p`hhpw DWÀ¨bnteXpw Htct]msebmsW¶ hmZamWtÃm i¦cZÀi\w kaÀ¸n¡p¶Xv. bmYmÀYys¯ ]camÀYnIsa¶pw hymhlmcnIsa¶pw i¦c³ cWvSmbn Xncn¡pIbpw hymhlmcnIw ambbmsW¶v hmZn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. F¶m C¯csamcp hn`P\w Xs¶ {_Òkq{X¯n\v A\yamWv. tUm. \Iapd FgpXp¶p: ""CXv hymhlmcnImÀY¯nepÅ hniZoIcWamWv. ]camÀYnI Xe¯nepÅXÃ. ]camÀYnI Xe¯n Ch cWvSpw H¶pXs¶bmWv. i¦c\n \n¶pWvSmhp¶ C¯cw Nn´ {_Òkq{X¯nsâ k¯tbmSv \nc¡p¶XÃ''( History of Early Vedantha Philosophy, P. 460. D²cWw: {_Òkq{Xw ssZzXtam AssZzXtam, ]pdw 44). i¦cmNmcycpsS AssZzX kn²m´w BZymhkm\w thZ§Ä¡pw D]\njZvhmIy§fpsS ka\zb cq]amb _mZcmbWsâ {_Òkq{X¯n\pw ISIhncp²amsW¶v CsXÃmw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p. At±l¯nsâ bYmÀY Ahew_amb KuV]mZ³ C¡mcyw _p²aX¡mtcmSv Xpd¶pk½Xn¨ncp¶p. tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""Xsâ ho£Ww bmsXmcp [Àaimkv{X {KÙ§sfbpw Cuizct{]mà§sfbpw Znhym\p`qXnIsfbpw B[mcam¡p¶nà F¶ ASnØm\¯n At±lw _p²aX¡mtcmSv \nthZ\w sN¿pIbpWvSmbn.''(`mcXob ZÀi\w, hmfyw cWvSv, ]pdw 444) i¦cmNmcycpsS AssZzXw thZhncp²sa¶t]mse¯s¶ bpànhncp²hpamWv. Gsd {]kà§fmb Ht«sd tNmZy§fpsS ap¼n D¯cw \ÂIm\mhmsX ]I¨p\n¡m³ AssZzXhmZnIÄ \nÀ_ÔnXcmhp¶Xpw AXpsImWvSpXs¶. NneXpam{XanhnsS tNÀ¡p¶p: 1. temIw ambbmsW¶v ]dbp¶ i¦cmNmcycpw At±l¯nsâ icochpw imcocnImhbh§fpw a\Êpw _p²nbpw ambbtÃ? {]]©w ambbmsW¶v IsWvS¯nb a\ÊpXs¶ ambbmbXn\m ambbpsS IsWvS¯epw ambbtÃ? AssZzXkn²m´w a\Ênsâ IsWvS¯embXn\m AssZzXhpw ambbtÃ? At¸mÄ temIw ambbmsW¶XpÄs¸sS AssZzX kn²m´w ambbpsS ZÀi\sa¶ \nebn XoÀ¯pw ambbtÃ? 2. _mZcmbW\pw At±l¯nsâ {_Òkq{Xhpw ambbtÃ? ambbmb {_Òkq{X¯n\v ambbmb i¦cmNmcyÀ \ÂInb hymJym\hpw ambbtÃ? 3. bYmÀYamb {_Òhpw AbYmÀYamb PK¯pw X½nepÅ _Ôsa´v? PKXv {_Ò¯nÂ\n¶v A\yasænÂ, {_Ò¯n A[njvTnXsa¦n ]cnhÀ¯\ hnt[bamb PK¯pw ]cnhÀ¯\ hnt[baÃm¯ {_Òhpw F§s\ H¶mIpw? ambbpw ]camÀYhpw XmZmßyw {]m]n¡ptam?

4. bYmÀYamb {_Òw ambbmb {]]©s¯ kzoIcn¡ptam? {_Òw PK¯n\v ImcWamtWm? BsW¦n ImcWamb {_Òw A\´hpw kzbw`qhpambXn\m Imcyamb PK¯pw A\´hpw kzbw`qhpamtIWvSXtÃ? 5. PK¯v i¦cmNmcyÀ ]dªXp t]mse \ngemsW¦n \yq\XbnÃm¯ {_Ò¯nsâ \ngen \yq\X DWvSmIptam? ]m]anÃm¯ {_Ò¯nsâ \ngen ]m]apWvSmIptam? \ngen ]m]hpw ]pWyhpw DWvSmhp¶sX§s\? 6. ambbv¡v AkvXnXzaptWvSm? Csæn C¡mWp¶ PKt¯m? PK¯ns\ P\n¸n¡m³ Ignbpamdv iàamWtÃm amb. AkvXnXzapsWvS¦n {_Òt¯msSm¸w AkvXnXzapÅ asäm¶paptWvSm? F¦n AXv ssZzXamhntÃ? 7. PK¯n\v ImcWw {_Òtam AtXm AhnZytbm? AhnZy BcpsS krjvSnbmWv? {_ÒamtWm AhnZy¡p ImcWw? AhnZy Xs¶ ambbtÃ? At¸mÄ ambbmb AhnZybmWv {]]©w ambbmsW¶v tXm¶mXncn¡m³ ImcWsa¶ kn²m´hpw ambbtÃ? 8. AhnZy ]camÀYnI kXyamsW¶mWv hmZsa¦n ]camÀYnIambn {_ÒhpapWvSv. AhnZybpapWvSv. AXv ssZzXs¯ AwKoIcn¡emhntÃ? cWvSv ]camÀYnI kXyapsWvS¶v k½Xn¡etÃ? AXn\m AhnZy ]camÀYnI kXyamsW¶p ]dªmepw hymhlmcnIamsW¶p hmZn¨mepw ]cam_²ambn¯ocpIbntÃ? 9. kz]v\¯nse A\p`hhpw DWÀ¨bnse A\p`hhpw Hcpt]msebmsW¶ i¦cmNmcycpsS hmZw XoÀ¯pw sXätÃ? kz]v\w bYmÀYamsW¶ tXm¶Â tIhew tXm¶emsW¶Xtà kXyw? HcmÄ hoWv Imep apdnªXmbn kz]v\wIWvSm Im apdnªXmbn tXm¶pw. ]t£, AXv tIhew tXm¶emWv. DWÀ¨bn Im apdnªm AXv tXm¶en \n¡ptam? 10. DWÀ¨bnse A\p`h§Ä¡v ImcyImcW_ÔapWvSmhpw. apdnhpWvSmbmte càsamen¡pIbpÅq. F¶m kz]v\¯n C¯cw ImcyImcW _Ôsam¶panÃmsX kw`h§Ä \S¶Xmbn A\p`hs¸Sp¶p. kz]v\hpw DWÀ¨bnse A\p`hhpw Hcpt]msebsöv CXv AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶ntÃ? 11. kz]v\w kzbw AbYmÀYtam ambtbm AÃ. kz]v\w ImWWsa¦n ImWp¶ hyàn DWvSmhWw; AbmÄ Dd§Ww; kz]v\¯n ImWp¶hbv¡v GtXm AÀY¯n bmYmÀYytemI¯v AkvXnXzapWvSmIWw. AXn\m kz]v\w ambbmsW¶ hmZatà amb? Dd¡w, DWÀ¨ F¶o bmYmÀYy§fn Dd¡sa¶Xv kw`hn¨metà kz]v\w DWvSmIpIbpÅq? PohnX¯n H¶pw IWvSn«nÃm¯ AÔ³ kz]v\w ImWptam? At¸mÄ kz]v\w ImWp¶h¶pw I®v F¶ bmYmÀYyw DWvSmthWvSXntÃ? 12. Ccp«n Ibdv ImWpt¼mÄ ]m¼msW¶v [cn¡p¶Xv Ccp«v, ]m¼v, Ibdv F¶nh bmYmÀYyambXpsImWvStÃ? shfn¨apWvSmIpt¼mÄ IbdmsW¶v Xncn¨dnbp¶Xv Ibdn\v AkvXnXzapÅXpsImWvStÃ? bYmÀY temI¯v Ibdpw ]m¼pw Ccp«psam¶pansæn ]m¼msW¶ tXm¶ÂXs¶ DWvSmhpIbnÃtÃm. AXn\m i¦cmNmcyÀ temIw anYybmsW¶pw AhnZybmWv AXv bmYmÀYyamsW¶v tXm¶m³ ImcWsa¶pw hcp¯m\mbn ]dª DZmlcWw t]mepw {]]©w ambbÃ, bmYmÀYyamsW¶tà sXfnbn¡p¶Xv? 13. ]camÀYnImÀY¯n Pohmßmhpw {_Òhpw Asæn ]camßmhpw H¶pXs¶bmsW¶pw AXn\m Pohmßmhv anYybmsW¶pw hmZn¡p¶ i¦cmNmcyÀ Pohmßmhv {_ÒÚm\w t\SpIhgn ]camßmhv Asæn {_ÒamsW¶v Xncn¨dnbpsa¶v kn²m´n¡p¶p. hymhlmcnI Xe¯n am{Xw AkvXnXzapÅ, ]camÀYnI Xe¯n \ne\nÂ]nÃm¯ Pohmßmhv F§s\bmWv ]camÀYnI Xe¯n ]camßmhmbn amdpI? kqcy\pw shůnepÅ AXnsâ {]Xn_nw_hpw t]msebmWv ]camßmhpw Pohmßmhpsa¶v KuV]mZ\pw

i¦cmNmcycpw DZmlcn¡p¶p. {]Xn_nw_w kqcyt\m kqcysâ `mKtam AÃ. bYmÀY AkvXnXzw t]mepanÃm¯ AsX§s\bmWv kqcy\mbn amdpI? ]camÀYnIambn Pohmßmhv anYybmsW¦n ambbmb Pohmßmhv F§s\bmWv {_ÒÚm\w t\SpI? Pohmßmhv hymhlmcnItam ]camÀYnItam? hymhlmcnIamsW¦n AYhm anYybmsW¦n ]ns¶ F§s\bmWv AkvXnXzanÃm¯ H¶v {_ÒÚm\w t\SpI? ]camÀYnIamsW¦n ]camßmhnt\msSm¸w Pohmßmhpw AkvXnXzapÅhbmbn DWvSmhpIbntÃ? CXv ssZzXatÃ? 14. {_ÒÚm\w hymhlmcnItam ]camÀYnItam? hymhlmcnIamsW¦n CÃm¯ H¶ns\ F§s\bmWv kzmb¯am¡pI? ]camÀYnIamsW¦n {_Òt¯msSm¸w AkvXnXzapÅ {_ÒÚm\sa¶ asäm¶pIqSn DWvSmhntÃ? 15. hymhlmcnImÀY¯n am{Xw \ne\n¡p¶Xpw ambbpw kKpWhpamb kzÀWw, F«pImen, icocw t]mepÅhsb \nÀKpWhpw ]mcamÀYnIhpamb {_Òt¯mSv D]an¨Xv icnbmtWm? hymhlmcnImÀY¯n am{Xw \ne\nev]pÅ, AYhm ambbmb F«pImenbpsS ambbmb \qens\bpw ambbmb icoc¯nse ambbmb apSnsbbpw F§s\ ]mcamÀYnIamb {_Òt¯mSp]an¡pw? 16. AssZzXsa¶Xv kaql¯n¶v kzoIcn¡mhp¶ {]mtbmKnI kn²m´aÃ. C¡mcyw hnZymhmNmkv]Xn hn. ]t\mfn Xs¶ ]eXhW hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv: ""hnthIþhnNmcþsshcmKyimenIfmb BfpIÄ temI¯v ]¯p e£¯nsemcmÄ t]mepansöXmWv bmYmÀYyw. Úmt\mZb¯m A\pKrloXcpw {]m]©nIhkvXp¡fpsS £WnIXzw {Kln¨hcpamb ]pWymßm¡Ä am{Xta tam£mÀYnIfmbn XocpIbpÅq. A{]ImcapÅhcpsS F®w F{Xtbm ]cnanXambncn¡pw.''({io i¦cZÀi\w, ]pdw 136) ""At\Iw tImSnbn Ht¶m ctWvSm t]À bYmÀY¯n apànam{Xw e£yam¡nbhcmbn«pWvSmhmw.''( Ibid ]pdw 14) tImSnIfn Ht¶m ctWvSm t]À¡p am{Xw kzoIcn¡mhp¶ Hcp kn²m´¯n\pthWvSn P\tImSnIÄ \nesImÅp¶Xv \ncÀYIhpw hnUvVn¯hpatÃm. 17. AssZzXkn²m´w AhXcn¸n¨psImWvSv {ioi¦cmNmcyÀ ]dªp: ""IÀaWmw Nm hnZz Zznjbx'' (IÀa§Ä AÚm\nIÄ¡pÅXmWv.) ""`mcXobsc IÀahnapJcm¡n¯oÀ¯p {io i¦cmNmcyÀ'' F¶v Bt£]kzc¯n BNmcysc Aev]w hnaÀin¡p¶pWvSv Achnµ³, "Cutim]\nj¯v' F¶ Xsâ IrXnbn (D²cWw Ibid , ]pdw 35) CXns\ hnaÀin¨psImWvSv hn. ]t\mfn FgpXp¶p: ""hmfnsâ hmbv¯ebneqsS \S¶p\o§pI F¶Xpt]mse ZpjvIcamWv bYmÀY¯n B²ymßNcy. tImSnIfn HcmÄs¡¦nepw kwkmckmKc¯nsâ adpIc]äm³ Ignsª¦n AXpXs¶ alm`mKyw. At¸mÄ `mcXobsc IÀahnapJcm¡n¯oÀ¯p BNmcy]mZÀ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv \ncÀYIamWv.''( Ibid , ]pdw 35) tImSnIfn HcmÄ¡pt]mepw AssZzXw AwKoIcn¨v Pohn¡m\mhnsötà CXv hyàam¡p¶Xv? AtXmsSm¸w kaqlw AssZzXw AwKoIcn¨v Pohn¨m FÃmhcpw IÀahnapJcmIpsa¶pw \mSpw kaqlhpw \in¡psa¶papÅ hnaÀi\w icnbmsW¶v k½Xn¡pIbtà ]t\mfn t]mepw sN¿p¶Xv? 18. i¦cmNmcyÀ ]dbp¶p: ""BßÚmt\mZb¯n AhnZy \o§pw. IÀXrXzhpw t`màrXzhpw Pohmßmhnsâ [Àa§fmWv. Úm\nIÄ¡v IÀ½anÃ. icoc_ÔanÃ. {_tÒm]mkIÀ {_Òambn `hn¡p¶p.'' (D²cWw Ibid ]pdw 113). CÆn[w

AssZzXm\p`hw t\Snb Bsc¦nepw C¶v temI¯ptWvSm? AYhm, Blmcw Ign¡msXbpw aäp imcocnImhiy§Ä \nÀhln¡msXbpw(AsXms¡bpw ambsb Ahew_n¡emWtÃm.) Pohn¡p¶ Bsc¦nepw temI¯ptWvSm? DsWvS¦n BÀ? FhnsS? {io i¦cmNmcyÀ¡pt]mepw IÀaanÃmsXbpw icoc_ÔanÃmsXbpw Pohn¡m³ km[n¨n«nsöXtà kXyw? kzbw BNcn¡m³ Ignbm¯ kn²m´atà At±lw apt¶m«p sh¨Xv? 19. AssZzXw a\pjyÀ¡v Ahew_n¡mhp¶ Hcp PohnX coXn kaÀ¸n¡p¶nsöncns¡ F´mWv Cu kn²m´¯nsâ {]tbmP\w? tImSnIfnsemcmÄ¡pt]mepw BNcn¡m³ Ignbm¯ kn²m´w F´n\v? BÀ¡pthWvSn? C¯cw \nch[n {]iv\§Ä¡v AssZzX¯n D¯canÃ. bpànbpsS hcpXnbn FÃmw hcWsa¶v hmZapÅXn\meà C¯cw {]iv\§fp¶bn¡p¶Xv. adn¨v, FÃmw bpànbpsS shfn¨¯n hniIe\w sN¿p¶ kao]\w AssZzX hmZnIÄ kzoIcn¨Xn\memWv. am{XaÃ, AssZzX kn²m´w bpàn¡v AXoXamsW¶Xà {]iv\w. AbpànIhpw bpànhncp²hpamsW¶XmWv. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ AssZzXw ZmÀi\nI {]iv\§Ä ]cnlcn¡pIbÃ; IqSpX k¦oÀWam¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. Achnµv tLmjv C¡mcyw C§s\ hyàam¡p¶p: ""anYy F¶ AÀY¯nepÅ ambm kn²m´hpw {]]©w AbYmÀYamsW¶ hmZhpw ZmÀi\nI {]iv\§Ä ]cnlcn¡pIbÃ; krjvSn¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. AkvXnXz{]iv\w AXv bYmÀYambn ]cnlcn¡p¶nÃ, adn¨v AXns\ A]cnlmcyam¡n hnSpIbmWv''( Sri. Aurobindo, The Life Divine, 1949, Quoted by Thomas O' Neil, P, 201, D²cWw: {_Òkq{Xw ssZzXtam AssZzXtam, ]pdw: 63) AssZzX kn²m´s¯ Hcp PohnXmZÀisa¶ \nebn DÄs¡mÅm³ AXnsâ D]ÚmXmhmb i¦cmNmcyÀ¡p t]mepw km[n¨nsöXmWv hkvXpX. t£{X§tfm XoÀY§tfm Bhiyansöv iàambn hmZn¨ncp¶ At±lw Xs¶ t£{X§fn t]mbncp¶p. AXnsâ t]cn At±l¯n\v Bk¶acW\mbncnt¡ A\pX]nt¡WvSnhcnIbpapWvSmbn. tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""i¦c³ arXypi¿bn InS¡p¶ L«¯nÂ, Xm³ ]et¸mgpw t£{X§fn t]mhmdpWvSmbncp¶Xns\¡pdn¨v £ambmN\w sNbvXXmbn ]dbs¸Sp¶p. Fs´¶m AXv Cuizcsâ kÀhhym]nXzs¯ \ntj[n¡embn tXm¶nbncp¶p'' (`mcXob ZÀi\w, hmfyw cWvSv, ]pdw 647). AssZzXt¯mSv \oXn ]peÀ¯m¯ Imcy§Ä {ioi¦cmNmcyÀ Xs¶ ]dªn«psWvS¶Xv kpk½Xas{X. hn. ]t\mfn FgpXp¶p: ""{ioaZv `mcXo XoÀYkzmanIÄ (irwtKcn aTw {ioi¦cmNmcyÀ) tImgnt¡m«ph¶t¸mÄ (1985Â) Rm³ At±ls¯ kµÀin¡pIbpWvSmbn. DOrwJeamb ]mÞnXy¯nsâ DSasb¶Xntesd i¦c ZÀi\¯nsâ B[nImcnI hàmhpwIqSnbmWtÃm kzmanIÄ. B \ne¡v BNmcy kzmanIfpsS IrXnIsf¡pdn¨v At±l¯n\pÅ A`n{]mbambncn¡pw IqSpX kzoImcyambncn¡pI. "hntiz¯c i¦c`mjy¯n \nȦw tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅ Bib§fpsS Hu¶Xyw ]peÀ¯m¯Xpw NnteS¯v B Bib§Ä¡v Aev]sa¦nepw a§teev]n¡p¶Xpamb Nn´miIe§Ä "hnthI NqUmaWn' XpS§nb IrXnIfn ImWp¶pWvStÃm' F¶ kwibw Cu teJI³ D¶bn¨t¸mÄ alm\mb kzmanIÄ {]XnIcn¨Xv F§s\sbt¶m? "ImfnZmkIrXnIfmb cLphwi¯nepw aäpw hymIcW\nbaw A\phZn¡m¯ ]e ]Z{]tbmK§fpw \mw ImWp¶ntÃ? GtXm Nne kmlNcy§Ä¡p hnt[b\mbn«v almIhn A§s\sbms¡ ]Z{]tbmKw sNbvXp F¶p hnNmcn¸m\tà D]]¯nbpÅq? BNmcy]mZcpsS hnthINqUmaWn XpS§nb IrXnIfnepw aäp NnteS¯pw ZÀin¡mhp¶ Bib§fpsS hyXnbm\¯nsâ kz`mhhpw Gsd¡psd taÂ]dª coXnbn cq]w ]qWvSXmsW¶p IcpXnbm aXn.''({ioi¦c ZÀi\w, ]pdw 44, 45) {ioi¦cmNmcyÀ¡pt]mepw Ft¸mgpw AssZzXkn²m´s¯ apdpsI ]nSn¡m³ km[n¨ncp¶nà F¶tà CXp hyàam¡p¶Xv? i¦cmNmcyÀ¡v {_ÒÚm\w

e`n¨ncp¶nà F¶pw CXv sXfnbn¡p¶p. e`n¨ncp¶psh¦n BibhyXnbm\w kw`hn¡pambncp¶nÃtÃm. thZhncp²hpw bpànhncp²hpamb AssZzXkn²m´s¯ Ckvemw AwKoIcn¡p¶nÃ. thZ§fpw D]\njZv hmIy§fpsS ka\zb cq]amb {_Òkq{Xhpw ]Tn¸n¡p¶t]mse {_Òw Asæn Cuizc³ AYhm AÃmlphmWv {]]©s¯bpw AXnepÅhsbbpw krjvSn¨sX¶pw Cu temIw anYytbm ]camÀYnI bmYmÀYytam Asöpw ssZh¯nsâ krjvSnbmb £WnI bmYmÀYyamsW¶pw AXv kn²m´n¡p¶p. {kjvSmhv \nÀKpW\Ã; kKpW\mWv. F¶m {kjvSmhpw krjvSnbpw Hcn¡epw Hcp Imcy¯nepw katam kZritam AÃ. {kjvSmhnsâ khntijXIsfm¶pw krjvSnIÄ¡nÃ. {kjvSmhn\v Xpeyambn H¶pansöÀYw. thZhpw {_Òkq{Xhpw kn²m´n¡p¶Xpw CXpXs¶. kÀhià\pw kÀhÚ\pw kÀh\nb´mhpamb AÃmlphns\bmWv JpÀB³ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶Xv. {_Òkq{Xw ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶ {_Òhpw AXpXs¶. "P·mZn AkybYm' ({_Òkq{Xw 1:1:2) F¶Xnsâ hymJym\¯n tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""{]IrXn]camb hymJym\¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nepÅ ssZhimkv{XamWv Cu kq{X¯nepÅXv. A\p`hthZyamb \nco£W§fnÂ\n¶pw BXy´nI bmYmÀYys¯¡pdn¨pÅ kn²m´w \mw cq]oIcn¡p¶p. ASp¯ kq{Xw sshZnI t{kmXÊpIfnte¡v \½psS {i² Xncn¡p¶p. temI¯nsâ kz`mhs¯¸än Nn´n¡pt¼mÄ GI ]ctam¶X bmYmÀYys¯¸änbpÅ \nKa\¯nemWv \msa¯p¶Xv. temIw AkvXnXz¯n\pw \ne\nÂ]n\pw hneb\¯n\pw Ahew_n¡p¶ kzbw ]cym]vX\mb krjvSnssh`h\n \msa¯p¶p''( Brahmasutra, P. 226 ). At¸mÄ i¦cmNmcyÀ Xsâ bYmÀY Ahew_sa¶v AhImis¸Sp¶ {_Òkq{Xw "{_ÒamWv temI¯nsâ krjvSn¡pw \ne\nÂ]n\pw \mi¯n\pw \nan¯'sa¶v (1:1:2) IrXyambn hyàam¡p¶p. {_Ò¯nsâ A`ojvSamWv krjvSnbpsS ImcWsa¶v kn²m´n¡p¶p. Ckvemapw CXpXs¶bmWv ]dbp¶Xv. AÃmlphmWv {]]©¯nsâ {kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pw \mY\pw \nb´mhpsa¶pw Ahsâ CObpw (CdmZ¯v, Asæn aioA¯v) Xocpam\(JZmAv)hpamWv krjvSn¡v ImcWsa¶pw AXv hyàam¡p¶p. CXn\p ISIhncp²amb AssZzX kn²m´s¯ \ncmIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

JpÀB³ ssZhnI{KÙtam? ""JpÀB³ ssZhnI{KÙamsW¶mWtÃm apkvenwIÄ AhImis¸SmdpÅXv. AXv apl½Znsâ cN\bsöpw ssZhnIamsW¶pw F§s\bmWv a\ÊnemhpI? F´mWXn\v sXfnhv?'' JpÀB³ ssZhnIamsW¶Xn\p sXfnhv B {KÙw Xs¶bmWv. apl½Zv \_nbpsSbpw At±l¯neqsS AhXoÀWamb JpÀBsâbpw hyàamb Nn{Xhpw Ncn{Xhpw a\pjycminbpsS ap¼nepv. \_nXncpta\nbpsS PohnX¯nsâ DÅpw ]pdhpw clkyhpw ]ckyhpamb apgph³ Imcy§fpw Hs¶mgnbmsX tcJs¸Sp¯s¸«n«pv. B[p\nItemIs¯ alm·mcpsS Ncn{Xw t]mepw B hn[w hniZambpw kq£vaambpw Ipdn¡s¸«n«nsöXmWv hkvXpX. AÚXmÔImc¯n BpInS¶ncp¶ Bdmw \qämnse Atd_ybnemWtÃm apl½Zv P\n¨Xv. acp`qanbpsS amdn XoÀ¯pw A\mY\mbmWv At±lw hfÀ¶ph¶Xv. sNdp¸¯nÂXs¶ CSbhr¯nbnteÀs¸« apl½Zn\v FgpXmt\m hmbn¡mt\m Adnbpambncp¶nÃ. ]mTimeIfn t]mhpItbm aXNÀ¨Ifn ]s¦Sp¡pItbm sNbvXncp¶nÃ. a¡ kmlnXyImc·mcpsSbpw IhnIfpsSbpw {]kwKIcpsSbpw tI{µambncps¶¦nepw \mÂ]Xp hbÊphsc At±lw Hscmä hcn IhnXtbm KZytam ]Zytam cNn¨ncp¶nÃ. {]kwK]mShw {]ISn¸n¨ncp¶nÃ. kÀKkn²nbpsS ASbmfsam¶pw At±l¯n Zriyambncp¶nÃ.

BßobXtbmSv AXnXo{hamb B`napJyapmbncp¶ apl½Zv a¡bnse aen\amb A´co£¯nÂ\n¶v amdn [ym\¯nepw {]mÀY\bnepw hym]rX\mbn. GIm´hmkw Gsd CjvSs¸«p. hnip² IAv_bnÂ\n¶v aq¶p IntemaoäÀ hS¡pÅ aeapIfnse lndmKplbn GIm´hmka\pjvTn¡sh apl½Zn\v BZyambn Znhyktµiw e`n¨p. XpSÀ¶pÅ Ccp]¯naq¶p hÀj§fn hnhn[ kµÀ`§fnembn e`n¨ Znhyt_m[\§fpsS kamlmcamWv hnip² JpÀB³. AXv km[mcW AÀY¯nepÅ KZytam ]Zytam IhnXtbm AÃ. XoÀ¯pw khntijamb ssienbmWv JpÀBtâXv. AXns\ A\pIcn¡mt\m AXnt\mSv aÕcn¡mt\m InS]nSn¡mt\m Ct¶hsc BÀ¡pw km[n¨n«nÃ. temImhkm\w hsc BÀ¡pw km[n¡pIbpanÃ. A\pbmbnIÄ ssZhnIsa¶v AhImis¸Sp¶ H¶ntesd {KÙ§Ä temI¯pv. F¶m kzbw ssZhnIsa¶v {]Jym]n¡p¶ Hscmä {KÙta temI¯pÅq. JpÀB\mWXv. JpÀB³ ssZh¯nÂ\n¶v AhXoÀWambXmsW¶v AXv At\Iw XhW BhÀ¯n¨mhÀ¯n¨p {]Jym]n¡p¶p. AtXmsSm¸w AXnemÀs¡¦nepw kwibaps¦nÂ, 114 A[ymb§fpÅ JpÀB\nse GsX¦nepw Hc[ymb¯n\v kam\amb Hc[ymbsa¦nepw sImphcm³ AXv shÃphnfn¡p¶p. AXn\v temI¯pÅ GXp kmlnXyImcsâbpw ]ÞnXsâbpw _p²nPohnbpsSbpw klmbw tXSmsa¶ Imcyw DWÀ¯pIbpw sNbvXp. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""\mw \½psS Zmk¶v AhXcn¸n¨n«pÅ Cu {KÙs¯¡pdn¨v, AXp \½n \n¶pÅXp Xs¶tbm F¶p \n§Ä kwibn¡p¶psh¦n AXpt]mepÅ Hc²ymbsa¦nepw \n§Ä sImphcnI. AXn¶v GI\mb AÃmlphns\IqSmsX, kIe Iq«mfnIfpsSbpw klmbw tXSns¡mÅpI. \n§Ä kXyhm·msc¦n AXp sNbvXpImWn¡pI.''(JpÀB³ 2: 23) {]hmNIImew sXm«nt¶mfw \nch[n \qämpIfnse Ckvemw hnaÀiIcmb F®aä IhnIfpw kmlnXyImc·mcpw Cu shÃphnfnsb t\cnSm³ {ian¨n«pv. cnsemc\p`hta AhÀs¡ms¡bpw Dmbn«pÅq. alm`qcn]£hpw ]cmPbw k½Xn¨v JpÀBsâ A\pbmbnIfmbn amdpIbmbncp¶p. Ahtijn¡p¶hÀ ]cmPnXcmbn ]n·mdpIbpw. \_nXncpta\nbpsS Imes¯ {]apJ kmlnXyImc·mcmbncp¶ e_oZpw lÊm\pw IAv_p_v\p kpssldpsaÃmw JpÀBsâ ap¼n \ncp]m[nIw IogS§nbhcn s]Sp¶p. ba\nÂ\ns¶¯nb Xzpss^ens\ JpÀB³ tIÄ¡p¶Xn \n¶v JpssdinIÄ hne¡n. GtXm A´x{]tNmZ\¯m AXp tIÄ¡m\nSbmb {]apJ Ihnbpw KmbI\pamb At±lw ]dªXn§s\bmWv: ""ssZhamW! Ah³ kÀhià\pw kÀhÚ\patÃm. Rm\nt¸mÄ {ihn¨Xv Ad_n kmlnXy¯nse AXpeyamb hmIy§fs{X. \nÊwibw, Ah AXypÂIrjvSw Xs¶. atäXns\¡mfpw ]cnip²hpw. Ah F{X Bib k¼pjvSw! AÀY]qÀWw! F´pta at\mlcw! Gsd BIÀjIhpw! CXpt]mepÅ H¶pw Rm\nXphsc tI«n«nÃ. AÃmlphmW! CXv a\pjyhN\aÃ. kzbwIrXhpaÃ. ssZhnIw Xs¶, XoÀ¨. \nÊwibw ssZhnIhmIy§fmWnh.'' apKodbpsS aI³ heoZv Ckvemansâbpw {]hmNIsâbpw ISp¯ FXncmfnbmbncp¶p. JpÀB³ HmXnt¡Ä¡m\nSbmb AbmÄ Xsâ A`n{]mbw C§s\ tcJs¸Sp¯n: ""CXn Fs´¶nÃm¯ am[pcyapv. ]pXpabpv. AXy´w ^ekar²amWnXv. \nÝbambpw CXv AXyp¶Xn {]m]n¡pw. asäm¶pw CXns\ Iogvs]Sp¯pIbnÃ. CXn\p XmsgbpÅXns\ CXv XIÀ¯v Xcn¸Wam¡pw. Hcn¡epw Hcp a\pjy\n§s\ ]dbpI km[yaÃ.'' hnhcadnª {]hmNIsâ {][m\ {]XntbmKn A_qPlv heoZns\ kao]n¨v JpÀBs\ kw_Ôn¨v aXn¸v Ipdbv¡p¶ Fs´¦nepw ]dbm\mhiys¸«p. \nÊlmb\mb heoZv tNmZn¨p: ""Rms\´p ]dbs«; Km\w, ]Zyw, IhnX, KZyw XpS§n Ad_n kmlnXy¯nsâ GXp imJbnepw F\n¡p \n§sf¡mtfsd ]cnÚm\apv. AÃmlphmW! Cu a\pjy³ ]dbp¶ Imcy§Ä¡v AhtbmsSm¶pw kmZriyanÃ. AÃmlp km£n! B kwkmc¯n Akm[mcW am[pcyhpw khntij kuµcyhpapv. AXnsâ imJIÄ ^ekar²hpw XfncpIÄ

iymakpµchpamWv. Dd¸mbpw AXv atäXp hmIyt¯¡mfpw DÂIrjvSamWv. CXc hmIy§Ä kÀhhpw AXn\p Xmsgbpw.'' CXv A_qPlvens\ AXy[nIw AkzØ\m¡n. AbmÄ ]dªp: ""Xm¦Ä BcmsW¶dnbmtam? Ad_nIfpsS AXyp¶X\mb t\XmhmWv. bphkaql¯nsâ Bcm[y\mWv; F¶n«pw Xm¦Ä Hc\mYs¨¡s\ ]n³]äpItbm? Ahsâ {`m´³ PÂ]\§sf ]mSn¸pIgv¯pItbm? Xm¦sft¸mepÅ alm·mÀ¡Xv Ipd¨nemWv. AXn\m apl½Zns\ ]pOn¨p XÅpI.'' A_qPlvensâ e£yw ]ng¨nÃ. Al´¡Sns¸« heoZv ]dªp: ""apl½Zv Hcp PmehnZy¡mc\mWv. ktlmZc§sf X½n XÃn¡p¶p. `mcym`ÀXr_Ôw apdn¨pIfbp¶p. IpSpw_`{ZX XIÀ¡p¶p. \m«n Ipg¸§Ä krjvSn¡p¶ Hcp PmehnZy¡mc³ am{XamWv apl½Zv.'' F{X {ian¨n«pw heoZns\t¸mepÅ {]KÛ\mb kmlnXyImc\v JpÀBs¶Xnsc Hc£cw ]dbm³ km[n¨nsöXv {it²bas{X. \mÂ]Xp hbÊphsc \_nXncpta\n PohnX¯nsemscmä Ifhpw ]dªn«nÃ. AXn\m At±lw AÂAao³ (hnizkvX³) F¶ t]cnemWdnbs¸«ncp¶Xv. A¯csamcp hyàn ssZh¯nsâ t]cn s]cp¦Åw ]dbpsa¶v k¦Â]n¡pI t]mepw km[yaÃ. am{XaÃ; AXypÂIrjvSamb Hcp {KÙw kzbw cNn¡p¶ Bsc¦nepw AXv XtâXsöpw X\n¡Xn Hcp ]¦pansöpw ]dbpsa¶v {]Xo£n¡mhXÃ. AYhm {]hmNI³ JpÀB³ kz´w krjvSnbmsW¶v AhImis¸«ncps¶¦n Atd_y³ P\X At±ls¯ AXy[nIw BZcn¡pambncp¶p. F¶m At±l¯n\v e`n¨Xv sImSnb ]oU\§fmWtÃm. temI¯v AkwJyw {KÙ§Ä cNn¡s¸«n«pv. Ahbn Gsd {it²bambh Ncn{X¯n Nne amä§Ä krjvSn¡pIbpw hn¹h§Ä¡v \nan¯amhpIbpw sNbvXn«pv. F¶m hnip² JpÀBs\t¸mse, Hcp P\XbpsS PohnXs¯ ka{Kambn kzm[o\n¡pIbpw ]cnhÀ¯n¸n¡pIbpw sNbvX asämcp {KÙhpw temI¯nÃ. hnizmkw, PohnXho£Ww, Bcm[\, BNmcm\pjvTm\§Ä, hyànPohnXw, IpSpw_cwKw, kmaqlnI taJe, km¼¯nI hyhØ, kmwkvImcnI aÞew, cmjv{Sob LS\, `cWk{¼Zmbw, kz`mhcoXn, s]cpamä{Iaw XpS§n hyànbpsSbpw IpSpw_¯nsâbpw kaql¯nsâbpw cmjv{S¯nsâbpw temI¯nsâbpw FÃm AhØIsfbpw hyhØIsfbpw hnip² JpÀB³ ASnapSn amänadn¡pIbpmbn. \nc£c\mb HcmÄ Cu hn[w ka{Kamb Hcp almhn¹hw krjvSn¨ {KÙw cNn¡psa¶v k¦Â]n¡m\mhnÃ. i{Xp¡sft¸mepw hnkvabIcamb hiyiànbm Iogvs]Sp¯n an{Xam¡n amän, Ahsc XoÀ¯pw ]pXnb a\pjycm¡n ]cnhÀ¯n¸n¨ {KÙamWv JpÀB³. cmw Jeo^ Dadp ^mdqJv Cu KW¯nse Gsd {it²b\mb hyànbs{X. C¶pw JpÀB³ Bg¯n ]Tn¡m³ k¶²cmhp¶hÀ A\mbmkw AXnsâ A\pbmbnIfmbn amdp¶p. JpÀB³ am\hkaql¯nsâ ap¼n k¼qÀWamsbmcp PohnX hyhØ kaÀ¸n¡p¶p. a\pjy a\ÊpIÄ¡v kam[m\w k½m\n¡pIbpw hyànPohnXs¯ hnip²hpw IpSpw_hyhØsb sskzcapÅXpw kaqlLS\sb BtcmKyIchpw cmjv{Ss¯ `{Zhpw temIs¯ {]im´hpam¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ ka{Kamb {]Xybimkv{XamWXv. ImemXoXhpw tZimXoXhpw \nXy\qX\hpamb C¯csamcp PohnX]²Xn DÄs¡mÅp¶ Hcp {KÙhpw temI¯v thsdbnÃ. temI¯nse tImSn¡W¡n\v IrXnIfnsem¶pt]mepw JpÀB\ns\t¸mse ka{Kamb Hcp PohnX{Iaw kaÀ¸n¡p¶nÃ. \nc£c\mb HcmÄ¡v Cu hn[sam¶v cNn¡m\mhpsa¶v, t_m[apÅ Bcpw AhImis¸SpIbnÃ. a\pjyNn´sb Pzen¸n¨v hnNmchnImc§fnepw hnizmkho£W§fnepw h¼n¨ hn¹hw krjvSn¨ hnip² JpÀB³ Ncn{X¯n XpeyXbnÃm¯, F¡me¯pw GXp \m«pImÀ¡pw amXrImtbmKyamb kaqls¯ hmÀs¯Sp¯v ]pXnsbmcp kwkvImc¯n\pw \mKcnIXbv¡pw P·w \ÂIn. \qän¸Xn\mev A[ymb§fnÂ,

Bdmbnc¯ntesd kqà§fnÂ, F¬]¯mdmbnc¯ntesd hm¡pIfnÂ, aq¶p e£¯n Ccp]¯n\membnct¯mfw A£c§fn hym]n¨pInS¡p¶ JpÀBsâ {][m\ \ntbmKw am\hkaql¯nsâ amÀKZÀi\amWv. ap¸Xp `mKambpw Aªqän\mÂ]Xv JÞnIIfmbpw hn`Pn¡s¸« Cu {KÙ¯nsâ {][m\{]tabw a\pjy\mWv. F¦nepw Ahsâ amÀKkn²n¡v klmbIamwhn[w Nn´sb Dt¯Pn¸n¡m\pw Imcy§Ä t_m[ys¸Sp¯m\pw hnÚm\w hnIkn¸n¡m\pw Bhiyamb Ncn{Xhpw {]hN\§fpw imkv{XkqN\IfpsaÃmw AXnepv. Cu cwKs¯Ãmw A¡mes¯ P\Xbv¡v XoÀ¯pw AÚmXambncp¶ Imcy§Ä hnip² JpÀB³ A\mhcWw sN¿pIbpmbn. NneXpam{XanhnsS tNÀ¡p¶p. 1. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""kXy\ntj[nIÄ Nn´n¡p¶ntÃ? D]cntemI§fpw `qanbpw H«nt¨À¶Xmbncp¶p. ]n¶oSv \mahsb thÀs¸Sp¯n.''(21: 30) Cu kXyw imkv{Xw Is¯nbXv JpÀB³ AhXoÀWambn At\I \qämpIÄ ]n¶n« tijamsW¶Xv kphnZnXas{X. 2. ""Poh\pÅXns\sbÃmw Pe¯nÂ\n¶mWv \mw krjvSn¨Xv'' (21: 30). Cu hkvXpX imkv{XÚ·mÀ Is¯nbXv kao]Ime¯p am{XamWv. 3. ""AXn\p]pdsa Ah³ D]cntemI¯nsâbpw kwhn[m\w \nÀhln¨p. AXv [qfn(s\_pe)bmbncp¶p'' (41: 11). Cu krjvSnclkyw imkv{Xw A\mhcWwsNbvXXv ASp¯ Ime¯mWv. 4. ""kqcy³ AXnsâ \nÀWnX tI{µ¯n k©cn¨psImncn¡p¶p. AXv {]Xm]imenbpw kÀhÚ\pamb AÃmlphnsâ {IaoIcWas{X.''(36: 38) tIm¸À \n¡kns\t¸mepÅ {]apJcmb imkv{XÚÀ t]mepw kqcy³ \nÝeamsW¶v hnizkn¡p¶hcmbncp¶p. ASp¯ Imew hscbpw kqcy³ Nen¡p¶psh¶ kXyw AwKoIcn¡m³ `uXnI imkv{XÚ·mÀ k¶²cmbncp¶nÃ. F¦nepw Ahkm\w JpÀBsâ {]kvXmhw kXyamsW¶v k½Xn¡m\hÀ \nÀ_ÔnXcmbn. 5. ""D]cntemIs¯ \mw kpc£nXamb taÂ]pcbm¡n. F¶n«pw AhÀ \½psS {]m]©nI ZrjvSm´§Ä {i²n¡pt¶bnÃ.''(21: 32) ASp¯ Imew hscbpw JpÀBsâ hnaÀiIÀ Cu hmIy¯nsâ t]cn ]cnlmkw DXnÀ¡pI ]Xnhmbncp¶p. F¶m Gsd amcIamb tImkvanIv civanIfnÂ\n¶v `qansbbpw AXnse P´pPme§sfbpw a\pjyscbpw Im¯pc£n¡p¶ Hmtkm¬ ]mfnIsf¡pdn¨ Adnhv C¶v kmÀh{XnIamWv. A´co£¯nsâ Cu ta¸pcbmWv D¡IÄ `qanbn ]Xn¨v hn]¯pIÄ hcp¯p¶Xv XSbp¶Xv. ImemhØsb \nb{´n¡p¶Xnepw AXn\v A\Â]amb ]¦pv. aen\oIcWw ImcWw AXn\v t]md ]äptam F¶ Bi¦ ]cnØnXn imkv{XÚ·mÀ \nc´cw {]ISn¸n¡m³ XpS§nbncn¡p¶p. PohnXanhnsS km[yamhWsa¦n JpÀB³ ]dª kpc£nXamb ta¸pc A\nhmcyas{X. izk\¯n\mhiyamb hmbphnsâ aÞes¯ `{Zambn \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xpw Cu ta¸pcXs¶. 6. ""\mw `qansb sXm«nepw ]ÀhX§sf BWnIfpam¡nbntÃ?'' (78:7). ""`qanbn \mw Dd¨ ]ÀhX§fpm¡nbncn¡p¶p, `qan Ahscbpambn sX¶nt¸mhmXncn¡m³. `qanbn \mw hnimeamb hgnIfpm¡n, P\w X§fpsS amÀKadnbm³''(21:31). `qanbpsS k´penXXz¯n ]ÀhX§Ä hln¡p¶ ]¦v ASp¯Imew hscbpw AÚmXambncp¶p. F¶men¶v `qI¼§Ä XSbp¶Xnepw `qtKmf¯nsâ B´cnIhpw _mlyhpamb LS\ kwc£n¡p¶Xnepw AhbpsS ]¦v {]apJ `qKÀ`imkv{XÚ·mscÃmw Du¶n¸dªn«pv.

7. ""\nÝbw, \mw D]cntemIs¯ hnIkn¸n¨psImtbncn¡p¶p''(51: 47). {]]©LS\sb kw_Ôn¨ {]mYanI Úm\apÅhcnseÃmw HSp§m¯ hnkvabw krjvSn¡m³ JpÀBsâ Cu {]kvXmhw ]cym]vXas{X. 8. tlmfpImc\mb kzmaÀUmw F¶ P´pimkv{XÚ³ tX\o¨Ifn IqSv Dm¡pIbpw tX³ DÂ]mZn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xv s]¬hÀKamsW¶v sXfnbn¨Xv 1876þ am{XamWv. F¶m Cu cpw tX\o¨Ifnse kv{XoIfmWv sN¿pIsb¶v ]Xn\mep \qämv ap¼p Xs¶ JpÀB³ AXns\ ]cmaÀin¡p¶ hmIy§fnse kv{XoenwK {]tbmK¯neqsS Øm]n¡pIbpmbn. (16: 68, 69) 9. temI¯nse Adp\qdp tImSn a\pjycpsSbpw ssIhnceSbmfw 600 tImSn cq]¯nemWv. krjvSnbnse almhnkvab§fnsem¶mWnXv. F¶m hnc¯p¼nse Cu almÛpXw a\pjy³ Xncn¨dnªXv kao]Ime¯mWv. F¦nepw hnip² JpÀB³ ]Xn\mep \qämpIÄ¡¸pdw Cu almhnkvab¯nte¡v {i² £Wn¡pIbpmbn. ""a\pjy³ hnNmcn¡p¶pthm, \ap¡hsâ FÃpIÄ tiJcn¡m\mhnsöv? \mahsâ hncÂs¡mSnIÄt]mepw IrXyambn \nÀan¡m³ IgnhpÅh\mbncns¡ F´psImnÃ?''(75: 3,4) 10. kqcy³ hnf¡pt]mse kzbw {]Imin¡p¶Xpw N{µ³ kqcyIncWw X«n {]Imiw {]Xn_nw_n¡p¶XpamsW¶v temIw a\Ênem¡nbXv ASp¯ Ime¯mWv. JpÀB³ C¡mcyw AkµnKv[ambn kqNn¸n¨n«pv. ""D]cntemI¯v tIm«Ifpm¡pIbpw AXnsemcp Zo]hpw {]Imin¡p¶ N{µ\pw Øm]n¡pIbpw sNbvXh\mtcm Ah³ al¯mb A\p{KlapSbh\s{X''(25:61). Cu Zo]w kqcy\msW¶v JpÀB³ Xs¶ hyàam¡p¶p: ""Ah³ {]Imiambn N{µs\bpw hnf¡mbn kqcys\bpw \nÝbn¨p.''(71: 16) 11. a\pjyP·¯n ]pcpj_oP¯n\v am{XamWv ]s¦¶mbncp¶p ]Xns\«mw \qämphsc \ne\n¶ncp¶ [mcW. kv{XobpsS KÀ`mibw Ipªp hfcm\pÅ CSw am{XambmWv KWn¡s¸«ncp¶Xv. kv{XobpsS AÞ¯nsâ ]¦v Xncn¨dnªXv AXn\ptijw am{XamWv. JpÀB³ P·¯nse kv{Xoþ]pcpj ]¦ns\ hyàambn Du¶n¸dªn«pv: ""a\pjytc, \nÝbambpw \mw \n§sf HcmWnÂ\n¶pw s]®nÂ\n¶pw krjvSn¨ncn¡p¶p''(49:13). ""IqSnt¨À¶pmhp¶ Hcp _oP¯nÂ\n¶v \mw \nÝbambpw a\pjys\ krjvSn¨ncn¡p¶p'' (76: 2). 12. Ipªnsâ enwK\nÀWbw \nÀhln¡p¶Xv ]pcpj_oPamsW¶v hnip²JpÀB³ hyàam¡nsb¦nepw imkv{XtemIanXv Xncn¨dnªXv hfsc sshInbmWv. ""{khn¡s¸Sp¶ Hcp _oP¯nÂ\n¶v B¬þs]¬ CWIsf krjvSn¨Xpw Ah\mWv ''(53: 45, 46). Hcp XpÅn C{µnb¯n AkwJyw _oP§fpmhpsa¦nepw Ahbnsem¶p am{XamWv P\\¯n ]¦ptNcp¶sX¶ Imcyhpw JpÀB\nhnsS hyàam¡p¶p. P\nXIimkv{Xw Is¯nb \nch[n hkvXpXIÄ hnip² thZ{KÙ¯n tcJs¸Sp¯s¸«Xmbn ImWmw. AXv khnkvXcamb ]T\aÀln¡p¶XmbXn\m ChnsS hniZoIcn¡p¶nÃ. 13. ""cv kap{Z§sf Iq«nt¨À¯Xpw Ah³Xs¶. H¶v cpNnIcamb sXfn\oÀ. atäXv NhÀ¸pä D¸p\ocpw. cn\panSbn Hcp adbpv. Ah IqSn¡ecp¶Xns\ hne¡p¶ Hcp XSÊw''(25:53). ]Xn\mdmw \qämn XpÀ¡n Aaodp _lvdv k¿nZv Aen dCukv cNn¨ anÀB¯p aamenIv F¶ {KÙ¯nÂ, t]Àjy³ KÄ^nsâ ASn¯«n C¯cw Pemib§fpÅXmbn tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pv. F¦nepw AXv Is¯nbXn\p sXfnhpmbncp¶nÃ. F¶m Ct¸mÄ _lvssd³ Xoc¯p\n¶v aq¶c IntemaoäÀ Zqsc t]Àjy³ KÄ^n D½pkphmenbn h¼n¨ ip²PetiJcw D¸pshůnÂ

IecmsX Is¯nbncn¡p¶p. A§s\ \qämpIÄ¡¸pdw JpÀB³ Adnbn¨ Imcyw Is¯m³ a\pjykaql¯n\v km[n¡pIbpmbn. 14. \qlv\_nbpsS I¸Â PqZn ]ÀhX¯nemWv sN¶pX§nbsX¶v JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p (11:44). Charles Berlits t\mlbpsS \jvSs¸« t]SIw ( The Lost Ship of Noah ) F¶ {KÙ¯n 1883þ Ing¡³ XpÀ¡nbnse Admd¯v ]ÀhX\ncIfnse PqZnaebn 450 ASn \ofhpw 150 ASn hoXnbpw 50 ASn DbchpapÅ I¸Â Is¯nbXmbn hyàam¡nbn«pv. ]cyth£Wthfbn IsSp¡s¸« Cu I¸Â t\mlm {]hmNItâXmsW¶v C¶v AwKoIcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. \nc£c\mb HcmÄs¡¶Ã, Bdmw \qämn \nehnepmbncp¶ FÃm hnÚm\§fpw BÀPn¨ alm]ÞnX\pt]mepw C¯cw Imcy§Ä Is¯m³ Bhnsöv kXykÔXbpsS t\cnb AwiapÅ Ghcpw AwKoIcn¡pw. ssZhnIsa¶v kzbw AhImis¸« Hcp {KÙw As¶¶Ã, XpSÀ¶pÅ \nch[n \qämpIfnepw apgp temI¯n\pw AÚmXambncp¶ C¯cw Imcy§Ä Xpd¶p{]Jym]n¡phm³ ss[cywImWn¡pIbpw Hs¶mgnbmsX Ahsbms¡bpw kXyamsW¶v Øm]nXamIpIbpw sNbvXXpXs¶ JpÀB³ ssZhnI{KÙamsW¶Xn\v A\ntj[yamb sXfnhmWv. kzbw ssZhnIsa¶v AhImis¸Sp¶ Hcp {KÙw imkv{XhkvXpXIÄ A\mhcWw sN¿m³ ss[cys¸«psh¶Xpw ]n¡mes¯ a\pjy[njWbpsS Is¯epIfnsem¶pt]mepw Ahbv¡v hncp²ambnsöXpw BtemNn¡p¶ Bscbpw hnkvab`cnXcm¡mXncn¡nÃ. a\\w sN¿pIhgn ZÀi\§Ä Dcp¯ncnªp ht¶¡mw. imkv{XkXy§Ä Is¯m\pw Igntª¡mw. F¶m Ncn{XhkvXpXIÄ tIhe Nn´bneqsS Dcp¯ncns¨Sp¡pI km[yaÃ. \nc£c\mb \_nXncpta\nbneqsS AhXoÀWamb JpÀB³ KXIme kaql§fpsS Ncn{Xw hniZambn hniIe\w sN¿p¶p. Ahbnsem¶pt]mepw hkvXp\njvTasöv Øm]n¡m³ Ckvemansâ hnaÀiIÀ¡v Ct¶mfw km[n¨n«nÃ. F¶Ã; Ahsbms¡ XoÀ¯pw kXy\njvTamsW¶v e`yamb tcJIfpw {]amW§fpw sXfnbn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. ssZhnI {KÙsa¶v kzbw {]Jym]n¡p¶ JpÀB³ `mhnsb kw_Ôn¨v \nch[n {]hN\§Ä \S¯m³ ss[cys¸«psh¶Xpw Ahsbms¡bpw kXyambn ]peÀ¶psh¶Xpw AXnsâ Aam\pjnIX¡v aXnbmb sXfnhmWv. tSmÄtÌmbn, hnIvSÀ bqtKm, amIvknw tKmÀ¡n, tjbvIvkv]nbÀ, tKmbvsY, sjÃn, an«³ XpS§n Imew \nch[n kmlnXyImc·msc ImWpIbpw, AhcpsS cN\Ifpambn ]cnNbs¸SpIbpw sNbvXn«pv. F¶m \qdv hÀjw ]n¶nSpt¼mtg¡pw temI¯nse GXv alZv{KÙ¯nsebpw ]e ]Z§fpw ssienIfpw {]tbmK§fpw ImelcWs¸SpIbpw {]tbmK¯nenÃmXmhpIbpw sN¿p¶p. tbiphnsâ `mjbmb Acman¡n temIs¯hnsSbpw C¶v ss__nfnÃ. kphntij§Ä cNn¡s¸« `mjbnepw ssienbnepw Ah \ne\n¡p¶panÃ. DÅh hnhÀ¯\§fmbXn\m AhbpsS `mjbpw ssienbpw \nc´cw amdns¡mncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. C´ybnse thZ`mjbpw C¶v PohÂ`mjtbm {]tbmK¯nepÅtXm AÃ. F¶m ]Xn\mep \qämp ]n¶n«tijhpw JpÀBsâ `mjbpw ssienbpw {]tbmK§fpw C¶pw Ad_nbnse Gäw anI¨hbpw AXpeyhpw A\\pIcWobhpambn \nesImÅp¶p. Ad_n `mj Adnbp¶ Bscbpw AXv AXy[nIw BIÀjn¡p¶p. BÀ¡pw AXnsâ Bibw A\mbmkw a\Ênem¡m³ km[n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. CÆn[w \nXy\qX\amb Hcp {KÙhpw temI¯v FhnsSbpw Hcp `mjbnepw Is¯m\mhnÃ. F¶m C¯cw GsXmcp hnhcWt¯¡mfptasd JpÀBsâ ssZhnIX t_m[yamhm³ klmbIamhpI AXnsâ ]T\hpw ]mcmbWhpas{X.

""JpÀB³ ssZhnIsa¶Xn\v Xm¦fp²cn¨ apgph³ sXfnhpIfpw JpÀB\nÂ\n¶pÅhbmWtÃm. CsX§s\bmWv kzoImcyamhpI?'' kzÀWhf kzÀW\nÀanXamsW¶Xn\p sXfnhp B hfXs¶bmWv. amhv amhmsW¶Xn\p sXfnhp B hr£w Xs¶bmWtÃm. "bp²hpw kam[m\hpw' tSmÄtÌmbnbptSXmsW¶Xn¶pw "hnizNcn{XmhtemIw' s\lvdphnsâXmsW¶Xn¶pw {]kvXpX {KÙ§fmWv Gähpw {]_ehpw kzoImcyhpamb sXfnhv. AÆn[w Xs¶ JpÀB³ ssZhnIamsW¶Xn¶v Gäw iàhpw A\ntj[yhpamb sXfnhv B {KÙw Xs¶bmWv.

""Ckvemanse ]ctemI hnizmkhpw lnµpaX¯nse ]p\ÀP· k¦Â]hpw X½n hà hyXymkhpaptWvSm? DsWvS¦n F´mWv? ]p\ÀP· k¦Â]s¯ Ckvemw AwKoIcn¡p¶ptWvSm? Csæn F´psImWvSv?'' acWt¯msS a\pjyPohnXw Ahkm\n¡p¶nà F¶ Hscmä Imcy¯n am{Xta ]ctemI hnizmkhpw ]p\ÀP· k¦Â]hpw H¯phcp¶pÅq. CkvemanI hnizmka\pkcn¨v `qan IÀathZnbmWv. hnNmcWbpw hn[nbpw acWtijw adptemI¯mWv. `qanbnse IÀa§fpsS ASnØm\¯nemWv ]ctemIs¯ c£min£IfpmhpI. ]ZmÀY\njvTamb {]]© LS\bpsSbpw ChnSs¯ AhØIfpsSbpw am\ZÞ§fpsSbpw ASnØm\¯nÂ, ]t©{µnb§fpsS ]cn[nbn \n¶psImv ]ctemIw F§s\bmbncn¡psa¶v k¦Â]n¡pI km[yaÃ. F¶m ssZh\nÀtZia\pkcn¨v hnip² PohnXw \bn¡p¶hÀ¡v AhnsS kÀhhn[ ku`mKy§fpw kpJkuIcy§fpapÅ imizX kzÀKw e`n¡psa¶v Ckvemw ]Tn¸n¡p¶p. ssZh[n¡mcnbmbn ]m]]¦neamb PohnXw \bn¡p¶ A{IanIÄ \cImhIminIfmIpsa¶v ap¶dnbn¸v \ÂIpIbpw sN¿p¶p. acWtijapÅ adptemIs¯ c£min£IÄ \njvIrjvSamb hnNmcW¡pw \oXn\njvTamb hn[n¡pw tijambncn¡pw e`n¡pI. AtXkabw ]ctemIs¯ hnNmcWbpw hn[nbpsams¡ a\pjy\nhnsS \nÀhln¡p¶Xpt]msebmbncn¡psa¶v [cn¡p¶Xv ]cam_²as{X. F¶m c£ e`n¡p¶h³ `qanbnse Xsâ GXp k¡Àaw ImcWamWXv In«nbsX¶pw in£ A\p`hn¡p¶h³ GXp ]m]¯nsâ t]cnemWXn\v hnt[b\mbsX¶pw hyàambdnbpw. At¸mgtà AXv bYmÀY IÀa^ehpw c£min£bpamhpIbpÅq. F¶m ]p\ÀP· k¦Â]a\pkcn¨v acWtijapÅ P\\hpw PohnXhpw ChnsS `qanbn Xs¶bmWv. [Àaw ]men¡m¯hÀ acWm\´cw ip\It\m iq{Zt\m NÞmet\m atäm Bbn hopw ChnsS P\n¡psa¶XmWv ]p\ÀP· kn²m´w. AtXkabw [Àa\njvTamb PohnXw \bn¨m {_mÒWt\m £{Xnbt\m sshiyt\m Bbn ]p\ÀP\n¡psa¶pw AXv AhImis¸Sp¶p. CÆnjbIambn Nne Imcy§Ä ChnsS hniZambn Xs¶ {Klnt¡Xpv: 1. ImcWw hyàam¡pIbpw {]Xnsb t_m[ys¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿msX \mw in£ \S¸m¡nbm AXv XoÀ¯pw A\oXnbmbmWv A\p`hs¸SpI. \mw Bscsb¦nepw ASn¡pItbm PbneneSbv¡pItbm h[n¡pItbm BsW¦n AXv GXv Ipä¯nsâ t]cnemsW¶v hyàam¡pIbpw _Ôs¸«hsc t_m[ys¸Sp¯pIbpw thWw. CXv \oXnbpsS {]mYanI XmÂ]cyas{X. AtXmsSm¸w hnNmcW¡pw hn[n¡pw tijambncn¡Ww in£ \S¸m¡s¸Sp¶Xv. F¶m iq{Zt\m NÞmet\m Hcn¡epw CÆn[w hnNmcW¡v hnt[bam¡s¸«n«nÃ. Ignª P·¯n Xm³ F´p sXäv sNbvXXnsâ t]cnemWv Cu P·¯n CÆn[ambsX¶dnbpIbpanÃ. Ignª P·¯nse IÀa^eamWv Cu PohnX¯nse ØnXn \nÀWbn¡p¶sX¦n AXv GXv IÀa¯nsâ ^eamsW¶dnbWatÃm? {_mÒW\pw £{Xnb\pw X§fpsS GXp ]pWyIÀaamWv AÆn[amIm³ ImcWsa¶pw Adnbp¶nÃ. AXpsImpXs¶ ]p\ÀP·

k¦Â]w IÀa^e kn²m´¯n\pw XZSnØm\¯nepÅ c£min£m hnizmk¯n\pw ISIhncp²as{X. 2. ]p\ÀP· k¦Â] {]Imcw ]m]n cmw P·¯n \oN\pw A[a\pambncn¡pw. A¯c¡mcn \n¶v \nIrjvSPohnXhpw A[ahr¯nIfpamWpmhpI. kpIrX§fpmhpIbnÃ. AXn\m aq¶mw P·w IqSpX A[ahpw ]XnXhpambncn¡pw. \memw P·w AXnepw lo\ambncn¡pw. C§s\ ]m]nIÄ Hmtcm P·¯nepw IqSpX IqSpX ]m]nIfmhpIbÃmsX AhÀ¡v DZvKXn {]m]n¡pI km[ytabÃ. am{XaÃ, ]m]nbmb a\pjy\v ASp¯ P·¯n arKamImw. arK¯n\v ]ns¶ a\pjy\mIm³ km[yamtWm? ]pXpXmbn ]nd¡p¶ a\pjyÀ Ignª P·¯n F´mbncp¶p? F´p ]pWyw sNbvXXnsâ t]cnemWv a\pjycmbn P·wsImXv? C¯cw tNmZy§Äs¡m¶pw ]p\ÀP· kn²m´¯n D¯canÃ. 3. sslµh thZ§fnsehnsSbpw ]p\ÀP· kn²m´anÃ. D]\nj¯pIfnte AXns\ kw_Ôn¨ ]cmaÀihpw hniZoIcWhpapÅq. C¡mcyw tUm. Fkv. cm[mIrjvW³ C§s\ hyàam¡p¶p: ""{_mÒWw ASp¯ temI¯nte P\\acW§Ä \S¡p¶Xmbn kzoIcn¡p¶pÅq. D]\nj¯pIfnembt¸mÄ B hnizmkw Cu temI¯mWv ]p\ÀP·sa¶ hnizmk{]amWambn amdn''(`mcXob ZÀi\w, hmfyw H¶v, ]pdw 224, amXr`qan ]»njnwKv I¼\n, tImgnt¡mSv 1995). AXn\m ]p\ÀP· k¦Â]w thZt{]màasöXv kphnZnXas{X. 4. D]\nj¯nemWv ]p\ÀP·s¯¸än ]dbp¶Xv. PmXnhyhØsb \ymboIcn¡m\pw AXnsâ ISp¯ hnthN\§sfbpw {IqcXIsfbpw \ne\nÀ¯m\pambn BhnjvIcn¡s¸«XmWv AsX¶v BÀ¡pw A\mbmkw a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv. ]p\ÀP·s¯¸än ]dbp¶ OmtµmtKym]\nj¯nen§s\ ImWmw: XZvb Cl caWobNcWm A`ymtim l bt¯ caWobmw tbm\nam]tZyc³, {_mÒWtbm\nw hm £{Xnbtbm\nw hm sshiytbm\nw hm. AY b Cl I]qbNcWm A`ymtim l bt¯ I]qbmw tbm\nam]tZyc³, iztbm\nw hm kqIctbm\nw NÞmetbm\nw, hm (A[ymbw 5, JÞw 10, tÇmIw 7) (Ahcn k¡Àa§Ä sN¿p¶hcmtcm AhÀ thKw Xs¶ D¯a tbm\nIfn sN¶p tNcp¶p. {_mÒWtbm\nbntem £{Xnbtbm\nbntem sshiytbm\nbntem F¯nt¨cp¶p. AXpt]mse Aip`Nmc·mcmbhcmtcm AhÀ Aip` tbm\nsb {]m]n¡p¶p. ]«nbpsS tbm\nsbtbm ]¶nbpsS tbm\nsbtbm NÞmesâ tbm\nsbtbm {]m]n¡p¶p.) CXv DbÀ¶ PmXn¡mcnÂ, X§Ä taÂPmXnbnembXv Ignª P·¯n ]pWyw sNbvXXn\memsW¶pw AXn\m X§fn¶\p`hn¡p¶ {]tXyImhImi§Äs¡Ãmw \ymbambpw AÀlcmsW¶papÅ t_m[w hfÀ¯p¶p. AtXmsSm¸w Xmgv¶ PmXn¡mÀ AÆn[ambXv AhcpsS¯s¶ IÀa^eamsW¶ [mcWbpw krjvSn¡p¶p. Ahsc ]«nIsfbpw ]¶nIsfbpsa¶t]mse \nIrjvS PohnIfmbn ImWm³ t{]cn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. A§s\ PmXnhyhØbpsS FÃmhn[ hr¯ntISpIsfbpw Ac¡n«pd¸n¡pIbpw \ymboIcn¡pIbpamWv ]p\ÀP· kn²m´w sN¿p¶Xv. 5. acWtijw a\pjymßm¡Ä arKicoc¯n \nesImÅp¶psh¶ {]mIrX tKm{Xhnizmk¯n \n¶mWv ]p\ÀP· k¦Â]w cq]w sImXv. tUm. Fkv. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""IÀa]²XnbpsSbpw ]p\ÀP· kn²m´¯nsâbpw Bibw BcyakvXnjvI¯n cq]wsImXmsW¶v Dd¸n¨p ]dbmw. F¶m CXn\pÅ t{]cW e`n¨Xv acWtijw Bßm¡Ä arKicoc§fn IpSnsImÅp¶p

F¶v hnizkn¡p¶ BZn tKm{X¡mcn \n¶mImsa¶ kwKXnbpw \ntj[nt¡XnÃ.''(`mcXob ZÀi\w, hmfyw 1, ]pdw 113) 6. skanänIv aX§sft¸mse¯s¶ lnµpaX¯nse thZ§fpw ]ctemIs¯¸änbmWv ]dbp¶Xv. EtKzZ¯nepw kmathZ¯nepw AYÀh thZ¯nepw ]ctemIs¯ kw_Ôn¨ ]cmaÀiw ImWmw. DZmlcW¯n\v: cmtb AKvt\ atl Xzm Zm\mb kan [oaln CuUnjzm ln atl hrj³ Zymhm tlm{Xmbm ]rYnho (kmathZw, BKvt\b ImÞw: 1þ10þ3) (FÃm B{Kl§fpw ]qÀWam¡p¶ `Khmt\, A§bnÂ\n¶pw Gähpw henb Zm\w In«m³ A§sb R§Ä kt´mjn¸n¡p¶p. Adnhn¶mbpw `qanbn kam[m\¯n\mbpw ]ctemI¯v im´n¡mbpw R§Ä A§sb kvXpXn¡p¶p.) AYÀh thZw, ]ctemIs¯¸än Nn´n¨v k¡Àa§f\pjvTn¡m³ Z¼XnItfmSmhiys¸Sp¶p. ""A\zmct`Yma\pkwct`YmtaXw temIw {i±[m\mx kNt´ (6: 12: 3) thZ§fnse¶t]mse¯s¶ D]\nj¯pIfnepw ]pcmW§fnepsaÃmw ]ctemIs¯bpw kzÀK \cI§sfbpw kw_Ôn¨ [mcmfw ]cmaÀi§fpv. Cuimhmtkym]\nj¯n acWm\´capÅ \cIs¯ kw_Ôn¨v C§s\ ImWmw: Akpcym \ma tX temImx AtÔ\ XakmhrXmx XmwkvtX t{]Xym`nKNvO´n tb tI NmXvalt\m P\mx (a{´w: 3) (kqcy\nÃm¯ B temI§Ä AÚXmÔImcmhrX§fmIp¶p. BßLmXnIÄ, AYhm Cuizc kvacWbnÃmsX hnjbmkàcmbn Ignbp¶hÀ hopw ZpxJ\ncXamb B temI§fnse¯p¶p). kzÀKs¯ kw_Ôn¨v ItTm]\nj¯v ]dbp¶p: ""kzÀtK temtI \ `bw In©\mkvXn \ X{X Xzw \ Pcbm _nt`Xn Dt` XoÀXzmi\mbm]n]mtk timImXntKm tamZtX kzÀKtemtI (1:1: 12) (kzÀKtemI¯v AÂ]w t]mepw `banÃ. AhnsS BÀ¡pw acWanÃ. Pcm\cbm BÀ¡pw `bhpanÃ. AhnsS hkn¡p¶hÀ hni¸n\pw Zml¯n\pw timImZnIÄ¡pw AXoX·mcmbn FÃmhn[ B\µhpw A\p`hn¡p¶p.) a\pkvarXnbnen§s\ ImWmw: \map{X ln klmbmÀYw ]nXm amXm N XnjvTX \ ]p{XZmcm \ ÚmXnÀ [ÀakvXnjvTXn tIhex (4: 239)

(]ctemI¯v klmb¯n\v ANvO\½amsc In«pIbnÃ. a¡tfm `mcytbm _Ôp¡tfm AhnsS {]tbmP\s¸SpIbnÃ. klmbn¡m³ [Àaw am{Xw \nesImÅp¶p.) GIx {]PmbtX P´ptcI Gh {]eobtX GtIm(A)\p`pMvIvtX kpIrXtaI Gh N ZpjvIrXw (4: 240) (Pohn P\n¡p¶Xpw acn¡p¶Xpw X\n¨mWv. kzÀK¯n kpIrXw A\p`hn¡p¶Xpw \cI¯n ZpjvIrXw A\p`hn¡p¶Xpw X\n¨pXs¶.) `KhZv KoXbpw kzÀKþ\cI§fpsS Imcyw Du¶n¸dbp¶p. DZmlcW¯n\v NneXp am{XanhnsS D²cn¡mw. DÕ¶Ipe[ÀamWmw a\pjymWmw P\mÀZ\! \ctI \nbXw hmtkm `hXoXy\p ip{ipa ({]Yam[ymbw, tÇmIw 44) (tl P\mÀZ\m, Ipe[Àa§Ä \in¨pt]mb a\pjycpsS hmkw Fs¶t¶¡pw \cI¯nemsW¶v R§Ä tI«dnªn«pv.) AY tN¯zanaw [Àayw kw{Kmaw \ Icnjykn XXx kz[Àaw IoÀ¯nw N lnXzm ]m]ahm]vkykn (ZznXobm[ymbw, tÇmIw 33) (F¶m AÀPp\m, \o kz[Àam\pkrXamb Cu bp²w sN¿mXncn¡p¶ ]£w kzÀK{]m]vXnbpmhpIbnsöp Xs¶bà kz[Àas¯bpw biÊns\bpw Dt]£n¡p¶XpsImv \n\¡v ]m]w t\cnSp¶XpamWv.) ltXm hm {]m]vkykn kzÀKw PnXzm hm t`m£ytk alow, XkvamZp¯njvT Iut´b bp²mb IrX\nÝbx (ZznXobm[ymbw, tÇmIw 37) (AÃtbm Ip´n]p{Xm, i{Xp¡Ä \ns¶ h[n¨mÂ, \n\¡v kzÀK¯n t]mImw. \o i{Xp¡sf Pbn¡p¶Xmbm cmPya\p`hn¡pIbpw sN¿mw. AXpsImv cmbmepw \o bp²w sN¿m\pd¨psImp thKw Fgpt¶Â¡pI.) thZImew apX¡p Xs¶ ]ctemI hnizmkapmbncp¶psh¶v CsXÃmw hyàam¡p¶p. tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""kzÀKw, \cIw F¶nhsb¸änbpÅ Nne Ahyà [mcWIfn \n¶v Nn´miànbpÅ a\ÊpIÄ¡v Hgnªpamdm³ Ignªncp¶nÃ. ]p\ÀP·kn²m´§Ä At¸mgpw hnZqc¯nembncp¶p. acWt¯msS FÃmw Ahkm\n¡p¶nsö Dd¸v sshZnImcy·mÀ¡v Dmbncp¶p.''(`mcXob ZÀi\w, hmfyw 1, ]pdw 91)

cmlp kmwIrXymb³ FgpXp¶p: ""thZ¯nse EjnamÀ Cu temI¯n\v hn`n¶amb asämcp temIaps¶v hnizkn¨ncp¶p. AhntS¡mWv acWm\´cw k¡ÀanIÄ t]mIpI. AhchnsS B\µ]qÀhw Pohn¡p¶XmWv. XmsgbpÅ ]mXmfw AÔImcamb \cItemIamWv. AhntS¡mWv ZpjvIÀanIÄ t]mIp¶Xv'' (hnizZÀi\§Ä, ]pdw 552). AXn\m ]p\ÀP· kn²m´w A\nkvemanIsa¶ t]mse¯s¶ AsshZnIhpamWv. AXv PmXnhyhØbpsS PoÀWXIÄ kwc£n¡m³ \nÀan¡s¸«XmWv. ]ctemIs¯bpw kzÀKþ\cI§sfbpw kw_Ôn¨ hnizmkamWv CkvemanIsa¶Xpt]mse Xs¶ sslµhhpw. thZt{]màhpw [Àa\njvThpw AXpam{Xas{X. (hniZ ]T\¯n\v UbtemKv skâÀ tIcf {]kn²oIcn¨ "]p\ÀP· k¦ev]hpw ]ctemIhnizmkhpw' F¶ IrXn ImWpI. hnXcWw: CkvemanIv ]»njnwKv lukv)

t£{X{]Z£nWhpw IAv_m Xzhm^pw ""lnµp¡Ä t£{X¯n\p Npäpw {]Z£nWw sN¿p¶t]mse¯s¶btà apkvenwIÄ IAv_¡p Npäpw Id§p¶Xv?'' C_vdmlow {]hmNI\mWv hnip² IAv_ ]p\À\nÀan¨Xv. lÖn\v hnfw_cw sNbvXXpw At±lw Xs¶. At±lw ]WnX IAv_bn {]XnaItfm {]XnjvTItfm hn{Kl§tfm Nn{X§tfm H¶papWvSmbncp¶nÃ. F¶Ã, GIssZhmcm[\bv¡mbmWv C_vdmlow \_nbpw ]p{X³ CkvamCu {]hmNI\pw IqSn AXv ]WnXXv. lÖnsâ `mKambn AXn\p Npäpw Id§p¶ k{¼Zmbw A¶papX Xs¶ \ne\n¶pt]m¶ncp¶p. F¶m ]n¡me¯v P\w AÔhnizmk§Ä¡pw A\mNmc§Ä¡pw ASns¸SpIbpw AtX {]hmNI·mcpsS t]mepw Nn{X§Ä AXn tImdnbn«v Ahsb Bcm[n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. IAv_bnepw AXn\p Npäpw \nch[n hn{Kl§Ä {]XnjvTn¨v Ahsb Bcm[n¡m³ XpS§n. A§s\ GIssZhmcm[\bpsS {]Imi\ambn \S¶ph¶ncp¶ IAv_¡p NpäpapÅ Id¡w hn{Klmcm[\bmbn ]cnWan¨p. Cu L«¯nemWv {]hmNI\mb apl½Zv\_n \ntbmKnX\mbn h¼n¨ hnizmkhn¹h¯neqsS AhcpsS a\wamän Ahscs¡mWvSpXs¶ IAv_bnse hn{Kl§Ä FSp¯pamän AXns\ ip²oIcn¨Xv. A§s\ IAv_¡p Npäpw Id§p¶ Bcm[\mk{¼Zmbw Ckvemw XpSÀ¶pw \ne\nÀ¯n. F¶m AXv hn{Klmcm[\bv¡p ]Icw GIssZhmcm[\bv¡m¡n amän. \ácmbn \nÀhln¨ncp¶ {]kvXpX IÀaw am\yambn hkv{Xw [cn¨p am{Xta \nÀhln¡mhq F¶v \njvIÀjn¨p. A{]Imcw AXnse FÃm Xn·Ifpw t¾OXIfpw Ahkm\n¸n¨v AXns\ ip²oIcn¨p. aX§fpsSsbÃmw t{kmXÊv auenIambn H¶pw AXv ssZh¯nÂ\n¶pambXn\m Bcm[\Ifnepw A\pjvTm\§fnepsaÃmw kam\X IsWvS¯pI kzm`mhnIamWv. C´ybnte¡v IpSntbdn¸mÀ¯ Bcy·mÀ C_vdmlow {]hmNIsâ A\pbmbnIfpw ]n³apd¡mcpambncp¶psh¶ Nne Ncn{XKthjIcpsS \nKa\w ChnsS {]tXyI ]cnKW\ AÀln¡p¶p. AXn\m C_vdmlow \_nbneqsS \S¸m¡s¸« Bcm[\mIÀa¯nsâ cq]]cnWma¯n\nSbmb A\pjvTm\ambncn¡mw ChnsS \ne\n¶phcp¶ t£{X{]Z£nWw. GXmbmepw ssZhs¯ {]Xn\n[oIcn¡m³ {]XnaIfpw {]XnjvTIfpw hn{Kl§fpw Øm]n¡p¶Xns\bpw Ahsb Bcm[n¡p¶Xns\bpw AXnsâ `mKambn Ah Øm]n¨ `h\§sf Npäp¶Xns\bpw Ckvemw A\pIqen¡p¶nsöp am{XaÃ; iàambn hne¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. Bcm[\m\pjvTm\§fnse kam\X aX§fpsS t{kmXÊns\ kw_Ôn¨ kXykÔhpw hkvXp\njvThpamb At\zjW¯n\pw AXphgn aX]camb GIX IsWvS¯m\pw ssIhcn¡m\pw Ignªm AXv AXnal¯mb t\«ambncn¡pw. A¯csamct\zjW¯n\pw ]T\¯n\pw Cu NÀ¨ {]tNmZIamsb¦nÂ!

F´psImWvSnt¸mÄ ssZhZqX³amÀ hcp¶nÃ? ""\_nXncpta\n ssZh¯nsâ A´yZqX\mbsX´psImWvSv? ssZh¯nsâ amÀKZÀi\w C¶pw BhiyatÃ? F¦n F´psImWvSnt¸mÄ ssZhZqX·mcpWvSmIp¶nÃ?'' a\pjycpsS amÀKZÀi\amWtÃm ssZhZqX·mcpsS \ntbmKe£yw. apl½Zv \_n¡p ap¼pÅ {]hmNI·mcneqsS AhXoÀWamb ssZhnIktµiw Nne {]tXyI Ime¡mÀ¡pw tZi¡mÀ¡pw am{XapÅhbmbncp¶p. temIhym]Iambn B ktµi§fpsS {]NmcWhpw AhbpsS `{Zamb kwc£Whpw km[yambncp¶nsöXmhmw CXn\p ImcWw. GXmbmepw AhcneqsS e`yamb ssZhnIktµiw a\pjy CSs]SepIfnÂ\n¶v XoÀ¯pw apàamb \nebn temI¯n¶v FhnsSbpanÃ. F¶m ]Xn\mep \qämWvSn\¸pdw apl½Zv \_nXncpta\nbneqsS AhXoÀWamb JpÀB³ apgph³ a\pjyÀ¡pw amÀKZÀi\taIm³ ]cym]vXas{X. A¶Xv temIsa§pw F¯m³ kuIcys¸Spamdv a\pjy\mKcnIX hfÀ¶p hnIkn¨ncp¶p. {]hmNI \ntbmKm\´cw Gsd¡mew Ignbpwapt¼ A¶s¯ Adnbs¸«ncp¶ \mSpIfnse§pw JpÀBsâ ktµiw sNs¶¯pIbpw {]Ncn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. JpÀB³ a\pjycpsS FÃmhn[ CSs]SepIfnÂ\n¶pw Iq«nt¨À¡epIfnÂ\n¶pw sh«n¨pcp¡epIfnÂ\n¶pw apàambn X\Xmb \nebn C¶pw \ne\n¡p¶p. temImhkm\w hsc AXv AÆn[w kpc£nXambn tijn¡pw. ssZhnIamb Cu {KÙ¯n Hc£cw t]mepw amä¯n\v hnt[bambn«nÃ. AXnsâ kq£vaamb kwc£Ww ssZhwXs¶ GsäSp¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p. Ah³ hmKvZm\w sN¿p¶p: ""Cu JpÀB³ \mw Xs¶ AhXcn¸n¨XmWv. \mw Xs¶bmWXnsâ kwc£I\pw''(15: 9). a\pjycmin¡mbn \ÂIs¸« ssZhnIamÀKZÀi\w hnip²JpÀB\nepw AXnsâ hymJym\hniZoIcWamb {]hmNINcybnepw `{Zambpw kq£vaambpw \ne\n¡p¶Xn\m ]pXnb amÀKZÀi\¯nsâtbm {]hmNIsâtbm BhiyanÃ. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ Ignª ]Xn\mep\qämWvSn ]pXnb thZ{KÙtam ssZhZqXt\m DWvSmbn«nÃ. C\n DWvSmhpIbpanÃ. C¡mcyw JpÀB³Xs¶ Du¶n¸dªn«pWvSv. ""P\§tf, apl½Zv \_n \n§fnepÅ ]pcpj·mcnemcpsSbpw ]nXmhÃ. {]XypX, At±lw AÃmlphnsâ ZqX\pw {]hmNI·mcn Ahkm\s¯bmfpamIp¶p. AÃmlp kÀhkwKXnIfpw Adnbp¶h\tÃm''(32: 40).

kzÀKw hne¡pIfpsS km£mXvImc¯n\v? a\pjy\v AÃmlphn\v Iogvs¸Sm\pw Ahs\ [n¡cn¡m\pw kzmX{´yapÅXpw CÃm¯Xpamb cWvSv hiamWpÅXv. kzmX{´yw \ÂInb taJebn AÃmlp \ÂInb amÀK\nÀtZi§f\pkcn¨v Iogvs¸Sptam Ctà F¶XmWv a\pjyÀ¡pÅ Cu temIs¯ ]co£Ww. PohnX¯nsâ FÃm taJeIfnte¡pw AÃmlp \ÂInb amÀK\nÀtZi¯n Nne hne¡pIfpw \ap¡v ImWmhp¶XmWv. Ahsbms¡bpw a\pjysâ a\Êv sImXn¡p¶XmsW¦nepw hÀPn¡m\mWv AÃmlp IÂ]n¡p¶Xv. hne¡pIÄ¡v Hcp]mSv ImcW§Ä ]dbmdpWvSv. am\pjnIaqey§fpsS ]qÀ¯oIcWw, Bßmhnsâ k´pe\w, PohnX¯nsâ hnip²n þ CsXms¡ Ahbn NneXp am{Xw. A´naambn acWtijw kzÀKhpw e`n¡p¶XmWv. F¦n tNmZyanXmWv: F®n¸dª \·IÄ BÀPn¡m\mbn hne¡nbhsbms¡bpw \msf ]ctemI¯v kpe`ambn A\phZn¡p¶XneqsS a\pjy\nepWvSmthWvS \·IÄ acWsa¶ Xm¡menI AXnÀhc¼n\n¸pdw ]cnanXs¸Sp¯nbXn sshcp[yantÃ? Hcp kv{Xosbt]mepw hy`nNcn¡p¶Xv hne¡nbt¸mÄ ]ctemI¯v CjvSw t]mse A\phZn¡p¶p. aZyw Hcp I¸v t]mepw ChnsS \njn²am¡nbt¸mÄ \msf aZy¸pg k½m\n¡p¶p. Cu temIs¯ hne¡pIfneqsS a\pjy\v k½m\n¡p¶ \·IÄ bYmÀY¯n DWvSmthWvS ]ctemI¯v AXhÀ¡v e`n¡p¶nà F¶v am{Xaà Xmt´m¶nIfmhm³ Ahsc A\phZn¡pIbtà AÃmlp sNbvXn«pÅXv? Fsâ kplr¯mb bpànhmZnbpsS tNmZyamWnXv.

^mdqJv IcnbmSv XetÈcn ]co£Wmebamb Zp³bmhn AÃmlp a\pjy\v kzmX{´yw \ÂInb taJebn A\phZ\obhpw \nÀ_Ôhpw \ntcm[nXhpamb Imcy§Ä \nÝbn¨Xv hn[nhne¡pIÄ a\pjy³ ]men¡p¶ptWvSm F¶v ]co£n¡m\msW¶Xv icnbmWv. ]co£W¯n hnPbn¨hÀ¡v acWm\´c PohnX¯n kzÀKhpw ]cmPnXÀ¡v \cIhpw Dd¸msW¶Xpw kXyamWv. F¶m AÃmlphnsâ hn[nhne¡pIÄ¡v Cusbmcp am\w am{Xaà DÅXv. CltemI¯v a\pjyPohnXw kmam[m\]qÀWhpw kp`n£hpw Bbncn¡Wsa¦nÂXs¶ bpànam\mb AÃmlphnsâ IÂ]\IÄ ]ment¨ aXnbmhq. Asæn AcmPIXzhpw Aim´nbpamWv ^esa¶v Ct¶hscbpÅ Ncn{Xm\p`h§Ä am{Xaà hÀ¯am\Ime kmlNcy§fpw sXfnbn¡p¶p. tNmZyIÀ¯mhv FSp¯n« DZmlcW§Ä Xs¶sbSp¡mw. ss\anjnIkpJ¯n\p thWvSn hy`nNmcw \nbam\pkrXam¡n F¶p Xs¶ IcpXpI (Ht«sd cmPy§fn AXnt¸mÄ IpäIcaÃ). F¦n hÃhsâbpw amXmhpamtbm ktlmZcnbpamtbm `mcybpamtbm ]p{Xnbpamtbm Bbncn¡WatÃm Cu AhnlnX_Ôw Øm]n¡p¶Xv? kz´w Imcy¯n Bsc¦nepw AXv k½Xn¡m³ XbmdmtWm? k½XanÃmsX \S¶m AXpWvSm¡p¶ {]XymLmX§Ä kzmØyhpw kpJhpamtWm AtXm Ipg¸hpw AcmPIXzhptam? a\ÊaXw DWvSmbn F¶pXs¶ IcpXpI. AXpsImWvSv FbnUvtkm DjvWtcmK§tfm CÃmXmhptam? Pmck´XnIÄ CÃmXncn¡ptam? IpSpw_Iel§Ä Hgnhm¡m\mhptam? At¸mÄ hy`nNmc \ntcm[sa¶Xv tIhew `uXnIambnt¸mepw A\pt]£yamsW¶v hyàamWv. CXpXs¶ aZy¯nsâbpw IY. IpSn¡p¶h\v ss\anjnIambn Ft´m lcw ]Icm³ aZy¯n\v km[n¨mÂXs¶ AXpaqew elcnbpw elcn _m[n¨hsâ ]cm{Ia§fpw BtcmKy{]iv\§fpw XSbm³ hne¡nÃmbva¡v km[n¡ptam? aZy\ntcm[w thsWvS¶v ]dbp¶ aZy]À t]mepw ]dbp¶Xv AXv A{]mtbmKnIamWv F¶mWv; aZyw KpWIcamsW¶Ã. NqjtWm]m[nbmb ]enisb¡pdn¨pw sIme, sImÅ, tamjWw, hnizmkh©\ XpS§nb IpäIrXy§sf¡pdn¨pw {]kàamWv Cu adphiw. Npcp¡¯nÂ, ]ctemItam£w F¶ Hscmä _nµphn HXp§p¶Xà ssZhnI hn[nhne¡pIfpsS {]kàn; sFlnI kam[m\¯n\pw AXv IqSntb Xocq. C\n ]ctemI¯nse Imcyw. kzÀK¯n hne¡pIsfms¡bpw \o§psa¶pw hy`nNmchpw aZy]m\hpw aäp IpäIrXy§fpw btYjvSw \S¡psa¶pw BcmWv ]dªXv? `uXnIPohnX e£yamb ssZh{]oXn t\Sn¡gnªncns¡ Bcm[\m\pjvTm\§Ä¡v {]kàn acWm\´c PohnX¯n CsöXv icn. AtXkabw kzÀK¯n e`n¡p¶ aZy¯n\v elcn Csöv JpÀB³ kwibmXoXambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv (37:44þ47). A]vkcÊpIfmIs« AÃmlp kzÀKmhIminIÄ¡mbn Hcp¡nb CWIfmWv; AhÀ aämcpsSbpw kv]Ài\w G¡m¯hcpamWv. AhcpambpÅ ssewKnIPohnXw hy`nNmcamhp¶sX§s\? GI]Xv\o{hXw kzÀK¯n BhiyansöXv am{XamWv kw`hw. ]ns¶ km¼¯nI ]cm[o\XItfm {]iv\§tfm CÃm¯Xn\m ]eni, NqXm«w, tamjWw, sImÅ, ssI¡qen t]mepÅ Ipä§fpsS {]iv\hpw DÛhn¡p¶nÃ. FÃmhcpw ka·mcpw ]ckv]cw ]Itbm shdpt¸m hntZzjtam CÃm¯ Bßkplr¯p¡fpw Bbn Ignbp¶, {]hmNI·mcpsSbpw almßm¡fpsSbpw klhmkw e`yamhp¶, kÀthm]cn ssZh{]oXnbpw kmao]yhpw F¶ AhmNyamb B\µw A\p`hn¡p¶ AXpeyamb A\p`qXnbmbncn¡pw JpÀB³ hn`mh\w sNbvX kzÀKw. CXp thsWvS¶v sh¡p¶hÀ¡v \jvSamhp¶Xv AXp am{Xaà CltemI¯nse kam[m\w IqSnbmWv.

a\Êv hnimeamhWw apkvenw ]ÅnbpsS kao]¯v Xmakn¨ncp¶ ktlmZc kapZmb¯nÂs]« am\y\pw \m«pImÀ¡v {]nbs¸«h\pamb hyàn acWs¸«t¸mÄ acWhnhcw {]kvXpX ]ÅnbpsS D¨`mjnWnbneqsS Adnbn¡pIbpWvSmbn. Cu \S]SnbpsS t]cn bmYmØnXnIÀ tImfnf¡w krjvSn¨ncn¡pIbmWv. {]XnIcWw?

_ lpaX kaql¯n Pohn¡p¶ apkvenwIÄ a\Ênem¡pIbpw Xncp¯pIbpw \S¸m¡pIbpw sNt¿WvS Nne Imcy§fpWvSv. Ckvemw k¦pNnXhpw hÀKobhpw ]£]mX]chpamb Hcp PohnXZÀi\aÃ. AXv apgph³ a\pjyscbpw kwt_m[\ sN¿p¶, kam[m\]camb klhÀ¯nXzhpw kulrZhpw DZvtLmjn¡p¶ BZÀiamsW¶ kXyamWv H¶maXmbn DÄs¡mtÅWvSXv. shdpw ]mc¼cyaXambpw am\hnIXbpsS apJw \jvSs¸« BNmcm\pjvTm\§fpsS N«¡qSmbpw Ckvemans\ sXän²cn¨XmWv {]iv\§fpsS \mcmbthcv. AÃmlphns\ Bcm[n¡m³ am{Xambn \nÀanXamb ]ÅnIfneqsS kÀhhn[ inÀ¡vþ_nZvA¯pIfpsSbpw i_vZtLmjw ]mSpsWvS¶pw X§fpsS Ab¡mcmb a\pjysc¡pdn¨ \nÀtZmjamb Hcdnbn¸p t]mepw ]mSnsöpw hmZn¡p¶Xv hnhct¡Snsâbpw _p²niq\yXbpsSbpw BgamWv Ipdn¡p¶Xv. Hcp arXtZlw J_vdS¡m³ sImWvSpt]mhp¶Xv ImWm\nSbmb {]hmNI³(k) BZckqNIambn Fgpt¶äp\n¶p. AXpIWvS injy·mÀ a¿n¯v blqZnbptSXmsW¶v HmÀan¸n¨p. "Abmfpw a\pjy\tÃ' F¶mbncp¶p ]pWy{]hmNIsâ {]XnIcWw. Aapkvenw {]Xn\n[nkwL§fpambn At±lw NÀ¨IÄ \S¯nbXv AXnhnip²amb Xsâ ]Ånbn sh¨mbncp¶p. Cu kwkvImcamWv bYmÀY hnizmknIÄ¡v amXrI.

Ip^vdpw Im^ndpw "Im^nÀ.' F¶ ]Z{]tbmKw hgn apkvenwIÄ lnµp¡sf \nµn¡pIbpw iImcn¡pIbpw i{Xp¡fmbn AIäpIbpw sN¿p¶psh¶ Btcm-]Ww hkvXpXbv¡v \nc¡p¶-XmtWm ? BÀ. Fkv.Fkv, hnizlnµp]cnj¯v XpS§nb ]cnhmÀ kwLS\IÄ apkvenwkapZmbt¯mSv AhcpsS aXkwÚIfnÂ\n¶pw thZ¯nÂ\n¶pw hÀPn¡m³ Bhiys¸« ]ZmhenIfn H¶mWv "Im^nÀ.' Cu ]Z{]tbmK¯neqsS apkvenwIÄ lnµp¡sf \nµn¡pIbpw iImcn¡pIbpw i{Xp¡fmbn AIäpIbpw sN¿p¶psh¶mWmt£]w. hmkvXh¯n ASnØm\clnXamb Hcp sXäp[mcWbmWnXv. "Im^nÀ' F¶ ]Z¯nsâ AÀYw hniIe\w sN¿pt¼mÄ AXv hyàamIp¶XmWv. "Ip^vdv' F¶ aqe]Z¯nsâ IÀXrcq]amWv "Im^nÀ'. ad¡pI, aqSpI F¶mWv "Ip^vdn'sâ auenIamb `mjmÀYw. "Im^nÀ' F¶m ad¡p¶h³, aqSp¶h³. hkvXp¡sf Ccp«psImWvSpaqSp¶Xv F¶ Bibs¯ ASnØm\am¡n cmhns\ "Im^nÀ' F¶p hntijn¸n¡mdpWvSv. Im^ndnsâ AÀY¯n\v ]pjvSntbIp¶ cq]amWv "I^v^mÀ'. A[nIw ad¡p¶h³, Gsd aqSp¶h³ F¶ÀYw. Im^ndnsâ ]cymbambpw IÀjI³ F¶ AÀY¯nepw Cu ]Zw D]tbmKn¡mdpWvSv. cWvSÀY§fnepw JpÀB³ CXp]tbmKn¨Xmbn ImWmw. 2:276þse "hÃmlp em bplnºp Ipà I^v^mdn³ Akow' F¶ hmIy¯nsâ AÀYw "ITn\\ntj[nbpw Ipähmfnbpamb Bscbpw AÃmlp kvt\ln¡pIbnÃ' F¶mIp¶p. 57:20þse "AAvP_ Ip^v^md \_mXplp' F¶ hmIy¯nse Ip^v^mÀ, I^v^mdnsâ _lphN\amWv. hbense hnfbpsS {]kcn¸mÀ¶ hfÀ¨bpw kar²nbpw IÀjIsc IuXpIs¸Sp¯n F¶mWÀYw. hn¯pIÄ [mcmfambn a®n Ipgn¨paqSp¶hÀ F¶ Bibw ]cnKWn¨mWv IÀjIsc "Ip^v^mÀ' F¶p hnfn¡p¶Xv.

CtXt]mse "Ip^vdn'sâ AÀYs¯ ]pjvSns¸Sp¯p¶ cq]§fmWv "Ip^qÀ', "Ip^vdm³' F¶nh. \¶mbn aqSpI, I«nbn aqSpI F¶ÀYw. Im^ndn\v Im^qÀ F¶pw Hcp]mTt`ZapWvSv. ]q¡peIsfbpw ]g¡peIsfbpw s]mXnbp¶ sImXp¼mWv Im^qÀ. IÀ¸qcw F¶ AÀY¯nepw JpÀB³ Im^qÀ D]tbmKn¨n«pWvSv (86:5). Ip^vdnÂ\n¶pÛhn¨ asämcp ]ZamWv I^v^md¯v. {]mbÝn¯w F¶mWnXn\ÀYw. ]m]§sf ]cnlmc{InbIÄsImWvSp aqSpIbmWtÃm {]mbÝn¯w. JpÀB³ 5:89þmw kqà¯n "ZmenI I^v^mdXp Abvam\nIpw' (AXv \n§fpsS {]XnÚmewL\¯n\pÅ {]mbÝn¯amIp¶p) F¶v {]kvXmhn¡p¶pWvSv. aqSpI, ad¡pI F¶o AÀY§fnÂ\n¶pXs¶ Ip^vdn\v \µntISv F¶ AÀYhpw h¶ptNÀ¶p. A]c\nÂ\n¶v X\n¡v e`n¨ D]Imc§fpw HuZmcy§fpw ad¡pIbpw ad¨psh¡pIbpamWtÃm \µntISv. Cu AÀY¯n JpÀB³ 2:152þ C§s\ h¶n«pWvSv: "hivIpdq eo hem XIv^pdq³' (Ft¶mSv \µnbpÅhcmbncn¡phn³, IrXLv\cmhmXncn¡phn³). ad¡pI, aqSpI F¶ Bibs¯ B[mcam¡n¯s¶bmWv Ip^vdn\v \ntj[w F¶ AÀYhpw kn²n¨Xv. Xm³ {Kln¨ kwKXn XÅn¡fbpItbm ad¨psh¡pItbm BWtÃm \ntj[w. Cu Bibs¯ kqNn¸n¡m\mWv hnip²JpÀB³ Ip^vdpw AXnsâ XÛh§fpw A[nIw D]tbmKn¨n«pÅXv. Cu ]Z§Ä Ckvemansâ kmt¦XnIkwÚIfn DÄs¸«Xpw Cu ASnØm\¯n Xs¶. apkvenwIÄ km[mcWbmbn Im^nÀ F¶p]tbmKn¡p¶Xv Aapkvenw AYhm CkvemwaX¯n hnizkn¡m¯h³ F¶ AÀY¯nemWv. CXv A{X kq£vaamb {]tbmKaÃ. bYmÀY¯n Ckveman hnizkn¡m¯hÀ FÃmw Im^nÀ BIp¶nÃ. Ckvemans\ icn¡v {Kln¨tijw \ntj[n¡p¶h\mWv bYmÀY Im^nÀ. Ckvemans\ Adnbm¯XpsImtWvSm a\Ênem¡m¯XpsImtWvSm amdn\n¡p¶h³ Pmln (AÚ³) BIp¶p. CkvemanI]ÞnX·mÀ Im^ndns\ \nÀhNn¨n«pÅXn§s\bmWv: ""GIssZhXzw, {]hmNIXzw, icoA¯v Cu aq¶p Imcy§sf apgph\mtbm Asæn AXn GsX¦nepsam¶ns\tbm \ntj[n¡p¶h\mIp¶p Im^nÀ'' (Camw dmKn_v þA ap^vdZm¯p ^o Kco_n JpÀB³). Cu aq¶p Imcy§sf AdnbpItbm a\Ênem¡pItbm sN¿m¯h³ AXns\ \ntj[n¡p¶ {]iv\anÃtÃm. Cu AÀYhniIe\¯nÂ\n¶v Hcp Imcyw hyàamIp¶p. Im^nÀ kt`yXctam \nµmkqNItam Bb ]ZaÃ. apkvenwIÄ AapkvenwIsf sam¯¯n Im^ndpIÄ F¶p hnfn¡p¶Xn A\h[m\XbpsWvS¦n IqSn AsXmcp iImctam `ÀÕ\tam BIp¶nÃ. a\pjy³ Nne kwKXnIfn kzoIcn¡p¶ kao]\s¯ Bkv]Zn¨pÅ Hcp hntijWw am{XamWv Im^nÀ. Im^nÀ F¶ kwÚtbmSv kwLv]cnhmdn\v AeÀPn tXm¶p¶psh¦n AXn\p ImcWw B ]Z¯nsâ AÀYtam Ckvemtam AÃ. {]XypX, sslµh]mc¼cyw Xs¶bmWv. ]qÀhIme§fn lnµp¡Ä AhcÃm¯hsc hnfn¨ncp¶Xv t¾O³, \oN³, Akpc³, Zkyp, Abn¯¡mc³ Fs¶ms¡bmbncp¶p. Cu t]cpIsfÃmw kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv A§s\ hnfn¡s¸Sp¶hcpsS A[aXzs¯bpw \nµyXsbbpw hnfn¡p¶hcpsS htcWyXsbbpw ta[mhnXzs¯bpamWv. hr¯nsI«hcpw XmWhcpw Aip²cpamWv t¾O·mÀ. A[acpw am\pjnImhImi§Ä¡v AÀlXbnÃm¯hcpamWv \oN·mÀ. hninjvScpw kzÀKtemIhmknIfpamIp¶p kpc·mÀ. AXnsâ hn]coXamWv Akpc·mÀ. ZpjvScpw \cIobcpw injvSP\hntcm[nIfpamWhÀ. khÀWhÀ¡v AYhm {_mÒWÀ¡v Zmkyhr¯n sNt¿WvShcmWv Zkyp¡Ä. {ZmhnUÀ apgph³ Zkyp¡fmWv. lnµpaXw kzoIcn¨m t]mepw t¾OÀ¡pw Akpc·mÀ¡pw Zkyp¡Ä¡pw kpc·mtcm {_mÒWtcm khÀWtcm H¶pw Bbn¯ocm\mhnÃ. A{X¡v \oNcmWv Ahscms¡. PoÀWamb Cu ]mc¼cy¯nsâ ]Ým¯e¯nemWv ]cnhmÀ kwLS\IÄ Im^ndns\ hnebncp¯p¶Xv. Im^nÀ F¶ i_vZs¯ t¾O³, Akpc³, Zkyp

XpS§nb \nµmkqNIhpw Ahtlf\]chpamb kwt_m[\bmbn tIÄ¡pIbmWhÀ. ]t£, ]cnhmÀ kwL§Ä [cn¡p¶Xpt]mepÅ ZpcÀY§sfm¶pw Ip^vdn\pw Im^ndn\pw CÃ. apkvenwIÄ Im^nÀ F¶p ]dbpt¼mÄ Ckvemans\ kzoIcn¡m¯, Asæn \ntj[n¡p¶ BÄ Ft¶ AÀYapÅq. AÃmsX \oN³, \nµy³, t¾O³ XpS§nb AÀY§sfm¶pw AXn\nÃ. Ip^vdns\ (\ntj[s¯) kzbw Hcp \nIrjvSXtbm Xn·tbm Bbn Ckvemw ImWp¶panÃ. \ntj[n¡s¸Sp¶Xnsâ aqeyamWv \ntj[s¯ hÀPytam htcWytam B¡p¶Xv. \ntj[n¡s¸Sp¶Xv kXyhpw [ÀahpamsW¦n B \ntj[w \nIrjvShpw \njn²hpamIp¶p. AkXyhpw A[ÀahpamWv \ntj[n¡s¸Sp¶sX¦n AXv a\pjy³ \nÀ_Ô_m[yXbmbn A\pimkn¡s¸« \ntj[amIp¶p. Cu Ip^vdv (\ntj[w) apkvenwItfmSv Xs¶ hnip² JpÀB\neqsS A\pimkn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. 2:256þmw kqà¯n C§s\ ImWmw: ^a³ bIv^pÀ _nXzmKqXn hbpAvan³ _nÃmln ^JZv CkvXwkI _n DÀhXn hpkvJm (ss]imNnIiànIfpsS t\sc Im^nÀ þ\ntj[nþ BhpIbpw AÃmlphn hnizkn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶h\mtcm Ah³ _enjvTamb ]nSn¡bdn ]nSn¨ncn¡p¶p). Cuamsâ (hnizmkw) adphiamWv Ip^vdv F¶s{X Cu hmIyw hyàam¡p¶Xv. AÃmlphnepÅ hnizmk¯nsâ ap¶p]m[nbmWv ss]imNnIiànItfmSpÅ \ntj[w. AXnÃmsX hnizmkw ]qÀWamIp¶XÃ. ss]imNnIiànIfpsS Im^nÀ BWv bYmÀY apkvenw. Ip^vdpw Im^ndmIepw (\ntj[hpw \ntj[nbmhepw) kzbw Xn·bmbncp¶psh¦n JpÀB³ apkvenwItfmSv AX\pimkn¡pIbnÃmbncp¶p. C\n kwLv]cnhmdnsâ CwKnXa\pkcn¨v Im^nÀ i_vZw aXkwÚIfnÂ\n¶pw thZ¯nÂ\n¶pw apkvenwIÄ ambv¨pIfªp F¶p Xs¶ sh¡pI. F¶mepw Ckvemans\ \ntj[n¡p¶hsc Ipdn¡m³ asämcp ]Zw thWvSnhcpatÃm. AXn\v kwLv]cnhmÀ \nÝbn¨pX¶ Hcp ]Zw Xs¶ kzoIcn¨psh¶pw sh¡pI. At¸mÄ B ]Zhpw C¶v Im^nÀ F¶ ]Zw hln¡p¶ AÀYw Xs¶btà hln¡pI? a¬sh«nbpsS t]cv Fgp¯mWn F¶m¡n amänbm a¬sh«n a®pInf¡m³ ]äm¯Xpw ISemkn FgpXm³ ]äp¶Xpamb D]IcWambn¯ocptam? t\cs¯ t¾Ocpw Akpccpw \oNcpambn hntijn¸n¡s¸«ncp¶ ZenXÀ, _u²À, kn¡paX¡mÀ XpS§nbhsc ASp¯Ime¯mbn ]cnhmÀ kwL§Ä lnµp¡Ä F¶p hnfn¨pXpS§nbn«pWvSv. AXpt]mse apkvenwIÄ sslµhktlmZc·msc apkvenwIÄ F¶p Xs¶ hnfn¨pXpS§nbm kwLv]cnhmÀ k½Xn¡ptam?

bp²hpw PnlmZpw CkvemanI kmt¦XnI]Zamb "PnlmZn'sâ AÀYhpw hnh-£bpw F´v ? CkvemwaX¯nse DZm¯amb ]cnIÂ]\Ifnsem¶mWv PnlmZv. hnizmkn X\n¡pÅsX´nt\¡mfpw þ kz´w Poht\¡mÄ hsc þhnizmkXmÂ]cy§Ä¡p {]m[m\yw IÂ]n¡pIbpw AXnsâ kwc£W¯n\mbn ITn\m[zm\¯nteÀs¸SpIbpw sN¿pI. A§s\ GÀs¸Sp¶h³ "apPmlnZv' F¶v hnfn¡s¸Sp¶p. Xt¶¡mÄ hepXmbn Xsâ BZÀis¯bpw AXnsâ km£mXvImcs¯bpw ImWp¶hÀt¡ apPmlnZpIfmhm³ Ignbq. Ckvemansâ kmt¦XnI`mjbn PnlmZv \nÀhNn¡s¸Sp¶Xn§s\bmWv: "aXmZÀi§Ä kz´w PohnX¯n ]IÀ¯p¶Xn\pw kz´w Npäp]mSn {]Ncn¸n¡p¶Xn\pw AXns\Xnsc DbÀ¶phcp¶ FXnÀ¸pIsf t\cnSp¶Xn\pw Ignhnsâ ]camh[n ]cn{ian¡pI'. Cu ]cn{iaamWv CkvemwaX¯nsâ X\nabpw hnip²nbpw Im¯pkq£n¡p¶Xpw AXnsâ {]t_m[\ss\c´cyw Dd¸phcp¯p¶Xpw. AXn\m PnlmZv hnizmknIfpsS kp{][m\amb kmaqlnI_m[yXbmbn F®s¸«ncn¡p¶p. PnlmZv {]kàamb kµÀ`¯n AXn\p t\XrXzw sImSp¡m³ {]m]vXamb kaqlw Csæn AXv B {]kàn t_m[ys¸Sp¶ hyànIfpsS _m[yXbmbn¯ocp¶p. DZmlcWambn kaql¯n aXmZÀi¯n\p hncp²amb Hcp A\mNmcw {]Ncn¡p¶p. AXp XStbWvSXv kaqlt\XrXz¯nsâ ISabmWv. kaqlw Ft´m ImcW¯m B ISa GsäSp¡p¶nÃ. F¦n Cu A\mNmcs¯¸än

t_m[hm\mIp¶ GXp hnizmknbpw AXv XSbp¶Xn\v X¶memIp¶ {]hÀ¯\w \S¯m³ _m[yØ\mIp¶p. At¸mÄ PnlmZv AbmfpsS hyàn]camb _m[yXbmbn¯ocpIbmWv. C§s\ t\m¡nbm apkvenwkaql¯n\Is¯ Hcp kzbw {]Xntcm[iànbmWv PnlmZvk¦Â]w. CkvemanINcn{Xw ]cntim[n¨pt\m¡nbm Cu kzbw {]Xntcm[iàn FÃmIme¯pw ZpÀ_eamb cq]¯nse¦nepw {]hÀ¯n¨pt]m¶n«pWvSv. C¶pw {]hÀ¯n¨phcp¶p. aäp ]e aX§fpw BZÀi{]Øm\§fpw Imem´c¯n AhbpsS auenIkn²m´§fnÂ\n¶v _lpZqcw AI¶pt]mbt¸mÄ CkvemwaXhpw AXnsâ {]amW§fpw IÀahyhØbpsaÃmw AhbpsS BZnhnip²nbnepw auenIamb X\nabnepw \n¡p¶Xnsâ clkyw PnlmZv F¶ Cu {]Xntcm[iànbmWv. CkvemanI kmt¦XnI]Z§fn Gsd sXän²cn¡s¸« ]ZhpamIp¶p "PnlmZv'. CkvemwaXw kzoIcn¡m³ Iq«m¡m¯ AhnizmknIsf Ckvemante¡v aX]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿p¶Xn\pw AXn\p hnk½Xn¡p¶hsc D·qe\w sN¿p¶Xn\pw thWvSn \S¯s¸Sp¶ bp²amWv "PnlmZv' F¶ Hcp [mcW F§s\tbm apkvenwIfÃm¯hcn {]Ncn¨ncn¡p¶p. CXmWv PnlmsZ¦nÂ, Cu PnlmZv apkvenwkapZmb¯nsâbpw hyànbpsSbpw _m[yXsb¦n AXv lnwkmßIamb AklnjvWpXbpw A{Iamkàamb ^mjnkhpamsW¶v hnebncp¯s¸Sp¶p. C¯cw aXhnizmkw ]peÀ¯p¶ P\Xsb B[p\nIkaql¯n\vþ _lpaX skIypeÀ kaql¯n\v hntijn¨pwþ DÄs¡mÅm\mhnà F¶ apdhnfnbpbcpIbpw sN¿p¶p. F¶mÂ, C¯csamcp PnlmZn apkvenwIÄ hnizkn¡p¶nÃ. hnip²JpÀBt\m {]hmNINcytbm C§s\sbmcp PnlmZv A\pimkn¨n«panÃ. PnlmZn\v hnip²bp²w, aXbp²w Fs¶ms¡ AÀYw IÂ]n¡s¸Sp¶pWvSv. Cu AÀYIÂ]\ Xs¶]n¶oSv Btcm]n¡s¸«XmWv. PnlmZnsâ auenIamb AÀY¯n bp²w DÄs¸Sp¶nà F¶XmWv hmkvXhw. PþlþZþ F¶o [mXp¡fnÂ\n¶pcp¯ncnª cWvSp aqe]Z§fmWv "PlvZpw' PplvZpw'. t¢iw, ITn\m[zm\w, ZrVX, A[zm\tijn F¶n§s\bmWnhbpsS auenIamb AÀYw. ZrVamb {]XnÚ F¶ AÀY¯n "PlvZ sFam³' F¶pw AhcpsS A[zm\tijn F¶ AÀY¯n "PplvZlpw' F¶pw JpÀB³ Xs¶ {]tbmKn¨n«pWvSv. Cu aqe]Z§fnÂ\n¶pÛhn¨ \nch[n ]Z§fnÂs]«XmWv PnlmZv, apPmlnZv, apPmlZx, CPvXnlmZv F¶nh. PnlmZv F¶m ]camh[n ]cn{iaw. B hn[w ]cn{ian¡p¶h\mWv apPmlnZv. t¢iw kln¡pIbmWv apPmlZx. ITn\amb Bßkm[\bneqsS a\Ênsâbpw icoc¯nsâbpw tX«§sf BZÀtimNnXambn ]mIs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v apPmlZ¯p¶^vkv F¶v ]dbp¶p. _u²nIamb ]cn{ia§Ä, AYhm KthjW{]hÀ¯\amWv CPvXnlmZv. {iaIcamb ]T\þa\\§fneqsS JpÀB\nÂ\n¶pw kp¶¯nÂ\n¶pw ImtemNnXamb ]pXnb ]pXnb X¯z§fpw \nba§fpw IsWvS¯p¶ {]hÀ¯\sa¶mWv Ckvemansâ kmt¦XnI`mjbn CPvXnlmZnsâ AÀYw. PplvZv, PlvZv F¶o ]Z§fnÂ\n¶pÛhn¨ hyXykvX ]Zcq]§fn PnlmZv AS¡apÅ Hcp ]Z¯nsâbpw AÀY¯n bp²w ASnØm\mibamIp¶nà F¶v Cu hniIe\¯nÂ\n¶v hyàamIp¶p. A[zm\w, ]cn{iaw F¶o ]Z§fpsS AÀY§fn F{Xt¯mfw bp²[z\nbptWvSm A{Xt¯mfta PnlmZnepw bp²[z\nbpÅq. {]mKv CkvemanI Ad_nkmlnXy¯nsâ Gähpw ]pjvIeamb `mKamWv "lamkx' F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ bp²KmYIÄ. Bbnc¡W¡n bp²KmYIfn FhnsSbpw bp²s¯ kqNn¸n¡m³ "PnlmZv' F¶ ]Zw D]tbmKn¨Xmbn ImWpIbnÃ. JnXmÂ, lÀ_v, Kmdx, Kkhx, IÀdx XpS§nb aäv bp²kqNI]Z§sfÃmw \nÀtem`w D]tbmKn¨n«papWvSv. PnlmZn\v bp²sat¶m lnwksbt¶m AÀYanÃm¯XpsImWvSpXs¶bmWv ]ucmWnI IhnIÄ B ]Zw bp²s¯ Ipdn¡m³ D]tbmKn¡mXncp¶Xv. XymK]qÀWamb A[zm\]cn{iaw F¶ AÀY¯n Xs¶bmWv hnip²JpÀB³ hnizmknItfmSv PnlmZv Blzm\w sNbvXn«pÅXv. apkvenwIÄ¡v bp²w sN¿m³

A\phmZw e`n¨Xv {]hmNI³ aZo\bn sN¶ tijw, aZo\sb B{Ian¡m³ JpssdinIÄ h«w Iq«nb kmlNcy¯nemWv F¶ Imcyw AhnXÀ¡nXamWtÃm. a¡bnembncp¶t¸mÄ JpssdinIfpsS aÀZ\]oU\§fm s]mdpXnap«nb {]hmNIinjy·mÀ Xncn¨Sn¡m³ A\paXn tXSnbt¸msgms¡ AhtcmSv kl\ahew_n¡m³ Bhiys¸SpIbmbncp¶p. F¶mÂ, A¡me¯pw JpÀB³ PnlmZn\v Blzm\w sNbvXncp¶Xmbn ImWmw. DZmlcWambn {]hmNIsâ aZo\ lnPvd¡p ap¼v a¡bn AhXcn¨ kqdx AÂ^pÀJm³ 52þmw kqà¯n C§s\ ImWmw: hPmlnZvlpw _nln PnlmZ³ I_od³ (kXy\ntj[nItfmSv \o JpÀB³sImWvSv henb PnlmZv sN¿pI). FXnÀ¸pIÄ hIsh¡msX \ntj[nIÄ¡nSbn JpÀB\nImZÀi§Ä {]Ncn¸n¡pIbpw kzPohnX¯n km£mXvIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xns\bmWv ChnsS PnlmZ³ I_od³ þ henb PnlmZvþ F¶v hyhlcn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. bp²wþJnXmÂþ kw_Ôn¨ NÀ¨Ifn JpÀB³ Bbp[kÖoIcW§sfbpw Bbp[{]tbmKs¯bpw ]cmaÀin¡p¶Xp ImWmw. F¶m PnlmZv kw_Ôn¨ hN\§fn Cu ]cmaÀi§Ä ImWpIbnÃ. PnlmZnsâ D]m[nIfmbn JpÀB³ NqWvSn¡mWn¡p¶Xv Poh\pw [\hpamWv PmlnZq _n AwhmenIpw hA³^pknIpw þ kzPoh³ sImWvSpw [\wsImWvSpw PnlmZv sN¿phn³þ F¶v. hnizmkkwc£WmÀYw imcocnIhpw am\knIhpw km¼¯nIhpamb XmÂ]cy§sf AhKWn¨psImWvSv ]cn{ian¡pI, Poh\pw [\hpsaÃmw AXn\p thWvSn _enIgn¡pI F¶mWXnsâ Bibw. AXmbXv XymKhpw ITn\m[zm\hpw ]oUm\p`hhpamWv PnlmZnsâ ImXÂ. BZÀikwc£WbXv\¯n BZÀis¯ kmbp[ambn B{Ian¡p¶hsc kmbp[ambn sNdp¯ptXmÂ]n¡epw DÄs¸Spw. Cu AÀY¯nepÅ bp²w XoÀ¨bmbpw PnlmZn s]Sp¶p. ]t£, AXpsImWvSv PnlmZv bp²amWv F¶p hcp¶nÃ. CkvemanI{]t_m[\w, CkvemanI{]hÀ¯\w, CkvemanI{]Øm\w F¶o hm¡pIÄ km[mcWKXnbn bp²w F¶ Bib¯nÂ\n¶v hfsc AIsebmWtÃm. F¦nepw Nne kmlNcy§fn Ahbpw kmbp[{]hÀ¯\¯nsâ cq]w kzoIcn¡mw. A¯cw kmlNcy§sf IW¡nseSp¯psImWvSv CkvemanI{]t_m[\sa¶m bp²amWv F¶v ]dbms\m¡pIbnÃ. {]hÀ¯\s¯bpw {]t_m[\s¯bpw bp²¯nsâ ]cymbam¡p¶Xpt]mse¯s¶bmWv PnlmZns\bpw bp²¯nsâ ]cymbam¡p¶Xv. "PnlmZv' F¶m hnizmks¯ kwc£n¡m\pw km£mXvIcn¡m\papÅ XymK\nÀ`camb {]bXv\amWv. Cu e£y¯nte¡pÅ GXp amÀKhpw PnlmZnsâ cq]amWv. AXv Nnet¸mÄ ]T\þa\\§fmhmw. Nnet¸mÄ {]`mjWamhmw. kwhmZamhmw, {]_Ôamhmw, [\hybamhmw, kam[m\]camb {]Xntj[amhmw, {]t£m`amhmw. Nnet¸mÄ kz´w XmÂ]cy§tfmSpw A`ncpNnItfmSpapÅ kacamhmw. Nnet¸mÄ bp²hpw kmbp[hn¹hhpamhmw. Gähpw henb PnlmZv (PnlmZp AIv_À) Bbn {]hmNI³ hntijn¸n¨n«pÅXv hnizmkn X¶nepÅ ZpÈoe§fnÂ\n¶pw Zpjv{]hWXIfnÂ\n¶pw ZpÀtaml§fnÂ\n¶pw kzbw kwkvIrX\mhm³ \S¯p¶ {]bXv\s¯bmWv. Hcp bp²w Ignªv Xncn¨pt]mcpt¼mÄ {]hmNI³ (k) injy·mtcmSp ]dbpIbpWvSmbn: ""\mw sNdnb PnlmZnÂ\n¶v henb PnlmZnte¡v ( PnlmZp AIv_À ) aS§nbncn¡pIbmWv''. B[p\nI apkvenwtemI¯v Act§dp¶ `oIc{]hÀ¯\§sfÃmw Ckvemanse PnlmZvk¦Â]¯nsâ IW¡nemWv FgpXs¸Sp¶Xv. "PnlmZv' sXän²cn¡s¸Sm\pÅ Hcp ImcWanXmWv. ]e Xo{hhmZþ`oIc{]Øm\§fpw _lpP\§fpsS ]n´pW t\Sm³ thWvSn X§sf apPmlnZpIfmbpw X§fpsS {]hÀ¯\§sf PnlmZmbpw {]Ncn¸n¡p¶Xv Cu IW¡ptNÀ¡en\v \ymboIcWambn¯ocp¶pWvSv. F¶m Ckvemw `oIc{]hÀ¯\w A\phZn¡p¶nÃ. "`qanbn \miapWvSm¡p¶hcmbn hnlcn¡cpXv' F¶v hnip²JpÀB³ hnizmknItfmSv BhÀ¯n¨p IÂ]n¡p¶pWvSv. PnlmZv Nnet¸mÄ kmbp[kac¯nsâ cq]w ssIs¡mÅmsa¦nepw AXv Xocpam\n¡mt\m \bn¡mt\m hyànIÄ¡v AhImiansöv ]qÀhnIcpw B[p\nIcpamb B[nImcnI CkvemanI ]ÞnX·mscÃmw Du¶n¸dªncn¡p¶p. kaql t\XrXzw, AYhm `cWIqSamWv AXv \nÝbnt¡WvSXpw \St¯WvSXpw.

Xo{hhmZ¯nsâbpw `oIchmZ{]hÀ¯\§fpsSbpw DdhnSw CkvemwaXtam AXnse PnlmtZm AÃ. AXn\v cmjv{Sobhpw km¼¯nIhpw kmwkvImcnIhpamb Ht«sd ImcW§Ä thsdbpWvSv. `oIc{]hÀ¯\w apkvenwIfpsS Ip¯IbpaÃ. AXnsâ ImcW§fpÅnSs¯ms¡ PmXnaXt`Zat\y AXp \SamSp¶papWvSv. C´ybnse `oIc{]Øm\§sf FSp¡pI. Iivaocnse `oIchmZnIÄ apkvenwIfmsW¦n ]©m_n kn¡pImcmWv. \mKmemânse `oIc·mÀ ss{IkvXhcmb \mK·mcmWv. B{Ôbnse ]o¸vÄkv hmÀ {Kq¸pw Xangv\m«nse FÂ.Sn.Sn.Cbpw lnµp¡fmWv. {ioe¦bnepw t\¸mfnepapÅ `oIc{]Øm\§fpw apkvenwIfptSXÃ. `oIcXbpsS DdhnSw Ckvemtam atäsX¦nepw aX§tfm BsW¶v Øm]n¡m\pÅ bXv\w AXnsâ bYmÀY ImcW§fnÂ\n¶v Hfnt¨mSm\pÅ hn^e{iaw am{XamIp¶p.

Pnkvb ""CkvemanIcmjv{Sw Aapkvenw ]uc·mcnÂ\n¶v Pnkvb F¶ aX\nIpXn CuSm¡mdntÃ? AXv ISp¯ hnthN\hpw A\oXnbpatÃ?'' Pnkvb aX\nIpXnbÃ. BsW¶ [mcW A_²amWv. Gsd sXän²cn¡s¸« hnjbsa¶ \nebn CXv AÂ]w hniZoIcn¡p¶Xv KpWIcambncn¡psa¶v {]Xo£n¡p¶p. apkvenwIÄ X§fpsS ImÀjnIhcpam\¯nsâ ]¯p iXam\hpw CXc km¼¯nI hcpam\§fpsS cWvSc iXam\hpw s]mXp JP\mhn AS¡m³ _m[yØcmWv. CXv aX]camb Bcm[\mIÀaw IqSnbmbXn\m CXc aXhn`mK¡mcpsS ta \nÀ_Ôam¡m³ \nÀhmlanÃ. ImcWw AXhcpsS aXkzmX{´y¯nsâ \ntj[ambncn¡pw. AXn\m kaql¯n km¼¯nI k´penXXzw \ne\nÀ¯m\mbn Aapkvenw ]uc·mcpsS ta Ckvemanse aXNS§pIfpambn _ÔanÃm¯ asämcp \nIpXn Npa¯pIbmWpWvSmbXv. AXmWv Pnkvb. apkvenwIfnÂ\n¶v cmjv{Sw \nÀ_Ôambpw ]ncns¨Sp¡p¶ kIm¯n\p ]IcapÅ \nIpXnbmWXv. k¼¯pÅ apkvenwIsfÃmw kIm¯v \ÂIm³ _m[yØcmWv. kv{XoIfpw Ip«nIfpw hr²·mcpw tcmKnIfpw DÄs¸sS Bcpw Xs¶ AXnÂ\n¶v apàcÃ. F¶m AXns\bt]£n¨v Pnkvbbn Ht«sd B\pIqey§fpw CfhpIfpapWvSv. kv{XoIÄ, Ip«nIÄ, AÔ·mÀ, hr²·mÀ, {`m´·mÀ, amdmtcmKnIÄ, aT§fnse k\ymknamÀ, ]ptcmlnX·mÀ t]mepÅhcnÂ\ns¶m¶pw Pnkvb ]ncn¡p¶XÃ. AXn\m Pnkvb Aapkvenw ]uc·mtcmSpÅ hnthN\tam A\oXntbm AÃ. AhÀ¡v km¼¯nIambn Cfhv e`n¡m\pÅ D]m[nbmWv. Bsc¦nepw apkvenwIsft¸mse kIm¯v \ÂIm³ kzbw k¶²ambn apt¶m«p hcnIbmsW¦n Ahsc CkvemanI cmjv{Sw PnkvbbnÂ\n¶v Hgnhm¡p¶XmWv. Ncn{X¯nenXn\v Gsd DZmlcW§Ä ImWmw. H¶nhnsS D²cn¡mw: kÀ tXmakv BÀWÄUv FgpXp¶p: ""AhtcmSv (XKven_v tKm{Xw) Aapkvenw tKm{X§Ä¡v \ÂIp¶ kwc£W¯n\p ]Icambn Npa¯p¶ Icwþ Pnkvbþ AS¡m\pw At±lw (Dadp ^mdqJv) Bhiys¸«p. F¶m Pnkvb sImSp¡p¶Xv A]am\ambn IcpXnb XKven_v tKm{Xw X§sf apkvenwIsft¸mse \nIpXn (kIm¯v) AS¡m³ A\phZn¡Wsa¶mhiys¸«p. Jeo^ AX\phZn¡pIbpw AhÀ apkvenwIsft¸mse PnkvbbpsS Cc«n hcp¶ kwJy JP\mhnte¡S¡pIbpw sNbvXp'' (Ckvemw {]t_m[\hpw {]Nmchpw, ]pdw 62). CkvemanIcmjv{S¯nse apgph³ ]uc·mscbpw kwc£n¡m³ `cWIqSw _m[yØamWv. AXn\m apkvenwIfpsS am{XaÃ, AapkvenwIfpsSbpw Poh\pw kz¯pw A`nam\hpw kwc£n¡m³ \nÀ_Ô ssk\nItkh\w \nÀhln¡m³ apkvenwIÄ _m[yØcmbncp¶p. Cu hn[w kwc£Ww Dd¸p \ÂIp¶Xn\pw ]«mftkh\¯nÂ\n¶v Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\pw ]IcambmWv AhcnÂ\n¶v Pnkvb CuSm¡nbncp¶Xv. ssk\nItkh\¯n\v A¡me¯v i¼fapWvSmbncp¶nsöXv {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyas{X. Ft¸msg¦nepw cmPy\nhmknIÄ¡v kwc£Ww \ÂIm³ `cWIqS¯n\v km[n¡msX h¶m Pnkvb Xncn¨p\ÂIpI ]Xnhmbncp¶p.

A{]Imcw Xs¶ ssk\nItkh\¯n\v kzbw k¶²cmbn apt¶m«phcp¶hscbpw PnkvbbnÂ\n¶v ]qÀWambpw Hgnhm¡nbncp¶p. kÀ tXmakv BÀWÄUv FgpXp¶p: ""NneÀ \s½ hnizkn¸n¡phm³ {ian¡p¶Xpt]mse apkvenw hnizmkw kzoIcn¡m³ hnk½Xn¨Xnsâ in£bmbn ss{IkvXhcpsS ta Npa¯s¸Sp¶Xà Cu \nIpXn. FÃm Aapkvenw ]uc·mcpw ASt¡WvSXmbncp¶p AXv. aX]camb ImcW§fm \nÀ_Ô ssk\nI tkh\¯nÂ\n¶v AhÀ Hgnhm¡s¸«ncp¶p. apkvenwIÄ \ÂInbncp¶ kwc£W¯n\v ]IcambmWv AhÀ Pnkvb sImSpt¡WvSn h¶Xv.... ""XpÀ¡o `cWIme¯v ssk\y¯n tkh\a\pjvTn¨ncp¶ {InkvXym\nIfpw PnkvbbnÂ\n¶v Hgnhm¡s¸«ncp¶Xmbn ImWmw. sImdn³Xv IcbnSp¡nte¡v \bn¡p¶ kn¯ntdm¬, Kdm\nb Npc§Ä Im¡m³ Hcp kwLw kmbp[sc \ÂImsa¶ hyhØbn AÂt_\nb³ ss{IkvXhhÀKamb saKmcnIsf XpÀ¡nIÄ PnkvbbnÂ\n¶v Hgnhm¡nbncp¶p. XpÀ¡o ssk\y¯nsâ apt¼ t]mbn \nc¯pIfpw ]me§fpw \¶m¡nbncp¶ {InkvXob kwL¯nÂ\n¶v Pnkvb CuSm¡nbncp¶nsöp am{XaÃ, Icw hm§msX AhÀ¡v `qan ]Xn¨psImSp¡pIIqSn sNbvXncp¶p. ssl{kbnse {InkvXym\nIÄ kp¯m\v Pnkvb \ÂInbncp¶nÃ. ]Icambn AhÀ 250 ZrVKm{Xcmb \mhnIsc XpÀ¡n¸S¡p \ÂIn. ""BÀat¯mfn F¶p hnfn¡s¸Sp¶ sX¡³ dpam\nb¡mcmWv ]Xn\mdpw ]Xnt\gpw \qämWvSpIfn XpÀ¡n ssk\y¯n apJyLSIambncp¶Xv. kvIq«mcn¡p hS¡pÅ ]ÀhX\ncIfn hkn¨ncp¶ anÀZnIÄ F¶ AÂt_\nb³ It¯men¡À Ic¯nÂ\ns¶mgnhm¡s¸«ncp¶p. bp²thfbn kmbp[ kwLs¯ \ÂImsa¶mbncp¶p AhcpsS {]XnÚ. AtXt]mse {Ko¡v {InkvXym\nIsfbpw PnkvbbnÂ\ns¶mgnhm¡n. tIm¬Ìmânt\m¸nfnte¡v ip²Pew sImWvSph¶ncp¶ I¡pgepIÄ Ahcmbncp¶p kwc£n¨ncp¶Xv. \Kc¯nse shSnacp¶pime¡v Imhencp¶htcbpw Ic¯nÂ\ns¶mgnhm¡nbncp¶p. F¶mÂ, CuPn]vXnse {KmaoW IÀjIÀ ssk\nItkh\¯nÂ\n¶v Hgnhm¡s¸«t¸mÄ AhcpsS ta {InkvXym\nIsft¸mse Icw Npa¯pIbpw sNbvXp.''(kÀ tXmakv BÀWÄUv, Ckvemw: {]t_m[\hpw {]Nmchpw, ]pdw 73þ76). \_nXncpta\nbpsS Ime¯v aZo\bnse Aapkvenw hn`mK§Ä cmjv{S¯nsâ {]Xntcm[{]hÀ¯\§fn ]¦mfnIfmbncp¶Xn\m AhcnÂ\n¶v Pnkvb CuSm¡nbncp¶nÃ. Npcp¡¯nÂ, ]mÝmXyÀ {]Ncn¸n¡pIbpw AhcpsS saKmt^mWpIfmbn amdnb aäpÅhÀ Gäp]nSn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xp t]mse Pnkvb Hcp aX\nIpXnbÃ. Hcn¡epw A§s\ Bbncp¶n«panÃ. bYmÀY¯nenXv bp²\nIpXnbmWv. Ignhpw ImbnI_ehpw DWvSmbncp¶n«pw ssk\nItkh\a\pjvTn¡m³ k¶²amhmsX amdn\n¶hcmWv AXv \ÂtIWvSnh¶ncp¶Xv. \nÀ_Ô ssk\nI tkh\w \ne\n¶ncp¶ L«¯n AXnÂ\ns¶mgnhm¡pIbpw AtXmsSm¸w imcocnIhpw km¼¯nIhpamb kpc£nXXzw A\p`hn¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶Xnsâ {]Xn^eambncp¶p AXv. F¶m CkvemanIcmjv{S¯nse apkvenw ]uc·mÀ \nÀ_Ô ssk\nI tkh\a\pjvTn¨mepw `cWIqS¯n\p kIm¯v \ÂIm³ _m[yØcmWv. F¡me¯pw kIm¯v kwJy Pnkvbtb¡mÄ hfsc IqSpXembncp¶psh¶ hkvXpX hnkvacn¡mhXÃ. Aapkvenw ]uc·mÀ kIm¯v \ÂIpItbm ssk\nItkh\a\pjvTn¡m³ k¶²amhpItbm sNbvXt¸msgÃmw Ahsc PnkvbbnÂ\ns¶mgnhm¡nbncp¶p. ssk\nIhr¯n thX\apÅ sXmgnembn amdnb C¡me¯pw CkvemanI cmjv{Sw Aapkvenw ]uc·mcpsS ta Pnkvb Npa¯p¶XÃ. AXn\m aX\yq\]£§Ä CkvemanIcm{ã¯n Hcphn[ hnthN\hpw A\p`hn¡pIbnsöp am{XaÃ, kIm¯nÂ\n¶v Hgnhm¡s¸Sp¶Xn\m apkvenwItf¡mÄ km¼¯nI kuIcyhpw B\pIqeyhpw A\p`hn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

Ckvemw F´psImWvSv kzoImcyamhp¶nÃ? ""Ckvemw \ÃXpw e{]ZhpamsW¦n temI¯v \qdptImSntbmfw apkvenwIfpw A¼Xntesd apkvenwcmjv{S§fpapWvSmbn«pw AsX´psImWvSv \S¸m¡s¸Sp¶nÃ? AXnsâ kZv^e§Ä F´psImWvSv ImWs¸Sp¶nÃ?'' sshbànIhpw kmaqlnIhpw cmjv{Sobhpamb t\«§tfmsSm¸w acWm\´cPohnX hnPbw Dd¸phcp¯p¶ ssZhnI PohnXhyhØbmWv Ckvemw. hyànPohnX¯nse sImSpwNqSn XWteIp¶ IpSbmbpw Iqcncp«n shfn¨taIp¶ hnf¡mbpw hogvNIfn Xm§mhp¶ XpWbmbpw hnPbthfIfn \nb{´Ww \evIp¶ ISnªmWmbpw hnjmZ\nanj§fn Bizmk ktµiambpw thZ\Ifn kvt\lkv]Àiambpw AXv hÀ¯n¡p¶p. PohnX¯n hyàamb Znimt_m[w \ÂIp¶p. A§s\ Ae£yXbv¡v AdpXnhcp¯p¶p. AkzØXIÄ¡v hncmaanSp¶p. IpSpw_PohnX¯n sskzchpw `{ZXbpw Dd¸phcp¯p¶p. Cu hn[w hyànPohnX¯n Ckvemw {]tbmKh¡cn¨v kZv^e§Ä kzmb¯am¡p¶tXmsSm¸w AXnsâ BßmÀYamb BNcWw acWm\´cw \cI¯nÂ\n¶v c£bpw kzÀKe_v[nbpw {]Zm\w sN¿p¶p. Cu \ntbmKsams¡bpw Ignª ]Xn\mep \qämWvSntesd Imeambn Ckvemw Ahncmaw `wKnbmbpw ^e{]Zambpw \nÀhln¨phcp¶p. C¶pw temIsa§papÅ P\tImSnIfn Cu hn[w kZv^e§Ä k½m\n¡p¶ Ckvemansâ kPohkm¶n[yapWvSv. Hcp Imcyw hfsc \ÃXpw KpWIchpw ^e{]ZhpamsW¶XpsImWvSp am{Xw kzoIcn¡s¸SWsa¶nÃ. ]pIhen No¯bmsW¶dnbm¯ Bcpw temI¯pWvSmhpIbnÃtÃm. F¶n«pw At\ItImSnIÄ AXp]tbmKn¨psImWvSncn¡p¶p. aZy]m\w icoc¯n\pw akvXnjvI¯n\pw IpSpw_¯n\pw kaql¯n\pw cmjv{S¯n\pw lm\nIcamsW¶dnªpsImWvSpXs¶ P\w AXn\mbn tImSnIÄ Xpebv¡p¶p. AXn\m Hcp Imcyw \ÃtXm No¯tbm KpWIctam tZmjIctam ^e{]Ztam t{ZmlIctam F¶Xnsâ am\ZWvUw F{X t]À AXv kzoIcn¡p¶p, \ncmIcn¡p¶p F¶XÃ; adn¨v AwKoIcn¨v \S¸m¡nbm \³abpw KpWhpw kZv^e§fpamWpÅsX¦n \ÃXpw, Dt]£n¡pt¼mgmWv AsXms¡ e`n¡p¶sX¦n No¯bpsa¶XmWv icnbmb am\ZWvUw. Cu ASnØm\¯n t\m¡pt¼mÄ Ckvemansâ kmaqlnIþkm¼¯nIþcmjv{Sobþ`cWhyhØ \S¸m¡s¸«t¸msgms¡ AXv am\hcmin¡v al¯mb hnPbhpw AXpey t\«§fpw k½m\n¨n«pWvSv; {]tbmKhXvIcWw `mKnIamIpt¼mÄ `mKnIambpw AXn\\pkcn¨v ]qÀWamIpt¼mÄ ]qÀWambpw

Ckvemapw apkvenw ]n¶m¡mhØbpw ""temIXe¯n apkvenw \mSpIfn ]cnXm]Icamb ]n¶m¡mhØ {]ISamWv. C´ybnse apkvenwIfpw ChnSs¯ CXc P\hn`mK§sf At]£n¨v hfsc ]ndInemWv. Ckvemw ]ptcmKXn¡v XSÊhpw ]n¶m¡mhØbv¡v ImcWhpamsW¶tà CXv sXfnbn¡p¶Xv?'' am\hkaqlw kzmb¯am¡nb hfÀ¨bnepw ]ptcmKXnbnepw Ckvemapw apkvenwIfpw hln¨ ]¦v ]dªdnbnt¡WvSXnÃm¯hn[w hyàhpw hnhmZmXoXhpamWv. KmV\n{Zbnembncp¶ Atd_y³ kaqls¯ Ckvemw sXm«pWÀ¯n. AhcpsS AÚXbv¡pw AÔhnizmk§Ä¡pw AdpXnhcp¯n. apgpPohnX taJebnepwAXhsc ]ptcmKXnbnte¡pw Hu¶Xy¯nte¡pw \bn¨p. A§s\ AhÀ temI¯nsâ t\Xm¡fpw tPXm¡fpambn amdn. kXyw, kaXzw, kmtlmZcyw, klnjvWpX, [Àaw, \oXn XpS§nb DÂIrjvS KpW§fpsS Imcy¯n am{Xaà Ie, kmlnXyw,

imkv{Xw, kmt¦XnI hnZy, hnÚm\w, \Kc kwhn[m\w, `cW\nÀhlWw t]mepÅ FÃm aÞe§fnepw ZoÀLImew temI¯n\v t\XrXzw \ÂInbXv apkvenwIfmWv. C¶v temI¯v anI¨p\n¡p¶Xv ]mÝmXycmWtÃm. AXn\hsc kÖcm¡nbXpw ]Snªmd³ \mKcnIXbv¡v Ifns¯m«nsemcp¡nbXpw Ckvemapw apkvenwIfpamWv. \njv]£cmb FÃm Ncn{XImc·mcpw kmaqlnI imkv{XÚcpw Cu kXyw kpXcmw hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. tdm_À«v {_nt^mÄ«v FgpXp¶p: ""]Xn\©mw \qämWvSn ]pjv]n¨p \n¶ Ad_v þ aqdnjv \mKcnIXIfpsS kzm[o\amWv \thm°m\¯n\v P·w \ÂInbXv. CäenbÃ, kvs]bn\mbncp¶p bqtdm ¸nsâ ]p\ÀP·¯n\v sXm«nembn hÀ¯n¨Xv. kmck³ km{amPy¯nse \Kc§fmb ssItdmbpw sImÀtUmhbpw _KvZmZpw tSmfntUmbpw kwkvImc¯nsâbpw hnNmc hym]mc¯nsâbpw tI{µ§fmbn hfÀ¶t¸mÄ, {]mIrXXz¯n aq¡äw ap§nb bqtdm¸v AÚXbpsSbpw A[x]X\¯nsâbpw L\mÔImc¯n BWvSp InS¡pIbmbncp¶p. a\pjy]cnWma¯nsâ \ho\Zibmbn hfÀ¶ ]pXnb PohnXw cq]wsImWvSXv AhnS§fnembncp¶p. AhcpsS \mKcnIXbpsS kzm[o\w A\p`hs¸«p XpS§nbt¸mgmWv Hcp ]pXnb PohnX¯nsâ _lnÀKa\amcw`n¨Xv...'' ""Ad_nIfnÃmbncp¶psh¦n B[p\nI bqtdm]y³ kwkvImcw Xs¶ P·saSp¡pambncp¶nsö bmYmÀYyw XnI¨pw hnizk\obas{X. ]cnWma¯nsâ {]mNo\ ZiI§sfsbÃmw Ih¨p hbv¡¯¡ kz`mh sshinjvSyhpw apkvenwIfpsS A`mh¯nehÀ¡v k¼mZn¡m³ km[n¡pambncp¶nÃ. bqtdm¸nsâ hfÀ¨bpsS sNdnb Awi§fnÂt]mepw Ckvemansâ kzm[o\w ImWs¸SmXncn¡nÃ'' ( The Making of Humanity, Page 183-190 ). bqtdm¸v C¶\p`hn¡p¶ kpJ kuIcy§Äs¡Ãmw ]qÀWambpw ISs¸«Xv Ckvemant\mSpw apkvenwItfmSpamsW¶v {]kn² Ncn{XImc\mb tPm¬ hneyw Xsâ Intellectual Development of Europe F¶ {KÙ¯n AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p. ""sshÚm\nI cwK¯v apkvenwIÄ XpS§nsh¡m¯ H¶pw X§Ä¡v ]qÀ¯oIcnt¡WvSXmbn«nsÃ''¶v F¨v.Pn. shÂkv Xsâ "temINcn{X kw{Kl'¯nepw Xpd¶p]dªn«pWvSv. ]Þnäv PhlÀem s\lvdp Xsâ Glimpses of World History bn FgpXp¶p: ""{]mNo\À¡nSbn CuPn]vXntem C´ybntem ssN\bntem icnbmb imkv{Xob k{¼Zmbw \mw ImWp¶nÃ. AXnsâ sNdnsbmcp iIew ]pcmX\ {Kokn ZriyamWv. tdman AXpWvSmbncp¶tXbnÃ. F¶m Ad_nIfn Cu imkv{Xobamb At\zjW_p²n {]ISambncp¶p. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ B[p\nI imkv{X¯nsâ ]nXm¡Ä apkvenwIfmsW¶v ]dbmhp¶XmWv.'' At±lw Xs¶ FgpXp¶p: ""{Ko¡pImÀ Bcw`n¡pIbpw ]n¶oSv Dt]£n¡pIbpw sNbvX tIhe Úm\¯nsâ {Iam\pKXamb hnIk\s¯, Ad_n a\Êv Hcp ]pXnb ImgvN¸mtSmSpw ssNX\yt¯mSpw IqSn GsäSp¯p. emän\nsâ hgnIfneqsSbÃ, Ad_nIfneqsSbmbncp¶p B[p\nI temI¯n\v {]Imi¯nsâbpw iànbpsSbpw A\p{Kl§Ä e`n¨Xv.'' Cu ]ptcmKXns¡ms¡bpw hgnh¨Xv CkvemanI hnizmkas{X. Rom Landar Xsâ Islam and the Arab F¶ {KÙ¯nsegpXp¶p: ""imkv{Xob KthjW§fpsS {]tNmZ\iàn, AÃmlp krjvSn¨Xpt]mse \ne\n¡p¶ {]]©s¯¸än AKm[amb Adnhv t\Sm\pÅ AZayamb B{Klambncp¶p. `uXnI{]]©w Bßob{]]©w t]mse¯s¶ {][m\amsW¶ AwKoImchpw Ad_n a\Ênsâ hnImcmXoX {]IrXs¯ icn¡pw {]Xn^en¸n¡p¶ kXymt\zjWXzcbpw AhcpsS AZayamb PnÚmkbpw tbmKmßIm\p`qXnbpw aäp t{]cI§fs{X. amXrhmÕeyw apX amcItcmK§Ä hscbpÅsXÃmw ssZhw krjvSn¨ {]]©¯nepÄs¸Sp¶hbmWv. Ahtbmtcm¶pw Ahsâ iànbpsS \nZÀi\§fmWv; AXpsImWvSpXs¶ ]T\mÀl§fpw. Ckveman aXhpw imkv{Xhpw `n¶hgnIfà ]n´pScp¶Xv. aXw bYmÀY¯n imkv{X¯nsâ Gähpw henb {]tNmZ\ iànbmWv.''

Ipcnip bp²¯neqsS apkvenw \mSpIsf Iogvs¸Sp¯nb ss{IkvXh kaqlw A¡me¯pw XpSÀ¶pw Ad_nIÄ BÀPn¨ sshÚm\nI t\«§sfbpw `uXnIhfÀ¨sbbpw ssIhis¸Sp¯m³ Xo{h{iaw \S¯n. hnhn[ hnÚm\ imJIfnepÅ Ad_n{KÙ§Ä X§fpsS `mjIfnte¡v samgnamäw \S¯n. A§s\bmWv bqtdm¸n ]ptcmKXnbpsS BZy Ne\§Ä {]ISamIm³ XpS§nbXv. sImÀtUmh, {Km\sU, tSmfntUm, _KvZmZv, UakvIkv, ssItdm, AeIvkmWvSvdnb t]mepÅ {]apJ \Kc§fnse {KÙmeb§fnepWvSmbncp¶ ]pkvXI§fn {it²bambhsbÃmw emän³ `mjbnte¡v ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯pIbpw ]n¶oSv Ah D]tbmKn¨v KthjW ]co£W§Ä \S¯pIbpw sNbvXp. A§s\bmWv ]mÝmXyÀ ]ptcmKXnbpsS ]ShpIÄ Nhn«n¡bdnbXv. CkvemanI kwkvImc¯nsâbpw \mKcnIXbpsSbpw tI{µambncp¶ kvs]bn\nse t\«§sfms¡bpw kz´am¡nb Ckvemansâ i{Xp¡Ä 1492þ B cmjv{Ss¯ A[o\s¸Sp¯pIbpw AhnsSbpWvSmbncp¶ {KÙ§sfÃmw Nps«cn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Ac \qämWvSv ]n¶n«t¸mtg¡pw Hscmä apkvenapw AhnsS Ahtijn¡m¯hn[w FÃmhscbpw \nÀ_Ôambn aXw amäpIbpw hg§m¯hsc \nÀZbw h[n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. AtXmsSbmWv apkvenw \mSpIfpsS ]n¶m¡mhØbpw XIÀ¨bpw kw`hn¨Xv. Cu hkvXpX {]ikvX BwKe Ncn{XImc\mb sebn³ ]qÄ Xs¶ hyàam¡p¶p: ""\qämWvSpItfmfw kvs]bn³ \mKcnIXbpsS tI{µhpw IemhnZybpsSbpw `uXnIimkv{X¯nsâbpw F¶pthWvS hninjvSamb FÃmXcw hnÚm\¯nsâ Ccn¸nShpambncp¶p. bqtdm¸nse asämcp cmPyhpw At¶mfw Ad_nIfpsS ]cnjvIrXcmPy¯nsâ ASps¯§psa¯nbncp¶nÃ. s^ÀUn\mânsâbpw Cks_ÃbpsSbpw NmÄknsâbpw km{amPy§Ä¡v C¯cw imizXamb bmsXmcu¶Xyhpw e`n¨nÃ. apkvenwIsf AhÀ ]pd¯m¡n. sXÃnS ss{IkvXh kvs]bn³ N{µs\t¸mse ISw hm§nb shfn¨w sImWvSv {]Imin¨p. £W¯n {KlWw h¶p. ]n¶oSv Ct¶mfw kvs]bn³ AÔImc¯n X¸n¯SbpIbmWv.'' km{amPyXz¯nsâ IS¶pIbät¯msS apkvenw \mSpIfpsS XIÀ¨ ]qÀWamhpIbmbncp¶p. ]s¯m¼Xmw \qämWvSnepw Ccp]Xmw \qämWvSnsâ BZy ZiI§fnepambn km{amPyiànIÄ apgph³ apkvenw \mSpIfpw ]¦ns«Sp¯p. A§s\ apkvenw cmPy§fpw kaql§fpw ]mÝmXy km{amPyiànIfpsS A[o\Xbnembn. AhÀ apkvenw \mSpIsf XoÀ¯pw sImÅbSn¡pI am{XaÃ, apkvenwIsf AhcpsS BZÀi hnizmk§fnÂ\n¶pw hnip²amb PohnXcoXnIfnÂ\n¶pw hyXnNen¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. AtXmsS B \mSpIfpw \m«pImcpw s]s«s¶m¶pw ]cnlcn¡m\mhm¯ ]n¶m¡mhØ¡v ASns¸«p. AtXmsSm¸w ]ptcmKXnbpsSbpw \thm°m\¯nsâbpw NmeIiànbmbn hÀ¯n¡p¶ BZÀihnizmk§Ä¡pw PohnXho£W§Ä¡pw a§te¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Ignª \qämWvSnsâ a[y ZiI§fn Cu \mSpIÄ kzmX{´yw t\Snsb¦nepw Ahs¡m¶pw apXpIv \nhÀ¯m³ ]äm¯ ØnXnbmWpWvSmbncp¶Xv. kzmX{´yw \ÂInbt¸mÄ km{amPyiànIÄ AhnS§fnseÃmw X§fpsS XmÂ]cy§Ä kwc£n¡p¶, CkvemanI \nba§Ä \S¸nem¡p¶Xnsem«pw XmÂ]cyanÃm¯, cmPy]ptcmKXnsb kw_Ôn¨ icnbmb ImgvN¸mtSm ZoÀLho£Wtam Xotc CÃm¯ GIm[n]XnIsfbpw cmPm¡·mscbpw kp¯m³amscbpw IpSnbncp¯pIbmbncp¶p. Xt±iobcpsS A`n{]mb§tfm XmÂ]cy§tfm H«pw ]cnKWn¡msXbmWhÀ Ct¶mfw `cWw \S¯nt¸m¶Xv. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ ]mÝmXy km{amPyiànIÄ¡v tImf\nhmgvN¡mes¯¶t]mse XpSÀ¶pw B \mSpIsf sImÅbSn¡m³ A\mbmkw km[n¨p. C¶pw AtX ØnXn XpScpIbmWv. \mSnsâ hfÀ¨bv¡pw hnImk¯n\pw ]ptcmKXn¡pw hgnsbmcp¡p¶ CkvemanI hyhØ \S¸m¡m\mbn bXv\n¨psImWvSncn¡p¶ {]Øm\§sf km{amPy iànIfpsS klmbt¯msS Xt±iobcmb tkzOm[n]XnIÄ {Iqcambn ASn¨aÀ¯pIbpw tNmcbn ap¡ns¡mÃpIbpamWv. AhnS§fn P\lnXw \S¸nem¡s¸Sp¶Xpw P\m[n]Xyw Øm]nXamIp¶Xpw ]mÝmXy km{amPyiànIÄ CjvSs¸Sp¶nÃ. AhcpsS NqjWhpw apkvenw \mSpIfpsS ]n¶m¡mhØbpw Ahncmaw XpScm³ AX\nhmcyamWtÃm. apkvenw kaql§fpw cmjv{S§fpw

Ckvemans\ bYmhn[n ]n´pSÀ¶t¸mÄ ]ptcmKXnbpsS ]mcayX {]m]n¡pIbpw AXns\ ssIsbmgn¨t¸mÄ ]n¶m¡mhØbpsS ]mXmf¯n ]Xn¡pIbpamWpWvSmbXv. Ckvemw kaql¯n krjvSn¡p¶ kzm[o\w F´msW¶v Cu Ncn{XhkvXpX kpXcmw hyàam¡p¶p. ]mÝmXy A[n\nthiw hsc C´ybnse apkvenwIÄ CXc P\hn`mK§sf At]£n¨v H«pw ]n¶nembncp¶nÃ. F¶Ã, IemkmlnXy kmwkvImcnI taJeIfn Gsd anIhv ]peÀ¯pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. `mcX¯nsâ _lpapJamb ]ptcmKXnbn Ckvemw hln¨ al¯mb ]¦v kphnZnXamWv. \½psS \mSnsâ kmwkvImcnI ss]XrI§fpw \mKcnImhinjvS§fpw ]cntim[n¡p¶ GhÀ¡paXv t_m[yamIpw. C´ybpsS Ncn{Xw Ipdn¨n« \njv]£cmb Ncn{XImc·mscÃmw Ckvemansâ km¶n[yw k½m\n¨ A\ÀLamb t\«§sf \µntbmsS kvacn¡pIbpw hyàambn tcJs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXn«pWvSv. ]n¶oSv {_n«ojpImÀ C´ybn B[n]Xyapd¸n¨t¸mÄ AXns\ Gähpw iàambn FXnÀ¯Xpw t\cn«Xpw apkvenwIfmbncp¶p. X§Äs¡Xnsc Iem]w XpS§nh¨Xv apl½ZobcmsW¶v {_n«ojv DtZymKØ\mb sPbnwkv Hu«vdmapw, apl½Z³ ]«mf¡mcpw P\§fpambncp¶p lnµp¡tf¡mÄ i{XpX ]peÀ¯nbsX¶v ]©m_v IaojWÀ kÀ tPm¬ temd³kpw ]dbm\pÅ ImcWhpw AXpXs¶.( History of Indian Mutiny Vol. 11 P: 355 ). AXn\m {_n«ojpImÀ C´y³ apkvenwItfmSv i{XpXm]camb \ne]mSv kzoIcn¨p. aXØm]\§fpsS \S¯n¸n\pthWvSn \ÂIs¸«ncp¶ kz¯p¡Ä tIm¬hmeokv {]`phnsâ imizX \nIpXn hyhØ h¶tXmsS apkvenwIÄ¡v \jvSs¸«p. {_n«ojpImÀ t]Àjy³ `mjbv¡v \nb{´WtaÀs¸Sp¯pIbpw icoA¯v hyhØ \nÀ¯em¡pIbpw sNbvXp. hJv^v kz¯p¡Ä¡v \nb{´WtaÀs¸Sp¯nbXv aXØm]\§sf {]XnIqeambn _m[n¨p. C¯cw {]bmk§fpw {]XnkÔnIfpw apkvenwIfpsS at\mhocyw sISp¯p¶Xn A\Â]amb ]¦phln¨p. AtXmsSm¸w sshtZinIm[n]Xyt¯mSpÅ AXniàamb shdp¸pw hntcm[hpw ImcWambn ]mÝmXy hnZym`ymk¯nsâ t\sc apkvenw kapZmbw ]pdw Xncnªp\n¶p. Cw¥ojv `mj ]Tn¡p¶Xns\ aXt\XrXzw IWniambn hne¡n. AXv \njn²amsW¶v ]ÞnX·mÀ hn[n¨p. Cu kao]\w tZiob kzmX{´yt_m[¯m {]tNmZnXambncp¶psh¦nepw apkvenwIÄ aäpÅhsc At]£n¨v _lpZqcw ]n¶nemIm³ AXv ImcWambn. {_n«ojpImcpsS {]XnImc \S]SnIfpw apkvenwIfpsS {_n«ojvhntcm[hpw H¯ptNÀ¶t¸mÄ ZoÀLImew cmPy`cWw \S¯nb kaqlw A[x]X\¯nte¡v BWvSpt]mhpIbmbncp¶p. {_n«ojpImÀ \mSp\o§nbtXmsS C´y hn`Pn¡s¸SpIbpw ChnSs¯ apkvenw hym]mcnIfpw hyhkmbnIfpw DtZymKØcpw t\Xm¡fpw ]ÞnX·mcpw k¼¶cpsaÃmw ]mInkvXm\nte¡v t]mhpIbpw XZv^eambn ^e¯n C´ybnse apkvenwIÄ XoÀ¯pw A\mYcmhpIbpw sNbvXp. kzXt{´´ybn ASn¡SnbpWvSmb hÀKob Iem]§fpw `cWIqS¯nsâ `mK¯p\n¶pWvSmb AhKW\bpw kÀthm]cn tbmKyamb kapZmbt\XrXz¯nsâ A`mhhpw apkvenwIsf IqSpX A[xØnXcpw ]n¶m¡¡mcpam¡n. C¶pw Cu \ne XpScpIbmWv. Ncn{X]camb ImcW§fm kw`hn¨ Cu ]XnXmhØbn Ckveman\v Hcp ]¦pansöpw tZiob kzmX{´y¯n\pthWvSnbpÅ HSp§m¯ tamlhpw bXv\hpw kzmX{´ythfbnepWvSmb cmPyhn`P\hpamWv bYmÀY ImcWsa¶pw GhÀ¡pw Gsdsbm¶pw hniIe\w sN¿msX Xs¶ a\Ênem¡mhp¶ hkvXpXbs{X. Ckvemans\ ka{Kambpw bYmXYambpw DÄs¡mÅpt¼mgmWv apkvenwIÄ apgpPohnX taJeIfnepw hfÀ¨bpw ]ptcmKXnbpw t\SpIsb¶pw AXns\ ssIsbmgn¡pt¼mgmWv XIÀ¨sbbpw ]n¶m¡mhØsbbpw A`napJoIcn¡pIsb¶pw Ignª ]Xn\mep \qämWvSpImes¯ Ncn{Xw hnebncp¯p¶ GhÀ¡pw t_m[yamIpw.

CkvemanI `cW¯nse aX\yq\]£§Ä ""C´ybn `qcn]£w lnµp¡fmbXn\metà FÃm aX¡mÀ¡pw XpeymhImiw \ÂIp¶ sk¡pecnkw ChnsS \ne\n¡p¶Xv? `qcn]£w apkvenwIfmbncp¶psh¦n C´ybpw aXm[njvTnX CkvemanI cmjv{SamhpIbpw aäp aXm\pbmbnIÄ cWvSmwXcw ]uc·mcmhpItbm aXwamdm³ \nÀ_ÔnXcmhpItbm sN¿pambncp¶ntÃ?'' kaql¯n \ne\n¡p¶ KpcpXcamb sXän²mcWIfmWv C¯cw kwib§Ä¡v ImcWw. apkvenwIÄ `qcn]£apÅ \mSpIsfÃmw aXm[njvTnX CkvemanIcmjv{S§fmsW¶ [mcW icnbÃ. CkvemanIhyhØ bYmhn[n \S¸m¡s¸Sp¶ cmPy§Ä am{Xta CkvemanIcmjv{Ssa¶ hntijW¯n\v AÀlamhpIbpÅq. \nehnepÅ apkvenw \mSpIÄ AÆn[w sN¿m¯Xn\memWv temIs¯hnsSbpw amXrIm CkvemanI cmjv{S§Ä ImWs¸Sm¯Xv. `mKnIambn CkvemanIhyhØ \S¸m¡p¶ \mSpIfpWvSv. Ah A{Xt¯mfta CkvemanIamhpIbpÅq. CkvemanIcmjv{S¯nse Aapkvenw ]uc·mÀ¡v X§fpsS hnizmk§Ä h¨p]peÀ¯m\pw Bcm[\m\pjvTm\§Ä \nÀhln¡m\pw BNmc§Ä ]n´pScm\pw kzmX{´yapWvSmbncn¡pw. BcpsS taepw Ckvemans\ ASnt¨Â]n¡pItbm Bscsb¦nepw aXw amdm³ \nÀ_Ôn¡pItbm CÃ. A§s\ sN¿p¶Xv Ckvemw IWniambn hne¡nbncn¡p¶p: ""aX¯n Hcphn[ \nÀ_ÔhpanÃ. k·mÀKw anYym[mcWIfn \n¶v thÀXncnªv Ignªncn¡p¶p.''(Jp. 2: 256). ""\o hnfw_cw sN¿pI: CXv \n§fpsS \mY\nÂ\n¶pÅ kXyamIp¶p. CjvSapÅhÀ¡nXv kzoIcn¡mw. CjvSapÅhÀ¡v \ntj[n¡mw.'' (Jp. 18:29). ssZhZqX·mÀ¡pt]mepw aXw kzoIcn¡m³ Bscbpw \nÀ_Ôn¡m³ A\phmZapWvSmbncp¶nÃ. AÃmlp Adnbn¡p¶p: ""P\§Ä hnizmknIfmIm³ \o Ahsc \nÀ_Ôn¡pItbm? ssZhlnXanÃmsX HcmÄ¡pw hnizkn¡pI km[yaÃ''(Jp. 6: 69). ""\_ntb, \o DZvt_m[n¸n¨psImWvSncn¡pI. \o DZvt_m[I³ am{XamIp¶p. \o Ahsc \nÀ_Ôn¨v hgns¸Sp¯p¶hs\m¶paÃ.''(Jp. 88: 21,22). temI¯nse BZys¯ CkvemanIcmjv{Samb aZo\bnÂ, AXnsâ Øm]I\mb \_nXncpta\n aX\yq\]£§Ä¡v A\phZn¨Xpt]mepÅ kzmX{´yhpw kuIcyhpw atäsX¦nepw aXm[njvTnX \mSpIfntem aX\nct]£ cmPy§fntem ImWs¸Sptamsb¶v \ymbambpw kwibnt¡WvSnbncn¡p¶p. aZo\ AwKoIcn¨v {]Jym]n¨ {]amW¯n C§s\ ImWmw: ""\½psS `cWkmtlmZcykoabnÂs]Sp¶ PqX·mÀ¡v hÀKmSnØm\¯nepÅ ]£]mX]camb s]cpamä§fnÂ\n¶pw t{Zml§fnÂ\n¶pw c£ \ÂIpw. \½psS klmb¯n\pw Zbm\ncXamb kwc£W¯n\pw apkvenw kapZmbmwK§sft¸mse AhÀ¡pw AhImiapWvSv. apkvenwIfpambn tNÀ¶v AhÀ GI LS\bpÅ Hcp cmjv{Sambn¯ocpw. apkvenwIsft¸mse¯s¶ AhÀ¡pw kzX{´ambn X§fpsS aXw BNcn¡mhp¶XmWv.'' kÀ tXmakv BÀWÄUv FgpXp¶p: ""apl½Zv ]e Ad_vþss{IkvXh tKm{X§fpambpw kÔnbnteÀs¸«ncp¶p. AhÀ¡t±lw kwc£Whpw kz´w aXamNcn¡m\pÅ kzmX{´yhpw \ÂIn''(Ckvemw: {]t_m[\hpw {]Nmchpw, ]pdw 60). {]hmNIsâ ]mX ]n´pSÀ¶v apgph³ apkvenw`cWm[nImcnIfpw kzoIcn¨ kao]\hpw CXpXs¶. C´ym Ncn{X¯n Gsd sXän²cn¡s¸SpIbpw

hnaÀi\hnt[b\mhpIbpw sNbvX HudwKko_nsâ aXkao]\¯n {]ISambncp¶ klnjvWpXsb kw_Ôn¨v AeIvkmWvSÀ lman«¬ FgpXp¶p: ""lnµp¡Ä¡v ]cn]qÀWamb aXkzmX{´yw e`n¡p¶psWvS¶Xn\v ]pdsa sslµh cmPm¡·mcpsS Iognembncn¡pt¼msgms¡ AhÀ \S¯nbncp¶ {hX§fpw DÕh§fpw BtLmjn¡m\pÅ kuIcy§Ä DWvSmbncp¶p. aodäv \Kc¯n am{Xw sslµhhn`mK¯n \qdnÂ]cw hyXykvX hn`mK§fpsWvS¦nepw AhÀ X½n {]mÀY\IfpsStbm kn²m´§fpsStbm t]cn bmsXmcp hn[ hnhmZhpw DWvSmbncp¶nÃ. GsXmcmÄ¡pw Abmfm{Kln¡p¶ hn[w ssZhmÀ¨\IÄ \S¯phm\pw Bcm[n¡m\papÅ kzmX{´yapWvSmbncp¶p. aX[zwk\§Ä AÚmXas{X'' ( Alaxander Hamilton, A new Account of the East Indies, Vol. 1, PP. 159, 162, 163). apkvenw `cWm[nImcnIÄ aX]cnhÀ¯\¯n\v \nÀ_Ôn¡pItbm k½ÀZw sNep¯pItbm sNbvXncp¶psh¦n \oWvS \nch[n \qämWvSpIfpsS `cW¯n\p tijhpw apkvenwIfnhnsS \yq\]£amIpambncp¶nsöv kphnZnXamWtÃm. CkvemanI `cW¯n aX\yq\]£§Ä¡v ]qÀWamb Bcm[\mkzmX{´yw \ÂIs¸«ncp¶p. \Pvdm\nse {InkvXym\nIfpambn {]hmNI\pWvSm¡nb kÔnhyhØIfn C§s\ ImWmw. ""\Pvdm\nse ss{IkvXhÀ¡pw AhcpsS klhmknIÄ¡pw ssZh¯nsâ A`bhpw ssZhZqX\mb apl½Znsâ kwc£tWm¯chmZnXzhpapWvSv. AhcpsS Poh³, aXw, `qan, [\w F¶nhbv¡pw Ahcn lmPdpÅh¶pw CÃm¯h¶pw AhcpsS H«I§Ä¡pw \nthZIkwL§Ä¡pw Ipcniv, NÀ¨v t]mepÅ aXNnӧġpw thWvSnbmWnXv. \nehnepÅ AhØbn Hcp amähpw hcp¯p¶XÃ. AhcpsS bmsXmchImihpw Hcp aXNnÓhpw amäs¸Sp¶XÃ. AhcpsS ]mXncntbm ]ptcmlnXt\m NÀ¨v tkhIt\m Xsâ Øm\¯v \n¶v \o¡s¸Sp¶XÃ.'' H¶mw Jeo^ A_q_IvÀ kzn±oJv(d) lodmhmknIfpambn H¸ph¨ kÔnhyhØIfnen§s\ ]dbp¶p: ""AhcpsS Bcm[\meb§fpw I\okpIfpw i{Xp¡fnÂ\n¶v c£ t\Sp¶ tIm«Ifpw s]mfn¨pamäs¸Sp¶XÃ. aWnbSn¡p¶tXm s]cp¶mfn\v Ipcniv Fgp¶Ån¡p¶tXm XSbs¸Sp¶XpaÃ.'' a[y]qÀhtZis¯ ss{IkvXhhnizmknIÄ apkvenw `cW¯n\v Iogn k¼qÀW aXkzmX{´yw A\phZn¨ncp¶Xn\m hfsctbsd kwXr]vXcmbncp¶p. \oWvS A©p \qämWvSpImew CkvemanIm[n]Xyw A\p`hn¨tijhpw Cu AhØbnsemcp amähpw kw`hn¨ncp¶nsöv ]{´WvSmw \qämWvSnsâ cWvSmw ]IpXnbn At´mIybnse bmt¡m_mb ]m{XnbmÀ¡okmbncp¶ henb ssa¡ensâ {]kvXmh\ AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p. tdma³ `cWm[nImcnbmbncp¶ lncm¢nbknsâ aÀZ\ IYIÄ hnhcn¨psImWvSv At±lw FgpXp¶p: ""C§s\bmWv kÀhià\pw a\pjycpsS km{amPy§Ä Xsâ lnX¯n\\pkcn¨v amänadn¡p¶h\pw Xm\nOn¡p¶hÀ¡v km{amPyw \ÂIp¶h\pw ]mh§sf D²cn¡p¶h\pamb {]XnImc¯nsâ ssZhw Civtaensâ k´m\§sf tdma³ Ic§fnÂ\n¶pw \s½ c£n¡m\mbn sX¡p\n¶p sImWvSph¶Xv. tdma¡mÀ \½psS NÀ¨pIfpw aT§fpw IhÀ¨ sN¿p¶Xpw \s½ \nÀZbw aÀZn¡p¶Xpw ssZhw t\m¡n¡mWpIbmbncp¶p. bYmÀY¯n \ap¡Â]w \jvSw kw`hn¨n«psWvS¦n AXv ImÂkntUmWnb³ ]£¯p\n¶v GÂ]n¡s¸« \½psS NÀ¨pIÄ AhcpsS ssIbn Xs¶ tijn¡p¶XpsImWvSv DWvSmbXp am{XamWv. Ad_nIÄ \Kc§Ä A[o\s¸Sp¯nbt¸mÄ Hmtcmcp¯cpsSbpw ssIhiapÅ NÀ¨pIÄ A§s\¯s¶ \ne\nÀ¯n. GXmbncp¶mepw tdma¡mcpsS {IqcXbnÂ\n¶pw \oNXz¯nÂ\n¶pw tcmj¯nÂ\n¶pw aXmthi¯nÂ\n¶pw c£ {]m]n¡pIbpw \mw kam[m\¯n IgnbpIbpw sN¿p¶psh¶Xv H«pw \nÊmcImcyaÃ''( Michael the elder Vol. 2, PP. 412, 413. D²cWw: kÀ tXmakv BÀWÄUv, Ckvemw {]t_m[\hpw {]Nmchpw, ]pdw 67).

C´ybnse apkvenw B[n]Xys¯ kw_Ôn¨v {io. Cuizcn {]kmZv ]dbp¶p: ""apkvenwIÄ IogS¡s¸« P\Xbv¡v Bcm[\m kzmX{´yw A\phZn¡pIbpw AhtcmSv klnjvWpXm]qÀhw s]cpamdpIbpapWvSmbn.''( History of Muslim Rule, Page 46 ). tUmIvSÀ XmcmNµv FgpXp¶p: ""apkvenw tPXm¡Ä ]cmPnXtcmSv hfsc \¶mbn s]cpamdn. lnµp ]ÞnX·mÀ¡pw ]qPmcnamÀ¡pw X§fpsS tZhmeb§Ä¡pw N«¸SnbpÅ AhImiw \ÂIm³ IÀjIsc A\phZn¨p.''( Ibid, Page 49 ). aI³ lpabqWn\v _m_À N{IhÀ¯n \ÂInb At´ym]tZi§fn lnµpktlmZc·mtcmSv AXypZmcambn s]cpamdm\mhiys¸SpIbpWvSmbn. tUm. cmtP{µ{]kmZv DÄs¸sS D²cn¨ {]kvXpX At´ym]tZi§fn C§s\ ImWmw: ""C´y aXsshhn[y§fpsS \mSmWv. AXn \o \µn tcJs¸Sp¯Ww. AÃmlp \n\¡v A[nImcw \ÂInbm \o aX]£]mXnXzw ImWn¡cpXv. sslµhcpsS lrZbw {hWs¸Spw hn[w ]ip¡sf Adp¡cpXv. AXp sNbvXm P\w \ns¶ shdp¡pw. t£{X§fpw Bcm[\meb§fpw XIÀ¡cpXv. `cWm[nImcn `cWobscbpw `cWobÀ `cWIÀ¯mhns\bpw kvt\ln¡p¶ kmlNcyw krjvSn¡pI. ZbmlrZbw sImWvSmWv Ckvemans\ [\yamt¡WvSXv. ASn¨aÀ¯eneqsSbÃ''(D²cWw: anknkv \ntem^À AlvaZv, C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v H_vPIvSohv ÌUokv, \yqUÂln). BewKoÀ \mabnen§s\ hmbn¡mw: ""HudwKko_v _wKmfnepw Bkmanepw Nne lnµp t£{X§Ä \nÀan¡pIbpw _p²Kb¡v h¼n¨ `qkz¯v cmPIobimk\ hgn \ÂIpIbpapWvSmbn''(D²cWw: i llustrated weekly, 5.10.'75 ). ]Þnäv kpµÀem ]dbp¶p: ""AIv_À, PlmwKoÀ, jmPlm³ F¶nhcpsS Ime¯pw HudwKko_nsâbpw ]n³KmanIfpsSbpw Ime¯pw lnµp¡tfmSpw apkvenwItfmSpw Htc kao]\amWv kzoIcn¨ncp¶Xv. cWvSp aX§fpw Xpeyambn BZcn¡s¸«p. aX¯nsâ t]cn BtcmSpw Hcphn[ hnthN\hpw ImWn¨ncp¶nÃ. FÃm N{IhÀ¯namcpw \nch[n t£{X§Ä¡v Ht«sd `qkz¯p¡Ä \ÂIpIbpWvSmbn. C¶pw C´ybnse hnhn[ t£{X]qPmcnIfpsS hiw HudwKko_nsâ H¸pÅ cmPIÂ]\ \nehnepWvSv. Ah At±lw ]mcntXmjnI§fpw `qkz¯p¡fpw \ÂInbXnsâ kvacWnIbs{X. C¯cw cWvSp IÂ]\IÄ Ct¸mgpw Celm_mZnepWvSv. Ahbnsem¶v tkma\mY t£{X¯nse ]qPmcnbpsS hiamWv''. CXc aXhn`mK§fpsS Bcm[\meb§fpsS kwc£W¯nepw CkvemanIcm{ãw F¶pw FhnsSbpw XnIª {i²bpw Pm{KXbpw ]peÀ¯nt¸m¶n«pWvSv. H¶mw Jeo^bmb A_q_IvÀ kzn±oJnt\mSv cmPys¯ ss{IkvXh hnizmknIÄ, X§Ä ]pXpXmbn \nÀan¨ NÀ¨v DZvLmS\w sN¿m\mhiys¸SpIbpw AXv CkvemanImcm[\bmb \akvImcw \nÀhln¨v \S¯nbm aXnsb¶v \nÀtZin¡pIbpw sNbvXp. At¸mÄ At±lw ]dªp: ""Rm\Xv DZvLmS\w sNbvXm Fsâ Imetijw bmYmÀYyadnbm¯hÀ R§fpsS Jeo^ \akvIcn¨ ØeamsW¶v AXnsâ t]cn AhImihmZap¶bn¡pIbpw AXv Ipg¸§Ä¡nShcp¯pIbpw sNbvtX¡mw.'' Jeo^bpsS Bi¦ icnbmsW¶p t_m[yamb ss{IkvXh ktlmZc·mÀ X§fpsS DZya¯nÂ\n¶v ]n³amdn. ^ekvXo³ kµÀin¡sh \akvImckabambt¸mÄ cWvSmw Jeo^ Dadp ^mdqJnt\mSv AhnSs¯ ]m{XnbmÀ¡okv kz^À\nbqkv, X§fpsS NÀ¨nÂh¨v \akvImcw \nÀhln¡m\mhiys¸«p. F¶m B \nÀtZiw Jeo^ \µn]qÀhw \nckn¡pIbmWpWvSmbXv. AXn\v At±lw ]dª ImcWw, Xm\hnsS h¨v \akvIcn¨m ]n¡me¯v AhnthInIfmb apkvenwIfmsc¦nepw AXnsâ t]cn AhImihmZap¶bn¡pIbpw AXv ]Ånbm¡n amäm³ {ian¡pIbpw sNbvtX¡psa¶mbncp¶p. A¯csamchnthI¯n\v AhkcapWvSmhcpsX¶v \nÀ_ÔapWvSmbncp¶ Dadp ^mdqJv NÀ¨n\p ]pd¯pÅ Hcp Hgnª Øe¯v hkv{Xw hncn¨v \akvIcn¡pIbmWpWvSmbXv.

AapkvenwIÄ¡v AhcpsS hyàn\nba§f\pkcn¨v Pohn¡m³ ]qÀW kzmX{´yw \ÂIp¶ Ckvemw AhcpsS HchImihpw l\n¡m³ A\phZn¡p¶nÃ. {]hmNI³ Xncpta\n AcpÄ sN¿p¶p: ""kq£n¨psImÅpI, Aapkvenw ]uc·msc hÃhcpw ASn¨aÀ¯pItbm AhcpsS ta Ignhn\XoXamb \nIpXn`mcw Npa¯pItbm AhtcmSv {Iqcambn s]cpamdpItbm AhcpsS AhImi§Ä sh«n¡pdbv¡pItbm sN¿pIbmsW¦n A´yhn[n \mfn AhÀs¡Xnsc Rm³ kzbw Xs¶ ]cmXn t_m[n¸n¡p¶XmWv.''(A_qZmhqZv) ""BÀ Aapkvenw ]ucs\ A]mbs¸Sp¯p¶pthm Ah³ kzÀK¯nsâ KÔw t]mepw A\p`hn¡pIbnÃ'' (A_qbqkp^v, InXm_p JdmPv, t]Pv 71). hnhmlw, hnhmltamN\w, A\´cmhImiw XpS§nb hyàn\nba§fpambn _Ôs¸« {]iv\§sfÃmw _Ôs¸« I£nIfpsS aXmNmc{]ImcamWv CkvemanI tImSXnIÄ XoÀ¸v IÂ]n¡pI. icoA¯v hn[nIÄ AhcpsS ta \S¸nem¡pIbnÃ. \_nXncpta\nbpsS Ime¯v PqX·mcpsS tIkpIÄ hnNmcWbv¡p h¶m aZo\bnse "ss_¯p anZvdmkv' F¶ PqXskan\mcnbpambn _Ôs¸«v AhnSs¯ ]ptcmlnX·mtcmSv tXmdbnse hn[nIÄ At\zjn¨v ]Tn¨ tijta AhnS¶p XoÀ¸v IÂ]n¨ncp¶pÅq. (C_v\p lnimw, kod¯p¶_n, hmfyw 2, ]pdw 201). kÀ tXmakv BÀWÄUv FgpXp¶p: ""Aapkvenw kaql§Ä an¡hmdpw ]qÀWamb kzbw`cWmhImiw A\p`hn¡pIbpWvSmbn. F´psImsWvS¶m X§fpsS B`y´cImcy§Ä ssIImcyw sN¿m\pÅ kzmX{´yw `cWIqSw AhcpsS Ic§fn Xs¶ GÂ]n¨ncp¶p. aX]camb hnjb§fn Xocpam\saSp¡phm\pÅ A[nImcw AhcpsS ]ptcmlnX·mÀ¡v e`n¨p. AhcpsS NÀ¨pIfpw aT§fpw bmsXmcp Du\hpw X«msX \ne\nÀ¯m\\phZn¨p''(Ckvemw: {]t_m[\hpw {]Nmchpw, ]pdw 78). F¶m CkvemanIcmjv{S¯n A\oXnIfpw hnthN\§fpw \S¡pIbnÃ. PmXnþaXþI£n t`Zat\y \njvIrjvSamb \oXn \S¸nem¡s¸Spw. JpÀB³ IÂ]n¡p¶p: ""hnizkn¨htc, \n§Ä AÃmlphn\p thWvSn t\ÀamÀK¯n \nesImÅp¶hcpw \oXn¡v km£yw hln¡p¶hcpamIpI. Hcp P\XtbmSpÅ hntcm[w \oXn \S¸nem¡s¸SmXncn¡m³ \n§sf t{]cn¸n¡mXncn¡s«. \oXn ]men¡phn³. AXmWv ssZh`àn¡v Gähpw A\ptbmPyw''(5:8). CkvemanIcmjv{S¯n Aapkvenw ]uc·mÀs¡Xnsc Iem]w \S¯nbm in£m \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡s¸Spw. h[n¨m {]Xn{Inb \S¸m¡s¸Spw. Bcm[\meb§Ä XIÀ¡s¸«m XIÀ¯hÀs¡Xnsc ISp¯ in£ hn[n¡pIbpw XIÀ¡s¸«h ]p\À\nÀan¡pIbpw sN¿pw. Bcm[\meb§sft¸mse¯s¶ aX\yq\]£§fpsS Poh\pw kz¯pw hnZymØm]\§fpw hyàn\nba§fpw ]qÀWambpw kpc£nXambncn¡pw. AhbpsSsbm¶pw t\sc Hcphn[ ssItbähpw A\phZn¡s¸Sp¶XÃ. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ CkvemanI `cW¯n aX\yq\]£§Ä kzmX{´yhpw kpc£bpw A\phZn¡psa¶Xnsem«pw kwibanÃ. Ahscmcn¡epw AÂ]hpw A\oXnt¡m ssItbä§Ät¡m Ahtlf\§Ät¡m CcbmhpIbnÃ. cmPys¯ BZnhmknIfpw ]nt¶m¡ PmXn¡mcpsaÃmw X§Ä lnµp¡fsöv iàambn hmZn¨psImWvSncns¡, tNmZy¯nep¶bn¨, C´ybnse `qcn]£w lnµp¡fmsW¶ ]cmaÀiw kq£vatam hkvXp\njvTtam AsöpIqSn ]dtbWvSXpWvSv.

KÄ^p\mSpIfnse t£{Xhne¡v ""KÄ^v\mSpIfn lnµp¡sf t£{Xw ]Wnbm³ A\phZn¡mdnsömWv Adnhv. AsX´psImWvSmWv?'' KÄ^v \mSpIfn lnµp]uc·mcnÃ. AhnsSbpÅ lnµp¡Ä tPmenbmhiymÀYw sN¶ hntZinIfmWv. apkvenwIfpÄs¸sS hntZinIfmb BÀ¡pw AhnsS Øew hm§mt\m Bcm[\mebw ]Wnbmt\m A\phmZanÃ. AYhm, hntZiapkvenwIÄ¡v ]ÅnbpWvSm¡m\pw AhnS§fnse \nbaw A\phZn¡p¶nÃ. hntZinIÄ¡v C´ybntem CXc skIypeÀ \mSpIfntem kz´amb Bcm[\mebw ]Wnbm³ A\phmZanÃm¯Xpt]mse¯s¶. F¶n«pw ZoÀLImeambn KÄ^v \mSpIfn IgnªpIqSp¶ knÔn lnµp¡Ä¡v Bcm[\mebw \nÀan¡m³ `cWIqSw {]tXyIw A\paXn \ÂIpIbpWvSmbn. aebmf¯nse BÀ.Fkv.Fkv. hmcnI tIkcn FgpXp¶p: ""akvI¯v, _lvssd³, Zpss_ F¶o KÄ^p cmPy§Ä hntZit¡mbva¡v Iogn DÅXpapX `mcXobcpw lnµp¡fpamb knÔnIÄ ChnS§fn IpSntbdn¸mÀ¡pI ImcWw {]kvXpX cmPy§fpsS A`nhr²nbn KWyamb ]¦phln¨ncp¶p. {]kvXpX bmYmÀYyw a\Ênem¡n AhnS§fnse `cWm[n]·mÀ AhÀ¡v {]tXyI ]cnKW\IÄ sImSp¯pt]m¶p''(6þ4þ1986). ""Zpss_ ssiJv AhÀ¡v thWvSp¶ FÃm B\pIqey§fpw \ÂIp¶Xn {]tXyIw {i²n¨pt]m¶p. knÔnIfpsS BhiymÀYw lnµp¡fpsS Hcp t£{Xhpw CjvStZhXIsf h¨p ]qPn¡m\pÅ A\phmZhpw AXpt]mse DÕhmZnIÄ sImWvSmSm\pÅ AwKoImchpw \ÂIpIbpWvSmbn. lnµp¡Ä¡v ihkwkvImcw sN¿m\pÅ Hcp {]tXyI ivaim\¯n\pÅ Øehpw IqSn A\phZn¡pIbpWvSmbn'' (tIkcn 5þ1þ1986).

kv{Xo¡v `cWþcmjv{Sob ]¦mfn¯w ]mSntÃ? ""kv{XoIÄ `cWþcmjv{Sob cwK§fn ]¦phln¡p¶Xns\ Ckvemw hne¡p¶ptWvSm? apkvenw kv{XoIÄ `cWm[nImcnIfmIm³ ]mSnsöv ]dªptIÄ¡p¶Xv icnbmtWm?'' Cu tNmZy¯n\v Ccp]Xmw \qämWvSv IWvS {]apJ ]ÞnX·mcnsemcmfmb ssiJv apl½Zp KÊmen \ÂInb hniZoIcWw ChnsS D²cn¡p¶Xv DNnXambncn¡psa¶v IcpXp¶p. At±lw FgpXp¶p: ""aZo\m amÀ¡änsâ \nb{´Whpw hn[n¯oÀ¸pw in^mCs\bmWv Dadp ^mdqJv GÂ]n¨ncp¶Xv. AhchnsS \nbaewL\§Ä XSbpIbpw \oXn \S¸m¡pIbpw hn[n {]kvXmhn¡pIbpw sNbvXXv B¬þs]¬t`Zat\y FÃmhÀ¡panSbnembncp¶p. GsX¦nepw hn[¯nepÅ \nb{´W§Ä Jeo^ AhcpsS ta GÀs¸Sp¯nbncp¶nÃ. kv{XoIsf cmjv{St\XrXztam `cWm[nImctam GÂ]n¨psImSp¡m³ tamln¨p \S¡p¶ Iq«¯nsem¶paà Rm³. Hcp Imcyta \mw B{Kln¡p¶pÅq. kaql¯nse Gähpw A\ptbmPy\mb BÄ cmPy¯nsâbpw cmPy`cW¯nsâbpw t\XrXz¯n hcWw. "kv{Xosb A[nImctaÂ]n¨ P\X ]cmPbs¸«ncn¡p¶p' F¶ {]hmNIhN\apWvStÃm. At¸mÄ GsX¦nepw hn[¯nepÅ A[nImcw kv{Xosb GÂ]n¡p¶Xv ]cmPbImcWamhntÃsb¶v tNmZnt¨¡mw. ChnsS Cu {]hmNIhN\s¯ kw_Ôn¨v AÂ]w Bg¯n BtemNn¡m³ \mam{Kln¡p¶p. {]hmNIhN\w kzoImcyw Xs¶. F¶m AXnsâ Bibw F´mbncn¡pw?

CkvemanI apt¶ä¯n\p ap¼n t]Àjy³ km{amPyw \news]m¯ns¡mWvSncp¶t¸mÄ AhnsS `cWw \S¯nbncp¶Xv A`ni]vXamb cmPhmgvNbpw GIm[n]Xyhpambncp¶p. hn{Klmcm[\bne[njvTnXamb aXw, IqSnbmtemN\ ANn´yamb cmPIpSpw_w, acWw hn[n¡s¸« A`n{]mb hnaÀi\kzmX{´yw, X½neSn¡p¶ cmPIpSpw_§Ä, aI³ ]nXmhns\bpw ktlmZc³ ktlmZcs\bpw hIhcp¯p¶ A[nImcs¡mXn, kÀthm]cn FÃmw kln¨v AS§nsbmXp§n Ignbp¶ {]XnIcWtijn Adnbm¯ P\X! apkvenw apt¶ä¯n\p ap¼n t]Àjy³ ssk\yw ]nSn¨p\n¡m\mhmsX ]n´ncnbpIbpw cmPymXnÀ¯n Npcp§n¨pcp§n hcnIbpambncp¶p. At¸mgpahÀ¡v {]m]vX\mb Hcmsf cmPy`cWw GÂ]n¡m\mbnÃ. cmP`cW¯nsâ `mKambn AhnthInbmb Hcp kv{Xosb A[nImc¯n hmgn¡pIbmbncp¶p. CXv B cmPy¯nsâbpw km{amPy¯nsâbpw F¶t¶¡pambpÅ Xntcm[m\w hnfn¨dnbn¡p¶Xmbncp¶p. ZoÀLho£I\pw kq£vaÚm\nbpamb {]hmNI³ CtX ¸änbpÅ Xsâ hnebncp¯Â kXykÔambn tcJs¸Sp¯pIbmbncp¶p. "kv{Xosb A[nImctaÂ]n¨ P\X ]cmPbaSªXpXs¶.' t\sc adn¨v B Ahkcw t]Àjy³`cWw IqSnbmtemN\bne[njvTnXhpw `cWm[nImcnbmb h\nX tKmÄUmaodns\t¸msemcmfmhpIbpw ssk\nI Xocpam\§Ä D¯chmZs¸«hcpsS Ic§fn Bbncn¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶psh¦n {]hmNIsâ hnebncp¯Â asämcp hn[¯nembncpt¶s\.'' D]cypà {]hmNIhN\s¯ kw_Ôn¨v tUm. Pam _Zhn FgpXp¶p: ""Cu \_nhN\w kv{XoIsf `cWt\XrXz¯nÂ\n¶pw amän\nÀ¯m\pÅ sXfnhmbn hymJym\n¡s¸«phcp¶psWvS¦nepw ]e ]WvUnX³amcpw CXnt\mSv tbmPn¡p¶nÃ. \_nbpsS Imes¯ t]Àjy³ `cWm[nImcnIÄ {]hmNIt\mSpw At±lw AhcpsS ASpt¯¡b¨ ZqXt\mSpw sImSnb i{XpX ImWn¨hcmbncp¶p. AXn\m t]Àjy¡mÀ Jp{kphnsâ ]p{Xnsb X§fpsS `cWm[nImcnbmbn AwKoIcn¨ hmÀ¯tbmSpÅ {]XnIcWs¯, cmjv{S¯nsâ `cWt\XrXzhpambn _Ôs¸« enwK{]iv\¯nsâ hniZoIcWambÃ, B aÀZIkm{amPy¯nsâ Bk¶]X\s¯ kw_Ôn¨ {]hN\sa¶ \nebnemWv ImtWWvSXv. \_nbpsS {]hN\w ]n¶oSv ]pecpIbpw sNbvXp... AXn\m Cu \_nhN\w kv{XoIsf cmjv{S¯nsâ `cWt\XrXz¯nÂ\n¶pw Hgn¨p\nÀ¯ntb ]äq F¶pÅXn\v sXfnhmIp¶nÃ.'' AXn\m kv{Xosb `cWt\XrXz¯nÂ\n¶v hne¡p¶ hyàhpw JWvUnXhpamb JpÀB³ hmIytam {]hmNI hN\tam CÃ. F¦nepw hfsc A\nhmcy kmlNcyansæn AsXmgnhm¡p¶XmWp¯aw. tUm. Pam _Zhn FgpXp¶p: ""Ckvemansâ cmjv{Sob hyhØ hniZoIcn¡p¶Xn {]kn²nbmÀPn¨ {]apJ \nba]WvUnX³ A_qbAvem cmjv{S¯ehsâ tbmKyXIfn "]pcpj\mbncn¡pI' Fs¶mcp hyhØ DÄs¸Sp¯nbn«nsöv AÂJmknan \nco£n¡p¶p. ChnsS ]t£, Hcp Imcyw {]tXyIw {i²nt¡WvSXpWvSv. Ckvemanse cmjv{S¯eh³ shdpsamcp NS§p Xeh\Ã. At±lw \akvImc¯n\p t\XrXzw sImSp¡p¶p. Nnet¸mÄ \nc´cw bm{XsN¿p¶p. CXc cmjv{S¯eh³amcpambnþ AhÀ ]et¸mgpw ]pcpj³amcmbncn¡pwþ IqSnbmtemN\ \S¯p¶p; ]et¸mgpw clky kw`mjW§fpw. kv{XoIÄ¡v C¯cw _Ô§fpw _m[yXIfpw ZpÀhlambncn¡psa¶Xn kwibanÃ. am{XaÃ, kv{Xoþ]pcpj³amÀ¡nSbnse icnbmb ]ckv]c_Ô§sf kw_Ôn¨v CkvemanI amÀK \nÀtZi§tfmSv Ah s]mcp¯s¸SpIbnÃ.'' CXv cmjv{S¯nsâ ]ctam¶X ]Zhnsb kw_Ôn¨p am{Xw _m[IamIp¶ ImcyamWv. kv{Xo AXn\pXmsgbpÅ Øm\§Ä hln¡p¶Xns\tbm kPoh cmjv{Sob¯n CSs]Sp¶Xns\tbm Ckvemwhne¡p¶nÃ. Cdm³ CkvemanIv dn¸»n¡nse sshkv {]knUâpamcnsemcmfpw AhnSs¯ Fw.]n.amcn ]Xn\mep t]cpw h\nXIfmWv. CXc apkvenw \mSpIfpsS ØnXnbpw `n¶aÃ. F¦nepw kv{XoIfpsS {]Yahpw {][m\hpamb _m[yX hoSnsâ `cWhpw amXrXz]camb D¯chmZn¯§fpsS icnbmb \nÀhlWhpamsW¶ Imcyw

hnkvacn¡mhXÃ. hcpwXeapdIsf bYmhn[n hmÀ¯pw hfÀ¯nbpsaSp¡pIsb¶Xns\ Ckvemw H«pw \nÊmcambn¡mWp¶nsöp am{XaÃ, AXn{][m\ IrXyambn ]cnKWn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. amXrXzw `qanbn Gähpw BZcWobhpw alnXhpamhm\pÅ ImcWhpw AXpXs¶.

kv{XobpsS km£yw ""km£y¯n\v HcmWn\p ]Icw cWvSv kv{Xo thWsa¶mWtÃm CkvemanI \nbaw. CXv kv{XotbmSpÅ A\oXnbpw hnthN\hpw ]pcpjta[mhnXz]camb kao]\hpatÃ?'' Hcp ]pcpj\p ]Icw cWvSv kv{Xosb¶Xv km£y¯n\pÅ Ckvemansâ s]mXp \nbaaÃ; km¼¯nI CS]mSpIfn am{Xw _m[Iamb ImcyamWv. kv{XoIÄ km[mcW KXnbn km¼¯nI CS]mSpIÄ \S¯p¶hcpw sImÅs¡mSp¡Ifn GÀs¸Sp¶hcpaÃm¯Xn\m ]WanS]mSpIfpsS km£y¯n A_²w kw`hn¡mXncn¡m\pw kq£vaX ]men¡m\pambn \nÝbn¡s¸« \n_Ô\ am{XamWnXv. kv{Xos¡Xnsc kZmNmc ewL\w Btcm]n¡s¸«m kzoIcnt¡WvS kzbw km£y¯nsâbpw kXyw sN¿ensâbpw Imcy¯n kv{Xoþ]pcpj hyXymksam«pansöv JpÀB³ Xs¶ kwib¯n\nSanÃm¯ hn[w hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv (A[ymbw 24, hmIyw 6þ9). CXc km£y§fpsS ØnXnbpw CXpXs¶. hnhmltamN\s¯¡pdn¨v JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""C\n AhcpsS Zo£mh[n kam]n¨mtem, H¶pIn Ahsc am\yambn IqsS \nÀ¯pItbm Asæn am\yamb \nebn thÀ]ncnbpItbm sN¿pI. \n§fn \oXnam·mcmb cWvSmfpIsf km£nIfm¡pIbpw sN¿pI. AhÀ AÃmlphn\pthWvSn \oXn]qÀhw km£yw hln¡s«.''(65: 2). Hky¯ns\ kw_Ôn¨v JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""hnizkn¨htc, \n§fnsemcph¶v acWamk¶amhpIbpw AbmÄ Hky¯v sN¿pIbpamsW¦n AXn\pÅ km£y¯nsâ am\w C{]Imcas{X. \n§fnÂ\n¶pÅ cWvSp \oXnam·mÀ km£yw hln¡Ww. Asæn \n§Ä bm{XmhØbnembncn¡pIbpw AhnsS acWhn]¯v A`napJoIcn¡pIbpamsW¦n At¸mÄ aäp P\¯nÂ\n¶p cWvSmfpIsf km£nIfm¡Ww.''(5: 106) BÀ¯hw, {]khw, XpS§n ]pcpj·mÀ¡v km£nIfmIm³ {]bmkapÅ Imcy§fn kv{XoIfpsS am{Xw km£yamWv kzoImcyamhpIsb¶Xn CkvemanI ]ÞnX·mÀ GIm`n{]mb¡mcmWv. Ckveman km¼¯nIhpw kmaqlnIhpw cmjv{Sobhpw `cW]chpamb FÃm \nba§fpsSbpw ASnØm\ {]amW§fnsem¶v {]hmNI NcybmWv. Cu {]hmNI NcybpsS \nthZ\¯nsâ kzoImcyXbn ]pcpjtâXp t]mse¯s¶ kv{XobptSXpw {]mamWnIhpw {]_ehpat{X. enwKt`Z¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nenhnsS Hcphn[ hnthN\hpanÃ. AXpsImWvSp Xs¶ {]_eamb lZokv {KÙ§fn ]pcpj³amsc¶ t]mse kv{XoIÄ \nthZ\w sNbvXhbpw [mcmfambn ImWmhp¶XmWv. FÃm km£y§fpsSbpw km£yamb ASnØm\ {]amW¯nsâ Imcy¯n ]pcpjsâ ]Zhn Xs¶ kv{Xo¡pw IÂ]n¨ Ckvemw CS]mSpIfpsS Imcy¯n hyXykvXamb \ne]mSv kzoIcn¨Xv hnthN\]ctam AhKW\tbm A\oXntbm Asöpw adn¨v, A_²w kw`hn¡mXncn¡m\pÅ kq£vaX am{XamsW¶pw hyàat{X. Camw A_ql\o^, Xz_cn t]mepÅ ]ÞnX³amÀ kv{XoIÄ¡v \ymbm[n]Øm\w hsc hln¡msa¶v A`n{]mbs¸«n«pWvSv. \nba¯nsâbpw \oXnbpsSbpw Imcy¯n hnthN\apsWvS¦n \nba\S¯n¸nsâ ]ctam¶X ]Zhnbmb \ymbm[n]Øm\w kv{Xo¡v Bhmsa¶v {]mamWnI ]ÞnX·mÀ ]dbpIbnÃtÃm.

kv{Xo¡v ]pcpjsâ ]mXn kz¯v ""kv{Xo¡v ]pcpjsâ ]mXnkz¯tà Ckvemw A\phZn¡p¶pÅq. CXv ISp¯ A\oXnbpw sImSnb hnthN\hpatÃ?'' CkvemanI \nbaa\pkcn¨v GXhkc¯nepw kv{Xo¡v Hcp hn[ km¼¯nI _m[yXIfpanÃ. AhImi§tfbpÅq. FÃm _m[yXIfpw GXp kmlNcy¯nepw ]pcpj\p am{XamWv. hnhmlthfbn hctâbpw h[phnsâbpw hkv{X§fpÄs¸sS FÃm hn[ sNehpIfpw hlnt¡WvSXv ]pcpj\mWv. AtXmsSm¸w h[phn\v \nÀ_Ôambpw alvÀ \ÂIpIbpw thWw. XpSÀ¶v kv{XobpsSbpw Ip«nIfpsSbpw kwc£tWm¯chmZnXzw ]qÀWambpw ]pcpj¶mWv. cWvSpt]cpw Htct]mse hcpam\apÅ tUmIvSÀamtcm A[ym]Itcm Bcmbncp¶mepw icn, kv{Xo Xm³ DÄs¸sS BcpsSbpw km¼¯nI sNehpIÄ hlnt¡WvSXnÃ. DtZymKØbmb `mcybpsS t]mepw `£Whpw hkv{Xhpw NnInÕbpapÄs¸sSbpÅ sNehpIsfms¡ \nÀhlnt¡WvSXv `À¯mhmWv. AYhm `À¯mhv acWs¸«m AbmÄ¡v kz¯nsæn AbmfpsS A\mY¡p«nIsf kwc£nt¡WvSXv ]nXmhv, ktlmZc·mÀ, ktlmZca¡Ä, ]nXrhyÀ XpS§n acn¨bmÄ¡v a¡fnsæn AbmfpsS kz¯nsâ injvSmhIminIfmIm\nSbpÅhcmWv. kv{Xo hnhmlnXbmsW¦n `À¯mhpw AhnhmlnXsb¦n ]nXmhpw ]nXmhnsæn ktlmZc·mcpamWv Ahsf kwc£nt¡WvSXv. amXmhnsâ kwc£W¨paXe a¡Ä¡mWv. AXn\m GXhØbnepw \nba]cambn kv{Xo¡v Hcphn[ km¼¯nI _m[yXbpanÃ. ]ckv]c _Ô¯nsâbpw kvt\l¯nsâbpw t]cn sNehgn¡p¶psh¦n AXv asämcp ImcyamWv. F¶n«pw Ckvemw kv{Xo¡v kz¯hImia\phZn¨Xpw alvÀ \nÀ_Ôam¡nbXpw AhcpsS A´Êpw kpc£nXXzhpw Dd¸phcp¯m\mWv. kz´w kz¯v kq£n¡m\pw kwc£n¡m\pw hÀ[n¸n¡m\pw kv{Xo¡v kzmX{´yhpw AhImihpapWvSv. amXmhv, aIÄ, `mcy, ktlmZcn t]mepÅ GXhØbnepw kwc£Ww ]qÀWambpw Dd¸phcp¯s¸« tijhpw `uXnI am\ZÞa\pkcn¨v kz¯v BhiyanÃmXncp¶n«pw Ckvemw AXv A\phZn¨Xv kv{XoXz¯nsâ al¯z¯n\pw BZchn\pw Hcphn[ t]mdepta¡mXncn¡m\mWv

F´psImWvSv kv{Xo{]hmNI·mcnÃ? ""ssZh¯n¦Â enwKhnthN\ansæn F´psImWvSv kv{Xo {]hmNI·msc \ntbmKn¨nÃ?'' ssZhnI PohnXhyhØ kaql¯n\v kaÀ¸n¡epw AXn\v IÀa]camb km£yw hln¡epw {]mtbmKnI amXrI ImWn¨psImSp¡epamWtÃm {]hmNI³amcpsS {][m\ ZuXyw. AXn\m Bcm[\mImcy§fnepw kmaqlnI, km¼¯nI, kmwkvImcnI, cmjv{Sob, `cWcwK§fnepw bp²w, kÔn t]mepÅhbnepw kaql¯n\v AhÀ amXrIbmthWvSXpWvSv. amk¯n GXm\pw Znhkw Bcm[\mIÀa§Ä¡v t\XrXzw \ÂIm\pw KÀ`[mcWw, {]khw t]mepÅ L«§fn \mbIXz]camb ]¦phln¡m\pw kv{XoIÄ¡v km[yamhmsX hcp¶p. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ kaql¯n\v kZm kIe taJeIfnepw t\XrXzw \ÂtIWvS {]hmNIXz_m[yXbnÂ\n¶v kv{XoIÄ Hgnhm¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. F¦nepw aqkm\_nbpsS amXmhv kz´w PohnX¯n ]IÀt¯WvS \nÀtZi§Ä ssZh¯nÂ\n¶v t\cn«v kzoIcn¨Xmbn hnip² JpÀB³ hyàam¡p¶p. AÃmlp Adnbn¡p¶p: ""\mw aqkmbpsS amXmhn\p t_m[\w \ÂIn. Ahs\ apebq«ns¡mÅpI. Ahsâ Poh\n Bi¦bpWvSmbm Ahs\ \ZnbnsednbpI. H¶pw `bs¸tSWvSXnÃ. H«pw ZpxJnt¡WvSXnÃ. \mw Ahs\ \nsâ ASp¡te¡pXs¶ XncnsI sImWvSphcp¶XmIp¶p. Ahs\ ssZhZqX·mcnepÄs¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿pw''(28: 7).

{]hmNI³amÀ¡v e`n¡pw hn[w tbiphnsâ amXmhv aÀban\v ae¡nÂ\n¶v ktµiw e`n¨Xmbpw JpÀB³ {]kvXmhn¡p¶p: ""A§s\ aÀbw B Ipªns\ KÀ`w [cn¨p. KÀ`hpambn AhÄ AIsebpÅ Hcp Øe¯v sNs¶¯n. ]ns¶ {]khthZ\ Ahsf Hcp Cu´¸\bpsS Nph«nse¯n¨p. AhÄ tIWpsImWvSncp¶p. lm IjvSw! CXn\p ap¼pXs¶ Rm³ acn¡pIbpw Fsâ t]cpw Ipdnbpw hnkvarXamhpIbpw sNbvXncps¶¦nÂ! At¸mÄ Xmsg\n¶v ae¡v Ahsf hnfn¨dnbn¨p. hyk\n¡mXncn¡pI! \nsâ \mY³ \n\¡p Xmsg Hcp Acphn Hgp¡nbncn¡p¶p. \o B Cu´¸\bpsS XSnsbm¶p Ipep¡n t\m¡pI. AXp \n\¡v ]pXnb Cu¯¸gw hogv¯n¯cpw. AXp Xn¶pIbpw IpSn¡pIbpw I¬IpfnÀ¡pIbpw sNbvXpsImÅpI. ]ns¶, hà a\pjyscbpw ImWpIbmsW¦n AhtcmSp ]dtª¡pI: Rm³ ImcpWnI\mb ssZh¯n\pthWvSn {hXw t\À¶ncn¡pIbmWv. AXn\m Rm\n¶v BtcmSpw kwkmcn¡p¶XÃ''(19: 22þ26). {]IrXn]camb ImcW§fm kv{XoIÄ {]hmNIcmbn \ntbmKnXcmbn«nsænepw {]hmNI·mÀs¡¶t]mse AhÀ¡pw Znhyt_m[\w e`n¨ncp¶Xmbn Cu thZhmIy§Ä hyàam¡p¶p.

an{ihnhmls¯ F´psImsWvSXnÀ¡p¶p? ""Ckvemw an{ihnhmls¯ A\pIqen¡m¯sX´psImWvSv? CXv XnIª k¦pNnXXzhpw AklnjvWpXbpatÃ?'' kaql¯nsâ ASnØm\ LSIamWv IpSpw_w. AXv cq]s¸Sp¶Xv hnhml¯neqsSbmWv. IpSpw_¯nsâ `{ZXbv¡v Zm¼Xys¸mcp¯w A\nhmcyas{X. AXpWvSmhWsa¦n Z¼XnIsf Iq«nbnW¡p¶ I®n kvt\lhpw ImcpWyhpambncn¡Ww. JpÀB³ C¡mcyw C§s\ hyàam¡p¶p: ""Ah³ \n§Ä¡p \n§fnÂ\n¶pXs¶ CWIsf krjvSn¨pX¶Xpw þ AhcpsS km¶n[y¯n \n§Ä¡v im´n e`n¡m\mbnþ \n§Ä¡nSbn kvt\lhpw ImcpWyhpw DWvSm¡n¯¶Xpw AÃmlphnsâ ZrjvSm´§fn s]«XmWv. \nÝbw, Nn´n¡p¶ P\¯n\v CXn \nch[n ZrjvSm´§fpWvSv''(JpÀB³ 30: 21). kvt\l_Ôw kpZrVamhWsa¦n BZÀssiIyw A\nhmcyamWv. Hcp IayqWnÌpImc\v tIm¬{KÊpImc\mb ktlmZct\¡mÄ ASp¸hpw Dä Bß_ÔhpapWvSmhpI Xsâ IayqWnÌpImc\mb kplr¯nt\mSmbncn¡pw. tIm¬{KÊpImcsâbpw _n.sP.]n.¡mcsâbpsams¡ ØnXnbpw CXpXs¶. IehdbnÃmsX clky§Ä ssIamdm\pw IcpXnhbv]nÃmsX BßmÀYhpw Dujvafhpamb kvt\l_Ôw Øm]n¡m\pw BZÀis¸mcp¯w IqSntb Xocq. KWnXimkv{X¯n H¶pw H¶pw tNÀ¶m cWvSmWtÃm. F¶m Ckvemw hn`mh\ sN¿p¶ Zm¼XytemI¯v AXv "C½nWn henb H¶m'Wv. JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""kv{XoIÄ ]pcpj·mÀ¡v hkv{XamIp¶p. ]pcpj·mÀ kv{XoIÄ¡pw hkv{XamIp¶p.''(2: 187) ""\n§Ä ]ckv]cw CgpIn¡gnªhcs{X.''(4: 21) cWvSv {]hml§Ä tNÀ¶v H¶mbn amdp¶t]mse cWvSmÄ tNÀ¶v H¶mbn amdn Iq«mbn Pohn¡p¶ AXnal¯chpw A\nÀhN\obhpamb H¶mWtÃm Zm¼Xyw. hnizmk, ho£W, BNmc, Bcm[\m\pjvTm\§fn sshhn[yhpw sshcp[yhpapÅhÀ tNÀ¶pWvSmhp¶ Zm¼Xyw `{Ztam Dujvaftam BhpIbnÃ. AkpJIcamb AhØbv¡pw A\mtcmKyIcamb ]cnWXn¡pamWv AXv hgnhbv¡pI. Xm³ kzoIcn¨wKoIcn¨ BZÀiamWv Cl]c hnPb¯nsâ amÀKsa¶pw ]caamb kXysa¶pw hnizkn¡p¶ kXykÔXbpw BßmÀYXbpapÅ GsXmcmfpw Xsâ a¡fpw ]n³apd¡mcpw AXnsâ hàm¡fpw {]tbmàm¡fpamIWsa¶v B{Kln¡pI A\nhmcyas{X. kz´¡mcpw k´m\§fpw Xs¶t¸mse BhWsa¦n PohnX ]¦mfnbpw AtX BZÀi hnizmks¯ {]Xn\n[oIcn¡p¶hcmIWw. AXn\m Zm¼Xy `{ZXbv¡pw IpSpw_¯nsâ

sI«pd¸n\pw ]n³apd¡mcpsS BZÀi {]Xn_²Xbv¡pw CWIÄ¡nSbnse BZÀssiIyw A\nhmcyamWv. an{ihnhml¯n AXpWvSmhnsöXv kphnZnXamWtÃm. Ckvemw AXns\ AwKoIcn¡mXncn¡m\pÅ ImcWhpw AXpXs¶.

Ckvemanse in£m\nba§Ä Nne IpäIrXy§Ä¡v Ckvemw \nÝbn¨ in£mk{¼Zmb§Ä {Iqchpw a\pjyXzclnXhpamsW¶ Btcm]Ws¯¡pdn¨v ? k¼qÀWhpw ka{Khpamb Hcp {]Xybimkv{Xsa¶ {]tXyIX Ckvemans\ CXc aX§fnÂ\n¶v thÀXncn¨p\nÀ¯p¶p. hnizmk{]amW§fpw Bcm[\mIÀa§fpw {]mÀY\Ifpw am{XaÃ, cmjv{Sobþkm¼¯nIþkmaqlnI hyhØIÄIqSn AXpÄs¡mÅp¶p. Cu hyhØIfpsS `mKamWv Ckveman knhnÂþ{Inan\ \nba§Ä. Ckvemansâ asäÃm X¯z§Ä¡pw imk\IÄ¡pw imizXnIXzapÅt]mse, knhnÂþ{Inan\ \nba§fpw GsX¦nepw ImeL«¯n ]cnanXaÃ. temIm´ywhsc, temIs¯hnsS CkvemanI `cWIqSw \nehnÂh¶mepw AXv CkvemanI\nba§Ä \S¸m¡m³ _m[yØamWv. Cu \nba§sf¡pdn¨mWv CkvemanI icoA¯v F¶p]dbp¶Xv. hnhmlw, hnhmltamN\w, A\´cmhImiw, hym]mcw, ISanS]mSpIÄ, Zm\w, Hkn¿¯v, `£Ww, hkv{X[mcWw, bp²w, kÔn, IpäIrXy§Ä¡pÅ in£IÄ BZnbmb FÃm Imcy§sfbpw _m[n¡p¶hbmWv icoA¯v \nba§Ä. {]hmNIsâbpw Jeo^amcpsSbpw ImeL«§fn Cu \nba§Ä ]qÀWambn {]tbmKh¡cn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. B[p\nI bpK¯n Cdm\nse hn¹hKh¬saâv, PAv^co IÀaimkv{Xho£W¯neqsS CkvemanI \nba§Ä \S¸m¡psa¶p {]Jym]n¨n«pWvSv. kpDuZnAtd_y, \nba\nÀamW¯n¶SnØm\w JpÀB\pw kp¶¯pambncn¡psa¶v hyhØ sNbvXncn¡p¶p. A{]Imcw hyhØsNbvX apkvenw cmPy§Ä thtdbpapWvSv. F¦nepw ]qÀWhpw bYmÀYhpamb cq]¯n CkvemanI `cWIqSw Hcp cmPy¯pw \nehnenÃ. icoA¯v \nba§Ä `mKnIambn, Hcp skIypeÀ cmjv{Samb C´ybnÂt¸mepw \nehnepWvSvXm\pw. Cu \nba§fnÂ, Nne IpäIrXy§Ä¡v Ckvemw \nÝbn¨ in£mk{¼Zmb§sf i{Xp¡Ä cq£ambn hnaÀin¡mdpWvSv. Ah {Iqchpw a\pjyXzclnXhpamsW¶mWv Btcm]Ww. ]mivNmXycpw HmdnbâenÌpIfpw XpS§nsh¨ {]NmcWw Ct¸mÄ aXhntcm[nIÄ GsäSp¯ncn¡p¶p. sIme]mXIw, sImÅ, cmPyt{Zmlw, aX]cnXymKw, hy`nNmcw, hy`nNmcmtcm]Ww, tamjWw, aZy]m\w F¶o Ipä§Ä¡pÅ in£Itf Ckvemw hyàambn \nÀWbn¨n«pÅq. aäp IpäIrXy§fpsS in£IÄ Kh¬saâpIfpsSbpw tImSXnIfpsSbpw hnthN\¯n\v hn«ncn¡pIbmWv. Ckvemansâ imizX in£m\nba§fpsS {]kànbpw \ym¿Xbpw ]T\hnt[bam¡pt¼mÄ AhbpsS ]ivNm¯ew IqSn ap¼nepWvSmbncnt¡WvSXv A\pt]£yamWv. a\pjysâ [mÀanI kwkvIcW¯n Du¶p¶ BZÀiamWv Ckvemw. {]hmNIsâ \ntbmKat\mt±iywXs¶ tIheamb amÀKZÀi\tam hnÚm\w ]IÀ¶psImSp¡tem AÃ; kwkvIcWw IqSnbmsW¶v JpÀB³ hyàam¡p¶p: ""\nc£c·mcnte¡v, AhcnÂs¸« Hcp {]hmNIs\ \ntbmKn¨h\mWv AÃmlp. At±lw Ahsc AÃmlphnsâ kqà§Ä HmXnt¡Ä¸n¡pIbpw kwkvIcn¡pIbpw AhÀ¡v {KÙhpw Úm\hpw ]Tn¸n¨psImSp¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. AXn\v ap¼h³ XoÀ¨bmbpw {]ISamb ZpÀamÀK¯nembncp¶p.'' (62: 2) a\pjya\ÊmWv kwkvIcW¯nsâ auenI _nµp F¶XpsImWvSv am\knI kwkvIcW¯n\v JpÀB³ kÀhYm {]m[m\yw IÂ]n¨ncn¡p¶p. ""a\Êns\ kwkvIcn¨h³ hnPbn¨p; AXns\ Nhn«n¯mgv¯nbh³ ]cmPbs¸«p.'' (91 : 9þ10)

IeÀ¸nÃm¯ GIssZhhnizmk¯neqsS AÔhnizmk§fn \n¶pw, ssZh`ànbneqsS A[ahnImc§fnÂ\n¶pw a\Êns\ kwkvIcn¡m³ ]Tn¸n¨ JpÀB³ {]mÀY\Ifpw Bcm[\mIÀa§fpw GÀs¸Sp¯nbXpt]mepw Xn·IfnÂ\n¶v a\pjys\ apà\m¡m³ thWvSnbmWv. ""\akvImcw t¾Ñhr¯nIfnÂ\n¶pw ZpjvIrXy§fnÂ\n¶pw XSbp¶p.'' (29 : 45) ""Ahsc ip²oIcn¡pbpw kwkvIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ Zm\w AhcpsS k¼¯p¡fnÂ\n¶p hm§pI.'' (9 : 103) ""]m]§fnÂ\n¶pw amen\y§fnÂ\n¶pw apàambn Bsc¦nepw lÖvIÀaw \nÀhln¨mÂ, Xsâ amXmhv {]khn¨ Znhk¯nse¶t]mse If¦clnX\mbncn¡pw AbmÄ.'' (\_nhN\w) DXvIrjvSamb [mÀanI kwkvIcWamWv CkvemanI kmaqlnI {Ia¯nsâ ASn¯dsb¦nepw, kztXbpÅ ZuÀ_ey§fm a\pjy³ sXäpIfnte¡pw Ipä§fnte¡pw hgpXnt¸mhm\pÅ km[yX AXv XnI¨pw IW¡nseSp¯ncn¡p¶p. hninjym, kmlNcy§fpsS k½À±tam {]tem`\tam {]tIm]\tam \nan¯w a\pjy³ IpäwsN¿pI kzm`mhnIamsW¶mWv Ckvemansâ ImgvN¸mSv. AXn\m hyànkwkvIcW¯n\v ]camh[n {]m[m\yw \ÂIp¶tXmsSm¸wXs¶, IpäIrXy§Ä¡v t{]cW \ÂIp¶ ]cnXxØnXnIfnÃmXm¡m\pw Ckvemw ^e{]Zamb amÀK§Ä kzoIcn¨n«pWvSv. DZmlcWambn, sIme]mXI¡pä¯n\v a\pjys\ t{]cn¸n¡p¶ ]ckv]c hntZzjw, ]I, Akqb, InwhZ´nIÄ {]Ncn¸n¡Â, hnizmkh©\, A`nam\£Xw XpS§nb ZpÀKpW§sfbpw Zmcn{Zys¯bpw ZqcoIcn¡m\pw ]ckv]c kvt\lhpw kulmÀ±hpw klnjvWpXbpw hfÀ¯nsbSp¡m\pw Ckvemw km[yambsXÃmw sNbvXn«pWvSv. a\pjyPoh\v AXpeyamb hnebmWv Ckvemw IÂ]n¨n«pÅXv. ""sImebv¡v ]Icamtbm `qanbn Ipg¸apWvSm¡nbXnsâ t]cntem AÃmsX, Bsc¦nepw hà Bßmhns\bpw sImesNbvXmÂ, Ah³ a\pjykapZmbs¯ apgph³ sIme sNbvXXn\p Xpeyambn. {]XypX Hcp a\pjymßmhns\ hÃh\pw Pohn¡m\\phZn¨m Ah³ a\pjyIpÃs¯ apgph³ Pohn¡m³ A\phZn¨Xn\p Xpeyambn.'' (JpÀB³ 5 : 32) ssItbä§Ä¡v Gähpw IqSpX CcbmhpI kv{XoIsft¸mepÅ ZpÀ_e hn`mK§fmbXpsImWvSv, Hcn¡epw Hcp kv{Xo `À¯mhnsâtbm _Ôp¡fpsStbm H¸w kpc£nXXzw Dd¸phcp¯nbmeÃmsX, bm{X sN¿cpsX¶v Ckvemw IÂ]n¨p. F{XXs¶ kwkvIcW \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¨mepw \clXy¡v [rjvScmhp¶hÀ kaql¯nepWvSmhmsa¶XpsImWvSv A¯c¡mcnÂ\n¶p kaql¯n\v kpc£nXXzw e`n¡Wsa¶XmWv Ckvemansâ hyàamb ImgvN¸mSv. sImebv¡p ]Icw sIme F¶ \nba¯nsâ {]kànbpw AXpXs¶. ""_p²nam·mtc, sImebv¡p ]Icw sIme \S¸m¡p¶Xn \n§Ä¡v PohnXapWvSv.'' (2 : 179) F¶ JpÀBsâ DZvt_m[\w F´pam{Xw AÀYKÀ`amsW¶v A\p`hw sXfnbn¡p¶p. F¦nÂt¸mepw h[n¡¸«h\sâ A\´cmhIminIÄ¡p thWsa¦n sIme]mXInsb \jvS]cnlmcw hm§n hn«b¡m\pÅ A[nImcw, Ckvemansâ in£m \nba¯nsâ Gähpw am\pjnIamb khntijXbmWv. CXpt]mse, ap¼pw ]n¼pw t\m¡msX hy`nNmcs¯ IpäIcam¡pIbpw hy`nNmcnsb I®pw ]q«n FdnªpsImÃm³ IÂ]n¡pbpaÃv Ckvemw sNbvXXv. hnhmls¯ Gähpw efnXamb NS§mbn amäpIbpw hnhml¯n\p iàamb t{]mÕml\hpw t{]cWbpw \ÂIpIbpw sNbvX aXamWv Ckvemw. Hcp hnhmlw sImWvSv ssewKnI kwXr]vXn e`n¡m¯hÀ¡v, kmlNcy§Ä A\pIqeamsW¦n H¶ne[nIw hnhml§Ä \S¯m³ hsc AXv A\paXn \ÂInbn«pWvSv. F¶mepw a\pjy³ hgnsXäm\pÅ km[yX Ckvemw bmYmÀYyambn AwKoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p. AXpsImWvSv,

\nÀ_m[amb kv{Xoþ]pcpj k¼À¡s¯ AXpXSbpIbpw kv{XoIÄ ]pcpjlrZb§sf C¡nfns¸Sp¯p¶ coXnbn s]mXphoYnIfn Naªp \S¡p¶Xns\ IÀi\ambn \tcm[n¡pIbpw AÇoeXbpsS \m\mhn[ cq]§sf \ntÈjw D·qe\w sN¿pIbpw arZpehnImc§fpWÀ¯p¶ kwKoXs¯t¸mepw \nb{´n¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡bmWv. kv{XokzmX{´y¯nsâtbm ""]cnjvIrXbpK''¯nsâtbm hàm¡Ä F´p]dªmepw icn, _mse apX Im_sd hscbpÅ \r¯§Ä¡pw, kuµcyaÕcw apX Npw_\aÕcwhscbpÅ B`mk§Ä¡pw CkvemanI kaql¯n Øm\anÃ. AhnsS tamUepIfpw ImÄtKfpIfpw skIvkvt_mw_pIfpw DWvSmhnÃ. kz´w icochpw kuµcyhpw hnÂ]\¨c¡söp hnizkn¡p¶ ]Xn{hXIfmb IpSpw_n\nItf DWvSmhq. CsXÃmambn«pw \memÄ Im¬sI AhnlnX thgvNbnteÀs¸Sp¶ AhnhmlnXcpsWvS¦n \mev ZrIvkm£nIfpsS samgnIsf B[mcam¡n CkvemanI tImSXn Ahsc ]ckyambn ASn¡pw; H¶Ã, \qdv. Ahsc acym ]Tn¸n¡m³ am{XaÃ, acymZ IfªpIpfn¡m³ ]qXnbpÅhÀ¡v ]mTambncn¡m³ IqSn. IpähmfnIÄ hnhmlnXcmsW¦nÂ, tImSXn Ahsc FdnªpsImÃpw. ssewKnI hnImcw ian¸n¡m³ hnlnXamÀK§Ä DWvSmbncns¡ ]hn{Xamb IpSpw__Ô§fpsS `{Zamb ASn¡ÃpIÄ Cf¡m³ Cd§n¸pds¸Sp¶hÀ ItÃdv sImWvSv NmhWsa¶mWv Ckvemansâ hn[n. k¼¯v a\pjyÀ¡nSbnse [\nI·mcn am{Xw Idt§WvSXsöpw kaql¯nse FÃm hn`mK§Ä¡pw AXv {]tbmP\s¸tSWvSXmsW¶pw IcpXp¶ Ckvemw, ImÀjnI hn`h§tfm, \mWyhnfItfm, hym]m¨c¡pItfm, I¶pImenItfm, ]Wtam F´mhs«, AhbpsS Hcp \nivNnX hnlnXw hÀjwtXmdpw ]mh§Ä¡pw EW_m[nXÀ¡pw aäp Bhiy¡mÀ¡pw AhImis¸«XmsW¶v hn[n¨ncn¡p¶p. CXv ""N¡m¯Ã'', kÀ¡mÀ \nÀ_Ô]qÀhw ]nSns¨Sp¯p hnXcWw sN¿p¶ kIm¯mWv. kIm¯v sImWvSpam{Xw kaql¯nse A[xØnXcpsS {]iv\§Ä ]cnlcn¡s¸Sp¶nsæn k¼¶cnÂ\n¶v Bhiyamb XpI kamlcn¡m³ `cWIqS¯n\v Ckvemw A\phmZw \ÂInbncn¡p¶p. ""XoÀ¨bmbpw k¼¯n kIm¯n\v ]pdtabpw AhImi§fpWvSv'' F¶v {]hmNI³ NqWvSn¡mWn¨Xv AXn¶pÅ amÀKtcJbmWv. ssZh{]oXnbpw ]ctemItam£hpw Imw£n¨p hnizknIÄ kzta[bm \ÂIp¶ Zm\[À½§Ä Chbvs¡Ãmw ]pdtabmWv. ""Ab¡mc³ ]«nWnInS¡pt¼mÄ hbÀ \nd¨p®p¶h³ \½nÂs¸«h\Ã'' F¶pw, ""Cu¯¸g¯nsâ IodpsImsWvS¦nepw \cIin£sb XSp¡pI'' F¶pw {]hmNI³ ]Tn¸n¨Xnsâ ssNX\yw DÄs¡mWvShcmWhÀ. AXpsImWvSmbncp¶p, CkvemanI km¼¯nI{Iaw bYmhn[n {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯nbncp¶ amXrImImeL«§fn Zm\[Àa§Ä hm§m³ BfpIfnÃmsX t]mbXv. Cu \S]SnIÄsImsWvSm¶pw ]«nWn ]cnlcn¡s¸Sm¯ hÃh\pw kaql¯nepsWvS¦n AbmfpsS kwc£W¨paXe Øncambn CkvemanI tÌäv GsäSp¡p¶p. AtXmsS, Blmc¯n\pw hkv{X¯n\pw ]mÀ¸nS¯n\pw thWvSn Bcpw tamjWtam sImÅtbm thiymhr¯ntbm Ahew_nt¡WvSn hcnÃ. F¶n«pw P\§fpsS sskzcyPohnX¯n\v `ojWnbpbÀ¯p¶ tamjvSm¡fpsWvS¦n Ahsc \nÀZm£nWyw in£nt¡WvSXpsWvS¶pw A¯c¡mcnÂ\n¶p kaql¯n\v tamN\w e`nt¡WvSXmsW¶pwXs¶bmWv Ckvemansâ ho£Ww. tamjvSm¡fpsS Icw tOZn¨pIfbWsa¶p \nÀtZin¨Xv Cu ]cnXxØnXnIfnemWv. AÃmsX sXmgnenÃmbvabpw Zmcn{Zyhpw km¼¯nImkaXz§fpw \SamSp¶ Hcp kaql¯nÂ, IpähmfnIsf krjvSn¡m\pw hfÀ¯m\papXIp¶ FÃm kmlNcy§fpw H¯nW§nbncns¡, tamjvSn¨hs\ ]nSnIqSn ssIapdn¨pIfbm³ am{Xw {Iqcaà Ckvemansâ \nbakwlnX. IÅs\ sImWvSp h¶t¸mÄ, cmPy¯v £maw ]SÀ¶p]nSn¨ Imeambncp¶psh¶ ImcW¯mÂ, AbmÄ ]«nWnaqew tamjW¯n\p \nÀ_ÔnX\mbXmsW¶ kXyw IW¡nseSp¯v Abmsf shdpsX hn« Jeo^m Dadnsâ amXrIbmWv Ckvemansâ ]mc¼cyw. IctOZw hn[n¡s¸Sp¶ tamjW¡pä¯nÂ, tIhew X«n¸dntbm hnizmkh©\tbm DÄs¸Sp¶nà F¶pIqSn Cubhkc¯n kvacnt¡WvSXpWvSv. aZy]m\¯nsâ t\tcbpw Ckvemansâ kao]\w hyXykvXaÃ. elcn]ZmÀY§fpsS Zqjy§sf¡pdn¨p P\§sf \nc´cw t_m[hm·mcm¡pIbpw aZy¯nsâ DXv]mZ\hpw hnXcWhpw hnÂ]\bpw \ntÈjw \ntcm[n¡pIbpw sNbvX tijamWv

Ckvemw aZy]m\nsb in£n¡m³ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶Xv. HcnkvemanI tÌän aZy¯nsâ DXv]mZ\hpw hnXcWhpw \ntcm[n¡s¸Sp¶Xn\p ]pdta, aZyw hmäm\msW¶ kwibapsWvS¦n AXn¶p]tbmKn¡p¶ km[\§fpsS t]mepw hnÂ]\ \nb{´n¡s¸Sp¶XmWv. F¶n«pw, amäm\mhm¯ ZpÈoeambn¯oÀ¶hcpsWvS¦n AhÀ¡v CkvemanI tImSXn \mÂ]XSn hn[n¡pw. aZy]m\nIÄ IpSpw_¯nepw kaql¯nepapWvSm¡n¯oÀ¡p¶ hn\Ifpamb XmcXayw sN¿pt¼mÄ \mev]XSn H«pw {Iqctam A[nItam AsömWv ssZ\wZn\m\p`h§Ä sXfbn¡p¶Xv.

apl½Zv \_nbpw hn{Kl [zwk\hpw hn{Kl [zwk\w ""C´ybnse lnµp¡sft¸mse¯s¶ a¡bnse Ad_nIfpw hn{Klmcm[Icmbncp¶p. IAv_ \nch[n hn{Kl§Ä {]XnjvTn¡s¸« ]pcmX\ t£{Xhpambncp¶p. apl½Zn\v cmjv{Sobm[nImcw e`n¨t¸mÄ _e{]tbmK¯neqsS hn{Kl§Ä \in¸n¡pIbmWpWvSmbXv. CXns\¡pdn¨v F´p ]dbp¶p?'' temI¯v Hcp aXhpw _lpssZh k¦Â]w AwKoIcn¡pItbm hn{Klmcm[\ A\pimkn¡pItbm sN¿p¶nÃ. lnµpaX¯nsâ ØnXnbpw `n¶aÃ. lnµp¡Ä BZyIme¯v hn{Klmcm[Icmbncp¶nÃ. AXv ]n¶oSv IS¶pIqSnb AXymNmcamWv. {]apJcmb thZ]ÞnX·mcpw sslµh \thm°mcI·mcpw C¡mcyw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. {io. Zbm\µ kckzXnbpsS CXpkw_Ôamb ho£Ww sI. tKmIpem\µ³ C§s\ hniZoIcn¡p¶p: ""Cuizc\nÂ\n¶pw `n¶amb ]ZmÀY§sf ]qPn¡p¶Xnsâ ^ew ZpxJambncn¡pw. Cuizc\v ]e t]cpIfpWvSv. F¶m AhsbÃmw Htc iànbpsS ]cymb§fmWv. Cuizc³ kÀhhym]nbpw kzbw`qhpw A\mZnbpw A\´\pamWv. "AP GI ]mXv'(bPpÀ 34þ53), "k]cyKmbv Oy{iaImbva'(bPpÀ 40þ8) F¶o bPpÀthZ hN\§fnÂ\n¶pw Cuizc³ P·w sImÅp¶nsöv hyàamsW¶v Zbm\µ³ NqWvSn¡m«n. AXn\m AhXmcsa¶ k¦Â]hpw AXns\ ASnØm\am¡ns¡mWvSv sshjvWhÀ {]Ncn¸n¡p¶ AhXmcIYIfpw sI«n¨a¨hbmWv. AXn\mÂXs¶ KoX 4þ7se bZm bZm ln [Àaky ¥m\nÀ`hXn `mcX! A`yp°m\a[Àaky XZmßm\w krPmaylw F¶ hN\hpw kzoImcyambXÃ. F®aä KpWIÀa kz`mh§tfmSpIqSnb Cuizc\v IwkcmhWmZnIsf sImÃphm\mbn AhXmcsaSpt¡WvSXmb BhiyanÃ. Cuizc³ \nÊmc\mb Hcp hyànsb sImÃphm\mbn P\\acW§Ä kzoIcn¡psa¶v hnizkn¡p¶h³ hnUvVn am{Xambncn¡pw. "amXm]nXm¡Ä, BNmcy³, AXnYn F¶nhsc ip{iqjn¡emWv tZh]qPþ AÃmsX inemiIe§sf ]qPn¡eÃ.' ""alm`mcX¯nse 4400 tÇmI§fmWv hymk³ cNn¨Xv. injy·mÀ 5600 tÇmI§Ä Iq«nt¨À¯p. A§s\ sam¯w ]Xn\mbncw tÇmI§tf bYmÀY alm`mcX¯nepÅq. aäpÅsXÃmw ]e Ime¯mbn ]ecm Iq«nt¨À¡s¸«hbmWv. tPymÕy·mcpw a{´hmZnIfpw aqV·msc h©n¡p¶p. AtNX\ hkvXp¡fmWv tPymXnÀ tKmf§Ä. Ah tIm]n¡pItbm ZpxJn¡pItbm CÃ. {Klw, \£{Xw, PmXIw, cmin, aplqÀ¯w apXembh t\m¡n ^ew ]dbp¶hÀ apgps¡ h©IcmWv. C¯c¡mÀ KWnXs¯bpw tPymXnÈmkv{Xs¯bpw adbm¡n

h©\IÄ \S¯pIbmWv. amcWw, taml\w, D¨mS\w, hioIcWw apXemb a{´hmZ IÀa§fn hnizkn¡p¶hcpw hnUvVnIfmWv... ""bPpÀthZw 32þ3 A\pkcn¨v {]]© {]Xn`mk¯n\v Hcp {]Xnabpw krjvSn¡m³ km[yaÃ. sshZnIÀ _nw_mcm[Icmbncp¶nÃ. ssP\aX¡mÀ AhcpsS XoÀY¦c·mcpsS _nw_§Ä \nÀan¨p. AXns\ A\pIcn¨psImWvSmWv `mcX¯n _nw_mcm[\ cq]saSp¯Xv. _nw_mcm[\bneqsS B{Kl§Ä t\Smsa¶pw Cuizc³ A\p{Kln¡psa¶pw hnizkn¡p¶hÀ bYm kabw icnbmb {]hÀ¯\§Ä \S¯msX kabw IfbpIbpw k¼¯v \jvSs¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p. t£{X§fnse ]qPmcnIfpw ]mÞIfpw `à·msc h©n¨v ]Ww X«nsbSp¡p¶p. ""AtNX\inesb ]qPn¡p¶XneqsS a\Ênsâ iàn ]mgmbnt¸mIp¶p. a\Êv inemcq]ambn kzX{´ambn Nn´n¡m³ IgnhnÃmXmbn¯ocp¶p.''(tKmIpem\µ³. sI.þ "B[p\nI C´ym Ncn{Xw' P\d FUnäÀ: tUm. kn. hniz\mY³ \mbÀ. bq\nthgvknän _pIvkv ]»nt¡j³kv, Imen¡äv. ]pdw 58). a¡bnse Ad_nIfpw BZyIme¯v hn{Kl]qPIcmbncp¶nÃ. P\iq\yhpw Peiq\yhpw ^eiq\yhpambncp¶ AhnsS a\pjyhmkamcw`n¨Xv C_vdmlow \_nbpsSbpw IpSpw_¯nsâbpw BKa\t¯msSbmWv. AhÀ XnIª GIssZhmcm[Icpw _nw_mcm[\sb iàambn FXnÀ¯hcpambncp¶psh¶Xv kpk½Xhpw kphnZnXhpamWtÃm. C_vdmlow \_nbpw aI³ CkvamCu \_nbpw tNÀ¶mWv C¶pÅ hnip² IAv_ \nÀan¨Xv. GIssZhmcm[\¡mbmWv AhcXv ]WnXXv. F¶Ã; GIssZhmcm[\¡mbn `qanbn BZyambn \nÀan¡s¸« `h\amWXv. ""\nÊwibw, a\pjyÀ¡mbn \nÀan¡s¸« {]Ya tZhmebw a¡bn ØnXn sN¿p¶Xp Xs¶bmWv. AXv A\pKrloXhpw temIÀ¡mIam\w amÀKZÀi\ tI{µhpambn \nÀan¡s¸«Xpas{X.''(JpÀB³ 3: 96). hnip² IAv_bn BZyambn hn{Klw {]XnjvTn¨Xv JpkmAx tKm{X¯eh\mb Awdp_v\p epA¿mWv. apB_v {]tZi¯p\n¶v sImWvSph¶ lp_v hn{Kls¯bmWv AbmÄ Øm]n¨Xv. Ckzm^nsâbpw \mCebpsSbpw hn{Kl§fpw IAv_bn {]XnjvTn¡s¸«ncp¶p. C§s\bmWv GIssZhmcm[\¡mbn Øm]n¡s¸« IAv_ hn{Klmebambn amdnbXv. \_nXncpta\nbpsS \ntbmK L«¯n AhnsS ap¶qdntesd hn{Kl§fpWvSmbncp¶p. {]hmNIXz e_v[n¡ptijw apl½Zv \_n \oWvS ]Xnaq¶p hÀjw AhnsS Pohn¨p. _lpssZhmcm[\s¡Xnsc Xsâ P\Xsb iàambn t_m[h¡cn¨ncp¶ {]hmNI³ Xsâ ]qÀh ]nXmhmb C_vdmlow\_n GIssZhmcm[\¡mbn \nÀan¨ aµnc¯n Øm]n¡s¸«ncp¶ hn{Kl§sf H¶pw sNbvXnÃ. ]n¶oSv AhnSw CkvemanIm[n]Xy¯nemhpIbpw Xt±iobscÃmw k·mÀKw kzoIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. AtXmsS AhnsS hn{Kl§sf Bcm[n¡p¶ BcpanÃmXmbn. {]hmNIs\Xnsc AWn\nc¶v hn{Klmcm[\bv¡pw CXc A\mNmc§Ä¡pambn \nesImWvSncp¶ t\Xm¡Ät]mepw \_nXncpta\nbpsS Dä A\pbmbnIfmbn amdn. At¸mÄ am{XamWv {]hmNI³ hnip² IAv_sb hn{Kl§Ä \o¡wsNbvXv ip²oIcn¨Xv. hn{Klmcm[\bv¡mbn hotdmsS hmZn¡pIbpw {]hmNIs\Xnsc t]mÀ¡f¯n ]Stbm«¯n\v t\XrXzw \ÂIpIbpw sNbvX A_qkp^vbm\mWv Xsâ a\w amä¯n\p tijw "a\mX' F¶ hn{Kls¯ X¨pS¨v IAv_bnÂ\n¶v \o¡w sNbvXXv. \_nXncpta\ns¡Xnsc \nch[n XhW Bbp[aWnª JmenZp_v\p heoZmWv "DÊm' hn{Kls¯ Xqs¯dnªXv. A§s\ a¡bnse hn{Klmcm[Icmbncp¶hÀ Xs¶bmWv BZÀiamäs¯ XpSÀ¶v X§Ä Bcm[n¨ncp¶ hn{Kl§sf \o¡w sNbvXv IAv_sb ]qÀhmhØbnem¡nbXv. hn{Kl§Ä DWvSmbncp¶t¸mÄ hnip² IAv_bpsS Xmt¡m kq£n¨ncp¶ AtX Dkvam\p_v\p XzÂl Xs¶bmWv Ah FSp¯p amänbtijhpw AXnsâ Xmt¡m kq£n¸pImc\mbsX¶ Imcyw {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyas{X. X§fpsS Bcm[yhkvXp¡Ä DWvSmbncp¶t¸mÄ IAv_bpsS kwc£W¯n\p t\XrXzw \ÂInbhÀ Xs¶ Ahsbms¡ \in¸n¡s¸« tijhpw AtX kwc£Ww

XpScWsa¦n AXn\nSbn \S¶ a\w amähpw BZÀihnizmk ]cnhÀ¯\hpw F{X iàhpw AKm[hpambncn¡psa¶v BÀ¡pw Duln¡mhp¶tXbpÅq. BZÀihn¹h¯neqsS a¡m\nhmknIfpsS a\ÊpIfnse hn{Kl§Ä \in¸n¨ tijw \_nXncpta\n Ahscs¡mWvSpXs¶bmWv Bcm[IcmcpanÃmXmbn amdnb hn{Kl§sf FSp¯pamänbXv. Ckvemw GIssZhmcm[\ IWniambn \njvIÀjn¡pIbpw hn{Klmcm[\sb iàambn hne¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. F¶m hn{Kl§sftbm aäv Bcm[y hkvXp¡sftbm Bt£]n¡mt\m Ahtlfn¡mt\m \in¸n¡mt\m AXv Hcn¡epw A\phZn¡p¶nÃ. ""P\w AÃmlphns\ IqSmsX hnfn¨p {]mÀYn¨psImWvSncn¡p¶hsc \n§Ä Bt£]n¡cpXv''(JpÀB³ 6:108). hnizmk, Bcm[\mImcy§fn Hcp hn[ k½ÀZhpw _e{]tbmKhpw AcpXm¯XmWv. Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw CjvSapÅ hgn sXcsªSp¡mw. kXyhpw AkXyhpw icnbpw sXäpw thÀXncn¨p ImWn¨psImSpt¡WvS _m[yX am{Xta hnizmknIÄ¡pÅq. ""]dbpI: CXv \n§fpsS \mY\nÂ\n¶pÅ kXyamWv. CjvSapÅhÀ¡nXv kzoIcn¡mw. CjvSapÅhÀ¡v \ntj[n¡mw''(JpÀB³ 18: 29). ""aXImcy¯n Hcphn[ _e{]tbmKhpanÃ. k·mÀKw ZpÀamÀK¯n \n¶v thÀXncnªv hyàambn¡gnªncn¡p¶p. C\n BÀ ssZthXciànIsf \ntj[n¨v AÃmlphn hnizkn¡p¶pthm Ah³ _enjvTamb Hchew_ ]mi¯n apdpsI¸nSn¨ncn¡p¶p. AsXmcn¡epw Aäpt]mIp¶XÃ. AÃmlp FÃmw tIÄ¡p¶h\pw Adnbp¶h\pas{X''(2: 256).

Ckvemapw A`uXnI Úm\hpw ""temI¯v BÀ¡pw Xsâ `mhnsb kw_Ôn¨v H¶pw AdnbpIbnsöv Xm¦Ä BapJ `mjW¯n ]dªp. F¶m P\\kabs¯ \£{XLS\bpsS ASnØm\¯n PmXI^ew {]hNn¡mdpWvStÃm. {]apJ tPymXnjnamcpsS {]hN\§Ä ]et¸mgpw bmYmÀYyamhmdpWvSv. CXns\¡pdn¨v F´p ]dbp¶p?'' \½psS P\\¯obXnbpw cmhpw cminbpw \£{Xhpsams¡ AdnbpIbmsW¦n `mhnbnse´p kw`hn¡psa¶v a\Ênem¡msa¶ [mcW kaql¯n hfsc hym]Iambn \ne\n¡p¶pWvSv. \½psS \m«n Zn\w{]Xn ]Xn\mbnc¡W¡n\pw e£¡W¡n\pw {]XnIÄ hnägn¡s¸Sp¶ ]{X§Ä ]eXpw "Cu BgvN \aps¡´v kw`hn¡p'sa¶v ]Xnhmbn \t½mSv ]dªpXcmdpWvStÃm. Hmtcm hmcm´y¯nepw hcpwhmc¯n h¶p`hnt¨¡mhp¶ kw`h§sf kw_Ôn¨ hnhcw e`n¡pIbmsW¦n AXv AXnal¯mb t\«w Xs¶. A\mhiyamb Bi¦Isfmgnhm¡m\pw {]m]n¡m\mhm¯ {]Xo£IÄ h¨p]peÀ¯mXncn¡m\pw IcpXtemsS Imcy§Ä Nn«s¸Sp¯m\pw IgnbpatÃm. F¶m \£{X^e¯nsâ ASnØm\¯n `mhn Adnbm\mÀ¡pw km[yasöXmWv kXyw. \½psS cmPys¯ ap³{][m\a{´nbmb CµncmKmÔn¡v P\\¯obXnbpw cmhpw cminbpw \£{Xhpsams¡ Adnbmambncp¶p. tPymÕy·msc Øncambn ImWmdpapWvSmbncp¶p. F¶n«pw kz´w AwKc£Isâ shSntbäv acn¡psa¶v Ahsc Bcpw Adnbn¨nÃtÃm. cmPohvKmÔnbpsS AhØbpw hyXykvXambncp¶nÃ. Xangv\m«nÂh¨v t_mw_v kvt^mS\¯n acWaSbpsa¶v {]hNn¡m³ HcmÄ¡pw km[n¨nÃ. Bcpw A§s\sbmcp Imcyw At±lt¯mSp ]dªXpanÃ. em¯qcnse ]Xn\mbnc¡W¡n\v BfpIÄ¡v P\\¯obXnbpw aäp hniZmwi§fpadnbmambncp¶p. PmXIw X¿mdm¡p¶ tPymXnjnamÀ t]mepw AhcnepWvSmbncp¶p. F¶n«pw `qI¼s¯¸än BÀ¡pw ap¶dnhpWvSmbnà F¶XmWtÃm hkvXpX. PmXIw t\m¡n `mhn a\Ênem¡mambncps¶¦n C§s\sbm¶pw kw`hn¡pambncp¶nÃ. ]n.sP.Fkv. Knbm\n, ]n.sI. N{IhÀ¯n, PKPnXv D¸Â, cma³X¡mÀ, ameXn knÀkn¡mÀ XpS§nb {]ikvX tPymÕy·mcpsS {]amZamb ]e {]hN\§fpw

]peÀ¶n«nsöXn\v A\p`hw km£nbmWv. H¼Xmw temIvk`m sXcsªSp¸n cmPohvKmÔn A[nImc¯n hcpsa¶v D¸Â {]hNn¨ncp¶psh¦nepw AXv ]peÀ¶nÃ. KÄ^v bp²¯nsâ Hcp Znhkw ap¼v ASps¯m¶pw AXpWvSmhnsöv {]hNn¨ {]ikvX tPymÕy\mWv _P³`dphme. ]t£, ]mfnt¸mb C¯cw {]hN\§sf¸än ]n¶oSv ]ecpw hnkvacn¡mdmWv ]Xnhv. AtXkabw, hÃt¸mgpw H¯phcnItbm hymJym\n¨v H¸n¡pItbm sN¿p¶ {]hN\§sf kw_Ôn¨v hym]Iamb {]NmcWw \S¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p. t`m¸mense hmXIZpc´s¯¡pdnt¨m _w¥mtZinse e£§fpsS acW¯n\nSbm¡nb sImSp¦mäns\ kw_Ônt¨m Zpc´w hmcnhnXdnb Cdm\nse `qI¼s¯¸äntbm ap¶dnhv \ÂIm³ Hcp tPymÕy¶pw \£{X^e¡mc¶pw IW¡pt\m«¡mc¶pw {]hN\¡mc¶pw km[n¨n«nsöXmWv kXyw. AÚX, AÔhnizmkw, `mhn Adnbm\pÅ AZayamb A`nhmRvO CsXms¡ H¯ptNcpt¼mÄ BfpIÄ `mhn ]dªpXcp¶hsc {]Xo£m]qÀhw kao]n¡p¶p. hnZymk¼¶cpw _p²nPohnIfpw imkv{XÚcpw kmwkvImcnI \mbI·mcpw `cWm[nImcnIfpsam¶pw CXnÂ\ns¶mgnhÃ. AXn\mehÀ Nnecn A`uXnIamb AdnhpIÄ Btcm]n¡p¶p. Znhyamb IgnhpIÄ IsWvS¯p¶p. `mhn {]hNn¡m³ {]m]vXsc¶v Ahsc ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶p. F¶m {]]©{kjvSmhmb ssZh¯n\ÃmsX BÀ¡pw A`uXnI Imcy§fdnbpIbnÃ. `mhnbn F´p\S¡psa¶v IsWvS¯m\mhnÃ. Ckvemw C¡mcyw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. AIe¯pÅ A¯nhr£¯n ]gansöv a\Ênem¡m³ km[n¡mXncp¶Xn\m tbip injysc AXnsâ ASpt¯¡v Iq«ns¡mWvSpt]mbn. Xsâ {]nb]Xv\n BCis¡Xnsc A]hmZmtcm]WapWvSmbt¸mÄ AXv A¸msS IÅamsW¶v IsWvS¯m³ apl½Zv \_nXncpta\n¡v IgnªnÃ. ]n¶oSv, Znhyshfn]mSpIfpWvSmbt¸mgmWv hkvXpX hyàambXv. {iocma³, Im«n h¨v P\n¨phfÀ¶ kz´w k´m\§fmb ehIpi·mÀ Xsâ ap¼n h¶v cmaNcnXw sNmÃnbt¸mÄ Ahsc Xncn¨dnªnÃ. {]nb]Xv\n e¦bnembncns¡ At±l¯n\v Aam\pjnI amÀK¯neqsS Ahsc IsWvS¯m³ IgnªnÃ. {]hmNI·mÀ¡pw ]pWy]pcpj·mÀ¡psam¶pwXs¶ A`uXnI Imcy§fdnbnsöpw `mhnbnse´p kw`hn¡psa¶v ap³Iq«n IsWvS¯m\mhnsöpw Cu hkvXpXIÄ kwibmXoXambn hyàam¡p¶p. ImcyImcW _ԧġXoXambn A`uXnI Imcy§Ä ssZh¯n\ÃmsX aämÀ¡pw AdnbnsöXv Ckvemanse Cuizchnizmk¯nsâ ASnØm\as{X. JpÀB³ C¡mcyw Du¶n¸dªn«pWvSv: ""]dbpI: AÃmlp AÃmsX BImi`qanIfnemcpwXs¶ A`uXnI Imcy§fdnbp¶nÃ.''(27: 65) ""\_ntb, ]dbpI: Fsâ hiw ssZh¯nsâ JP\mhpIfpsWvS¶v Rm³ \n§tfmSv ]dbp¶nÃ. Rm³ A`uXnI Imcy§Ä Adnbp¶panÃ.''(6: 50) \½psS Ime¯pw temI¯psa¶t]mse A`uXnI amÀtKW ]pWyhmf·mÀ¡v ZnhyÚm\apsWvS¶ aqV[mcW Ncn{X¯n ]et¸mgpw \ne\n¶ncp¶p. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ FÃm ssZhZqX·mcpw B [mcW Xncp¯m\pw A¯cw AÔhnizmk§Ä¡v AdpXnhcp¯m\pw {ian¨ncp¶p. AXn\m ssZhZqX\mb Xm\pÄs¸sS BÀ¡pw A`uXnIÚm\ansöv AhscÃmw Du¶n¸dªncp¶p. ssZhZqX\mb \qlv Xsâ P\XtbmSv ]dªp: ""AÃmlphnsâ JP\mhpIÄ Fsâ ssIhiapsWvS¶v Rm³ \n§tfmShImis¸Sp¶nÃ. F\n¡v A`uXnIÚm\apsWvS¶pw Rm³ ]dbp¶nÃ.''(11: 31) AXn\m ImcyImcW _ԧġXoXamb A`uXnIÚm\w ssZhZqX·mÀt¡m ]pWy]pcpj·mÀt¡m `Khm·msc¶hImis¸Sp¶hÀt¡m tPymÕy·mÀt¡m IW¡pt\m«¡mÀt¡m aämÀs¡¦neptam CÃ. DsWvS¶v AhImis¸Sp¶Xv XoÀ¯pw hymPamWv. \£{X^ehpw tPymÕy{]hN\hpsaÃmw sXäpw XnIª AÔhnizmkhpas{X.

\£{X^ew hymPhpw sImSnb X«n¸pamsW¶v kzman Zbm\µkckzXn AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. tNmtZym¯c cq]¯n C¡mcyw C§s\ AhXcn¸n¡p¶p: {]iv\w: cmPm¡·mcpw {] PIfpw AS §nb Cu temI¯n NneÀ kpJapÅhcmbpw NneÀ ZpxJa\p`hn¡p¶Xmbpw ImWs¸Sp¶p. AsXÃmw {KlØnXnbpsS ^eatÃ? D¯cw: AsXÃmw ]pWy]m]§fpsS ^eamWv. {]iv\w: tPymXnÈmkv{Xw tIhew IfhmtWm? D¯cw: AÃ. B imkv{X¯ne´À`hn¨ A¦KWnXw, tcJmKWnXw, _oPKWnXw apXemb KWnX`mK§sfÃmw icnbmbn«pÅXmWv. ^e`mKw apgph³ ip²hymPamWv. {]iv\w: P·]{Xw (PmXIw) Xosc \njv^eambn«pÅXmtWm? D¯cw: AsX, AXn\p P·]{Xsa¶Ã, timI]{Xw F¶mWv t]À ]dtbWvSXv. Fs´¶m k´m\w DWvSmIpt¼mÄ kIe P\§Ä¡pw B\µw DWvSmImdpWvSv. F¶m B B\µw k´m\¯nsâ PmXIw FgpXn {Kl§fpsS ^ew ]dªp tIÄ¡p¶Xphsc am{Xta \ne\n¡p¶pÅq. PmXIw FgpXnt¡WvSXmsW¶v tPymÕy³ ]dbpt¼mÄ Ip«nbpsS ANvO\½amÀ tPymÕyt\mSv ""hfsc hntijs¸« PmXIambncn¡Ww FgpXp¶Xv'' F¶p ]dbp¶p. ]dtªÂ]n¨Xv [\nI\msW¦n NpI¶ \nd¯nepw aª\nd¯nepapÅ hcIÄ sImWvSpw Nn{X§ÄsImWvSpw tamSn]nSn¸n¨pw Zcn{Z\msW¦n km[mcW k{¼Zmb¯nepw Hcp PmXIw FgpXnbpWvSm¡n tPymÕy³ AXv hmbn¨p tIĸn¡m³ hcp¶p. At¸mÄ Ip«nbpsS amXm]nXm¡·mÀ tPymÕy\p ap¼nencp¶p tNmZn¡p¶p: ""Chsâ PmXIw \ÃXpXs¶btÃ?'' tPymÕy³ ]dbp¶p: ""DÅXp apgph³ ]dªp tIĸnt¨¡mw. Chsâ P·{Kl§fpw an{X{Kl§fpw ip`§fmIp¶p. AXnsâ ^eambn Ch³ henb [\nI\pw IoÀ¯nam\pw Bbn¯ocpw. GXp k`bn IS¶ncp¶mepw Chsâ tXPÊv aäpÅhcptSXnt\¡mÄ anI¨p\n¡pw. icoc¯n\p \à BtcmKyapÅh\pw cmPm¡·mcm IqSn _lpam\n¡s¸Sp¶h\pw Bbn¯ocpw.'' Cu amXncn hm¡pIÄ tI«v Ip«nbpsS ANvO\½amÀ ]dbpw: ""\ÃXv. \ÃXp tPymÕytc; A§v hfsc \à HcmfmWv.'' F¶m CXpsImsWvSm¶pw Xsâ Imcyw km[n¡pIbnsöv tPymÕy¶dnbmw. AXpsImWvSv tPymÕy³ ]ns¶bpw ]dbp¶p: ""Cu ]dª {Kl§sfÃmw hfsc tim`\§Ä Xs¶bmWv. F¶m Cu ip`{Kl§Ä thsd Nne {Iqc{Kl§tfmSp IqSnt¨À¶mWncn¡p¶Xv. AXp\nan¯w Cu Ip«n¡v F«mas¯ hbÊn arXyptbmKw DWvSv.'' CXp tIÄ¡pt¼mtg¡pw amXm]nXm¡Ä ]p{XP\\wsImWvSpWvSmb B\µsaÃmw ]cnXyPn¨v k´m]kap{Z¯n ap§n tPymÕyt\mSv ]dbp¶p: ""tPymÕytc, C\n R§Ä F´mWv sNt¿WvSXv?'' tPymÕy³ ]dbp¶p: ""AXn\p hà ]cnlmchpw sN¿Ww.'' ]cnlmcw F´msW¶v Krlس tNmZn¡pt¼mÄ tPymÕy³ hoWvSpw ]dªp XpS§p¶p: ""Zm\§Ä sImSp¡Ww. {Klim´n¡pÅ a{´§Ä P]n¡Ww. ZnhkwtXmdpw {_mÒWsc ImÂIgpIn¨v Du«Ww. C§s\sbÃmw sN¿p¶Xmbm {Kl¸ngIsfÃmw Xocpsa¶mWv A\pam\nt¡WvSXv.'' tPymÕy³ ChnsS A\pam\i_vZw {]tbmKn¡p¶Xv hfsc ap³IcpXtemSpIqSnbmWv. Hcp]t£, Ip«n acn¨pt]mIp¶Xmbm AbmÄ ]dbpw: ""R§Ä F´p sN¿pw? ]ctaizc\p tase Bcpw CÃ. R§Ä hfsc {]bXv\w sNbvXpt\m¡n. \n§Ä ]eXpw sN¿n¨p. ]t£, Ahsâ IÀa^ew A§s\bmWv.'' Ip«n Pohn¡pIbmWv sNbvXsX¦n At¸mgpw AbmÄ¡v C§s\ ]dbmw: "" t\m¡pI, R§fpsS a{´§fpsSbpw R§Ä D]mkn¡p¶ tZhXamcpsSbpw {_mÒWcpsSbpw iàn F{X hepXmWv. \n§fpsS Ip«nsb c£n¨pX¶ntÃ?'' hmkvXh¯n P]w sImWvSp ^esam¶papWvSmbnsæn B [qÀ¯·mcpsS ssIbnÂ\n¶v AhÀ¡v sImSp¯Xnsâ ctWvSm aqt¶m Cc«n ]Ww aS¡nhmt§WvSXmWv. Ip«n Pohn¨ncn¡p¶Xmbmepw A§s\ aS¡ntaSn¡pI Xs¶bmWv thWvSXv. Fs´¶mÂ, "AXv Ahsâ IÀa^eamWv. Cuizcsâ \nbas¯ ewLn¡phm³

BÀ¡pw iànbnÃ' F¶p tPymXnjn ]dbp¶t]mse Ahsâ IÀa^ehpw Cuizcsâ \nbahpamWv Ahs\ c£n¨Xv; \n§fpsS {]hr¯nbà F¶v KrlØ\v AbmtfmSpw ]dbmhp¶XmWtÃm. Zm\§fpw aäp ]pWyIÀa§fpw A\pjvTn¸n¨p {]Xn{Klw hm§nbn«pÅ Kpcp apXembhtcmSpw tPymÕyt\mSv ]dªXpt]mse Xs¶ ]dtbWvSXmWv.(kXymÀY{]Imiw, Bcy{]mtZinI {]Xn\n[n k`, ]©m_v. ]pdw: 45þ47) tPymXnj¯nsâ \ncÀYIX hyàam¡m\mbn kzman hnthIm\µ³ Hcp IY D²cn¡p¶p: ""Hcp tPymXnjn Hcp cmPmhnsâ ASp¡Â sN¶v At±lw Bdp amk¯n\pÅn acn¡psa¶v {]hNn¨p. AXptI«p `b¶ cmPmhv At¸mÄXs¶ acn¡psa¶ \nebnembn. At¸mÄ a{´n AhnsSsb¯n "tPymXnjnIÄ s]mXpsh hnUvVnIfmsW¶pw AhÀ ]dbp¶Xv hnizknt¡WvSXnsÃ'¶pw ]dªv cmPmhns\ Bizkn¸n¡m³ t\m¡nsb¦nepw ^en¨nÃ. At¸mÄ a{´n tPymXnjntbmSv "cmPmhnsâ acWw {]hNn¨Xv icn Xs¶tbm' F¶v H¶pIqSn tNmZn¨p. hoWvSpw KWn¨Xn\v tijw tPymXnjn Xsâ {]hN\¯nepd¨p\n¶p. DSs\ a{´n tPymXnjntbmSv "\n§Ä Ft¸mgmWv acn¡pI'sb¶v tNmZn¨p. "]{´WvSpsImÃw IgnªmÂ' F¶v adp]Sn. AXptI«bpSs\ a{´n hmsfSp¯p hoin B tPymXnjnsb sh«ns¡m¶p. F¶n«v cmPmhnt\mSp ]dªp: "At§¡nt¸mÄ t_m[yambtÃm, Ah³ IÅ\msW¶v. Cu \nanjw Xs¶ Ah³ N¯phtÃm.''(hnthIm\µ kmlnXykÀhkzw, hm. 4, ]pdw 87) kzman hnthIm\µ³ Xs¶ FgpXp¶p: ""hn[nsb¸än ]pe¼ns¡mWvSncn¡p¶Xv {]mbw IqSnhcp¶hcmWv. bphP\§Ä {]mtbW tPymXnjs¯ B{ibn¡mdnÃ. {Kl§Ä \½psS ta {]m`hw {]tbmKn¡p¶pWvSmhmw. F¶m \mw AXn\{X {]m[m\yw IÂ]n¡m³ ]mSnÃ.... tPymXnÀKW§Ä h¶psImÅs«; AXpsImsWvS´p tZmjw? Hcp \£{X¯n\v Xmdpamdm¡mhp¶XmWv Fsâ PohnXsa¦n AsXmcp Imin\p hne]nSn¸pÅXÃ. tPymXnjhpw AXpt]mepÅ KqVhnZyIfpw {]mtbW ZpÀ_ea\Ênsâ NnÓ§fmsW¶v \n§Ä¡dnbm\mIpw. AXn\meh \½psS a\Ên Øm\w ]nSn¡m³ XpS§nbm DS³ \mw Hcp sshZys\ ImWpIbpw \à Blmcw Ign¡pIbpw hn{ian¡pIbpw sNt¿WvSXmWv''(AtX ]pkvXIw, ]pdw 86). GIssZh¯n\ÃmsX aämÀ¡pw A`uXnIImcy§fdnbpIbnsöXv IeÀ¸nÃm¯ ssZhhnizmk¯nsâ Ahn`mPyLSIas{X. Ckvemw A¡mcyw Du¶n¸dbm\pÅ ImcWhpw AXpXs¶.

ssZhmhXmcw kXytam anYytbm? ""AhXmck¦Â]s¯ Ckvemw AwKoIcn¡p¶nsöv Xm¦Ä ]dªphtÃm. ssZhw hnhn[ cqt] W AhXcn¡psa¶ hnizmkw Ckveman¶v hncp²amtWm?'' CkvemanI ho£W¯n ssZhw GI\mWv, A\mZnbmWv, A\´\mWv, AZriy\mWv, Acq]nbmWv, AXpey\mWv, AkZri\mWv, Ahn`mPy\mWv, P\narXnIÄ¡XoX\mWv. F¶m ssZhmhXmcsa¶v AhImis¸Sp¶hbvs¡Ãmw P\\apWvSv, acWapWvSv, cq]apWvSv, ØeImehpambn _ÔapWvSv, ]cn[nIfpw ]cnanXnIfpapWvSv. ssZhw CXns\Ãmw AXoX\s{X. AXn\m Ckvemw AhXmc k¦Â]s¯ A\pIqen¡p¶nsöp am{XaÃ, iàamsbXnÀ¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. F¶m Ckvemw am{Xaà AXns\ FXnÀ¡p¶Xv. sslµhthZZÀi\hpw AhXmck¦Â]¯ns\XncmWv. AXv lnµpaX hnizmk¯nsâ `mKtabÃ, ]n¡me¯v Iq«nt¨À¡s¸«XmWv. ssZhw a\pjyicoc cq]aWnbp¶h\msW¶ hnizmks¯ `KhXvKoX iàamsbXnÀ¡p¶p: ""AhPm\´n amw aqVmx am\pjow X\pam{inXw

]cw `mhaPm\t´m aa `qXatlizcw. tamLmim tamLIÀamtWm tamLÚm\m hntNXkx cm£koamkqcow ssNh {]IrXnw tamln\ow {inXmx'' (`qX§fpsS atlizcs\¶ ]caamb Fsâ `mhs¯ Adnbm¯ aqV·mÀ Fs¶ am\pjnIamb icocs¯ B{ibn¨h\mbn \nµn¡p¶p. A§s\ Fs¶ [cn¡p¶hcpsS BiIfpw AhÀ sN¿p¶ IÀa§fpw AhÀ¡pÅ Úm\hpw \njv^e§fmWv. AhÀ AhnthInIfpw a\Êns\ tamln¸n¡p¶ cm£k{]IrXnsbbpw Akpc{]IrXnsbbpw B{ibn¨pÅhcmIp¶p.) (A[ymbw 9, cmPhnZymcmP KplytbmKw, tÇmIw: 11, 12) \½psS cmPy¯v ssZhmhXmc§fmbn KWn¨v Bcm[n¡s¸Sp¶ {_Òmhv, hnjvWp, inh³, {iocma³, {ioIrjvW³ F¶nhsc¡pdn¨v {]apJ thZ]ÞnX\mb hmKv`Sm\µ Kpcp FgpXp¶p: ""krjvSnØnXy´IcWow {_ÒhnjvWp inhmßnImw k kwÚmw bmXn `Khmt\I Gh atlizcx (hnjvWp]pcmWw 1þ 2þ 66). AÀYw: krjvSn ØnXn kwlmc§Ä \S¯p¶XpsImWvSv GI\mb Cuizcs\ {_Òmsh¶pw hnjvWpsh¶pw inh³ F¶pw hnfn¡p¶p. CXpsImWvSv ]ucmWnI·mcpsS CSbnepw GIssZhhnizmkamWpÅsX¶v A\mbmtk\ {Kln¡mhp¶XmWv. "kXyw A§s\bmsW¦nepw ]ucmWnI·mÀ XpS§n CXphscbpÅ _lpP\§Ä {_ÒmZnIsf shtÆsd Cuizc·mcmbn hnizkn¨phcp¶pWvStÃm! CXn\p ]camWp{Kmbambns«¦nepw hà ImcWhpw DtWvSm, DsWvS¦n AXv F´mbncn¡pw F¶p tNmZn¡p¶p. F¦n Rm³ Ipdsªmcp kam[m\w ]dbmw. ]WvSv {_Òmhv, hnjvWp, inh³ F¶pw aäpw Nne a\pjyÀ DWvSmbncp¶p. AhscÃmw aXhmZnIfpw _p²aX{]NmcWt¯mSpIqSn DSªpXIÀ¶pt]mb ]utcmlnXy {]`mht¡m«bpsS ]p\cp²mcW¯n¶mbn ssIbpbÀ¯n NmSn¸pds¸« hochoc·mcpw Bbncp¶p. ChcpsS CSbn {_Òmhv Ipsd \à a\ØnXnbpÅ Hcmfmbncp¶p F¶p hnizkn¡mw. At±lw Xsâ aXw {]Ncn¸n¡p¶Xn\v Bbp[w D]tbmKn¨ncp¶nÃ. AXmbncp¶p At±l¯n\pÅ sshinjvSyw. hnjvWphpw inh\pw X§fpsS aX{]NmcW¯n¶mbn IchmÄ, KZ, iqew apXembh \njvIcpWw D]tbmKn¨p. AXnsâ ^eambn«v AhcpsS aXw C´ybn {]_es¸«p. hnjvWp, hnIpWvT F¶ kv{XobpsS aI\pw sshIpWvTs\¶v {]kn²\pamIp¶p. At±lw BcyhÀK¯n s]« Hcph\mbncp¶p F¶p hnizkn¡p¶Xn\v hntcm[anÃ. `n£minbmbn k©cn¨XpsImWvSpw kÀ¸hioIcW¯n kmckyw Im«nbncp¶XpsImWvSpw "\§' F¶ Ipdhkv{XobpsS ]nXmhmbncp¶XpsImWvSpw aZy]m\¯n Bkà\mbncp¶p F¶dnbs¸«XpsImWvSpw aäpw "inh³' Hcp Ipdh\mbncp¶p F¶qln¡m³ hgnbpWvSv. GXmbmepw inhsâ ss\thZys¯ C¶pw {_mÒWPmXn¡mÀ `£n¡m¯XpsImWvSv At±lw Xmgv¯s¸« Hcp PmXnbn DÄs¸« Bfmbncn¡Wsa¶Xv XoÀ¨ Xs¶. "{_Òmhnsâ Igp¯dp¯ ]mXIw \nan¯amWv {_mÒW PmXn¡mÀ inhss\thZyw `£n¡m¯Xv' F¶p ]dbp¶Xp kzoImcyaÃ. A§s\bmsW¦n At\Imbncw P\§fpsS Kf\mfw apdn¨v P\mÀZ\³ F¶ t]À k¼mZn¨Xn\v ]pdsa amXrlXym alm]mXIhpw IqSn sNbvX hnjvWphnsâ ss\thZyw taÂPmXn¡mÀ Blcn¡p¶sX§s\? Cu hnjvWphpw inh\pw ]cat{ZmlnIfmbncp¶p F¶Xn\p]pdsa At\ym\yaÕcnIfpambncp¶p. inh³ {_ÒaXs¯ \njv{]bmkw DS¨ncp¶p. {_Òmhnsâ incÊäpt]mbn F¶ sFXnly¯nsâ aqew AXmWv. {_ÒaXw XIÀ¶pt]mIbm {_Òmhns\ IpSnsh¸m\pw Bcm[n¸m\pw A[nIw t]cpWvSmbncp¶nÃ. X·qew At±lw A\mcm[ytImSnbn KWn¡s¸«p. sshjvWh·mcpw ssih·mcpw IqSpX DWvSmIbm hnjvWphnsâbpw inhsâbpw acWtijw Ahsc kmZcw

IpSnhbv¡p¶Xn\pw Bcm[n¡p¶Xn\pw AXy[nIw kuIcyapWvSmbn. C´ybn hnjvWpt£{X§fpw inht£{X§fpw [mcmfw BhnÀ`hn¨Xn\p ImcWw CXpXs¶. Bbp[§Ä D]tbmKn¨p A\hcXw km[pt{Zmlw sNbvXncp¶XpsImWvSpw At\ym\yw Iel§Ä \S¯nbncp¶XpsImWvSpw aäp ]e ImcW§ÄsImWvSpw inhsâbpw hnjvWphnsâbpw a\ØnXn teiw t]mepw DÂIrjvSambncp¶nsöv [cn¡phm³ _p²nbpÅ GXp a\pjy¶pw Ffp¸amIp¶p. inhsâ ZpxØnXnsb shfnhmbn {Kln¡Wsa¦n At±lw GÀs¸Sp¯nb imtàb¯nepÅ hmaX{´w H¶p hmbn¨pt\m¡nbm aXn. a\pjysc DStemsS \cI¯n XÅnhnSp¶ \á§fpw _o`Õ§fpamb ZpcmNmc§fmWv AXn {]Xn]mZn¡s¸Sp¶Xv. sshjvWh aXs¯ {]_eambn {]Ncn¸n¨hsc hnjvWphnsâ AhXmc ]pcpj·mcm¡nbpw ssihaX¯n\v {]m_eyw hcp¯nbhsc inhsâ ]p{X·mcm¡nbpw hÀWn¡pIbmWv {]mtbW sNbvXpImWp¶Xv. {iocma\pw {ioIrjvW\pw aäpw AhXmc ]pcpj·mcmbXpw KW]Xnbpw kp{_ÒWy\pw inhkqX·mcmbXpw Cu hgnbn IqSnbmIp¶p.'' (hmKv`Sm\µsâ k¼qÀW IrXnIÄ, amXr`qan {]nânwKv Bâv ]»njnwKv I¼\n enanäUv, tImgnt¡mSv. 1998 ]pdw 751þ752) hmKv`Sm\µ Kpcp Xs¶ C¡mcyw kw`mjW cqt]W C§s\ hyàam¡p¶p: ""cma³: kvt\lnX, \n§Ä CuizchnizmkanÃmsX Pohn¡p¶Xn Rm³ hyk\n¡p¶p. IrjvW³: Rm³ Cuizchnizmknbsöv \n§tfmSmcmWv ]dªXv? cma³: Bsc¦nepw ]dªpXtcWtam? inh³, hnjvWp, {_Òmhv XpS§nb kImcaqÀ¯nIsf \ntj[n¨p {]kwK§Ä \S¯p¶ \n§Ä Hcp `b¦c\mb \ncoizc\tÃ? IrjvW³: kvt\lnX, BImct`Z§tfmSpIqSnb inh\pw hnjvWphpw aäpw CuizcØm\¯n A`njnàcmIp¶Xn\v AÀl·mcsöpw inhmZnIsf krjvSn¨ kÀhià\mWv Cuizcs\¶pw hnizkn¡p¶ Rm\Ãtbm Cuizchnizmkn? \izc§fpw CuizckrjvS§fpamb kmImchkvXp¡sf Cuizc·msc¶v hnizkn¨pw XZ\pkmcw Bcm[n¨pw hcp¶ \n§fsÃtbm [qÀ¯·mcmb \ncoizc·mÀ? cma³: BÝcyw! BÝcyw! kmImcaqÀ¯nIfmb inhmZnIÄ \izc·mcmtWm? Fs´mc[nI{]kwKamWnXv? F\n¡nsXm¶pw tIÄt¡WvS. IrjvW³: kvt\lnX, BImcapÅ FÃm ]ZmÀY§fpw \izc§fmWv. CXnsâ sXfnhn¶v Hcp LSs¯ ]cntim[n¨m aXn. LSw BImcapÅXmIp¶p, AXv \in¡p¶XpamIp¶p. Cu \nbaw ]camWp ImcWhmZnIÄ IqSn k½Xn¡mXncn¡nÃ. F´psImsWvS¶m Cu \nbaw FhnsSbpw _m[IamIp¶p. F¶m kmImcamb B LS¯n\v Hcp IÀ¯mhp IqSn thWw. AÃmsX LSw DWvSmhpIbnÃ. B IÀ¯mhmWv Ipih³. AXpt]mse inhmZnIÄ kmImc·mcmsW¦n AhÀ \in¡p¶hÀXs¶, kwibanÃ. AhcpsS DÂ]¯n¡v Hcp IÀ¯mhpWvSmbncn¡Wsa¶v A\pam\n¡Ww. B IÀ¯mhs{X Cuizc³. "hnizky IÀ¯m' F¶pw aäpw thZ§Ä ÇmLn¡p¶Xv B Cuizcs\bmIp¶p. XmZri\mb Cuizcs\ hnizkn¡pIbpw P\n¨p acn¨ inhmZnIsf Cuizcs\¶v hnizkn¡mXncn¡pIbpw sN¿pI. AXmWv DNnXw. IYbnÃmsX hÃXpw hnizkn¡pIbpw B aqVhnizmks¯ Bt£]n¡p¶ ZbmimenIsf A[nI{]kwKnIsf¶v A[nt£]n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xv kpP\X¡v tbmPn¨XÃ. cma³: IjvSw! IjvSw! inhmZnIÄ P\n¨p acn¨hsct¶m! Fs´mcp [n¡mcamWnXv? C§s\ Bsc¦nepw ]dbptam?

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kmbn_m_bpw apkvenw kn²·mcpw ""ssZhw a\pjymImc¯n AhXcn¡nsöv Xm¦Ä ]dªphtÃm. At¸mÄ `Khm³ kXykmbn_m_ ssZhmhXmcasömtWm Xm¦fpsS hmZw? _m_bpsS AZv`pXkn²nIfn BIrjvScmb Bbnc¡W¡n\v apkvenw A\pbmbnIÄ t]mepw At±l¯n\pWvStÃm. AtX¡pdn¨v F´p ]dbp¶p?'' ssZh¯n\v AhXmcansöpw DWvSmImhXsöpw Rm³ am{XaÃ; {]apJ sslµh thZ]ÞnX³amÀ t]mepw {]amW§fpsS shfn¨¯n kaÀYn¨n«pWvSv. Ignª tNmZy¯nsâ adp]Snbn A¡mcyw hniZambn hnhcn¨XmWtÃm. kXykmbn_m_ tIhew Hcp a\pjy³ am{XamWv. 1926 \hw_À 23þ\mWv At±lw P\n¨Xv. ]nXmhv s]±sh¦¸ cmPphpw amXmhv Cuizcmw_bpamWv. B{Ôbnse tKm]me¸Ån {Kma¯nembncp¶p P\\w. AXmWnt¸mÄ ]p«]À¯n F¶ t]cnednbs¸Sp¶ {]tZiw. kmbn_m_bpw Hcp \mÄ \s½t¸mse acn¡pw. a®n h¨m At±l¯nsâ icochpw a®mbn amdpw. NnXbn h¨m NmcamIpw. \ncmImc\pw \ncm{ib\pw A\mZnbpw Ahn`mPy\pamb ssZhw C¯cw ZuÀ_ey§fnÂ\ns¶Ãmw apà\s{X. kmbn_m_¡v hnZKv[\mb Hcp aPojytâXn Ihnª Ignthm Fs´¦nepw AZv`pXkn²nItfm H¶pansöv GXp km[mcW¡mc\pw t_m[yamIm³ ]cym]vXamb \nch[n kw`h§Ä CXn\Iw DWvSmbn«pWvSv. NneXp am{XanhnsS kqNn¸n¡mw: 1. ]p«]À¯nbnse B{ia¯n h¨v kmbn_m_bpsS t\sc h[{iaw \S¶p. A{IanIfpsS sh«pw Ip¯ptaäv AwKc£Icn cWvSpt]À sImÃs¸«p. cWvSpt]À¡v ]cnt¡Â¡pIbpw sNbvXp. kw`hw \S¶ DSs\ Øes¯¯nb t]meoknsâ shSntbäv A{IanIÄ \mept]cpw acn¨phoWp. F¶n«pw KqVmtemN\bpsS clkyadnbm³ kmbn_m_¡p km[n¨nÃ. IpähmfnIsf IsWvS¯m³ t]meokpImÀ htcWvSnh¶p. AXpw aXnbmhmsX t]meokv \mbv¡sf sImWvSphcnIbmWpWvSmbXv. CXnsâ AÀYw hfsc hyàamWtÃm. A`uXnI amÀtKW hà Adnhpw kmbn_m_¡pWvSmbncp¶psh¦n A{IanIfmb sImebmfnIsf Xsâ BØm\¯v At´hmknIfmbn Xmakn¸n¡nÃmbncp¶p. IpähmfnIsf IsWvS¯m³ t]meotkm t]meokv \mbtbm thWvSnhcnÃmbncp¶p. kw`hs¯ XpSÀ¶v kmbn_m_ Xmakn¨ N{µ HmUntämdnb¯n\v t]meokv Imh GÀs¸Spt¯WvSnhcpambncp¶nÃ. hà Aam\pjnI Ignhpw At±l¯n\pWvSmbncp¶psh¦n ]p«]À¯nbnepw ]cnkc¯pw Aªqdntesd t]meokpImsc Imh \nÀt¯WvSnhcnÃmbncp¶p. ]p«]À¯nbnse kmbn_m_bpsS {][m\ A\pbmbnIÄ¡p Xs¶ At±l¯nsâ ssZhnIXbn hnizmkansöXmWv kXyw. AXpsImWvSmWtÃm Ahct±ls¯ h[n¡m³ {ian¨Xv. 2. 1993þ sslZdm_mZn kXykmbn_m_ {SÌnsâ hIbmbn Hcp IeymWaÞ]w A¶s¯ {][m\a{´n DZvLmS\w sNbvXp. ]cn]mSnbn A¶s¯ B`y´c a{´n Fkv._n. Nhm³, Irjna{´n _ÂdmwQm¡À, B{Ôbnsebpw IÀWmSI¯nsebpw ap³ apJya{´namcmb hnPb`mkvIc sdUvVn, _wKmc¸ XpS§nb \nch[n {]apJÀ kw_Ôn¨ncp¶p. thZnbnÂsh¨v kmbn_m_ A´co£¯n \n¶v Hcp kzÀWs¨bns\Sp¯v IeymWaÞ]w cq]IÂ]\ sNbvX inÂ]n¡v k½m\n¡pIbpWvSmbn. DZvLmS\ ]cn]mSn ZqcZÀi³ hn`mKw ^nenan ]IÀ¯nbncp¶p. {]kvXpX hoUntbm Nn{Xw kmbn_m_bpsS "Aam\pjnIX'bpsS FÃm clkyhpw ]pd¯psImWvSphcm³ ]cym]vXas{X. kmbn_m_ Xsâ HcSp¯ A\pbmbnbnÂ\n¶v kzÀWs¨bn³ ssIhis¸Sp¯p¶Xpw AXv X{´]qÀhw ssIbnseSp¡p¶Xpw AXn hyàambn ImWmw. tImSn¡W¡n\v a\pjysc

hgnsXän¡p¶ _m_bpsS "ZnhymZv`pX'¯nsâ \nPØnXn ImWnIÄ¡v \¶mbn a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbp¶ Cu ]cn]mSn ZqcZÀi³ {]ZÀin¸n¨nÃ. F¶m IeymWaÞ]w DZvLmS\]cn]mSnbpsS hoUntbm Nn{Xw Aam\pjnIXsb¡pdn¨ AhImihmZ§fpsS \nPØnXn At\zjn¡p¶ A´mcmjv{S kanXnbpsS C´y³ I¬ho\À kn. t{]am\µv X{´]qÀhw ssIhis¸Sp¯pIbpWvSmbn. AXv CXn\Iw tImgnt¡mSpÄs¸sS \mSnsâ \m\m`mK§fn {]ZÀin¸n¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. kmbn_m_t¡m A\pbmbnIÄt¡m CXn\v Xr]vXnIcamb Hcp hniZoIcWw \ÂIm³ Ct¶mfw Ignªn«nÃ. 3. iq\yXbnÂ\n¶v `kvahpw kzÀWtamXnchpw FSp¡m³ Ignbpsa¦n acp¶pw aäp hkvXp¡fpw DWvSm¡m\pw IgntbWvSXmWtÃm. F¶m ]p«]À¯nbnse Bip]{Xnbn kztZi¯p\n¶p am{XaÃ, hntZi¯p\n¶pw acp¶v hcp¯pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. kmbn_m_¡v hà ZnhyIgnhpapWvSmbncps¶¦n tcmKnIÄ¡v Bizmkw ]Icm³ kq¸À kvs]jymenän Bip]{Xn Øm]nt¡WvSnhcpambncp¶nÃ. ]p«]À¯nbnepw atäXv Bip]{Xnbnsebpw t]mse acp¶v \ÂInbpw ikv{X{Inb \S¯nbpsams¡¯s¶bmWv tcmKnIsf NnInÕn¡p¶Xv. Hcam\pjnIXbpw H¶nepansöv GhÀ¡padnbmhp¶ ImcyamWv. kmbn_m_bpsSbpw AXpt]mepÅhcpsSbpw A\pbmbnIÄ ZnhymZv`pX§sf kw_Ôn¨ hymPIYIÄ {]Ncn¸n¡m³ H«pw aSnImWn¡mdnÃ. DZmlcW¯n\v Hcp kw`hw am{Xw ChnsS D²cn¡mw: ""hnizhnJymXamb sskt¡m hm¨v I¼\nbpsS DSa ]pXnb sa¨s¸« Hcn\w hm¨v \nÀan¨p. IqSpX ]cntim[\bv¡pw kq£va\nco£W¯n\pambn AXv Xsâ tk^n `{Zambn kq£n¨p. HgnhpImes¯mcn¡Â C´ybnembncns¡ BImw£m]qÀhw ]p«]À¯n kµÀin¨p. Xsâ `àÀ¡nSbn P¸m³Imc\mb am\ys\ IWvS kXykmbn_m_ At±ls¯ Xsâ ASpt¯¡v hnfn¨p. A´co£¯nÂ\n¶v Hcp s]mXnsbSp¯v At±l¯n\v sImSp¯p. AXv Xpd¶pt\m¡nb hm¨p\nÀamXmhv AZv`pXkvX_v[\mbn. tSm¡ntbmhn Xsâ tk^n `{Zambn kq£n¨ ]pXnb C\w hm¨mbncp¶p AXv. t]cpw hnebpw Ipdn¨n« te_entem AXnt·epWvSmbncp¶ kn¡v dn_Wntem Hcp hyXymkhpapWvSmbncp¶nÃ. AtXmsS sskt¡m I¼\n¡mc\v kXykmbn_m_bpsS ssZhnI IgnhpIsf kw_Ôn¨ kwib§sfÃmw \o§n. AbmÄ kmbn_m_bpsS ]mZ§fn {]Wan¡pIbpw At±ls¯ Bcm[n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. A§s\ B P¸m³Imc³ kmbn_m_bpsS D¯a `à\mbn¯oÀ¶p. tSm¡ntbmhn aS§nsb¯n Xsâ tk^v ]cntim[n¨t¸mÄ Xm³ kq£n¨ hm¨v AhnsS DWvSmbncp¶nsöXv sskt¡m I¼\n¡mcs\ IqSpX BÝcy`cnX\m¡n. \n_nUamb XeapSnbpÅ, ssZhnIX tXm¶n¡p¶ HcmÄ Hcp Znhkw Hm^okn h¶v tk^pXpd¶v hm¨pambn Xncn¨pt]mbXmbn t]gvkW sk{I«dn Adnbn¨t¸mÄ At±l¯nsâ AZv`pXw ]Xn·S§v hÀ[n¨p''þ C´ym Kh¬saâv ap³ imkv{X D]tZjvSmhv tUm. Fkv. `mKhXw Fw.Fkv.kn, Un.F.Fkv.kn, ]n.F¨v.Un 1973þ Fkv.sI. \mbcpsS ]{Xm[n]Xy¯nepWvSmbncp¶ aebmf\mSv hmcnIbn FgpXnb teJ\¯n tNÀ¯XmWv {]kvXpX kw`hw. {]apJ bpànhmZnbmbncp¶ ]tcX\mb F.Sn. tImhqÀ kw`h¯nsâ \nPØnXn At\zjn¨dnbm³ Xocpam\n¨p. A§s\ ]p«]À¯n kµÀin¨ P¸m³Imcsâ t]cpw hnemkhpw Adnbn¡m\mhiys¸«v tImhqÀ 1973 sk]vXw_À 11þ\v tUmIvSÀ `mKhX¯n\v Is¯gpXn. cWvSp amkw Ignªn«pw `mKhXw {]XnIcn¨nÃ. AXn\m tImhqÀ {ioe¦bnse P¸m³ Fw_knbnÂ\n¶v sskt¡m hm¨v \nÀamXmhnsâ hnemkw tiJcn¨p. XpSÀ¶v 1973 HIvtSm_À 30þ\v sskt¡m hm¨v \nÀamXm¡fmb lt«mdn Bâv I¼\n enanäUnsâ {]knUâv tjmPn lt«mdn¡v Hcp I¯b¨p. AXn tUm. `mKhXw D²cn¨ IY tNÀ¯ tijw \mep Imcyw At\zjn¨p:

1. \n§tfm \n§fpsS GsX¦nepw ]mÀSvWÀamtcm Ft¸msg¦nepw C´ybnse kXykmbn_m_sb kµÀin¨n«ptWvSm? 2. Xm¦Ät¡m Xm¦fpsS GsX¦nepw ]mÀSvWÀt¡m kmbn_m_ A´co£¯nÂ\n¶v hm¨v DWvSm¡n k½m\n¨n«ptWvSm? 3. Xm¦tfmtSm Xm¦fpsS GsX¦nepw ]mÀSvWtdmtSm Xm¦fpsS t]gvkW sk{I«dn Hc]cnNnX³ tk^v Xpd¶v hm¨v FSp¯psImWvSpt]mbXmbn ]dªn«ptWvSm? 4. Xm¦tfm Xm¦fpsS GsX¦nepw ]mÀSvWÀamtcm kXykmbn_m_bpsS `à\mtWm? sskt¡m I¼\n DSa tjmPn lt«mdn 1973 \hw_À 8þ\v tImhqcnsâ I¯n\v adp]Sn Ab¨p. AXn Xmt\m Xsâ ]mÀSvWÀamtcm kmbn_m_sb Adnbnsöv Adnbn¡pIbpw \mep Imcy§fpw XoÀ¯pw \ntj[n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. F.Sn. tImhqÀ {]kvXpX adp]SnbpsS t^mt«mtIm¸ntbmsSm¸w tUmIvSÀ `mKhX¯n\v I¯b¨p. AXn tjmPn lt«mdntbm At±l¯nsâ ]mÀSvWÀamtcm AÃm¯ Bsc¦nepamWv aebmf\mSnse teJ\¯n hnhcn¨ kw`h¯nse IYm]m{Xsa¦n AbmfpsS t]cpw hnemkhpw Adnbn¡m\mhiys¸«p. AXn\pw adp]Sn DWvSmbnÃ. AXn\m F.Sn. tImhqÀ Cu kw`h§sfÃmw hnhcn¨v 1976 sk]vXw_À 12þse ssSwkv Hm^v C´ybnsegpXn. AtXmsS tUm. `mKhXw cwK¯ph¶p. 1976 \hw_À 29þ\v ssSwkv Hm^v C´ybn Hcp hniZoIcW¡pdns¸gpXn. AXn Xm³ A§s\ Hcp kw`hw Adnbnsöpw A§s\ Hcp teJ\w Cw¥ojntem atäsX¦nepw `mjbntem FgpXnbn«nsöpw aebmfw X\n¡dnbnsöpw hcp¯m\mWv {ian¨Xv. aebmf\mSv hmcnIbn kmbn_m_bpsS ssZhnIX¡v sXfnhmbn D²cn¨ sskt¡m hm¨v kw`hw XoÀ¯pw hymPhpw t_m[]qÀhw sI«n¨a¨Xpambncp¶psh¶v AtXmsS GhÀ¡pw t_m[yambn. (hniZhnhc§Ä¡v SAIBABA'S MIRACLES: AN OVERVIEW. Edited by DALE BEYER STEIN, Page 89--98 ImWpI.) bYmÀY¯n {]]©{kjvSmhmb ssZh¯n\ÃmsX aämÀ¡pw, Hfn¸n¨ph¨h ]pds¯Sp¡mt\m temI¯pÅ ]ZmÀY§sfSp¯v AhbpsS cq]w amämt\m AÃmsX, ]pXpXmsbm¶pw DWvSm¡pI km[yaÃ. iq\yXbn \ns¶m¶pw krjvSn¡m\mÀ¡pamhnÃ. A`uXnI Imcy§fdnbpIbpanÃ. `mhnbnse´p \S¡psa¶v IsWvS¯m\pw IgnbnÃ. AXn\m ssZhnIXtbm Aam\pjnIXtbm AhImis¸Sp¶hcmcmbmepw X\n hymP·mcmWhÀ. Ahcn hnizkn¡p¶hÀ Ad_nt¸cpÅhcmbmepw AÃm¯hcmbmepw XnIª AÔhnizmknIfpamWv. ssZh¯nsâ am{Xw khntijXIÄ aäpÅhcn Btcm]n¡p¶XneqsS ssZh¯n Ahsâ krjvSnIsf ]¦ptNÀ¡p¶ A£´hyamb A]cm[amWhÀ sN¿p¶Xv.

""F¦n ZnhyiànbpsWvS¶hImis¸Sp¶ apkvenw kn²·mtcm?'' X\n hymP·mcmWhÀ. ssZh¯n\ÃmsX aämÀ¡pw Hcphn[ A`uXnI Ignthm kn²nItfm CÃ. A`uXnI amÀtKW BÀs¡¦nepw Hcp XethZ\tbm hbdpthZ\tbm at\mtcmKw t]meptam \ÂIm\mÀ¡pw km[yaÃ. km[yamIpambncp¶psh¦n ¢n⬠tamWn¡s¡Xnscbpw k±mw lpssks\Xnscbpw temI¯p In«mhp¶ FÃm `Khm·mscbpw A½amscbpw ]pWyhmf·mscbpw kn²·mscbpw Iq«p]nSn¨v A§s\ sN¿pambncp¶p. kn²·mcmbn NabpIbpw Huenbm¡fmbn hmgpIbpw sN¿p¶hÀ¡v hà IgnhpapsWvS¦n ^ekvXzo\nIsf {Iqcambn ]oUn¸n¡p¶ C{ktb `cWm[nImcn¡v amdm¯ XethZ\tbm hbdpthZ\tbm \ÂIs«.

km[yasöXmWv kXyw. kz´s¯ t]mepw c£n¡m³ Ignbm¯hcmWv A`uXnI kn²nIfpw Aam\pj IgnhpIfpw AhImis¸Sp¶ FÃmhcpw. CubnsS h[n¡s¸«, kn²\mbn hneknbncp¶ Xncphnezmaebnse ^¡oÀ D¸m¸bpsS A\p`hw Xs¶ CXn\p km£nbmWv. AÔhnizmk¯n\Sns¸«hÀ kXyØnXn a\Ênem¡p¶nsöp am{Xw

hn{Klmcm[\sb F´ns\XnÀ¡p¶p? "apkvenwIÄ [cn¡p¶Xpt]mse R§Ä _lpssZhhnizmknItfm _lpssZhmcm[Itcm AÃ. ssZhw GI\msW¶v hnizkn¨v ssZhs¯ Bcm[n¡p¶hcmWv. hn{Kl§Ä {]XnjvTn¡p¶Xv ssZhs¯ HmÀ¡m\pw ssZh¯n {i² tI{µoIcn¡m\pamWv. F¶n«pw \n§sf´n\mWv hn{Klmcm[\sb Ipäs¸Sp¯p¶Xv?'' Ckvemw ssZh¯nsâ GIXzw Du¶n¸dbp¶p. Ahs\ am{Xta hnfn¨p {]mÀYn¡pIbpw Bcm[n¡pIbpw sN¿mhq F¶v IWniambn IÂ]n¡p¶p. ssZh¯nsâ k¯bnepw KpWhntij§fnepw A[nImcmhImi§fnepw Ah\p ]¦pImsc IÂ]n¡p¶Xv A£´hyamb A]cm[ambn IW¡m¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ \nch[n ImcW§fm hn{Klmcm[\tbmSv hntbmPnt¡WvSnhcp¶p. 1. ssZhw Acq]nbpw AZriy\pamsW¶v lnµpaXapÄs¸sS temI¯nse FÃm aX§fpw DZvtLmjn¡p¶p. tIt\m]\nj¯nen§s\ ImWmw: ""b·\km \ a\ptX tb\mlpÀat\maXw XtZh {_Ò Xzw hn²n t\Zw bZnZap]mktX'' (1: 6) (a\Ên\v Adnhm³ Ignbm¯Xpw F¶m a\Ên\v Adnhm\pÅ Ignhns\ \ÂIp¶XpambXns\ {_Òsa¶v AdnbpI. CXmWv {_Òw F¶p hnNmcn¨v D]mkn¡p¶sXm¶pw {_ÒaÃ.) ""b¨£pjm \ ]iyXn tb\ N£qwjn ]iyXn XtZh {_Ò Xzw hn²n t\Zw bZnZap]mktX'' (1:7) (I®psImWvSv Im×m³ Ignbm¯Xpw I®psImWvSv hnjb§sf ImWp¶Xn\v tlXp`qXambn«pÅXptatXm AXv {_Òsa¶dnªmepw. CXmWsX¶ \nebn D]mkn¡p¶sXm¶pw {_ÒaÃ.) ""bXv t{imt{XW \ irtWmXn tb\ t{im{XanZw {ipXw XtZh {_Ò Xzw hn²n t\Zw bZnZap]mktX''(1: 8) (sNhnsImWvSv tIÄ¡m³ Ignbm¯Xpw F¶m sNhn¡v tIÄ¡m\pÅ Ignhv \ÂIp¶XpambtXtXm AXmWv {_Òsa¶dnªmepw. AXmWnsX¶ \nebn D]mkn¡p¶sXm¶pw {_ÒaÃ.) ssZhw \ncmImc\msW¶v sslµhZÀi\w AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p. D]\nj¯v ssZhs¯ hntijn¸n¨Xv "\nÀKX BImcmXv k \ncmImcx'þ bmsXmcph\v BIrXnsbm¶panÃtbm A§s\bpÅh³þ F¶mWv (kzman Zbm\µ kckzXn, kXymÀY{]Imiw, Bcy{]mtZinI {]Xn\n[n k`, ]©m_v, ]pdw 38)

kzman Zbm\µ kckzXn FgpXp¶p: ""Cuizc³ \ncmImc\mIp¶p. Fs´¶m kmImc\msW¦n hym]I\mbncn¡p¶XÃ. hym]I\sæn kÀhÚXzw apXemb KpW§Ä Cuizc\n LSn¡pIbnÃ. Fs´¶m ]cnOn¶amb hkvXphnepÅ KpWþIÀaþkz`mh§fpw ]cnOn¶§fmbncn¡patÃm. F¶p am{XaÃ, Cuizc³ kmImc\msW¦n iotXmjvW§Ä, tcmK§Ä, tZmj§Ä, tOZ\w, t`Z\w apXemb {InbIsfm¶pta¡m¯h\mbncn¸m³ IgnbpIbnÃ. AXn\m Cuizc³ \ncmImc\msW¶pXs¶bmWv Xocpam\n¡s¸Sp¶Xv.''(kXymÀY{]Imiw, ]pdw 288) JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""AÃmlp kIe hkvXp¡sfbpw krjvSn¨ncn¡p¶p. Ah³ kIe kwKXnIfpw AdnbpIbpw sN¿p¶p. Ah\mIp¶p \n§fpsS \mY\mb ssZhw. Ah\ÃmsX Hcp Bcm[y\panÃ. kIe hkvXp¡fpsSbpw {kjvSmhmWh³. AXn\m \n§Ä Ahs\ A\pkcn¨p Pohn¡pI. Ah³ FÃm Imcy§fpsSbpw D¯chmZnXztaäh\mIp¶p. I®pIÄ¡hs\ ImWm\mhnÃ. Aht\m, I®pIsf IWvSpsImWvSncn¡p¶p. Ah³ kq£vaZr¡pw A`nÚ\patÃm''(6:101þ103). Acq]nbpw AZriy\pamb ssZh¯n\v cq]w k¦Â]n¡p¶Xv Ir{XnaamWv. anYysb kXyhpambn IeÀ¯emWv. AXv ssZhs¯ kw_Ôn¨v hfsc sXämb k¦Â]w hnizmknIfn hfÀ¯p¶p. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ AXv ssZht¯mSp sN¿p¶ ISp¯ A\oXnbmWv. CXp kw_Ôambn {_Òm\µ kzman inhtbmKn FgpXp¶p: ""\½psS ]nXmhnsâtbm Kpcphnsâtbm atäm OmbsbSp¯psh¨v AhcpsS A`mh¯n Ahsc IWvSv kt´mjn¡p¶p; hµn¡p¶p. A{]Imcw t£{X¯n ssZh¯nsâ {]Xnash¨v ]qPn¨v kt´mjn¡p¶XmIp¶p. A§s\ sNbvXn«nsæn kzev]_p²nIÄ¡v ssZhw DsWvS¶v a\ÊnemIp¶Xv F§s\bmWv? F¶v ImÀa³amÀ hmZn¡p¶p. CXpw Akw_Ôw Xs¶. ]nXmhns\bpw Kpcphns\bpw aäpw IWvSpwsImWvSmWv t^mt«m FSp¡p¶Xv. B Ombbn AhcpsS BIrXnhSnhpw DWvSv. ssZh¯n\v BIrXnbnÃ. ]ns¶ F§s\ OmbsbSp¯p? BÀ FSp¯p? _nw_¸Wn¡mcpw aäpw IÃpIfnepw hÃXnepw sIm¯p¶Xpw hc¡p¶XpamtWm ssZh¯nsâ Omb? C§s\ \m\m hn{Klcq]¯n\m ssZhkzcq]s¯bpw Bcm[\m{Ias¯bpw sXän²cn¸n¡p¶Xv alm A\ÀYamIp¶p.'' (hn{Klmcm[\mJÞ\w, {]km[IÀ: \nÀaem\µtbmKn, {]knUâv {_Òm\µ inhtbmKn kn²m{iaw, Be¯qÀ; ]pdw 28, 29) 2. \½n {i² tI{µoIcn¡mt\m \s½ HmÀ¡mt\m thWvSn Ipc§sâtbm \mbbpsStbm Nn{Xtam {]Xnatbm Øm]n¡p¶Xv \mamcpw CjvSs¸SpIbnÃtÃm. ImcWw, Ipc§\pw \mbbpsams¡ \t½¡mÄ \nÊmchpw XmsgbpamsW¶v \mw [cn¡p¶p. AÆn[w Xs¶ Cu {]]©¯nepÅ FÃm hkvXp¡fpw ssZh¯nsâ krjvSnIfpw Aht\mSv XmcXayw sN¿m\mhm¯ hn[w \t¶ \nÊmchpamWv. AhbntesX¦nepw H¶ns\, ssZhs¯ HmÀ¡m\pw Ah\n {i² tI{µoIcn¡m\pambn Øm]n¡p¶Xv ssZht¯mSp sN¿p¶ ISp¯ A\oXnbmWv; AXpsImWvSpXs¶ A£´hyamb A]cm[hpw. 3. ssZhs¯ Bcm[nt¡WvSXv F§s\bmsW¶v ]dtbWvSXv ssZhamWv. hn{Kltam {]XnaItfm {]XnjvTItfm Øm]n¨mWv Xs¶ Bcm[nt¡WvSsX¶v ssZhw ]dªn«nÃ. A¯csamcp Bcm[\mcoXn ]Tn¸n¨n«panÃ. F¶Ã, hn{Kl§tfm {]XnjvTItfm Øm]n¨v Bcm[\ \S¯cpsX¶v IWniambn IÂ]n¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pWvSv. 4. km£m ssZhs¯bÃmsX hnfn¨p {]mÀYn¡p¶Xpw Bcm[n¡p¶Xpw AcpXm¯XmsW¶v Ckvemans\t¸mse lnµpaXhpw ]Tn¸n¡p¶pWvSv. hn{Klmcm[\ _lpssZhmcm[\bsæn A\ymcm[\sb hnaÀint¡WvSXnÃtÃm. OtµmtKym]\nj¯n C§s\ ImWmw: ""HmantXyXZ£capZvKoYap]mkoX'' (HmwImcw bmsXmcphsâ \mat[bamtWm, bmsXmcph³ Hcn¡epw \in¡bnÃtbm Ahs\bmWv D]mknt¡WvSXv; asämcphs\bÃ.)

hnJymXamb sslµhkvtXm{X¯nen§s\ ImWmw: ""XztaIw hcWyw XztaIw icWyw XztaIw PKXvImcWw hnizcq]w'' (\ns¶ am{Xw R§Ä Bcm[n¡p¶p. \nt¶mSpam{Xw R§Ä icWw tXSp¶p. temtImev]¯n¡p ImcWw \o Xs¶. \o hnizcq]w.) tizXmizXtcm]\nj¯nen§s\ ImWmw: ""XaoizcmWmw ]caw atlizcw Xw tZhXm\mw ]caw N ssZhXw ]Xnw ]Xo\mw ]caw ]ckvXmXv hnZma tZhw `pht\iaoUyw'' (6þ7) (AXv FÃm Cuizc·mcpsSbpw alm\mb imkI\pw kÀh tZh·mÀ¡pw ]camcm[y\pw kakvX ]XnIfpsSbpw ]Xnbpw [ kwc£I³ ] kakvX {_ÒmÞ\mbI\pw BIp¶p. kvXpXyÀl\pw {]Imi kzcq]\pamb AXv kÀh¯n\pw AXoXamsW¶v \mw a\Ênem¡p¶p.) KoXbnen§s\ ImWmw: bm´n tZh{]Xm tZhm\v ]nXr\v bm´n ]nXr {hXmx `qXm\n bm´n `qtX Pymbm´n aZvbmPnt\m f lamw. (tZh·msc D]mkn¡p¶hÀ tZh·msc {]m]n¡p¶p. ]nXr¡sf Bcm[n¡p¶hÀ ]nXr¡sf AWbp¶p. `qX§sf D]mkn¡p¶hÀ `qX§fnse¯p¶p. F¶m Fs¶ D]mkn¡p¶hÀ Fs¶ {]m]n¡p¶p.) (D²cWw: hnZyhmNmkv]Xn hn. ]t\mfn, "{ioi¦cZÀi\w', ]pdw 91) kzman Zbm\µ kckzXn FgpXp¶p: ""kvXpXn, {]mÀY\, D]mk\ F¶nhsbÃmw t{ijvT\mbn«pÅh\p am{Xta sN¿s¸SmdpÅq. KpWw, IÀaw, kz`mhw, kXyhyhlmcw F¶o hnjb§fn asäÃmhsc¡mfpw D¡Àjw BÀ¡ptWvSm Ahs\bmWv t{ijvT³ F¶p ]dtbWvSXv. BÀ t{ijvT·mcn h¨v t{ijvT\mIp¶pthm Ahs\ ]ctaizc³ F¶p ]dbp¶p. asämcpht\bpaÃ. Ah\v Xpey\mbn«v Hcph³ CXn\p ap¼v DWvSmbn«nÃ. Ct¸mÄ CÃ. C\nta DWvSmhpIbpanÃ. A§s\bncns¡ Ahs\¡mÄ DÂIrjvS\mbn Hcph³ DWvSmIp¶Xv F§s\? kXyw, \ymbw, Zb, kÀhIÀakmaÀYyw, kÀhÚXzw apXemb AkwJyw KpW§Ä Ah¶pÅXpt]mse asämcp PU]ZmÀY¯nt\m Pohmßmhnt\m CÃ. kXykzcq]ambn hnf§p¶ hkvXphnsâ KpWIÀa kz`mh§fpw kXy§fmbn¯s¶bncn¡pw. AXn\m a\pjyscÃmw ]ctaizcs\bmWv kvXpXn¡pIbpw {]mÀYn¡pIbpw D]mkn¡pIbpw sNt¿WvSXv. asämcphs\bpaÃ. {_Òmhv, hnjvWp, inh³ F¶ t]tcmSp IqSnb ]pcmX\·mcmb hnZzm·mcpw ssZXy·mÀ, Zm\h·mÀ XpS§nb \nIrjvS a\pjycpw aäpÅ km[mcW a\pjycpw ]ctaizc\n ]qÀWhnizmkt¯mSpIqSn At±ls¯¯s¶bmWv kvXpXn¡pIbpw {]mÀYn¡pIbpw D]mkn¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶Xv. thsdmcphs\bÃ. AXpsImWvSv \½sfÃmhcpw A{]Imcw sN¿p¶XmWpNnXambn«pÅXv''(kXymÀY{]Imiw, ]pdw 12,13).

{_Òmhv, hnjvWp, inh³ F¶nhsct¸mepw kvXpXn¡pItbm {]mÀYn¡pItbm D]mkn¡pItbm sN¿cpsX¶mWtÃm CXnsâbÀYw. C¡mcyw {io hmKv`Sm\µ Kpcphpw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. (hmKv`Sm\µsâ k¼qÀW IrXnIÄ. H¶mw ]Xn¸v, amXr`qan {]nânwKv Bâv ]»njnwKv I¼\n enanäUv. ]pdw 357þ359). {_Òm\µ kzman inhtbmKn hknjvT\nÂ\n¶v D²cn¡p¶p: \«IssÃss¯hsa³dp \mep ]pjv]w NmÀ¯pcnÀ Npänh´psamW³dp sNmÃpa´ncsaX¡tSm \«pIÃp t]bptam \mXXpÅncp¡bn Np«N«nN«pIw Idn¨psshbdnbptam (Hcp IÃns\ {]XnjvTn¡p¶p. AXn Cuizc `mh\tbmSp IqSn ]qPn¡p¶p. AXns\ {]Z£nWw sh¡p¶p. a{´w P]n¡p¶p. B {]XnjvTn¨ IÃp tIÄ¡ptam? Idnsh¡p¶ N«ntbm Idnbnf¡p¶ N«pItam, IdnbpsS cks¯ Adnbptam?) (hn{Klmcm[\m JÞ\w, ]pdw 7) 5. km[mcW¡mÀ¡v Bcm[n¡m³ hn{Klw thWsa¶ hmZs¯ {_Òm\µkzman inhtbmKn C§s\ JÞn¡p¶p: ""Ip«nIÄ¡v sNdnb Ip¸mbw thWw. henb Ip¸mbw ]äpIbnÃ. A{]Imcw Aev]_p²nIÄ¡v hn{Klmcm[\ thWw. {_Ò[ym\¯n\v IgnbpIbnÃ' F¶v hmZn¡p¶p. CXv "Ip«nIÄ¡v Im×m³ Hcp sNdnb kqcy³ thWw. henb kqcysâ shfn¨w t\m¡nbm ImWpIbnÃ' F¶p ]dbp¶t]mse Akw_ÔamIp¶p.''(hn{Klmcm[\mJÞ\w) 6. hn{Klmcm[Icmb alm`qcn]£hpw hn{Kl§Ä¡v {]tXyIamb ]pWyhpw ZnhyXzhpw IÂ]n¡p¶hcmWv. BcpsS {]XnjvTbmtWm, AhcpsS ssNX\yw AXn Bhmln¡s¸«XmbmWv hn{Klmcm[IcpsS hnizmkw. adn¨v, {i² tI{µoIcn¡m³ am{Xambncps¶¦n ap¶n Fs´¦nepsam¶v h¨m aXnbtÃm. F¶p am{XaÃ, \nehnepÅ hn{Klw amän aäp hÃXpw h¨m FXnÀ¡s¸SpIbpanÃ. F¶m X§fmcm[n¡p¶ hn{Kls¯ amäp¶Xv hnizmknIÄ¡v k¦Â]n¡pI t]mepw km[yaÃ. AXn\m hn{Klw ssZhs¯ HmÀ¡m\pw {i² tI{µoIcn¡m\pw am{XamsW¶ hmZw hkvXp\njvTaÃ. AXv _lpssZhmcm[\ Xs¶bmWv. AXn\memWv OtµmtKym]\nj¯n\pw kzman Zbm\µ kckzXn¡pw hmKv`Sm\µKpcphn\psaÃmw A\yssZhmcm[\sb FXnÀt¡WvSnh¶Xv. 7. ssZhw AZznXob\pw AXpey\pw AkZri\pamsW¶v FÃm aX§fpw ]dbp¶p. ssZhs¯ kw_Ôn¨v C¶Xpt]mse F¶pt]mepw ]dbpI km[yaÃ. AtXmsSm¸w a\pjysâ I®pw a\Êpw FhnsSbmtWm tI{µoIcn¡p¶Xv AXnsâ {]Xncq]amWv a\Ên ]XnbpI. hn{Klmcm[Isâ a\Ên hn{Kl¯nsâ {]Xn_nw_amWv Øm\w ]nSn¡pI. AXn\m Bcm[Isâ a\Ên ssZh¯n\p ]Icw hn{KlamWv Øm\w ]nSn¡pI. A§s\ ssZh¯nsâ Øm\w hn{Klw ssIbS¡p¶p. 8. Bcm[yt\mSpÅ BXy´nIamb BZchn\m Bcm[I³ ]caamb hn\bt¯msS \nÀhln¡p¶ IÀaamWtÃm Bcm[\. krjvSnIfn t{ijvT\mb a\pjy³ AXv Xs¶t¸mepÅhÀt¡m Xt¶¡mÄ XmsgbpÅhbvt¡m AÀ¸n¡p¶Xv Xsâ alnXamb ]Zhn¡pw am\yX¡pw \nc¡p¶XÃ. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ ssZthXcÀ¡pÅ Bcm[\ kz´t¯mSpÅ AXn{Iaw IqSnbmbmWv Ckvemw ImWp¶Xv. kÀthm]cn, kzman Zbm\µ kckzXn hyàam¡nbt]mse ]caamb BZchv AÀ¸nt¡WvSXv AXÀln¡p¶h¶mWv. t{ijvTXbnepw alXz¯nepw Úm\¯nepw iànbnepw ]qÀWXbpÅh³ ssZhw am{XamWv. AXn\m Ah³ am{Xta Bcm[\ AÀln¡p¶pÅq. AXh\pam{Xw AhImis¸«XpamWv. ssZh¯n\p am{Xw AhImis¸«Xv aäpÅhÀ¡v \ÂI ssZhlnX¯ns\Xncpw

Ahsb ssZh¯nsâ Øm\¯v Ahtcm[n¡epamWv. hn{Klmcm[\ sImSnb ]m]amIm\pÅ ImcWhpw AXpXs¶.

kzÀKþ\cI hnizmkhpw NqjWhyhØbpw ""Zcn{Zcpw NqjnXcpamb km[mcW¡msc kzÀKw ]dªv kamizkn¸n¡pIbpw AhcpsS kacmthis¯ sISp¯pIbpatà aXw sN¿p¶Xv? k¼¶ hÀK¯nsâ XmÂ]cy kwc£W¯n\tà aXw kzÀKþ \cI§sf¡pdn¨v kwkmcn¡p¶Xv?'' aXs¯ kw_Ôn¨v hfsc hym]Iambn hfÀ¯s¸« hnIe [mcWIfmWv C¯cw kwib§Ä¡p ImcWw. aÀZnXcpsSbpw NqjnXcpsSbpw tamN\amÀKamb aXs¯ kw_Ôn¨v C¯cw KpcpXcamb sXäp[mcWIÄ hfÀ¶ph¶Xn hnizmknIfpw hncp²cpw Hcpt]mse Ipä¡mcmWv. kzÀKþ\cI§fnepÅ hnizmkw kIehn[ NqjW§Ä¡pw AdpXnhcp¯n, kmaqlnI kaXzhpw km¼¯nI \oXnbpw Øm]n¡pIbmWv sN¿pI. hnip² JpÀBsâ km¼¯nI kao]\w {i²n¡p¶ BÀ¡panXv kpXcmw hyàamIpw. 1. CkvemanI ho£W¯n [\w ssZh¯ntâXmWv. a\pjycnemÀ¡pw AXnsâ ta ]cahpw ]qÀWhpamb DSamhImianÃ. ssIImcymhImitabpÅq. AXpw A\nb{´nXaÃ. IWniamb ssZhnIimk\IÄ¡v hnt[bamWv. k¼¶ hn`mK¯nsâ hiapÅ kz¯n Zcn{ZÀ¡pw AKXnIÄ¡pw AhImiapsWvS¶v JpÀB³ AkµnKv[ambn {]Jym]n¡p¶p. am{XaÃ; B AhImiw \ntj[n¡Â ssZh\ntj[w t]mse KpcpXcamsW¶pw XnIª aX\ntj[amsW¶pw AXv ]Tn¸n¡p¶p. \cIin£¡p ImcWamIp¶ IpäIrXy§sfsbms¡ cWvSmbn kw{Kln¨m AXnsem¶v AKXn¡v Blmcw \ÂIm³ t{]cn¸n¡mXncn¡emsW¶v aXw ]Tn¸n¡p¶p. AÃmlp Adnbn¡p¶p: ""IÀa]pkvXIw CSXpssIbn \ÂIs¸Sp¶h³ ]dbpw: "IjvSw! F\ns¡sâ IÀa]pkvXIw In«mXncps¶¦nÂ! Fsâ IW¡v Fs´¶v Rm³ Adnªncp¶nsænÂ! acWt¯msS FÃmw Ahkm\n¨ncps¶¦nÂ! Fsâ [\sa\n¡v H«pw {]tbmP\s¸«nÃ. Fsâ A[nImcsams¡bpw \in¨pt]mbn.' At¸mÄ ssZhimk\bpWvSmIpw: Ahs\ ]nSn¡q. N§ebn Ipcp¡nbnSq! F¶n«v \cI¯ntes¡dnbq. ]ns¶ Fgp]Xp apgw \ofapÅ N§ebn _Ôn¡q. ImcWw, Ah³ atlm¶X\mb AÃmlphn hnizkn¨ncp¶nÃ. AKXnIfpsS BlmcahÀ¡p \ÂIm³ t{]cn¸n¨ncp¶nÃ. AXn\m C¶nhnsS Aht\mS\p`mhapÅ Hcp an{XhpanÃ. {hW§fpsS ZpjvSpIfÃmsX Ah¶v HcmlmchpanÃ. ]m]nIÄ am{Xta AXv `£n¡pIbpÅq''(A[ymbw 69, kqàw 25þ37). \cImhIminIÄ Ipäw Gäp]dbpt¼mgpw X§fpsS ZpxØnXn¡v ImcWambn F®p¶Xv AKXnIÄ¡v Blmcw \ÂImXncp¶Xs{X. ""Hmtcm a\pjy\pw Xm³ k¼mZn¨Xn\p ISs¸«ncn¡p¶p. heXp]£samgnsI. AhÀ kzÀKmhIminIfmbncn¡pw. AhÀ IpähmfnItfmSv tNmZn¡pw: \n§Ä \cI¯n {]thin¡m³ ImcWsa´mWv? AhÀ ]dbpw: R§Ä \akvIcn¡p¶hcmbncp¶nÃ. AKXnIÄ¡v A¶w \ÂInbncp¶nÃ. kXy¯ns\Xnsc hmZ§Ä sa\bp¶htcmsSm¸w R§fpw AXv sN¿mdpWvSmbncp¶p. hn[nZn\s¯ \ntj[n¡p¶hcmbncp¶p R§Ä. A§s\ B A\ntj[y bmYmÀYyw R§Ä t\cn«\p`hn¨p.''(A[ymbw 74, kqàw 38þ47). {]nbapÅhtc C\n ]dbq! Cu kzÀKþ\cI hnizmkw Zcn{ZÀ¡pw AKXnIÄ¡pw KpWamtWm tZmjamtWm hcp¯pI? km¼¯nI A\oXn \ne\nÀ¯pIbmtWm AtXm Ahkm\n¸n¡pIbmtWm sN¿pI? JpÀB³ ]ns¶bpw ]dbp¶p: ""AhcpsS [\¯n tNmZn¡p¶h¶pw B{ibaäh¶pw AhImiapWvSv''(A[ymbw 51, kqàw 19). ""_Ôphn\pw Zcn{Z¶pw hgnbm{X¡mc¶pw AhcpsS AhImiw \ÂIpI.''(A[ymbw 17, kqàw 26).

""aXs¯ \ntj[n¡p¶hs\ \o IWvSpthm? Ah³ A\mYsc AhKWn¡p¶h\mWv; AKXn¡v Blmcw sImSp¡m³ t{]cn¸n¡m¯h\pw''(A[ymbw 107, kqàw 1þ3). Cu hnip² hN\§fn hnizkn¡p¶hÀ A\mYsc AhKWn¡pItbm AKXnIÄ¡pw Zcn{ZÀ¡pw AhcpsS AhImiw \ntj[n¡pItbm Csöv {]tXyIw ]dtbWvSXnÃtÃm. 2. [\w hybw sN¿msX tiJcn¨p hbv¡p¶hÀ¡v acWtijw sImSnb in£bpWvSmIpsa¶v Xm¡oXp sN¿p¶ JpÀB³, k¼¯v [\nI hÀK¯n\nSbn am{Xw Id§p¶ AhØ DWvSmhcpsX¶v Bhiys¸Sp¶p. AtXmsSm¸w AXncphn« ]Ws¡mXnsb cq£ambn Bt£]n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p: ""\nÝbw, a\pjysâ [\s¡mXn ITn\w Xs¶''(A[ymbw 100, kqàw 8). ""AÃ! Hcn¡epaÃ! \n§Ä A\mYtcmSv BZcthmsS s]cpamdp¶nÃ. AKXnIÄ¡v A¶w \ÂIm³ ]ckv]cw t{]cn¸n¡p¶panÃ. ss]XrIkzs¯ms¡bpw tiJcn¨ph¨p Xn¶pIbmWv. \n§Ä hjfmwhn[w [\t{]a¯neIs¸«ncn¡p¶p'' (A[ymbw 89, kqàw 17þ20). ""k¼¯v \n§Ä¡nSbnse [\nIhn`mK¯n\nSbn am{Xw ssIbmfs¸Sp¶ H¶mhmXncn¡m³ thWvSnbmWnXv'' (59 : 7). ""kzÀWhpw shÅnbpw tiJcn¨phbv¡pIbpw F¶n«Xv ssZhamÀK¯n sNehgn¡mXncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶hÀ¡v thZ\mP\Iamb in£bpsWvS¶ hmÀ¯ Ahsc Adnbn¡pI. AtX kzÀWhpw shÅnbpw \cImánbn ]gp¸n¡pIbpw A\´cw AXpsImWvSv AhcpsS s\änIfpw ]mÀiz§fpw apXpIpIfpw NqSphbv¡s¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶ Hcp Zn\w hcp¶pWvSv'' (9: 34, 35). CÆn[w c£min£Ifn hnizkn¡p¶hÀ [\w Ip¶pIq«n hbv¡pIbnsöpw ssZhamÀK¯n Zcn{ZÀ¡Xv \nÀtem`w \ÂIpsa¶pw {]tXyIw ]dtbWvSXnÃtÃm. 3. [\w sNehgn¡p¶hÀ am{XamWv hnizmknIfpw kzÀKmhIminIfpsa¶v ]Tn¸n¡p¶ ]cnip² JpÀB³ Gähpw ]pWyIcamb ImcyaXmsW¶pw AXn\v At\Ianc«n {]Xn^eapsWvS¶pw ]Tn¸n¡p¶p: ""\n§Ä ]Ýna Zn¡ntet¡m ]qÀhZn¡ntet¡m apJw Xncn¡pI F¶Xneà ]pWyw. ]ns¶tbm, a\pjy³ AÃmlphnepw A´yZn\¯nepw ae¡pIfnepw thZ¯nepw {]hmNI·mcnepw BßmÀYambn hnizkn¡pIbpw AÃmlpthmSpÅ kvt\l¯nsâ t]cn Xsâ {]nbs¸« [\w _Ôp¡Ä¡pw A\mYÀ¡pw AKXnIÄ¡pw bm{X¡mÀ¡pw klmba`yÀYn¡p¶hÀ¡pw ASnaIsf tamNn¸n¡p¶Xn\pw sNehgn¡pIbpw \akvImcw \ne\nÀ¯pIbpw kIm¯v \ÂIpIbpw sN¿emWv ]pWyw''(2: 177). ""Rm³ [mcmfw [\w Xpe¨pIfªn«psWvS'¶v Ah³ tLmjn¡p¶phtÃm. Xs¶ Bcpw IWvSn«nsömtWm Ahsâ hnNmcw? \mah\v cWvSp I®pIfpw Hcp \mhpw NpWvSnWIfpw \ÂInbntÃ? hyàamb cWvSp hgnIÄ (\·bpsSbpw Xn³abpsSbpw) ImWn¨psImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXntÃ? ]t£, Ah³ ZpÀLSamb amÀKw XmWvSm³ X¿mdmbnÃ. B ZpÀLSamb amÀKw GsX¶v Xm¦Ä¡v F´dnbmw? ASnasb tamNn¸n¡pI, Asæn ]«nWn\mfn _Ôphmb A\mYt¡m Ahi\mb AKXnt¡m Blmcw \ÂIpI; ]ns¶bh³ hnizmkw kzoIcn¨hcpw £abpw ImcpWyhpw At\ym\yw D]tZin¡p¶hcpamb P\¯n DÄs¸SpIbpw sN¿pI; ChsbÃmamWXv'' (90: 7þ17). ""\n§Ä¡v Gsd {]nb¦camb hkvXp¡sft´m AXv sNehgn¡msX ]pWyw t\SpI km[yaÃ. \n§Ä sNehgn¡p¶sX´pw kq£vaambn Adnbp¶h\mIp¶p AÃmlp'' (3: 92).

Cu hnip² hmIy§fwKoIcn¡p¶hÀ Zcn{ZÀ¡pÅ [\hyb¯nsem«pw ]nip¡p Im«pIbnsöpw ]mhs¸«hcpsS {]bmk§fIäp¶Xn \nXm´ Pm{KX ]peÀ¯psa¶Xnepw kwibanÃ. 4. Ckvemw NqjW¯nsâ FÃm hgnIfpw sIm«nbS¡p¶p. kaql¯n\v lm\nIcamb k¼mZyamÀK§sf IWniambn hne¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""Iům¸pImÀ¡v sImSnb \miw! BfpItfmSv Afs¶Sp¡pt¼mÄ XnI¨phm§pIbpw Aft¶m Xq¡ntbm sImSp¡pt¼mÄ Ipdhp hcp¯pIbpw sN¿pI F¶Xs{X AhcpsS kz`mhw. Hcp ITn\\mfn X§Ä DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â]n¨v sImWvSphcs¸Sp¶hcmsW¶v Cu P\w a\Ênem¡p¶nÃtbm? A¶mfn a\pjyscms¡bpw temI\mYsâ k¶n[nbn h¶p\nÂt¡WvSn hcpw'' (83: 1þ6). ""]eni `pPn¡p¶htcm, AhcpsS KXn ]nimNv _m[n¨v {`m´v ]nSn¨htâXpt]msebmWv.'' (2: 275). ]eni h³ ]m]amsW¶pw AXp Xn¶p¶hÀ \cImhIminIfmsW¶pw Ckvemw ]Tn¸n¡p¶p. NqXm«w t]mepÅ km¼¯nI NqjWs¯bpw AXv iànbmbn hne¡nbn«pWvSv. {]hmNI³ Xncpta\n ]dbp¶p: "" BÀ h©\ \S¯ntbm AhÀ \½psS Iq«¯n s]«h\Ã'' (AlvaZv, XnÀanZn). ""]qgv¯nh¨h³ ]m]nbmWv'' (apkvenw, A_qZmhqZv). ""sXmgnemfnsbs¡mWvSv thesbSp¸n¨v IqensImSp¡m¯hcpsS i{Xphmbncn¡pw A´y\mfn AÃmlp'' (_pJmcn). C§s\ km¼¯nI NqjW¯nsâ IhmS§sfÃmw sIm«nbS¡p¶ Ckvemw ]nip¡ns\ cq£ambn Bt£]n¡p¶p. Ahsc _m[n¡m\ncn¡p¶ sImSnb in£sb Ipdn¨v Xm¡oXp\ÂIpIbpw sN¿p¶p: ""AÃmlp \ÂInb A\p{Kl§fn ]nip¡v ImWn¡p¶hÀ, B ]nip¡v X§Ä¡v KpWIcamsW¶v IcpXmXncn¡s«. AÃ, AXhÀ¡v hfsc tZmjIcamIp¶p. X§Ä ]nip¡n k¼mZn¨ph¨sXms¡bpw A´y\mfnehcpsS IWvT¯neWnbn¡s¸Spw. hm\þ`ph\§fpsS A´naamb AhImiw AÃmlphn\v am{XamIp¶p. AÃmlp \n§Ä sNbvXpsImWvSncn¡p¶Xns\ Ipdns¨ms¡bpw A`nÚ\tÃm'' (Bep Cwdm³ 180). 5. aÀZnXscbpw NqjnXscbpw Ahc\p`hn¡p¶ ZpcnXmhØbn hnSm\à aXamhiys¸Sp¶Xv. adn¨v, AhcpsS c£¡pw tamN\¯n\pambn bXv\n¡m\pw s]mcpXm\pamWv. JpÀB³ tNmZn¡p¶p: ""]oUnXcpw ASn¨aÀ¯s¸«hcpamb kv{Xoþ ]pcpj·mÀ¡p thWvSn \n§Ä AÃmlphnsâ amÀK¯n kacw sN¿mXncn¡p¶Xn\v F´pWvSv \ymbw? B P\tam, ]dªpsImtWvSbncn¡p¶p: "\mYm, aÀZIcmb \nhmknIfpsS Cu ]«W¯nÂ\n¶v R§sf \o tamNn¸nt¡Wta. \nsâ ]¡Â\n¶v R§Ä¡v Hcp c£Is\ \nÝbn¨p XtcWta! \o R§Ä¡v Hcp klmbnsbbpw DWvSm¡n¯tcWta!'' (3: 75). {]hmNI³ ]dbp¶p: ""hn[h¡pw AKXn¡pw thWvSn A[zm\n¡p¶h³ AÃmlphnsâ amÀK¯n s]mcpXp¶hs\t¸msebmWv'' (_pJmcn). ""FÃm ImepIfpw sX¶n \cI¯n ]Xn¡p¶ Znhkw. aÀZnXt\msSm¯p\n¶v Ahsâ AhImiw t\Sns¡mSp¯hsâ CcpImepIfpw ]XdmsX Dd¨p\n¡pw.'' aXhpw AX\pimkn¡p¶ kzÀKþ\cI hnizmkhpw FÃmhn[ NqjW§Ä¡padpXn hcp¯n km¼¯nI \oXnbpw kmaqlnI kaXzhpw Øm]n¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶sX¶v Cu hkvXpXIsfms¡bpw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p. aX¯nsâ \ntbmKw aÀZnXcpsS tamN\ambXn\memWv, Ncn{X¯nse¶pw FhnsSbpw {]hmNI·mcpsSbpw

AhcpsS ]mX ]n´pSÀ¶ aX{]t_m[IcpsSbpw {]hÀ¯IcpsSbpw apJy {]XntbmKnIÄ ]W¡mcpw {]amWnamcpw aÀZIcmb A[nImcnIfpambXv. aÀZIcpsSbpw NqjIcpsSbpw aS¡w \cI¯nte¡msW¶pw kpa\ÊpIÄ¡pw kpIÀanIÄ¡pw am{Xta kzÀKw e`n¡pIbpÅqsh¶pw ]Tn¸n¡p¶ aXhnizmkw NqjWhyhØ¡v AdpXn hcp¯pIbmWv, AXns\ Xm§n\nÀ¯pIbà sN¿pIsb¶Xv ]IÂshfn¨w t]mse {]ISas{X.

a\Êm£nbpw Znhyt_m[\hpw ""a\pjysâ amÀKZÀi\¯n\v Znhyktµiw A\nhmcyamsW¶ hmZw icnbmtWm? Hmtcmcp¯cpw X§fpsS a\Êm£n¡\pkcn¨v Pohn¨m t]mtc? a\Êm£n al¯msbmcp kn²nXs¶. F¶m F´mWo a\Êm£n? FÃmhcpsSbpw a\Êm£n Hcpt]msebmtWm? AXnsâ Xocpam\w Ft¸mgpw FÃmhcnepw Htc hn[amIptam? AXv IpäaäXmsW¶v Bsc¦nepw AhImis¸Sptam? CsXms¡bpw ]cntim[n¡s¸tSWvS {]iv\§fmWv. P\n¨ IpSpw_kmlNcyhpw Pohn¡p¶ ]cnXxØnXnbpw ]n´pScp¶ ]mc¼cyhpw a\Êm£nsb AKm[ambn kzm[o\n¡p¶p. tZiobhpw hwiobhpw ImenIhpw PmXobhpw kmaqlnIhpw km¼¯nIhpamb AhØm´c§Ä AXnsâ Xocpam\§sf hfsctbsd _m[n¡pw. FÃmhcpsSbpw hnNmctijnbpw ssienbpw Htct]msebÃ. a\pjyÀ `n¶ {]IrXcmWv; hyXykvX hn`mK§fpw. AhcpsS XmÂ]cy§fpw hnhn[§fmWv. sshÚm\nIhpw _p²n]chpamb \nehmc¯nepw {]ISamb Gä¡pdhpIfpWvSv. Hmtcmcp¯cpw X§fpsS Xe¯nepw \nehmc¯nepw \n¶psImWvSmWv Imcy§Ä t\m¡n¡mWpI. FÃmhcpw Htct]mse Nn´n¡pI km[ytabÃ. AXn\m ho£WhyXymkw A\nhmcyas{X. kuµcyw Bt]£nIamWv. hyànIfpsS A\p`qXnsshhn[yamWv AXn\p ImcWw. NneÀ¡v NneXv kpµcw. AhXs¶ aäp NneÀ¡v hncq]w. A`ncpNnIfnepw Cu A´cw {]ISamWv. NneÀ¡v NneXnt\mSnjvSw. AhtbmSpXs¶ thsd NneÀ¡v shdp¸v. \·Xn·Ifpw Cu hn[w BImtam? hyànIfpsS A`ncpNns¡m¯v Ah hyXymks¸Smtam? AXkm[yas{X. \· F¶pw FhnsSbpw \· Xs¶; Xn· Xn·bpw. adn¨mbm a\pjycmin¡v aqeyt_m[anÃmXmhpw. \·Xn·mhnthN\w hyÀYamIpw. A§s\ kaqlw AcmPIXz¯n\Sns¸Spw. kmaqlnImhØIÄ¡pw km¼¯nI LS\IÄ¡pa\pkcn¨v amdnhcmhp¶Xà \·Xn·IÄ. A§s\ hmZn¡p¶Xv ^e¯n AhbpsS \ncmk¯nte¡mWv \bn¡pI. "\·sb¶Xv Hcp t]cv am{XamsW'¶ \nt¡mtfm amIyhÃnbpsS ho£Whpw, "\·sb¶Xv shdpsamcp sI«pIYbmsW'¶ gm³ t]mÄ kmÀs{XbpsS hmZhpsams¡ CXmWv sXfnbn¡p¶Xv. \·Xn·IÄ ImeþtZiþhÀKþhÀWþPmXnþenwK t`Z§Ä¡XoXambn kpØnchpw imizXhpambncn¡Ww. a\pjya\Êm£ntbm kmaqlnImhØtbm km¼¯nI LS\tbm tZiob kmlNcytam ImenI XmÂ]cytam BWv Ah \nÝbn¡p¶sX¦n AXkm[yambncn¡pw. AXn\m \·Xn·IfpsStbm \ymbm\ymb§fpsStbm am\ZÞhpw Ahew_hpamIm³ a\ptjyOIÄt¡m a\Êm£nt¡m km[yaÃ. ]£]mXclnXamb a\Êm£nbnÃ. AXns\mcn¡epw A{]amZnXzw AhImis¸SpI km[yhpaÃ. ^e¯n a\Êm£n¡\pkcn¨v Pohn¡p¶h\pw tZtlObv¡Sns¸«h\pw X½n A´csam«panÃ. kz´w tNmZ\bv¡\pkcn¨v Ncn¡p¶hcmWhÀ. \·bpw Xn·bpw \nÝbn¡p¶Xv FÃm Imes¯bpw tZis¯bpw apgph³ a\pjycpsSbpw {kjvSmhmb ssZhambncn¡Ww. Ah\Xv hyàambn hnthNn¡pIbpw \nÀWbn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pWvSv. AXn\m \·bpw Xn·bpw

icnbpw sXäpw ssZh\nÝnXamWv. ImemXoXhpw tZimXoXhpamWv; A\izchpw. a\pjycmin¡v Ah Adnbm\pÅ GI amÀKw {]hmNI·mÀ¡v e`yamb Znhyt_m[\w am{Xas{X. Xm³ BcmWv? FhnsS\n¶v h¶p? Ft§m«p t]mIp¶p? F´mWv PohnXw? F´n\pÅXmWv? GXphn[ambncn¡Ww? XpS§nb Imcy§sfm¶pw Znhyshfn]mSpIfpsS shfn¨anÃmsX BÀ¡pw a\Ênem¡pI km[yaÃ. AXnkaÀYcmb [njWmimenIfpw KthjIcpw a\pjys\ kw_Ôn¨v ]cam_²§Ä ]dbm\pw {]Ncn¸n¡m\pw ImcWaXs{X. X§fpsS ap¼n {]IminXamb hi§Ä h¨psImWvSp am{Xta GhÀ¡pw Imcy§Ä ImWm³ IgnbpIbpÅq. C¶pw a\pjys\ kw_Ôn¨ A[nI hi§fpw A{]IminX§fmWv. Ahsb¸änbpÅ a\pjysâ At\zjWw Ahkm\n¸n¡mXncn¡m\pÅ ImcWw AXmWtÃm. hnthIimenIfmb hnÚm\ZmlnIÄ Ahs\¡pdn¨v Hmtcm ]pXnb Adnhv e`n¡pt¼mgpw X§fpsS AdnhnÃmbvabpsS Bghpw ]c¸pw a\Ênem¡mdmWv ]Xnhv. NmÄkv UmÀhn\pw knKvaWvSv t{^mbnUpw slKepw amÀIvkpsaÃmw a\pjys\ t\m¡n¡WvSXv hyXykvX cq]¯nemWv. NneÀ X§fpsS At\zjW¯n apgp{i²bpw icoc{]IrXnbnepw cq]`mh§fnepw tI{µoIcn¨p. AXn\m icoc tI{µoIrXamb Nne \nKa\§fnse¯nt¨À¶p. thsd NneÀ tPmenbpsS Xe¯n \n¶hs\ t\m¡n¡WvSp. At¸mÄ sXmgneneqsS ]cnWma hnt[b\mb P´phmbmWv a\pjys\ IWvSXv. Hcp]äw Nn´IcpsS {i² ]XnªXv hbdnemWv. AhÀ AXns\¡pdn¨pÅ BtemN\bn Baácmbn. FÃmäns\bpw AXpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯n. hbdmWv ]ca {][m\sa¶hÀ hmZn¨p. AXns\ ]camh[n hepXm¡pIbpw hnIkn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. hni¸mWv apgp {]iv\§fpsSbpw ASnØm\sa¶v hn[nsbgpXn. AXv ]cnlcn¡s¸«m FÃmw icnbmhpsa¶v AhImis¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. ssewKnIXbneqsS a\pjys\bpw PohnXs¯bpw t\m¡n¡WvShÀ AXmWv kÀh{][m\sa¶v hnizkn¨p. AXn\m Adnbp¶hsbbpw ImWp¶hsbbpw tIÄ¡p¶hsbbpw AXpambn _Ôn¸n¨p. am\h PohnX¯nsâ apgph³ {]hÀ¯\§fpw enwK_²amsW¶v {]Jym]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ssewKnIXbpsS ta GÀs¸Sp¯s¸« \nb{´W§Ä \o§nbm FÃmw t\scbmhpsa¶ \nKa\¯nemWhsc¯nbXv. aäp NneÀ BßobX¡v AanX{]m[m\yw IÂ]n¨p. icocs¯bpw AXnsâ Bhiy§sfbpw AhKWn¨p. AXn\m Znhyktµi¯nsâ A`mh¯n a\pjys\ kw_Ôn¨v ]Tn¡m\pw Adnbm\pw {ian¨hÀ B\sb Adnbm³ {ian¨ AÔ·msct¸msebmWv. A]qÀWhpw A_²PSnehpamb \nKa\§fnemWhsc¯nt¨À¶Xv. a\pjys\Êw_Ôn¨v Adnbm¯hÀ¡v Ahs\§s\ Pohn¡Wsa¶v a\Ênem¡pI km[yaÃ. GXphn[anhnsS IgnbWsa¶v {Kln¡m\mhiyamb auenI [mcWsb¦nepw Xs¶¡pdn¨v Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw A\nhmcyamWv. Znhyktµi¯neqsS am{Xta AXv e`n¡pIbpÅq; e`n¨n«pÅq. a\pjy\v Ahsâ AkvXnXz¯nsâ AÀYhpw e£yhpw \ntbmKhpw A`ykn¸n¨Xv aXamWv. AXv PohnX¯nsâ e£yhpw amÀKhpw \nÀWbn¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p. Znhyt_m[\s¯ Ahew_n¡m¯hsc kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw acWtijw F´v F¶ tNmZyw t]mepw A{]kàamWv. AXn\mehÀ¡v PohnXw P\\t¯msS Bcw`n¨v acWt¯msS Ahkm\n¡p¶ H¶p am{XamWv. Cu ho£Ww PohnXe£ys¯bpw amÀKs¯bpw AKm[ambn _m[n¡p¶p. FÃm PohnXhr¯nIsfbpw kmcambn kzm[o\n¡p¶p. F¶m ssZhnIktµiw adptemIs¯¡pdn¨v kwkmcn¡p¶p. acWm\´c PohnXamWv aÀa{][m\sa¶v {]Jym]n¡p¶p. Cu temIw IÀacwKamsW¶pw hnNmcWbpw hn[nbpw {]Xn^ehpw ]ctemI¯psh¨msW¶pw Du¶n¸dbp¶p. Cu hnizmk¯nsâ A`mh¯n `qanbn k^eamhm¯ k¡Àa§Ä \ncÀYIambncn¡pw. F¶m IÀa§sf AhbpsS `uXnI^ew am{Xw t\m¡n hnebncp¯p¶Xv icnbmb kao]\aÃ. Hgp¡nÂs]« ]n©pss]Xens\ c£n¡m³ ]pgbnte¡v FSp¯pNmSp¶ a\pjy³ ]camh[n {ian¨n«pw ]cmPnX\mhp¶psh¦n AXpsImWvSpam{Xw AbmfpsS A[zm\w AtbmKytam A\mZcWobtam Bhp¶nÃ. {]Xy£¯nÂ

{]tbmP\clnXambn tXm¶p¶ Cu XymKw Hcp ]cmPnX{iaamWv. ]t£, AXn AXypZm¯amb aqeyw F¼mSpapWvSv. AYhm, Ipªns\ c£n¡m\pÅ {ia¯n AbmÄ {]hml¯nÂs]«v ]ctemIw {]m]n¨m AXnsâ {]Xy£^ew HcmÄ¡p ]Icw cWvSmfpsS acWamWv. `uXnI ho£W¯n h³\jvSamWv. F¶m bYmÀY¯neXv {]iwkmÀlamb hocarXyphs{X. acWt¯msS FÃmw Ahkm\n¡psa¦n BZÀi§Ä¡p thWvSnbpÅ BßXymKw AÀYiq\yambncn¡pw. \oXn¡pthWvSnbpÅ ]cmPnXamb t]mcm«w \ÂIp¶ \nÀhrXn Cu temIhpambn _Ôs¸«XÃ. acWw FÃmänsâbpw A´ysa¦n hoc\mbIsâ XymKw h¦¯amWv. AYhm, \maXv \njv^easöv hn[nsbgpXp¶psh¦n AXv asämcp temIs¯¡pdn¨pÅ t_m[¯nsâ ^eamWv. kXy¯nsâbpw \·bpsSbpw `mK¯p\n¡pIbpw tXm¡pIbpw sNbvX hoc\mbIsâ {]hr¯n \ymboIcn¡s¸SpIbpw hninjvSsa¶v hmgv¯s¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶psh¦n AXv ]ctemIs¯¡pdn¨ GtXm hn[ [mcWbpsS ^eamWv. kw`hKXnIfpsS hnebncp¯epIfn AXv A´À[mcbmbn hÀ¯n¡pIbpw Bg¯n kzm[o\w sNep¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p. Znhyt_m[\¯nsâ kzm[o\¯nÂ\n¶v XoÀ¯pw apàamb a\pjya\Êm£n¡v XymK¯nsâ hnebdnbpIbnÃ. KWnXimkv{X Xe¯nse em`tNX§Ä¡\pkrXambÃmsX Fs´¦nepw Xocpam\§sfSp¡mt\m Imcy§Ä sN¿mt\m AXv A\phZn¡pIbpanÃ. Znhyktµi§fpsS A`mh¯n a\pjy\v Xs¶¡pdns¨¶ t]mse Xsâ {kjvSmhns\ kw_Ôn¨pw H¶padnbpIbnÃ. ]nXmhv Pohn¨ncn¡pIbpw Xt¶msSm¸apWvSmbncn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pw kz´w ]nXmhns\ Adnbm¯ ]p{Xs\¡mÄ At\IaS§v \nÀ`mKyhm\mWv Xsâ {kjvSmhns\¸än Adnbm¯ a\pjy³. ssZhs¯ kw_Ôn¨ AÚX Ah³ \ÂInb PohnXhyhØsb kw_Ôn¨ AdnhnÃmbva¡pw AXphgn \nXy\mi¯n\pw \nan¯amIp¶p. imkv{Xw F{Xsbms¡ ]ptcmKXn {]m]n¡pIbpw kmt¦XnIhnZy kar²amhpIbpw hnÚm\w hnIkn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«psWvS¦nepw a\pjy\n¶pw kz´s¯ kw_Ôns¨¶ t]mse Xm³ Pohn¡p¶ temIs¯¡pdn¨pw XoÀ¯pw AÚ\mWv. ]pXpXmbn In«p¶ Hmtcm Adnhpw AÚXbpsS Bgadnbm\mWv klmbIambn¯ocp¶Xv. Xs¶bpw Xm³ Pohn¡p¶ temIs¯bpw Ipdn¨dnbmsX ChnsS hnPbIchpw kzØhpw kam[m\ \ncXhpamb PohnXw \bn¡pI km[yaÃ. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ tIhe a\Êm£n¡v PohnX¯nsâ amÀKZÀiI\mIm\mhnÃ. kzmÀYXbnÂ\n¶v XoÀ¯pw apàamb BcpanÃ. kaql¯n\mhiyamb \nba§fpw hyhØIfpw Nn«Ifpw N«§fpsams¡ \nÝbn¡p¶Xv ]pcpj·mcmsW¦n AhcpsS XmÂ]cy§Ä¡v {]mapJyw IÂ]n¡s¸Sp¶p. kv{XoIfmsW¦n adn¨pw. Idp¯h\pWvSm¡p¶ \nba§fpw hyhØIfpw Ah\v A\pIqeambncn¡pw. X§fpsS XmÂ]cy§Ä¡v IqSpX ]cnKW\ \ÂImXncn¡m³ shfp¯hÀ¡v km[yaÃ. sXmgnemfnþapXemfn hÀK§fpsS ØnXnbpw `n¶aÃ. Hmtcm {]tZi¯pImcpw cmPy¡mcpw X§fpsS XmÂ]cy§Ä¡mWv ap³KW\ \ÂIpI. tZiobXbpsS ASnØm\w Xs¶ AXmWtÃm. \nt¡mtfm amIyhÃn ]dbp¶p: ""\·sb¶Xv Hcp t]cpam{XamWv. bYmÀY¯n Xn·bmWpÅXv. AXn\m Xsâ cmjv{Ss¯ iàns¸Sp¯m\m{Kln¡p¶ GsXmcp `cWm[nImcnbpw Xn· sNt¿WvSsX§s\sb¶v icn¡pw a\Ênem¡Ww.'' shbn³t]mfnsâ ho£Whpw AXpXs¶: ""km·mÀKnI\mb HcmÄ¡v cmjv{Ss¯ \bn¡pI km[yaÃ. ImcWw, cmjv{S¯nsâ c£bv¡p thWvS Imcy§Ä Hcp k·mÀKn¡v sN¿m³ IgnbnÃ. cmPy\·bv¡pthWvSn cmjv{S¯eh³ F´pw F§s\bpw {]hÀ¯n¡m³ X¿mdmhWw. \·þXn·Isf¡pdn¨v hnthN\w \S¯p¶ k·mÀKn¡nXv km[yaÃ.'' GsX¦nepw kz`mh¯nepÅ kzmÀYX H«panÃm¯hcpWvSmInÃ. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ A¯c¡mcpWvSm¡p¶ \nbahyhØIfnepw AXv {]Xn^en¡pw. temIs¯ H¶mbpw, AXnse apgph³ a\pjyscbpw Hcpt]msebpw ImWm³ AhcpsS {kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb ssZh¯n\p am{Xta IgnbpIbpÅq. FÃm tZis¯bpw Imes¯bpw apgph³ a\pjytcmSpw \oXn ]peÀ¯p¶ \nbahyhØ \ÂIm\pw Aht\ km[n¡pIbpÅq. ssZh¯nsâ k·mÀKt_m[\w kzoIcn¡msX tIhe

a\Êm£nb\pkcn¨v BÀ¡panhnsS D¯aPohnXw \bn¡m\mhnsöp ]dbm\pÅ ImcWhpw AXpXs¶. Xsâ ktµihmlIcmb {]hmNI·mcneqsSbmWv ssZhw Cu PohnXhyhØ a\pjycmin¡v kaÀ¸n¨Xv. hyànbpsSbpw IpSpw_¯nsâbpw kaql¯nsâbpw cmjv{S¯nsâbpw temI¯nsâbpw \ne\nÂ]v AXnsâ ASnØm\¯nemhWsa¶v aXamhiys¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶p.

{iocma\pw {ioIrjvW\pw {]hmNI·mcmbncpt¶m? ""ZoÀLImes¯ a\\¯neqsS alma\ojnIÄ¡v e`n¡p¶Xtà ZnhyÚm\w? C¡me¯pw CXv km[yatÃ?'' C{µnb§fm {Kln¡m³ km[n¡p¶tXm a\\¯neqsS a\ÊpIÄ¡v BÀPn¡m³ Ignbp¶tXm Aà Znhyktµiw. B{Klnt¨m {iant¨m e`n¡p¶Xpaà Znhyt_m[\w. FÃmhn[ `uXnI hniIe\§Ä¡pw AXoXhpw AXnkq£vahpamb {]Xn`mkamWXv. kz]v\ZÀi\¯neqsS e`yamIp¶ Adnhv BÀPnXÚm\tam B{Kln¨v e`n¡p¶tXm AÃtÃm. F¶m kz]v\Úm\w icnbmhm\pw sXämhm\pw km[yXbpWvSv. Znhyt_m[\w AXnt\mSp]an¡msa¦nepw {]hmNI·mÀ¡v hs¶¯p¶ Znhyktµiw Hcn¡epw A_²amhpIbnÃ. kIe hn[ {]amZkm[yXIfnÂ\n¶pw apàas{X AXv. {]hmNIXzw ssZh¯nsâ Zm\amWv. Ah³ COn¡p¶hsc Xsâ ZqX·mcmbn sXcsªSp¡p¶p. am\h kaql¯nsâ amÀKZÀi\¯n\mbn Ahsc \ntbmKn¡p¶p. AXn a\ptjyOt¡m A[zm\]cn{ia§Ät¡m Hcp ]¦panÃ. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""\n\¡v thZw \ÂIs¸Spsa¶v \osbm«pw {]Xo£n¨ncp¶nÃ. CXv \nsâ \mY\nÂ\n¶pÅ A\p{Klw sImWvSpam{Xas{X. AXn\m \o kXy\ntj[nIfpsS klmbnbmhcpXv''(28: 86). ""AXv AÃmlphnsâ A\p{KlamIp¶p. Ah³ COn¡p¶hÀ¡v Ah\Xv \ÂIp¶p.''(62: 44) F´mWv Znhyt_m[\sa¶pw thZ{KÙsa¶pw apl½Zv \_nXncpta\n¡v t\cs¯ AdnbpI t]mepanÃmbncp¶psh¶v JpÀB³ hyàam¡p¶p: ""\½psS IÂ]\b\pkcn¨v \mw \n\¡v t_m[\w \ÂInbncn¡pIbmWtÃm. thZsa´mWv, kXyhnizmksa´mWv Fs¶m¶pw \n\s¡m«pw AdnhpWvSmbncp¶nÃ. F¶m \maXns\ Hcp {]Imiam¡nbncn¡p¶p. \mw Dt±in¡p¶hÀ¡v AXphgn amÀKZÀi\w \ÂIp¶p''(42: 52).

apl½Zv \_nbpsS lndm hmkw F´n\v? ""F¦n F´n\mWv apl½Zv \_n {]hmNIXz¯n\p ap¼v lndmKplbn t]mbn GIm´hmkw A\pjvTn¨Xv?'' Znhyt_m[\w kzoIcn¡p¶ hyàn AXn\Àl\mbncn¡WatÃm. FÃm AÀY¯nepw kpkÖ\pw. asäÃm {]hmNI·mscbpw t]mse apl½Zv \_nbpw ssZhnIktµiw Gäphm§m³ ]äpw hn[w hfÀ¯s¸SpIbmbncp¶p. Bhiyamb tbmKyXbmepw kn²nbmepw A\p{Kln¡s¸SpIbmbncp¶p. AXn\m FÃmhn[ ZpÈoe§fnÂ\n¶pw ]m]hr¯nIfnÂ\n¶pw XoÀ¯pw apà\mbn ]ca ]cnip²\mbmWv \_nXncpta\n hfÀ¶ph¶Xv. hnizkvX\mbn ]cs¡ Adnbs¸Spamdv IpäaäXmbncp¶p Xncpta\nbpsS PohnXw. \mÂ]Xp hbtÊmSSp¯t¸mÄ ssZhnIamb DÄhnfn kzoIcn¨v, aeoakamb Npäp]mSnÂ\n¶p amdn lndmKplbn GIm´hmka\pjvTn¨p. A§s\ {]hmNIXzw Gäphm§m\mhiyamb am\hnIamb ]qÀWX {]m]n¡pIbmbncp¶p apl½Zv \_n. AYhm, ssZhw Xsâ A´yZqX\mbn \ntbmKn¡m³ t]mIp¶ hyànsb AXn\\ptbmPyamw hn[w hfÀ¯ns¡mWvSphcnIbmbncp¶p. lndm Kplbnse [ym\\ncXamb PohnXw AXnsâ `mKambncp¶p.

ssZhZqXs\ F§s\ Xncn¨dnbpw? ""F§s\bmWv HcmÄ ssZhZqX\mtWm AtÃsb¶v Xncn¨dnbpI?'' kaImeo\ kaql¯nse kXykÔ\mb GsXmcmÄ¡pw Xncn¨dnbm³ km[n¡pamdv khntijamb hyànXz¯nsâ DSabmbncn¡pw ssZhZqX³. At±lw ]ca]cnip²\mbncn¡pw. PohnX¯nsemcn¡epw IÅw ]dbnÃ. kXyhncp²ambn H¶pw {]hÀ¯n¡pIbnÃ. {]IrXw XoÀ¯pw ]mh\ambncn¡pw. No¯ hmt¡m ZpÀhr¯ntbm ssZhZqX\nÂ\ns¶mcn¡epapWvSmhpIbnÃ. kXyhpw \oXnbpw k¡Àahpw aäpÅhtcmSv D]tZin¡p¶tXmsSm¸w kzbw \S¸m¡pIbpw sN¿pw. ]dbp¶Xns\Xnsc {]hÀ¯n¨Xn\v Hscmä DZmlcWw t]mepw ImWs¸SpIbnÃ. Ft¸mgpw EPphpw t{ijvThpw kpXmcyhpw kwip²hpw kwibclnXhpamb amÀKta Ahew_n¡pIbpÅq. kIe hn[ kzmÀYXIfnÂ\n¶pw XoÀ¯pw apà\mbncn¡pw. Bscbpw hm¡mtem {]hr¯nbmtem t{Zmln¡pIbnÃ. BcpsSbpw AhImiw Atijw IhÀs¶Sp¡pIbnÃ. kXykÔX, XymKioew, t{ijvT Nn´, k·mÀK\njvT, \· t]mepÅ D¯a KpW§Ä¡v F¡mes¯bpw Gähpw \à amXrIbmbncn¡pw. Bsc{X {ian¨mepw ssZhZqXsâ PohnX¯n \yq\X IsWvS¯pI km[yaÃ. Ihnsb AbmfpsS IhnXbneqsSbpw IemImcs\ AbmfpsS hcIfneqsSbpw Xncn¨dnbp¶t]mse kaqlw {]hmNIs\ At±l¯n\v AhXoÀWamIp¶ Imcy§fneqsS a\Ênem¡pI Xs¶ sN¿pw. A\yÀ¡v Duln¡m³ t]mepw Ignbm¯ Imcy§Ä ssZhZqXsâ a\Ên A\mbmkw sXfnªphcp¶p. Ahsbms¡ icnbmsW¶v kaql¯n\v t_m[yamhpIbpw sN¿p¶p. C§s\ FÃm ssZhZqX·mcpw X§fpsS kaql¯nse kIe kpa\ÊpIfmepw Xncn¨dnbs¸Sp¶p.

{iocma\pw {ioIrjvW\pw ""Cu am\ZÞ§fpsS ASnØm\¯nepw CkvemanI ho£W¯nepw {iocma\pw {ioIrjvW\pw {]hmNI·mcmbncpt¶m?'' ssZhZqX·mÀ BKXamIm¯ kaql§fpw P\XIfpansöv Ckvemw JÞnXambn ]dªn«pWvSv. hnip² JpÀB\n AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""FÃm kapZmb¯n\pw \mw ZqX·msc \ntbmKn¨p sImSp¯n«pWvSv''(16: 36). ""\mw \ns¶ kXyhpambn \ntbmKn¨ncn¡p¶p, ip`hmÀ¯ Adnbn¡p¶h\pw Xm¡oXv \ÂIp¶h\pambn. Hcp kapZmbhpw AXnsemcp Xm¡oXpImc³ \ntbmKnXamImsX Ignªpt]mbn«nÃ.''(35: 24). kl{km_vZ§fpsS Ncn{XapÅ C´ybn ssZhZqX·mÀ BKXcmbncn¡psa¶pw ssZhnIktµiw AhXcn¸n¡s¸«ncn¡psa¶papÅXn kwibtabnÃ. F¶m Bcmbncp¶p B {]hmNI·msc¶pw FhnsSsbÃmw, Fs¶ÃmamWv AhÀ \ntbmKnXcmbsX¶pw hyàambpw JÞnXambpw Adnbm³ Ignbp¶ {]mamWnI tcJIsfm¶pan¶v e`yaÃ. \½psS cmPys¯ ]qÀhnIcmb ]pWy]pcpj·msc kw_Ôn¨v \nehnepÅXv Iptd sFXnly§fpw Ahnizk\obhpw AXnitbmàn]chpamb hÀW\IfpamWv. icnbpw sXäpw thÀXncn¨dnbm³ km[yaÃm¯ hn[w Ah AXoh k¦oÀWas{X. {iocmasâbpw {ioIrjvWsâbpw {io_p²sâbpw Ncn{Xhpw CXn\v A]hmZaÃ. Ahsc kw_Ôn¨v C¶v ]dbs¸Sp¶h ]eXpw icnbmhm³ km[yXbnÃ. AXn\m \nehnepÅ [mcWIÄ h¨v Ahscms¡ ssZhZqX·mcmbncpt¶m, AtÃsb¶v JÞnXambn ]dbpI km[yaÃ. AtXkabw Bhm\pÅ km[yX XÅn¡fbm\pamhnÃ. \½psS cmPys¯ ap³KmanIfmb alZvhyànIfpsS bYmÀY Ncn{Xw sFXnly§fnÂ\n¶pw, A\pbmbnIfpw FXncmfnIfpw ]dªpWvSm¡nb IÂ]nXIYIfnÂ\n¶pw tamNnXambn¡n«m³ Fs´¦nepw amÀKapsWvS¦n AXv al¯msbmcp t\«ambncn¡pw. kXykÔhpw \njv]£hpamb At\zjW]T\§fneqsS AhcpsS

bYmÀY PohnXw A\mhrXamhpIbpw A§s\ AhÀ ssZhZqX·mcmbncp¶psh¶v t_m[yamhpIbpamsW¦n AXnteähpa[nIw kt´mjn¡pI Cu cmPys¯ apkvenwIfmbncn¡pw. GXmbmepw A¯csamct\zjWhpw ]T\hpw AXy[nIw A`nImayas{X.

thZhpw KoXbpw ssZhnItam? ""C´ybnse sslµhthZ§Ä ssZhnIamsW¶v AwKoIcn¡p¶ptWvSm?'' hnZy, hnÚm\w Fs¶ms¡bmWv thZsa¶ ]Z¯nsâ AÀYw. A[ymßÚm\sa¶mWv AXnsâ hnh£. thZ§Ä A]ucptjb§fmsW¶v hnizkn¡s¸Sp¶p. AXv a\pjy\nÀanXasöpw ssZht{]màamsW¶pw Nne thZ]ÞnX·mÀ AhImis¸SmdpWvSv. F¶m thZ§Ä kzbw A¯csamchImihmZap¶bn¡p¶nÃ. Ncn{X¯nse FÃm P\kaql§fnte¡pw ssZhZqX·mÀ \ntbmKnXcmbn«psWvS¶pw ssZhnIktµiw \ÂIs¸«n«psWvS¶pw Ckvemw kn²m´n¡p¶p. AXn\m thZ§Ä Bcy·mÀ¡v AhXoÀWamb Znhyktµi§fpsS `mKamhm\pÅ km[yX \ncmIcn¡mt\m \ntj[n¡mt\m \ymbanÃ. F¶Ã, A¯csamcp km[yX XoÀ¨bmbpapWvSv. F¶m C¶v \nehnepÅ E¡v, bPpÊv, kmaw, AYÀhw F¶o \mep thZ§Ä ssZhnIamsW¶v IcpXmhXÃ. Ah a\pjy CSs]SepIÄ¡v \nc´cw hnt[bambXn\m auenIX \jvSamhpIbpw A]ucptjb§fÃmXmhpIbpw sNbvXn«pWvSv. C¡mcyw thZhnizmknIÄ Xs¶ AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. tUmIvSÀ cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""Bcy·mÀ AhcpsS BZna hmkØe¯p\n¶v X§fpsS Gähpw hne]nSn¨ k¼s¯¶ \nebn C´ybnte¡v sImWvSph¶ Znhy{]tNmZ\apÄs¡mWvS Km\§Ä tiJcn¨p kwc£nt¡WvSXnsâ Bhiyw ]pXnb cmPy¯v CXc tZh·msc Bcm[n¡p¶ hfscb[nIw P\§fpambn AhÀ¡v CSs]tSWvSnh¶t¸mÄ t\cn«Xn\m Ah kamlcn¡s¸«Xmbn s]mXpsh hnizkn¨phcp¶p... ""hfsc¡met¯mfw AYÀhthZ¯n\v Hcp thZ¯nsâ A´Êv ssIh¶ncp¶nÃ. F¦nepw \½psS Ct¸mgs¯ Dt±iys¯ kw_Ônt¨St¯mfw EtKzZw t]mse¯s¶ AYÀhthZhpw kzX{´§fmb DÅS¡§fpsS Ncn{X]camb kamlmcamIp¶p. Nn´bpsS Hcp ]n¡mebpK¯n \nÀan¡s¸« Cu thZ¯n hym]n¨p \n¡p¶Xv hn`n¶amb Hcp at\m`mhas{X. X§Ä ]Xps¡¸Xps¡ IogS¡ns¡mWvSncp¶ cmPy¯v ap¼pWvSmbncp¶ P\§Ä Bcm[n¨ncp¶ tZh·mcpsSbpw `qXt{]XmZnIfpsSbpw t\À¡v sshZnImcy·mÀ ssIs¡mWvS H¯pXoÀ¸v at\m`mh¯nsâ ^e§sf AXp ImWn¡p¶p''(`mcXob ZÀi\w, amXr`qan {]nânwKv Bâv ]»njnwKv I¼\n enanäUv, tImgnt¡mSv. ]pdw 44, 45). thZ§fnse ssZhk¦Â]¯n t]mepw KpcpXcamb amäw kw`hn¨Xmbn tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ hnebncp¯p¶p. 1017 kqà§fpw 10472 E¡pIfpw 8 AjvSI§fpw 10 aÞe§fpapÅ EtKzZ¯nse ]¯mw aÞes¯¡pdn¨v cm[mIrjvW³ ]dbp¶p: ""]¯mw aÞew ]n¡me¯v Iq«nt¨À¯XmsW¶v tXm¶p¶p. thZkqà§fpsS hnImk¯nsâ Ahkm\L«¯n {]Nmc¯nencp¶ ho£W§fmWv AXneS§nbXv F¶ Imcy¯n kwibanÃ. BZyImes¯ `àn\nÀ`camb IhnXbpsS P·kn²amb hÀWw CXn ZmÀi\nINn´bpsS hnfÀ¸v IeÀ¶v tcmK_m[nXambt]mse ImWs¸Sp¶p. krjvSnbpsS DÛhw apXemb hnjb§sf¡pdn¨pÅ Dulmt]ml{][m\§fmb kqà§Ä CXn ImWmw. Cu AaqÀ¯§fmb kn²m´NÀ¨ItfmsSm¸w AYÀhthZIme¯nte¡p tNÀ¶ AÔhnizmk]c§fmb BIÀjtWm¨mS\ a{´§fpw CXn ImWm\pWvSv. `mh{][m\§fmb kqà§fn kzbw A\mhcWw sNbvX a\Ênsâ

{]mbsa¯ens\ kqNn¸n¡p¶hbmWv Dulmt]ml§fmb kqà§sf¦nÂ, AÔhnizmk]camb kqà§Ä ImWn¡p¶Xv, At¸mtg¡v C´ybnse BZna\nhmknIfpsS kn²m´§fpw BNmc§fpambn sshZnImcy·mÀ ]cnNbs¸«pIgnªncp¶p F¶mWv. ]¯mw aÞew ]n¡me¯pWvSmbXmWv F¶Xn\v Ch km£yw hln¡p¶p''( Ibid ]pdw 47). EtKzZ¯nÂt]mepw Hcp ssZhnI{KÙ¯n\v H«pw tbmPn¡m¯hn[apÅ PmXobX IS¶pIqSnbXmbn ImWmw: ""{_mÒtWmky apJamkoZv _mlq cmP\yx IrXx Ducp XZky bssZziyx ]Zv`ymw iqt{Zm APmbX'' (EtKzZw 10: 90: 12) (B {]Pm]Xn¡v {_ÒW³ apJambn, apJ¯n \n¶pÂ]¶ambn. £{Xnb³ _mlp¡fn \n¶pfhmbn. Ducp¡fnÂ\n¶v sshiy\pWvSmbn. AhnSs¯ ]mZ§fnÂ\n¶v iq{Z³ P\n¨p.) EtKzZ¯nsâ cWvSmw `mK¯nsâ AhXmcnIbnÂ, thZ§fnse apgph³ `mKhpw C¶v e`yasöpw Ahbn ]eXpw Iq«nt¨À¡s¸«n«psWvS¶pw Ahyàhpw Zpcqlhpamb ]eXpw AhbnepsWvS¶pw F³.hn. IrjvWhmcnbÀ hyàam¡p¶p. ""thZ§Ä {]amZapà§tfm FÃmw DÄs¡mÅp¶tXm AsÃ''¶v tUm. Fkv. cm[mIrjvW³ Xsâ Indian Religions (t]Pv 22)epw sXfnbn¨p ]dªn«pWvSv. \tc{µ`qj¬ FgpXp¶p: ""{ItaW ]mTm´c§fpw imJIfpw \nehnÂhcnIbpw tem]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. NneÀ {_mÒW§sfbpw thZ§fn DÄs¸Sp¯n. C§s\ kwlnXbpw {_mÒWhpsaÃmw IqSn¡pgªt¸mÄ hymk³ Ahsb ]p\À\nÀWbw sNbvXncn¡mw. A§s\bmhmw hymk³ thZw ]Ips¯¶ IY \nehnÂh¶Xv... ChbnÂ\n¶v \ap¡v A\pam\n¡mhp¶Xv kwlnXIfpw {_mlvaW§fpw IqSn¡pgªv AÊ thZtaXv, {]hN\taXv, imJtbXv F¶v Xncn¨dnbm\mhmsX h¶ Hcp ImeL«apWvSmbncp¶psh¶mWv''(sshZnI kmlnXy Ncn{Xw, ]pdw 51, 53). kXy{hX ]t«ensâ `mjbnÂ, ""lnµpaX¯nsâ BZy t{kmXÊv thZamWv. apgphn`mK§fpw AXnt\mSv Iqdp]peÀ¯pIbpw AXnsâ auenIX AwKoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. Nne thZkqà§Ä \jvSs¸«n«pWvSv. F¦nepw Ct¸mÄ \nehnepÅhXs¶ [mcmfamWv'' ( Hinduism Religion and Way of Life. Page 5 ). EtKzZw ]¯mw aÞe¯nse ]¯mw kqà¯n kz´w ktlmZcs\ ssewKnIthgvN¡p £Wn¡p¶ ktlmZcnbpsS `mjbpw ssienbpw Hcp ssZhnI {KÙ¯n\v H«pw A\ptbmPyaÃ. A{]ImcwXs¶ kqcy{KlWs¯bpw N{µ{KlWs¯bpw kw_Ôn¨ EtKzZ¯nsebpw AYÀhthZ¯nsebpw {]kvXmh§Ä A_²PSne§fpw AÔhnizmkm[njvTnX§fpas{X. AXn\m thZ§fn \o¡wsNt¿WvS ]eXpapsWvS¶v {]apJ sslµh ]ÞnX·mÀ Xd¸n¨p ]dªn«pWvSv. Kpcp \nXyssNX\ybXn FgpXp¶p: ""thZ§Ä Gähpw \nIrjvSambn«pÅ lnwk¡v A\paXn \ÂIp¶psh¶v am{XaÃ, AhsbÃmw sNt¿WvSXpXs¶bmsW¶v hnhcn¡p¶ Ht«sd a{´§fpWvSv. \njv]£aXnIfmbn«pÅ BÀ¡pw AXv IWvSnsöv `mhn¡m³ Ignbp¶XÃ. lnµp¡fpsS Gähpw DÂIrjvSamb {ipXn thZamsW¶v ]dbp¶ AtX \mhpsImWvSv AXn Gähpw lo\amb a{´§fpsWvS¶p IqSn ]dtbWvSnhcp¶Xv GsXmcp ]ÞnX¶pw ZpxJIcamb A\p`hw Xs¶bmWv. F¶mÂ, Nne ]ÞnX·mÀ Ncn{XkXy§tfmSv \oXnImWn¡msX, thZ§fnse \o¡wsN¿s¸tSWvSXmb Cu a{´§sf km[qIcn¡m\pw \ymboIcn¡m\pw

{ian¡p¶Xv Hcn¡epw £´hyamsW¶v ]dbmhXÃ.''(KpcpIpew amknI. D²cWw, `mcXob \thm°m\¯nsâ cq]tcJ, t]Pv 212) Npcp¡¯nÂ, \nehnepÅ thZ§Ä ssZhnI§tfm A]ucptjb§tfm BsW¶v thZhnizmknIÄ t]mepw AhImis¸SpIbnÃ. Ahbn ]eXpw Iq«nt¨À¡s¸«n«pWvSv, Ir{Xna§Ä¡ncbmbn«pWvSv, ]eXpw \jvSs¸«n«papWvSv. F¶m CXnsem«pw AÛpXanÃ. thZ§fpsS Ncn{Xw BÀ¡padnbnÃtÃm. AXnsâ Imes¯¡pdn¨pt]mepw KpcpXcamb A`n{]mbhyXymkamWpÅXv. {InkvXphn\p ap¼v 6000 hÀjamsW¶pw 4500 BsW¶pw 3000 BsW¶pw 1500 BsW¶psams¡ hmZn¡p¶hcpWvSv. CtX¡pdn¨v JÞnXambn Bcpw H¶pw ]dbp¶nÃ. Bcy·mÀ C´ybnse¯nb tijamWv Ah t{ImUoIcn¨sX¶ Imcy¯n ]£m´canÃ. thZmhXcW¯n\pw t{ImUoIcW¯n\panSbnse kpZoÀLamb ImehyXymkw Ahbnse KpcpXcamb amä§Ä¡pw Ir{Xna§Ä¡pw ImcWamhpI kzm`mhnIas{X. tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""Bcy·mÀ IqsS sImWvSph¶ Nne [mcWIfpw hnizmk§fpw AhÀ C´ybpsS a®n XpSÀ¶v hnIkn¸n¨p. Cu kqà§Ä \nÀan¨Xn\p tijw hfsc \oWvS CS¡mew Ignªmbncp¶p Ah kamlcn¡s¸«Xv''(`mcXob ZÀi\w, ]pdw 46). thZ§Ä {]IminXamb {]mà\ sshZnI`mj Xs¶ C¶nsöpw \nehnepÅ kwkvIrXw AXnsâ cq]m´camsW¶pw thZIme¯n\ptijw hfsc¡gnªmWv AXpWvSmbsX¶pw \tc{µ`qj¬ DÄs¸sSbpÅ ]ÞnX·mÀ hyàam¡p¶p (sshZnI kmlnXy Ncn{Xw, ]pdw 27, 39). C¯c¯nepÅ FÃm a\pjy CSs]SepIfnÂ\n¶pw Iq«nt¨À¡epIfnÂ\n¶pw sh«n¨pcp¡epIfnÂ\n¶pw Iq«n¡eÀ¯epIfnÂ\n¶pw XoÀ¯pw tamNnXamb, AhXcWw sXm«ntXhscbpÅ Ncn{Xw a\pjycminbpsS ap¼n sXfnªp\n¡p¶ {KÙw JpÀB³ am{XambXn\memWv AXns\ \nehnepÅ GI ssZhnI{KÙsa¶v ]dbp¶Xv. AXv ]qÀhnI ssZhnI {KÙ§sfsbÃmw kXys¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

""`KhXvKoXbpw ssZhnIasömtWm Xm¦fpsS A`n{]mbw?'' \nehnepÅ thZ§Ä a\pjy CSs]SepIÄ¡v hnt[bambn«psWvS¶v tUm. cm[mIrjvW³, F³.hn. IrjvWhmcnbÀ, \tc{µ`qj¬, kXy{hX ]t«Â t]mepÅ thZ]ÞnX·mÀ AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbXmWv. alm`mcX¯n Ipcpt£{Xbp²`qanbn IuchtcmSv bp²w sN¿m³ ]mÞh·mÀ sN¶t¸mÄ ]mÞhhoc\mb AÀPp\\v _ÔpP\§sf sImÃm³ henb ZpxJw tXm¶n. AÀPp\sâ tXcmfnbmb IrjvW³ AÀPp\sâ AØm\¯pÅ B lrZbZuÀ_eyw amäm³ ]dªpsImSp¯ XtXzm]tZiamWv KoXsb¶v hnizkn¡s¸Sp¶p. hymkalÀjnbmWv KoXbpÄs¸sSbpÅ alm`mcXw \nÀan¨Xv. {ioIrjvW³ `Khmsâ AhXmcamsW¶pw AXn\m KoX `KhZvKoXbmsW¶pw {]Ncn¸n¡s¸Sp¶p. F¶m `Khm³ Hcn¡epw a\pjycq]¯n AhXcn¡nsöpw AhXcn¨n«nsöpamWv {]apJcmb sslµh ]ÞnX·mcpw ]cnjvIÀ¯m¡fpw hyàam¡p¶Xv. kzman Zbm\µ kckzXn C¡mcyw tNmtZym¯ccq]¯n C§s\ AhXcn¸n¡p¶p: ""{]iv\w: Cuizc³ AhXmcw kzoIcn¡p¶ptWvSm? D¯cw: CÃ. Fs´¶m "AP GI ]mXv' (35þ53), "k]À¿KmXp{IaImbw' (40þ8) F¶p XpS§nb bPpÀthZ hN\§fnÂ\n¶v ]ctaizc³ P·w sImÅp¶nsöv a\ÊnemIp¶pWvSv.

{]iv\w: bZm bZm ln [Àaky ¥m\nÀ`hXn `mcX A`yp°m\ a[Àaky XZmßm\w krPmaylw (`KhXv KoX A: 4 tÇmIw 7) [Àa¯n\v tem]w hcpt¼msgÃmw Rm³ icocw [cn¡p¶p F¶v {ioIrjvW³ ]dbp¶pWvStÃm? D¯cw: thZhncp²ambXpsImWvSv CXv {]amWamIp¶nÃ. [Àamßmhpw [Àas¯ c£n¡m³ COn¡p¶h\pamb {ioIrjvW³ "Rm³ bpKw tXmdpw P·w ssIs¡mWvSp injvS P\§sf ]cn]men¡pIbpw ZpjvS·msc kwlcn¡pIbpw sN¿pw' F¶n§s\ B{Kln¨n«pWvSmbncn¡mw. A§s\ sN¿p¶Xn tZmjsam¶panÃ. Fs´¶m "]tcm]Imcmb kXmw hn`qXbx' þkÖ\§fpsS icocw, a\Êv, [\w F¶nhsbÃmw ]tcm]Imc¯n\mbn«pÅXmWtÃm. F¶mepw {ioIrjvW³ CXpsImWvSv Cuizc\msW¶v hcphm³ XcanÃ''(kXymÀY {]Imiw, ]pdw 304, 305). Cuizc\v AhXmcapWvSmhnsöv {iohmKv`Sm\µ Kpcphpw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv (hmKv`Sm\µsâ k¼qÀW IrXnIÄ, ]pdw 357þ359, 751, 752. amXr`qan {]nânwKv Bâv ]»njnwKv I¼\n enanäUv, tImgnt¡mSv). KoXXs¶ AhXmc k¦Â]s¯ \ncmIcn¡p¶p: AhPm\´n amw aqVm am\pjow X\p am {inXw ]cw `mhaPm\t´m aa `qX atlizcw tamLmim tamL IÀ½mtWm tamLÚm\m hntNXkx cm£kn amkpcn ssNh {]IrXow tamln\ow {ioXmx (`qX§fpsS atlizcs\¶ ]caamb Fsâ `mhs¯ Adnbm¯ aqV·mÀ Fs¶ am\pjnIamb icocs¯ B{ibn¨h\mbn sXämbn a\Ênem¡p¶p. A§s\ Fs¶ [cn¡p¶hcpsS BiIfpw AhÀ sN¿p¶ IÀa§fpw AhÀ¡pÅ Úm\hpw \njv^e§fmWv. AhÀ AhnthInIfpw a\Êns\ tamln¸n¡p¶ cm£k {]IrXnsbbpw Akpc {]IrXnsbbpw B{ibn¨pÅhcmIp¶p.'' A[ymbw 9, cmP hnZym cmPKplytbmKw, tÇmIw 11, 12). KoXbnse C¯cw kqà§Ä ZnhyhN\§fmhm\pÅ km[yX \ntj[n¡m\mhnÃ. F¶m {ioIrjvW³ `Khm\mbncp¶psh¶ k¦Â]w XoÀ¯pw sXämWv. KoXbpsS Xs¶ D]cypà {]kvXmh¯n\v ISIhncp²hpamWv. {ioIrjvW³ ssZhZqX\mhm\pÅ km[yXbmWv GsdbpÅXv. F¶m At±l¯nsâ hyàhpw

kXykÔhpamb Ncn{Xw e`yaÃm¯Xn\m C¡mcy¯n JÞnXamsbmcp \nKa\¯nse¯pI km[yaÃ. KoXbpsS hyàhpw JÞnXhpamb Ncn{Xw e`yaÃ. AXv alm`mcXbp²t¯mS\p_Ôn¨mtWm cNn¡s¸«sX¶ Imcy¯n t]mepw ho£W hyXymkapWvSv. KoXbpsS Imehpw hnhmZhnt[bamWv. {InkvXphn\p ap¼v A©mw \qämWvSnemsW¶pw \memw \qämWvSnemsW¶pw aq¶mw \qämWvSnemsW¶pw {InkvXphn\p tijw cWvSmw \qämWvSnemsW¶pw \memw \qämWvSnemsW¶psaÃmw A`n{]mbm´capWvSv. Cu AhyàXsb¡pdn¨v tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ FgpXp¶p: ""`KhZvKoX alm`mcX¯nsâ bYmÀY `mKamsW¶v \mw kzoIcn¨m Xs¶bpw AXn ]e ImeL«§fnsebpw IrXnIÄ DÄs¡mÅn¨n«pÅXpsImWvSv \ap¡v KoXbpsS Imes¯¸än Dd¸v ]dbm\mhnÃ.'' (`mcXob ZÀi\w, `mKw 1, ]pdw 481). KoXmIÀ¯mhv Xsâ Imes¯ hnhn[ Nn´m[mcIsf ka\zbn¸n¡pIbpw kamlcn¡pIbpamWpWvSmbsX¶v tUm. cm[mIrjvW³ XpSÀ¶p ]dbp¶p. GXmbmepw KoX ssZhnIamsW¶v At±l¯n\v A`n{]mbanÃ. ""ZÀi\w, aXw, kZmNmc§Ä F¶nhbpsS D]tZi§fS§p¶ {KÙamWXv. AXns\ {ipXnsbt¶m AYhm Cuizcobamb Acpf¸msSt¶m IcpXp¶nÃ. kvarXnsb¶v ]dbmhp¶XmWv''( Ibid ]pdw 477). Npcp¡¯n KoXbn ssZhnI ktµi§fpsS Awi§fpw Bib§fpw DWvSmhmsa¦nepw AsXmcp ssZhnI {KÙaÃ. Hcp ssZhnI {KÙamsW¶v KoX kzbw AhImis¸Sp¶nsöXpw {it²bas{X

JpÀB³ ss__nfnsâ A\pIcWtam ""apl½Zv Xsâ Imes¯ blqZþss{IkvXh ]ÞnX·mcpambn _Ôs¸«v ]Tn¨ Imcy§Ä kz´w `mjbnepw ssienbnepw AhXcn¸n¡pIbmWpWvSmbXv. ]qÀhkaql§sf kw_Ôn¨ JpÀBsâbpw ss__nfnsâbpw hnhcWw Htc hn[amhm³ ImcWw AXmWv'þ H¶ntesd Cw¥ojv ]pkvXI§fn Cu hn[apÅ ]cmaÀiw hmbn¡m\nSbmbn. CXns\¡pdn¨v F´p ]dbp¶p?'' Ckvemant\mSv sImSnb i{XpX h¨p]peÀ¯p¶ ]mÝmXy³ Fgp¯pImÀ hym]Iambn {]Ncn¸n¨ XoÀ¯pw hymPamb Btcm]WamWnXv. Cu Btcm]W¯n\v kXyhpambn hnZqc_Ôw t]mepansöv JpÀB\pw ss__nfpw Hcmhr¯n hmbn¡p¶ GhÀ¡pw hfsc thKw t_m[yamIpw. am\hcmin¡v ssZhnI PohnXhyhØ kaÀ¸n¡m³ \nbpàcmb ktµihmlIcmWv {]hmNI·mÀ. AXn\m AhcneqsS kaÀ]nXamb ssZhnIk·mÀK¯n GIX ZriyamhpI kzm`mhnIas{X. ssZhZqX·mcpsS A[ym]\§fnÂ\n¶v A\pbmbnIÄ hyXnNen¨nÃmbncp¶psh¦n aX§Ä¡nSbn sshhn[ytam sshcp[ytam DWvSmhpambncp¶nÃ. F¶Ã; ssZhZqX·mcpsS ASn¡SnbpÅ \ntbmKw kw`hn¨XpXs¶ ap³KmanIfpsS amÀK¯nÂ\n¶v AhcpsS A\pbmbnIÄ hyXnNen¨Xn\memWv. apl½Zv \_n \ntbmKnX\mb Ime¯v tamibpsStbm tbiphnsâtbm ktµi§fpw A[ym]\§fpw X\Xmb kz`mh¯n \nehnepWvSmbncp¶nÃ. PqXþss{IkvXh kaql§Ä Ahbn KpcpXcamb Ir{Xna§fpw sh«n¨pcp¡epIfpw Iq«nt¨À¡epIfpw \S¯nbncp¶p. AXn\m B {]hmNI·mÀ {]t_m[\wsNbvX Imcy§fn sNdnb Hcwiw am{XamWv ss__nfnepWvSmbncp¶Xv. Ahbpambn apl½Zv \_nbneqsS AhXoÀWamb hnhcW§Ä H¯phcnI kzm`mhnIamWv. A§s\ kw`hn¨n«papWvSv. ss__nfnepw JpÀB\nepw ImWs¸Sp¶ kmZriyw AXs{X.

aX¯nsâ ASnØm\ kn²m´amb ssZhhnizmk¯nÂXs¶ PqXþss{IkvXh ho£Whpw apl½Zv \_nbpsS {]t_m[\hpw X½n {]ISamb A´chpw sshcp[yhpw ImWmw. apl½Zv \_n IWniamb GIssZhkn²m´amWv kaqlka£w kaÀ¸n¨Xv. F¶m PqXþss{IkvXh kaql§Ä C¶s¯t¸mse A¶pw hnIeamb ssZhhnizmkamWv sh¨p]peÀ¯nbncp¶Xv. \_nXncpta\n CXv AwKoIcn¨v A\pIcn¨nsöv am{XaÃ, At±l¯neqsS AhXoÀWamb JpÀB³ AXns\ \ninXambn FXnÀ¡pI IqSn sNbvXp. ""blqZ·mÀ ]dbp¶p: "DsskÀ ssZh]p{X\mIp¶p.' ss{IkvXhÀ ]dbp¶p: "aninlm ssZh]p{X\mIp¶p'. CsXÃmw AhÀ hmbsImWvSv ]dbp¶ \ncÀYIamb PÂ]\§fs{X. AhÀ, X§Ä¡pap¼v kXy\ntj[¯neIs¸«hcpsS hmZt¯mSv kmZriywhln¡p¶p'' (9:30). ""AÃmlp ]p{X·msc kzoIcn¨ncn¡p¶psh¶v hmZn¡p¶hsc Xm¡oXv sN¿m\pamWv Cu {KÙw AhXoÀWambXv. AhÀ¡v C¡mcys¯¡pdn¨v bmsXmcdnhpanÃ. AhcpsS ]qÀhnIÀ¡pw DWvSmbncp¶nÃ. AhcpsS hmbIfnÂ\n¶v han¡p¶Xv KpcpXcamb hm¡pXs¶. shdpw IÅamWhÀ ]dbp¶Xv''(18: 4, 5). ""AÃmlp aqhcn Hcph\mIp¶p F¶p hmZn¨hÀ XoÀ¨bmbpw kXy\ntj[nIfmbncn¡p¶p. GIssZhaÃmsX thsd ssZhtabnÃ. AhÀ X§fpsS C¯cw hmZ§fnÂ\n¶v hncan¨nsæn Ahcnse \ntj[nIsf thZ\m\ncXamb in£ _m[n¡pIXs¶ sN¿pw. C\nbpw AhÀ ]Ým¯]n¡pIbpw ssZht¯mSv am¸t]£n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ntÃ? AÃmlp Gsd s]mdp¡p¶h\pw am¸v \ÂIp¶h\patÃm''( 5: 73, 74). C¶s¯ PqXþss{IkvXh kaqls¯t¸mse A¶s¯ blqZcpw ss{IkvXhcpw tbiphnsâ IpcnipacW¯n hnizkn¡p¶hcmbncp¶p. F¶m JpÀB³ CXns\ iàambn \ntj[n¡p¶p. ""blqZÀ ]dªp: "akolv Cuk_v\p aÀbans\þ ssZhZqXs\þ R§Ä sIm¶pIfªncn¡p¶p.' kXy¯ntem, Ahct±ls¯ h[n¨n«nÃ, {Iqin¨n«panÃ. ]ns¶tbm, kw`hw AhÀ¡v AhyàamhpIbmWpWvSmbXv. At±ls¯ kw_Ôn¨v `n¶m`n{]mbapÅhcpw kwib{KkvXÀ Xs¶. AhÀ¡v AXns\¡pdns¨mcdnhpanÃ; Duls¯ ]n³]äp¶XÃmsX. Ahct±ls¯ Dd¸mbpw sIm¶n«nÃ''(4: 157). ssZhs¯bpw ssZhZqX·mscbpw kw_Ôn¨v A_²PSneamb At\Iw {]kvXmh\IÄ ss__nfnepWvSv. Ahsbm¶pw JpÀB\nensöp am{XaÃ; AhbpsS kXykÔhpw IrXyhpw hkvXp\njvThpamb hnhcWw \ÂIp¶papWvSv. DZmlcW¯n\v NneXp am{XanhnsS ]dbmw: ""shbnemdnbt¸mÄ tXm«¯neqsS IÀ¯mhmb ssZhw \S¡p¶ i_vZw AhÀ tI«p. ssZhk¶n[nbn \n¶I¶v a\pjy\pw `mcybpw tXm«¯nse hr£§Ä¡nSbn t]mbn Hfn¨p'' (DÂ]¯n 3:8,9). ""A\´cw IÀ¯mhmb ssZhw AcpÄsNbvXp: t\m¡pI, a\pjy³ \·Xn·IÄ Adnªv \½n Hcphs\t¸mse Bbn¯oÀ¶ncn¡p¶p. C\n Ct¸mÄ AhÀ ssI\o«n Pohhr£¯nsâ I\nIqSn ]dn¨v Xn¶v Fs¶¶pw Pohn¡m³ CShccpXv''(DÂ]¯n 3:22). Ckvemanse ssZhk¦Â]¯n\pw hnizmk¯n\pw ISIhncp²amWv Cu {]kvXmh§Ä. ssZhZqX·msc kw_Ôn¨v ss__nfnepÅ ]eXpw Ahnizk\ob§fmsW¶p am{XaÃ; Ahsc AXy´w Ahtlfn¡p¶hbpw sImSpwIpähmfnIfmbn Nn{XoIcn¡p¶hbpamWv. t\mlsb¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶p: ""t\mlv hoªv IpSn¨v elcn _m[n¨v \á\mbn IqSmc¯n InS¶p. ]nXmhnsâ \áX IWvSn«v Im\m\nsâ ]nXmhmb lmw shfnbn sN¶v aäp cWvSv ktlmZc·mtcmSv hnhcw ]dªp. tiapw bms^Xpw IqSn Hcp hkv{Xw FSp¯v CcphcpsSbpw tXmfpIfnembn C«v, ]ndtIm«v \S¶psN¶v ]nXmhnsâ \áX ad¨p. apJw Xncn¨p \S¶Xn\m AhÀ ]nXmhnsâ \áX IWvSnÃ. aZyelcn hn«pWÀ¶v Xsâ Cfb ]p{Xsâ {]hr¯nsb¡pdn¨v Adnªt¸mÄ t\mlv ]dªp: Im\m³

i]n¡s¸«h³. AbmÄ kz´w ktlmZc·mÀ¡v ASnaIfn ASnabmbncn¡pw. IÀ¯mhv tians\ A\p{Kln¡s«''(DÂ]¯n 9: 21þ26). aZy]n¨v elcn¡Sns¸«v \á\mhpIbpw Hcp IpähpanÃmsX t]c¡p«nsb i]n¡pIbpw sNbvX t\mlv JpÀB³ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶ ]ca]cnip²\mb \qlv \_nbnÂ\ns¶{Xtbm hyXykvX\s{X. {]hmNI\mb A{_lmans\¸än ss__nÄ ]dbp¶p: ""£maw cq£ambXn\m A{_mw {]hkn¡p¶Xn\mbn CuPn]vXnte¡v ]pds¸«p. CuPn]vXn {]thin¡p¶Xn\p ap¼v A{_mw `mcy kmdmtbmSv ]dªp: "\o kpµcnbmsW¶v F\n¡dnbmw. CuPn]vXpImÀ \ns¶ ImWpt¼mÄ "ChÄ CbmfpsS `mcybmWv' F¶p ]dªv Fs¶ sImÃpIbpw \ns¶ Poht\msS hnSpIbpw sN¿pw. \o \nan¯w F\n¡p \· hcm³ \o Fsâ ktlmZcnbmsW¶v ]dbpI. \o \nan¯w Fsâ Poh³ c£n¡pIbpw sN¿pw.' A{_mw CuPn]vXn {]thin¨t¸mÄ kv{Xo AXy´w kpµcnbmsW¶v CuPn]vXpImÀ IWvSp. Ahsf IWvS ^tdmhsâ {]`p¡·mÀ ^tdmhsâ ap¼n Ahsf]än {]iwkn¨p kwkmcn¨p. kv{Xosb ^tdmhsâ Aca\bnte¡v Iq«ns¡mWvSpt]mbn. AhÄ \nan¯w ^tdmh³ A{_mant\mSv Zbm]qÀhw s]cpamdn. AbmÄ¡v BSpamSpIsfbpw `rXy·mscbpw `rXyIsfbpw s]¬IgpXIsfbpw H«I§sfbpw \ÂIn''(DÂ]¯n 12: 10þ16). kz´w kl[ÀanWnsb `cWm[nImcn¡v hn«psImSp¯v k½m\w kzoIcn¡p¶ \oNcn \oN\mb ss__nfnse A{_mapw JpÀB³ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶ BZÀiimenbpw XymKk¶²\pw [oc\pw hn¹hImcnbpamb C_vdmlow \_nbpw X½n Hcp XmcXayw t]mepw km[yaÃ. {]hmNI\mb tem¯ns\¡pdn¨v ss__nÄ ]dbp¶p: ""tkmhdn ]mÀ¡m³ tem¯v `bs¸«p. AXpsImWvSv AbmÄ cWvSp ]p{Xnamscbpw Iq«n tkmhÀ \Kc¯nÂ\n¶v t]mbn aebn Xmakn¨p. AhnsS Hcp Kplbn AhÀ ]p{XnamtcmsSm¯v ]mÀ¯p. aq¯ ]p{Xn CfbhtfmSv ]dªp: "\½psS ]nXmhv hr²\mbncn¡p¶p. `qanbnse \S¸\pkcn¨v \t½mSv CW tNcm³ `qanbn Hcp a\pjy\panÃ. hm, \ap¡v ]nXmhns\ hoªv IpSn¸n¡mw. ]nXmhnt\msSm¸w ibn¨v ]nXmhnÂ\n¶v k´XnIsf t\Smw!' A¶p cm{Xn AhÀ ]nXmhns\ hoªp IpSn¸n¨p. aq¯]p{Xn AI¯psN¶v ]nXmhnt\msSm¸w ibn¨p. AhÄ Ft¸mÄ h¶p ibns¨t¶m Ft¸mÄ Fgpt¶äp t]msbt¶m H¶pw AbmÄ AdnªnÃ. ASp¯ Znhkw aq¯ aIÄ CfbhtfmSp ]dªp: "C¶se Rm³ \½psS ]nXmhnt\msSm¸w ibn¨p. C¶p cm{Xnbpw \ap¡v ]nXmhns\ hoªv IpSn¸n¡mw. A\´cw \o AI¯pt]mbn ]nXmhnt\msSm¸w ibn¨v \½psS ]nXmhneqsS \ap¡v k´XnIsf t\SnsbSp¡mw.' A¶p cm{Xnbpw AhÀ ]nXmhns\ hoªv IpSn¸n¨p. Cfb]p{Xn Fgpt¶äp sN¶v AbmfpsS IqsS ibn¨p. AhÄ Ft¸mÄ h¶p ibn¨psht¶m Ft¸mÄ Fgpt¶äpt]msbt¶m H¶pw AbmÄ AdnªnÃ. A§s\ tem¯nsâ cWvSp ]p{Xnamcpw ]nXmhn\m KÀ`hXnIfmbn. aq¯hÄ Hcp ]p{Xs\ {]khn¨p. Ah\v tamhm_v F¶p t]cn«p. AbmfmWv Ct¶mfapÅ tamhm_nbcpsS ]nXmhv. Cfbhfpw Hcp ]p{Xs\ {]khn¨p. Ah¶v s_³A½o F¶v t]cn«p. AbmfmWv Ct¶mfapÅ At½\nbcpsS ]nXmhv''(DÂ]¯n 19: 30þ38). AXy´w lo\hpw \oNhpw t¾Ohpamb hr¯nbnteÀs¸«Xmbn ss__nÄ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯nb tem¯pw PohnXhnip²n¡pw ssewKnI kZmNmc¯n\pw PohnXImew apgph³ \nesImWvS ]cnip²nbpsS {]XoIamb eqXzv \_nbpw Hcn¡epw kaamhpIbnÃ. AcmPIhmZnIfmb Imashdnb·mÀ sa\ªpWvSm¡nb IÅ¡YIÄ ]cnip²cmb {]hmNI·mcpsSta h¨psI«pIbmbncp¶p ss__nÄ. C¯cw FÃmhn[ A]{`wi§fnÂ\n¶pw XoÀ¯pw tamNnXamWv hnip² JpÀB³. {]hmNIXz¯nsâ bYmÀY AhIminbmbncp¶ GimhnÂ\n¶v A¸hpw ]bÀ]mbkhpw \ÂIn AXp hm§pIbmbncp¶p ss__nfnsâ `mjbn bmt¡m_v: ""Hcn¡Â bmt¡m_v ]mbkw DWvSm¡ns¡mWvSncn¡pt¼mÄ Gimhv shfnbnÂ\n¶v hni¶pheªp Ibdnh¶p. "B sNa¶ ]mbk¯n Hcp `mKw F\n¡v XcnI. Rm³ hni¶phebp¶p' F¶v Gimhv bmt¡m_nt\mSv ]dªp.

"BZyw \nsâ P·mhImiw F\n¡p hn¡pI' F¶v bmt¡m_v ]dªp. Gimhv adp]Sn ]dªp: "acn¡mdmbncn¡p¶ F\n¡v P·mhImiw sImWvSv F´p {]tbmP\w?' bmt¡m_v ]dªp: "BZywXs¶ Ft¶mSv {]XnÚ sN¿pI.' Gimhv A{]Imcw {]XnÚ sNbvXp. P·mhImiw bmt¡m_n\p hnäp. XpSÀ¶v bmt¡m_v Gimhn\v A¸hpw ]bÀ]mbkhpw sImSp¯p.''(DÂ]¯n 25: 29þ34). kz´w tPyjvT³ hni¶pheªt¸mÄ AXns\ NqjWwsNbvXv AbmfpsS P·mhImiw X«nsbSp¯ {Iqc\mWv ss__nfnse bmt¡m_v. F¶m JpÀB\nse bAvJq_v\_n hnip²\pw £amioe\pw ]ca acymZ¡mc\pas{X. ss__nÄ hnhcWa\pkcn¨v bmt¡m_nsâ ]nXmhv CkvlmJv IÅw ]dªh\mWv. ""CkvlmJv Kdmdn Xmakn¨p. AhnSs¯ \nhmknIÄ AbmfpsS `mcysb¸än At\zjn¨t¸mÄ AhÄ Fsâ ktlmZcnbmWv F¶v AbmÄ ]dªp. ImcWw, AhÄ Fsâ `mcybmWv F¶p ]dbm³ CkvlmJv `bs¸«p. "dns_¡ kpµcnbmIbm AhÄ¡p thWvSn ØehmknIÄ Fs¶ sImes¸Sp¯ntb¡pw' F¶v AbmÄ Nn´n¨p''.(DÂ]¯n 26: 6þ7). XnIª h©\bpw NXnbpw sNbvXmWv bmt¡m_v ]nXmhnsâ A\p{Klhpw {]mÀY\bpw k¼mZn¨Xv. tPyjvT ktlmZc³ Gimhnsâ AhImiw A\ymbambn X«nsbSp¡pIbmbncp¶p AbmÄ (DÂ]¯n 27: 1þ38). ss__nÄ hnhcWa\pkcn¨v bmt¡m_nsâ `mcym]nXmhv em_m³ sImSnb NXnb\pw `mcy dmt^ hn{Klmcm[IbpamWv (DÂ]¯n 29: 25þ30, 31: 17þ23). {]hmNI\mb bmt¡m_nsâ ]p{Xn hy`nNcn¡s¸«Xmbpw blqZm aIsâ `mcysb hy`nNcn¨Xmbpw ss__nÄ ]dbp¶p (DÂ]¯n 38: 13þ30). ssZhZqX\mb ZmhoZv Xsâ cmPys¯ ]«mf¡mc\mb DudnbmbpsS `mcy _Xvti_sb hy`nNcn¨Xmbpw Ahsf `mcybm¡m\mbn Dudnbsb bp²ap¶Wnbnte¡b¨v sImÃn¨Xmbpw ss__nÄ ]dbp¶p (imapth 11: 1þ16). {]hmNI\mb tkmfa³ ssZhimk\ [n¡cn¨v hne¡s¸«hsc hnhmlw Ign¨Xmbpw ss__nfn ImWmw (cmPm¡·mÀ 11: 1þ14). ]qÀh{]hmNI·mcpsS ]n¡me injy·mÀ {]hmNIm[ym]\§fnÂ\n¶v hyXnNen¨v ss]imNnI ZpÀt_m[\§Ä¡v hiwhZcmbt¸mÄ kz´w A[Àa§fpw kZmNmccmlnXy§fpw {]hmNI·mcnepw Btcm]n¡pIbpw AXv thZ]pkvXI§fn Iq«nt¨À¡pIbpambncp¶p. C§s\ ssIIS¯s¸« ]qÀhthZ§fpsS A\pIcWamWv hnip² JpÀBs\¶v AXns\ kw_Ôn¨ t\cnb Adnsh¦nepapÅ Bcpw Btcm]n¡pIbnÃ. ssZhZqX·msc¸än {]Ncn¸n¡s¸« IÅ¡YIÄ Xncp¯n AhcpsS bYmÀY AhØ A\mhcWw sN¿pIbmWv JpÀB³. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ ss__nÄ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶ {]hmNI·mcn ]ecpw NXnb·mcpw sX½mSnIfpw sImSpw IpähmfnIfpw {Iqc·mcpamsW¦nÂ, JpÀB\nehÀ F¡me¯pw GhÀ¡pw amXrIm tbmKyamb kZvKpW§fpsS DSaIfmb alZv hyànIfmWv; a\pjycminbpsS alm·mcmb amÀKZÀiIcpw.

Ckvemapw ]cnWmakn²m´hpw ""imkv{Xhncp²ambn H¶pw CkvemanensömWtÃm ]dbs¸Sp¶Xv. F¦n Ckvemw ]cnWmakn²m´s¯ AwKoIcn¡p¶ptWvSm?' JÞnXambn sXfnbn¡s¸« imkv{X kXy§Ä¡v hncp²ambsXm¶pw CkvemanensöXv XoÀ¯pw icnbmWv. F¶mÂ, imkv{X\nKa\§Ät¡m Ncn{X]camb A\pam\§Ät¡m CXp _m[IaÃ. ]cnWmahmZw imkv{Xobambn sXfnbn¡s¸« H¶Ã. Ncn{X]camb Hc\pam\w am{XamWv. ]cnWmaw cWvSn\amsW¶v Pohimkv{XÚÀ ]dbp¶p. kq£va]cnWmahpw Øqe]cnWmahpw. kv]ojykn\I¯p \S¡p¶ \nÊmc amä§sf¸änbmWv kq£va]cnWmasa¶p ]dbmdpÅXv. a\pjycn \oWvShcpw Ipdnbhcpw

shfp¯hcpw Idp¯hcpw BWpw s]®pw {]Xn`mimenIfpw aµ_p²nIfpsaÃmapWvStÃm. Htc IpSpw_¯n Htc amXm]nXm¡fpsS a¡fnÂt]mepw Cu sshhn[yw ZriyamWv. C¯cw amä§sf¡pdn¡p¶ kq£va]cnWmas¯ Ckvemw FXnÀ¡p¶nÃ. F¶m Hcp Pohn asäm¶mbn amdp¶ AYhm Hcp kv]ojykv asäm¶mbn amdp¶psh¶v AhImis¸Sp¶ Øqe]cnWmas¯ kw_Ôn¨mWv hyXykvXamb ho£WapÅXv. AXnsem«pw AkmwKXyhpanÃ. ImcWw Øqe]cnWma¯n\v imkv{X¯ntem Ncn{X¯ntem Hcp sXfnhpanÃ. tIcf¯nse ]cnWmahmZnIfpsS ap¶Wnt¸mcmfnbmb tUm. Ipªp®n hÀaXs¶ C¡mcyw Xpd¶pk½Xn¨n«pWvSv. ""]co£WmßIamb sXfnhpIfnsöv ]dªXv Øqe]cnWmas¯¡pdn¨p am{XamWv. AtXkabw, ]co£WhmZ¯neS§nbn«pÅ an¡ X¯z§sf¡pdn¨pw kq£vaamb ]cnWmaamä§sf¡pdn¨pw ]co£W§Ä \S¯n Bin¨ ^e§Ä k¼mZn¡phm³ imkv{XÚ·mÀ¡p Ignªn«pWvSv''(D²cWw: krjvSnhmZhpw ]cnWmahmZnIfpw, ]pdw 33). ]cnWmahmZ¯nsâ D]ÚmXmhmbn hmgv¯s¸Sp¶ NmÄkv UmÀhn³ t]mepw AXns\ A\ntj[yamb Hcp kn²m´ambn Xd¸n¨p ]dªn«nÃ. At±lw FgpXp¶p: ""hntijcq]§fpsS hyXncnàXbpw Ah At\Iw ]cnhÀ¯\I®nIfm tNÀ¡s¸«n«nà F¶Xpw hfsc hyàamb {]iv\amWv...'' ""Fsâ kn²m´{]Imcw kneqdnb³ L«¯n\p ap¼v XoÀ¨bmbpw FhnsSsb¦nepw ASnªpIqSnbncn¡mhp¶ hn]peamb t^mknÂ]mfnIfpsS A`mhw DÄs¡mÅp¶XnepÅ {]bmkw hfsc hepXmWv. CXp hniZoIcn¡m\mhmsX XpScpw. Rm\nhnsS AhXcn¸n¨ ho£W§tfmSpÅ, km[pXbpÅ FXnÀhmZambn \ymbambpw CXp¶bn¡s¸t«¡mw.''(HdnPn³ Hm^v kv]ojykv, t]Pv 314. D²cWw, UmÀhn\nkw: {]Xo£bpw {]XnkÔnbpw, ]pdw 23). ""UmÀhn³ IrXnbnse H¼Xmw A[ymb¯nsâ Xes¡«v "`qimkv{X tcJbpsS A]qÀWXsb¸än' F¶mWv. t^mkn irwJebnse hnShpIsf¸än UmÀhn³ \ÂIp¶ hniZoIcW§fmWv AXnsâ DÅS¡w. At±lw FgpXn: "hntijcq]§fpsS hyXncnàXbpw Ah At\Iw ]cnhÀ¯\I®nIfm tNÀ¡s¸«n«nà F¶Xpw hfsc hyàamb {]iv\amWv'' (HdnPn³ Hm^v kv]ojykv, t]Pv 291. D²cWw, UmÀhn\nkw: {]Xo£bpw {]XnkÔnbpw, ]pdw 30). ""Htc {Kq¸nse hnhn[ kv]ojykpIÄ ]g¡tadnb ]mentbm tkmbnIv IÂ]¯nsâ BZyL«amb kneqdnb³ ]mfnIfn s]s«¶v {]Xy£s¸Sp¶Xmbn A¡mes¯ DXvJ\\§Ä sXfnbn¨ncp¶p. kneqdnb\v sXm«pap¼pÅ {ItÌjy³ ]mfnbn ChbpsS ap³KmanIsf ImtWWvSnbncp¶p. ]t£, e`yambnÃ. CXp KpcpXcamb {]iv\amsW¶v k½Xn¨psImWvSv UmÀhn³ FgpXp¶p: "Cu hnkvXrXamb {]mKvL«§fpsS tcJIÄ F´psImWvSp ImWp¶nsö tNmZy¯n\v kwXr]vXamb D¯cw \ÂIm³ F\n¡p IgnbnÃ''(HdnPn³ Hm^v kv]ojykv, t]Pv, 313. D²cWw, UmÀhn\nkw: {]Xo£bpw {]XnkÔnbpw, ]pdw 30). NmÄkv UmÀhn\p tijw ]cnWmahmZ¯n\v Dt]mZv_eIamb sXfnhpIsfm¶pw e`n¨n«nsöXv {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyamWv. Nn¡mtKm kÀhIemimebnse `qKÀ` imkv{XhIp¸nsâ sNbÀam³ tUhnUv Fw. dq¸v FgpXp¶p: ""Xsâ kn²m´hpw t^mkn sXfnhpIfpw X½nepÅ s]mcp¯t¡Sn\v kmam\y ]cnlmcambn t^mkn tcJ hfsc A]qÀhamsW¶mWv UmÀhn³ ]dªXv. UmÀhn\ptijw \qäncp]Xv hÀjw Ignªncn¡p¶p. t^mkn tcJsb¸änbpÅ hnÚm\w hfsctbsd hnIkn¨n«pWvSv. \ap¡nt¸mÄ cWvSp e£¯n A¼Xn\mbncw t^mkn kv]ojykpIfpsWvS¦nepw ØnXn A{Xsbm¶pw amdnbn«nÃ. ]cnWmatcJ Ct¸mgpw hnkvabn¸n¡pwhn[w `wKapÅXmWv. hntcm[m`mksat¶mWw UmÀhnsâ Ime¯pWvSmbncp¶Xnt\¡mÄ Ipdª ]cnWma DZmlcW§tf \ap¡pÅq'' ( Conflicts between Darwinism and Paloeantology Bullettin Field Museum of Natural History: 50 Jan 1979, P: 22 D²cWw Ibid ]pdw 23).

UmÀhn\nk¯n ]cnWmahmZnIÄ¡pXs¶ hnizmkw \jvSs¸«psImWvSncn¡pIbmWv. HmIvkvt^mÀUv kÀhIemime 1982þ ]pd¯nd¡nb, {]apJ P´pimkv{XÚ\pw ]cnWmahmZnbpamb slmhmUnsâ UmÀhns\ kw_Ôn¨ PohNcn{X IrXnbnen§s\ ImWmw: ""UmÀhnsâ acWiXm_vZntbmsS hnÚm\¯n\pÅ UmÀhnsâ kw`mh\bpsS hnetbbpw \netbbpw ]än hym]Iamb kwibat\m`mhhpw AkzØXbpw DWvSmbnhcp¶p''(D²cWw: krjvSnhmZhpw ]cnWmahmZnIfpw, ]pdw 54). {]apJ t^mkn imkv{XÚcmb Ìo^³ KuÄUpw \oÂkv FÂss{UUvPpw UmÀhn\nk¯n hnizmkw \jvSs¸«Xn\m ]pXnb kn²m´w BhnjvIcn¡pIbpWvSmbn. hnizhnJymXcmb ]cnWmahmZnIÄ¡pt]mepw X§Ä apt¼m«ph¨ kn²m´¯nsâ ZuÀ_ey§sf¡pdn¨v \¶mbdnbmw. kXykÔcmb Nnesc¦nepw AXv Xpd¶p]dbmdpWvSv. {]ikvX ]pcmPohnimkv{XÚ\pw ]cnWma hnizmknbpamb tUm. tImfn³ ]mtägvk¬ FgpXnb I¯nen§s\ ImWmw: ""]£nIfpsSsbÃmw ap³Kmanbmbncp¶pthm BÀ¡ntbm]vsSdnIvkv? Hcp]t£, Bbncn¡mw. Hcp]t£ AÃmbncn¡mw. Cu tNmZy¯n\p D¯cw IsWvS¯m³ bmsXmcp amÀKhpanÃ. Hcp cq]¯nÂ\n¶pw asämcp cq]apWvSmbsX§s\sb¶Xns\¸än IYIÄ sa\bm³ Ffp¸amWv; {]IrXn\nÀ[mcWw Hmtcm L«s¯bpw F§s\bmWv ]n´pW¨sX¶p ]dbm\pw. ]t£, A¯cw IYIÄ imkv{X¯nsâ `mKaÃ. ImcWw Ahsb ]co£W hnt[bam¡m\mhnÃ'' (1979 G{]n 10þse ]mtägvksâ I¯v Scopes II The Great Debate pp. 14þ15. D²cWw: Ibid ]pdw 68). {]apJ krjvSnhmZ Fgp¯pImc\mb kpâÀemânsâ I¯n\pÅ adp]Sn¡¯mbncp¶p tImfn³ ]mtägvktâXv. AXnet±lw C{XIqSn Ipdn¨nSpIbpWvSmbn: ""]cnWma]camb ]cnhÀ¯\§fpsS t\cn«pÅ DZmlcW§Ä Fsâ ]pkvXI¯n CÃm¯Xns\¡pdn¨pÅ Xm¦fpsS A`n{]mb§tfmSv Rm³ ]qÀWambn tbmPn¡p¶p. Pohn¨ncn¡p¶tXm t^mkn cq]¯nepÅtXm Bb A¯cw GsX¦nepw H¶ns\¡pdn¨v F\n¡dnbmambncps¶¦n XoÀ¨bmbpw Rm\Xv DÄs¸Sp¯pambncp¶p. A¯cw ]cnhÀ¯\§Ä Hcp BÀ«nÌns\s¡mWvSv `mh\bn hc¸n¨pIqtSsb¶v Xm¦Ä \nÀtZin¡p¶p. ]t£, AtX¸änbpÅ hnhc§Ä AbmÄ¡v FhnsS\n¶v e`n¡pw? kXykÔambn ]dªm F\n¡v \ÂIm\mhnÃ.''( Ibid ]pdw 68) imkv{X¯nsâ IsWvS¯epIsfms¡ UmÀhn\nks¯ iàns¸Sp¯nbnt«bpÅqsh¶v ASp¯Imew hsc iàambn hmZn¨ncp¶ tUm. F.F³. \¼qXncnt]mepw adn¨p]dbm³ \nÀ_ÔnX\mhpIbpWvSmbn. At±lw FgpXn: ""imkv{XcwKs¯ ]pXnb amä§Ä DÄs¡mÅm\pw DuÀPkzeambn \ne\nÀ¯m\pw UmÀhn\nk¯n\p CXphsc Ignªp. ASp¯Ime¯mWv Nn{Xw amdnbXv. Ct¸mgpw UmÀhn\nk¯nsâ {]`bv¡v s]mXpsh a§teän«nÃ. F¦nepw Pohsâ Ncn{X¯nse Nne L«§fnse¦nepw ]cnWma¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\coXn UmÀhn³ k¦Â]¯n\v A\ptbmPyaà F¶ kqN\IfpWvSv. UmÀhn\nkw t\cnSp¶ BZys¯ {]XnkÔn.'' (UmÀhn\nkw hgn¯ncnhnÂ, IemIuapZn 1076, t]Pv 19). imkv{XkXy§fpsS t\sc D¶bn¡s¸Sp¶ tNmZy§Ä¡v Xr]vXnIcamb adp]SnIfpWvSmbncn¡pw. F¶m ]cnWmahmZ¯n\p t\sc ss[jWnI Xe¯nÂ\n¶v DbÀ¯s¸« tNmZy§Äs¡m¶pw CtXhsc adp]Sn e`n¨n«nÃ. DZmlcW¯n\v H¶pam{XanhnsS D²cn¡mw.""PohnIfn \nc´cambn hyXnbm\§Ä DWvSmbns¡mWvSncn¡p¶p. A\pIqe hyXnbm\§sf {]IrXn\nÀ[mcWw hgn AXnPohn¸n¡p¶Xn\m Ah ]mc¼cyambn ssIamds¸Sp¶p. A\pIqeKpW§Ä kzcq]n¡s¸«v ]pXnb PohnhÀK§fpWvSmhp¶p'' F¶mWv UmÀhn\nk¯nsâ hmZw. CXp icnbmsW¦n GItZiw ap¶qdptImSn hÀj§Ä¡¸pdw DWvSmb (C¶pw \ne\n¡p¶) GItImi efnXPohnIfmb Aao_IÄ F´psImWvShtijn¨p? C¶p ImWs¸Sp¶ Aao_IfpsS ap³XeapdIfn \nc´cambn hyXnbm\§Ä DWvSmbntÃ? Csæn F´psImWvSv? Ah asämcp PohnhÀKambn ]cnWan¡msX {]XnIqe ]cnXxØnXnIsf F§s\ AXnPohn¨p?

ap¶qdptImSn hÀj§Ä¡¸pdw \ne\n¶ GItImi§fpsS Hcp t{iWn AtX]Sn XpScpIbpw asämcp t{iWn AkwJyw ]pXnb kv]ojykpIfneqsS kkvX\nIfnse¯pIbpw sNbvXsX´psImWvSv? C¯cw tNmZy§Ä UmÀhn\nk¯nsâ ssk²m´nI tijnsb ]co£n¡p¶hbmWv. Cu hkvXpX Xs¶ Ipg¡p¶Xmbn UmÀhn³ Xs¶ k½Xn¨n«pWvSv. 1860 sabv 22þ\v UmÀhn³ At±l¯nsâ ]n´pW¡mc\pw lmÀhmÀUv kÀhIemimebnse kkyimkv{XÚ\pambncp¶ Akmt{K¡v FgpXn: ""I¯pIfnÂ\n¶pw A`n{]mb {]IS\§fnÂ\n¶pw a\ÊnemIp¶Xn\\pkcn¨v Fsâ IrXnbpsS Gähpw henb t]mcmbva FÃm ssPhcq]§fpw ]ptcmKan¡p¶psh¦n ]ns¶ efnXamb ssPhcq]§Ä F´n\p \ne\n¡p¶p F¶p hniZoIcn¡m³ IgnbmsX t]mbXmWv.''({^m³knkv UmÀhn³ FUnäp sNbvX The life and letters of Charls Darwin F¶ IrXnbnÂ\n¶v, F³. Fw. lpssk³, UmÀhn\nkw: {]Xo£bpw {]XnkÔnbpw, ]pdw 18,19). ]cnWmahmZnIÄ BZyIme¯v X§fpsS hmZ¯n\v sXfnhmbn FSp¯pImWn¨ncp¶ \nbmWvSÀXm a\pjycpsS t^mknepIÄ IWtcmKw _m[n¨ km[mcW a\pjycpsS AØnIÄ tNÀ¯psh¨XmsW¶v ]n¶oSv sXfnbn¡s¸SpIbpWvSmbn. AtXmsS arKOmbbpÅ \nbmWvSÀXm a\pjysâ IYbpw I®nbpw Aäpt]mbn IYmhtijambn. ]Icsam¶p hbv¡m\nt¶mfw ]cnWmahmZnIÄ¡p km[n¨n«nÃ. C{]ImcwXs¶bmWv l«v a\pjysâ IYbpw. a\pjy\pw BÄ¡pc§\panSbnse {]kn²amsbmcp I®nbmbmWv ]cnWmahmZnIÄ l«v a\pjys\ AhXcn¸n¨ncp¶Xv. F¶m BÄ¡pc§nsâ XmSnsbÃv a\pjysâ Xetbm«n LSn¸n¨v Ir{Xnaambn DWvSm¡nbXmWv Cu AÀ[ a\pjy t^mknse¶v ]n¶oSv sXfnbn¡s¸SpIbpWvSmbn. CsXÃmw ]cnWmahmZs¯ IYmhtijam¡p¶Xn AXn{][m\amb ]¦mWv hln¨psImWvSncn¡p¶Xv. Npcp¡¯nÂ, ]cnWmahmZ¯n\v Fs´¦nepw imkv{Xob ASn¯dtbm {]amW¯nsâ ]n³_etam CÃ. tIhew hnIe `mh\bpw A\pam\§fpw \nKa\§fpw am{XamWXv. AXnsâ hnizmkyX ASn¡Sn \jvSs¸«psImWvSncn¡pIbmWv. C¯csam¶ns\ Ckvemw AwKoIcn¡p¶ptWvSm F¶ {]iv\w DZv`hn¡p¶nÃ. ]cnWma k¦ev]w Hcp kn²m´ambn sXfnbn¡s¸Spt¼mtg AXnsâ t\scbpÅ Ckvemansâ kao]\w hniIe\w sN¿p¶XneÀYapÅq

ssZhw IAv_bntem? apkvenwIÄ F´n\mWv \akvImc¯n IAv_bnte¡v Xncnªp\n¡p¶Xv? IAv_bnemtWm ssZhw? Asæn IAv_ ssZh¯nsâ {]XoItam {]XnjvTtbm?'' Ckvemansâ ho£W¯n ssZhw GsX¦nepw {]tXyIØe¯v ]cnanXt\m IpSnbncp¯s¸«ht\m AÃ. ssZh¯n\v {]XnaItfm {]XnjvTItfm CÃ. ""Ing¡pw ]Snªmdpw AÃmlphntâXmIp¶p. \n§Ä FhnsS Xncnªmepw AhnsSsbÃmw Ahsâ hZ\apWvSv. AÃmlp AXnhnime\pw kÀhÚ\pas{X.''(JpÀB³ 2: 115) ""BImi`qanIfpsS kIe kwKXnIfpw AÃmlp Adnbp¶psh¶v \n§fdnbp¶ntÃ? Hcn¡epw aq¶pt]À X½n clkykw`mjWw \S¡p¶nÃ, Ahcn \mema\mbn AÃmlp CÃmsX. Asæn A©pt]cpsS clkykw`mjWwþBdma\mbn AÃmlp CÃmsX \S¡p¶nÃ. clkyw]dbp¶hÀ CXnepw Ipd¨mhs« IqSpXemhs«, AhschnsSbmbncp¶mepw AÃmlp AhtcmsSm¸apWvSmbncn¡pw.'' (58:7) ""a\pjys\ krjvSn¨Xv \mamIp¶p. Ahsâ a\ÊnepWcp¶ tXm¶epIÄ hsc \madnbp¶p. Ahsâ IWvT\mUntb¡mÄ Aht\mSSp¯h\s{X \mw.''(50: 16)

temIsa§papÅ apgph³ a\pjyscbpw AJne PohnX taJeIfnepw GIoIcn¡p¶ ka{K PohnX]²XnbmWv Ckvemw. AXnsâ Bcm[\m{Iaw hnizmknIsf GIoIcn¡p¶Xn A\Â]amb ]¦phln¡p¶p. CXp km[yamhWsa¦n FÃmhcpsSbpw Bcm[\mcoXn Htchn[amthWvSXpWvStÃm. AXn\m \akvImc¯n hnizsa§papÅ hnizmknIÄ¡v Xncnªp\n¡m³ HcnSw A\nhmcyas{X. AXv ssZhs¯ am{Xw Bcm[n¡m\mbn BZyambn \nÀan¡s¸« IAv_bmbn \nÝbn¡s¸SpIbmWpWvSmbXv. AXpsImWvSv B hnip² tZhmebw temIP\Xsb GIoIcn¡p¶ tI{µ_nµphmWv. ssZhw {]tXyIambn IpSnbncp¯s¸« CStam ssZh¯nsâ {]XoItam {]XnjvTtbm H¶paÃ. adn¨v, AXv GIssZhmcm[\bpsS {]XoIamWv. ""\nÊwibw, a\pjyÀ¡mbn \nÀan¡s¸« {]Ya tZhmebw a¡bn ØnXnsN¿p¶XpXs¶bmIp¶p. AXv A\pKrloXhpw temIÀ¡mIam\w amÀKZÀiI tI{µhpambn«s{X \nÀan¡s¸«n«pÅXv.'' (JpÀB³ 3:96) ""Cu aµncs¯ \mw P\§Ä¡v Hcp tI{µhpw A`bØm\hpambn \nÝbn¨Xpw kvacn¡pI''(2:125). ""hnip²tKlamb IAv_mebs¯ AÃmlp P\§Ä¡v (kmaqlnI PohnX¯nsâ) \ne\nÂ]n\pÅ B[mcam¡n \nÝbn¨ncn¡p¶p''(5: 97). AXn\m hnip² tZhmebs¯bà Bcm[nt¡WvSXv, AXnsâ \mY\mb ssZhs¯ am{XamWv. ""AXn\m \n§Ä Cu aµnc¯nsâ \mYs\ hW§phn³''(106:3). Nne {]apJ Ncn{XImc·mÀ t]mepw sXän²cn¡pIbpw sXämbn tcJs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXXpt]mse IAv_ Hcp IÃÃ. IÃpsImWvSv \nÀan¡s¸« ]{´WvSp aoäÀ \ofhpw ]¯paoäÀ hoXnbpw ]Xn\©paoäÀ DbchpapÅ Hcp aµncamWv. IAv_ F¶ ]Zw Xs¶ L\NXpcs¯(Iyq_v)bmWv {]Xn\n[oIcn¡p¶Xv. \nÀamWNmXpcntbm inÂ]`wKntbm IeItfm sIm¯p]WnItfm H«panÃm¯ emfnXy¯nsâ {]XoIamWXv. F¶m temI¯nse Gähpw {it²bamb `h\amWXv. \qdp tImSntbmfw a\pjyÀ \nXyhpw \s¶ Npcp§nbXv A©p t\csa¦nepw AXnsâ t\sc Xncnªp\n¡p¶p. \nch[n \qämWvSpIfneqsS IS¶pt]mb tImSm\ptImSn hnizmknIfpsS apJw A´yhn{ia¯n\mbn Xncn¨phbv¡s¸«Xpw IAv_bpsS t\scbmWv. P\hnImc§fpambn Cuhn[w sI«p]nWªp InS¡p¶ Hcp aµnchpw temI¯v thsdbnÃ. ssZh¯nsâ `h\amWXv. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ apgph³ a\pjycptSXpamWv. GIssZhmcm[\bpsS {]XoIhpw FÃm GIssZhmcm[IcpsSbpw {]mÀY\bpsS ZnibpamWXv.

""F´n\mWv apkvenwIÄ IAv_¡p Npäpw Id§p¶Xv? F´mWv AXnsâ {]tbmP\w? HcÀYhpanÃm¯ BNmcatà AXv?'' ssZhamWv Xs¶ F§s\ Bcm[n¡Wsa¶v Xocpam\nt¡WvSXv. ]qÀh{]hmNI\mb C_vdmlow \_nbpsS Imew sXmt«bpÅ ssZh\nÝnXamb Bcm[\mIÀaamWXv. \ap¡p tXm¶nbXpt]msebÃtÃm \mw ssZhs¯ hWt§WvSXv. A§s\ Bbncp¶psh¦n \ap¡v bpàsa¶v tXm¶p¶ coXnIÄ BhnjvIcn¡mambncp¶p. F¶m Bcm[\mIÀa§Ä GsXms¡sb¶pw Ft¸mÄ, GXphn[sa¶pw ssZhw IWniambn \nÀWbn¨n«pWvSv. Xsâ ZqX·mcneqsS kaqls¯ ]Tn¸n¨n«papWvSv. Ahbn Fs´¦nepw Iq«nt¨À¡mt\m sh«n¡pdbv¡mt\m amäwhcp¯mt\m BÀ¡pw A\phmZtam AhImitam CÃ. IAv_¡p NpäpapÅ Id¡hpw Cuhn[w \nÀWnX cq]apÅ, ssZh\nÀZnjvSamb Bcm[\m IÀaamWv. F¶m CXnsâ ]n¶n al¯mb bpànbpw AÀYhpapsWvS¶v AÂ]w BtemNn¨m a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv.

a\pjy³ {]]©LS\tbmSv XmZmßyw {]m]n¡p¶p; AXnse AÛpXIcamb kwhn[m\t¯mSv DÄt¨cp¶ AXnhninjvSamb Bcm[\mIÀaamWXv. hnip² IAv_bmWXnsâ tI{µ_nµp. P\w AXn\p Npäpw Id§p¶p. kucbqY¯nse {Kl§Ä kqcy\p Npäpsa¶t]mse. ]camWphnse CeIvt{SmWpIÄ \yq¢nbkn\p Npäpw Id§p¶Xpt]mse. GgpXhW Npänbmte Hcp {]mhiyambn ]cnKWn¡pIbpÅq. AYhm Ggp {]mhiyw Npäp¶XmWv Hcp Xzhm^v. ChnsS Ggv F¶Xv {]]©LS\sb {]Xn\n[oIcn¡p¶p. `qJÞ§Ä GgmWtÃm. kap{Zhpw GgpXs¶. BImihpw GgmsW¶v JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p. heXphi¯n\v Gsd {]mapJyw IÂ]n¨ Ckvemw Xzhm^n IAv_, XoÀYmSIsâ CSXphi¯mhWsa¶v \njvIÀjn¨ncn¡p¶p. CXv hfsctbsd {it²bas{X. CXphgn IAv_¡p NpäpapÅ Id¡w {]IrXnhyhØbpambn ]qÀWambpw s]mcp¯s¸Sp¶p. kucbqY¯nse tKmf§Ä kqcys\ Npäp¶Xv, AXv CSXphiw hcpwhn[amWv. AYhm Xzhm^nteXpt]mse, LSnImc¯nsâ kqNn ]ndtIm«v Xncnbpwhn[amWv. {Kl§Ä kz´w A£¯n Id§p¶Xpw Bhn[w Xs¶. [qatIXp¡Ä kqcy\pNpäpw Nen¡p¶Xpw AtX ZnibnemWv. AÞþ_oPk¦e\w \S¡pwap¼v ]pcpj_oP§Ä AÞ¯n\p Npäpw Id§p¶Xpw Bânt¢m¡v sshknemWv. A§s\ hninjvSamb Cu Bcm[\mIÀaw {]]©hyhØtbmSv hnkvabIcamwhn[w tbmPn¨ph¶ncn¡p¶p. ]camWp apX KmeIvkn hscbpÅ {]hnimeamb Cu {]]©¯nsâ `mKamWv Xms\¶pw Ahsbms¡ {kjvSmhmb ssZh¯n\v hg§n, hW§p¶t]mse Xm\pw Ahs\ am{Xw Bcm[n¨pw A\pkcn¨pw Pohnt¡WvSh\msW¶papÅ t_m[apWÀ¯p¶ Cu A\pjvTm\w Xms\§s\ sN¿psa¶Xnsâ {]XoImßIamb {]Jym]\w IqSnbmWv. IAv_¡p NpäpapÅ Id¡¯nsâ AXnal¯chpw AXy´w hnkvabIchpamb Cu AÀYXe§Ä Adnbm³ km[n¨Xv ASp¯Ime¯v am{XamWv. C\nbpw ]nSnIn«m¯ ]e am\§fpw AXn\pWvSmtb¡mw. ssZh\nÀZnjvSamb Bcm[\ Ahsâ krjvSnIfmb a\pjyÀ AXnsâ bpànbpw \ymbhpw a\Ênembmepw Csænepw \nÝnX cq]¯n \nÀhln¡m³ _m[yØcmWv

hn[nhnizmkw `uXnIhmZ¯nepw Ckvemanepw ""ssZhw kÀhià\pw kÀhÚ\pamWtÃm. F¦n temI¯nse a\pjyscÃmw FÆn[ambncn¡psa¶pw F§s\bmWv Pohn¡pIsb¶pw ssZh¯n\v ap³Iq«n AdnbntÃ? ZnhyÚm\¯n\v sXäp]äm\nSbnÃm¯Xn\m FÃmw ap³Iq«n ssZhw Xocpam\n¨p h¨n«psWvS¶pw AXnsem«pw amäw hcp¯m\mÀ¡pw km[yasöpatà CXn\ÀYw? ssZhhn[n¡\pkrXambn Ncn¡p¶ a\pjy³ XoÀ¯pw AkzX{´\tÃ? ]ns¶, \nÀ_ÔnXambn sN¿p¶ IÀa§fpsS t]cn Ahs\ in£n¡p¶Xv \oXnbmtWm?'' aXhnizmknIfpw \ntj[nIfpw Cu hnjbIambn \nc´cw kwib§fp¶bn¡pI ]XnhmWv. AXn\m Cu hnjbw AÂ]w hniZambn Xs¶ ]cmaÀin¡p¶Xv ^e{]Zambncn¡psa¶v {]Xo£n¡p¶p. ssZhhn[nsbbpw a\pjykzmX{´ys¯bpw kw_Ôn¨ CkvemanI ho£Ww hniZoIcn¡p¶Xn\p ap¼v a\pjymhØsb kw_Ôn¨ `uXnI k¦Â]w ]cntim[n¡p¶Xv \¶mbncn¡pw. 1. `uXnIhmZnIÄ A{]amZnXzw IÂ]n¨ P\nXIimkv{Xa\pkcn¨v a\pjy³ XoÀ¯pw AkzX{´\mWv. Ahsâ hnImc hnNmc§fpw Xocpam\§fpw IÀa§fpsaÃmw icocLS\bpsS krjvSnbmWv. ssPhhkvXp¡Ä cq]wsImÅp¶Xv PohtImi§fn \n¶mWv. Ahbv¡pÅnse t{ImatkmapIfnse Po\pIfnepÅ P\nXItImUpIfmWv PohnIfpsS kz`mhw \nÀWbn¡p¶Xv. a\pjysâ ØnXnbpw CXpXs¶. AXn\m IcpWbpw {IqcXbpw kÂkz`mhhpw Zpxkz`mhhpw kXvIÀa§fpw ZpjvIÀa§fpsaÃmw P\nXI tImUpIÄ¡\pkcn¨mWpWvSmIp¶Xv. a\pjysâ icoc{]IrXw apX hnImc hnNmc§Ä hsc Ahsb AÔambn

A\p[mh\w sN¿pIbmWv. PohnX¯nse apgph³ Imcy§fpw IÀa§fpw Cu hn[w P\nXI tImUpIfn tcJs¸Sp¯s¸«n«psWvS¶v AXpkw_Ôamb imkv{Xw AhImis¸Sp¶p. AhbnÂ\n¶v AWpAfhv sXämt\m Ahsb ewLn¡mt\m BÀ¡pw km[yaÃ. AYhm a\pjy³ XoÀ¯pw Xsâ icocLS\¡v hnt[b\mWv. akvXnjvI¯nsâbpw \mUohyql§fpsSbpw ]ZmÀY]camb LS\bmWv Ahsâ `mKt[bw ]cn]qÀWambpw Xocpam\n¡p¶Xpw \nb{´n¡p¶Xpw. AXn BÀ¡pw CSs]Smt\m GsX¦nepw hn[¯n ]¦phln¡mt\m km[yaÃ. AXn\m B[p\nI `uXnI P\nXI imkv{Xa\pkcn¨v a\pjy³ {]IrXnhn[n¡v hnt[b\mWv. AXnÂ\n¶v ]pd¯pIS¡m\mIm¯hn[w ]qÀWambpw AkzX{´\pw. \mw icn, sXäv, \·, Xn·, [Àaw, A[Àaw, hn\bw, Al¦mcw, I\nhv, {IqcX Fs¶ms¡ ]dbp¶Xv Po\pIfnse P\nXItImUpIfpsS ^eambpWvSmIp¶hbmWv. imcocnImtcmKyw t]mse Xs¶bmWv PohnX hnip²nbpw. t¾OX A\mtcmKyw t]msebpw. AXn\m alÂIrXy§fpsS t]cn BfpIsf hmgv¯p¶Xv imcocnImtcmKy¯nsâ t]cn A`n\µn¡p¶Xpt]mse AÀYiq\yas{X. lo\IrXy§fpsS t]cn CIgv¯p¶Xv A\mtcmKy¯nsâ t]cn A]e]n¡p¶Xpt]msebpw. 2. NmÄkv UmÀhnsâ ]cnWmakn²m´w apt¶m«phbv¡p¶ iàamb HcmibamWv "]mc¼cy\nbaw'. AX\pkcn¨v a\pjysâ kz`mhhpw s]cpamähpw PohnXcoXnbpsaÃmw bpKm´c§fneqsS Xeapd XeapdIfmbn XpSÀ¶p hcp¶hbmWv. ss]XrI¯nsâ ]nSnbnÂ\n¶v IpXdnamdm\mÀ¡pw km[yaÃ. a\pjy³ sN¿p¶ \·bpsSbpw Xn·bpsSbpw _oP§Ä Xsâ ]qÀh]c¼cbnse GtXm {]]nXmhn\m \nt£]n¡s¸«Xmbncn¡pw. AbmfneXpWvSmbXv ap³KmanIfnse apXpap¯Ñ³ \nt£]n¨Xnsâ ^ehpw. AXn\m AWvSnbn \n¶v amhpWvSmhp¶Xpt]mse A\nhmcyambpw ]mc¼cy¯n \n¶h ]ndhnsbSp¡pw. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ BÀ¡pw X§fpsS kz`mhcoXnIfpw s]cpamä k{¼Zmb§fpw IÀa]cn]mSnIfpw Xocpam\n¡p¶Xnsemcp ]¦panÃ. FÃmw AewL\obamb ss]XrI¯n\pw ]mc¼cy¯n\pw hnt[bamWv. a\pjy³ Ime¯nsâ ssIIfnse Ifn¸mh am{Xw. 3. ImdÂamÀIvkpw s{^UdnIv GwKÂkpapÄs¸sSbpÅ `uXnI ZmÀi\nIcpsS ho£W¯nÂ, a\pjy³ kmaqlnImhØIfpsSbpw km¼¯nI LS\bpsSbpw kmwkvImcnI kmlNcy¯nsâbpw krjvSnbmWv. tIhe `uXnI Xe¯nÂ\n¶v Ncn{Xs¯ hymJym\n¨hÀ Cu ho£Ww kaÀYn¡m\mbn kam\amb kmlNcy¯n kaql¯n ImWs¸« hnZqc kmZriy§sf t]mepw tXSn¸nSn¡pIbpWvSmbn. a\pjysâ kz`mhhpw s]cpamähpw hnImc hnNmc§fpw IÀa k{¼Zmb§fpw PohnX kao]\§fpsaÃmw _mlyamb ImcW§fm kw`hn¡p¶XmsW¶v AhchImis¸Sp¶p. P\§fnse \·Xn·IÄ AhÀ Pohn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fpsS kzm[o\Xbm kw`hn¡p¶XmsW¶ ho£WawKoIcn¨ Cu hn`mKw icnbpw sXäpw [Àahpw A[Àahpw \ymbhpw A\ymbhpsams¡ kmlNcy§fpsS krjvSnbmsW¶v hmZn¡p¶p. ChnsSbpw hyàn XoÀ¯pw AkzX{´\mWv; kmlNcy§fpsS hn[n¡v ]qÀWhnt[b\pw. aX\ncmk¯nsâ apJap{ZbWnª `uXnI hmZw A\ntj[yambn IcpXp¶ D]cypà ho£W§sfÃmw a\pjy³ XoÀ¯pw AkzX{´\msW¶v hnfw_cw sN¿p¶p. kz´hpw kzX{´hpamb COtbm Xocpam\tijntbm BÀ¡panÃ. {]IrXn\nba§fm _ÔnX\mWh³. AewL\obamb hn[nbpsS Cc. Chm³ ]mhvtemhv FgpXp¶p: ""{]IrXnbnepÅ asäÃm hyhØIsfbpw t]mse a\pjy³ Hcp hyhØbmWv. {]IrXnbpsS AewL\obhpw kmam\yhpamb \nba§Ä¡v a\pjy³ Iogvs]«ncn¡p¶p'' ( Psychologic Experimental, D²cWw: AenPm Aen Cʯv s_tKmhn¨vþ "Ckvemw cmPamÀKw', ]pdw 39). s{^UdnIv GwKÂkv ]dbp¶p: ""a\pjy³ Ahsâ ]cntXmhØbpsSbpw tPmenbpsSbpw DÂ]¶amWv''(D²cWw Ibid, ]pdw 39). a\pjys\mgn¨pÅ PohPme§sf kw_Ônt¨St¯mfw CsXÃmw icnbmWv. F¶m a\pjy³ XoÀ¯pw AkzX{´t\m {]IrXn\nba§fm _ÔnXt\m AÃ.

1. ]£nIfpw arK§fpw CgPohnIfpw PePohnIfpsaÃmw AhbpsS P·hmk\IÄ¡\pkrXambmWv \nesImÅp¶Xv. Ahsb ewLn¡mt\m adnIS¡mt\m Ahbv¡v km[yaÃ. P·hmk\IfpsS Imcy¯n a\pjyt\¡mÄ anI¨p\n¡p¶ \nch[n PohPme§fpWvSv. B P·hmk\IfmWv AhbpsS \ne\nÂ]pw kpc£bpw Dd¸phcp¯p¶Xv. F¶m P·hmk\IÄ \nb{´n¡m\hbv¡mhnÃ. hni¶pheª ]iphn\v ]pÃv In«nbm Xn¶mXncn¡m³ km[yaÃ. Zmln¨p hnhibmb ]«n¡v shÅw In«nbm IpSn¡mXncn¡m³ IgnbnÃ. sIm¯m³ hcp¶ tImgnbpsS ap¼neIs¸« ]qh³ tImgn £an¡pItbm am¸p ]dbpItbm sN¿mdnÃ. tX\o¨¡v \nÀWnXamb cq]¯neÃmsX AXnsâ IqSv \nÀan¡m\mhnÃ. tZimS\]£nIÄ¡v hnZqctZi§sf {]m]n¡mXncn¡m³ km[yaÃ. F¶m a\pjysâ ØnXn adn¨mWv. ITn\amb ZmlapÅt¸mÄ shÅw In«nbm IpSn¡m³ sImXnbpsWvS¦nepw IpSn¡mXncn¡m\h\v Ignbpw. AXniàamb hni¸pÅt¸mÄ Blmcw In«nbm AXv Ign¡m\m{KlapsWvS¦nepw Xn¶mXncn¡m\h\v km[n¡pw. "FSm' F¶p hnfn¡p¶ht\mSv "t]mSm' F¶p ]dbm³ ]qXnbpsWvS¦nepw {]XntbmKnsb t]Snt¨m BÀPnXamb kwkvImcw sImtWvSm A§s\ ]dbmXncn¡m\h\v H«pw {]bmkanÃ. kz´w PohnXcoXn \nÀWbn¡m\pw Xocpam\n¡m\pah\v km[n¡pw. alnXamb BZÀi§Ä¡mbn BßmÀ¸Ww \S¯p¶ hn¹hImcn XnIª COmiàn sImWvSmWXv sN¿p¶Xv. taml§sf sacp¡nsbSp¡m\pw B{Kl§sf \nb{´n¡m\pw COIfpsS ta ta[mhnXzw ]peÀ¯m\pw km[n¡p¶ a\pjy³ P·hmk\IfpsS ASnabÃ; AhbpsS bPam\\mWv. icocLS\bpsStbm ]mc¼cy¯nsâtbm kmlNcy¯nsâtbm krjvSnbpaÃ. adn¨v, kz´w `mKt[bw Xocpam\n¡m³ km[n¡p¶ kzX{´amb AkvXnXz¯nsâbpw hyànXz¯nsâbpw DSabmWv. 2. \nÀ_ÔnXambn sN¿p¶ IÀa§fpsS t]cn Bcpw hmgv¯s¸SpItbm CIgv¯s¸SpItbm CÃ. k½m\mÀlt\m in£mÀlt\m BhpIbnÃ. bPam\sâ \nÀ_Ô¯n\p hg§n tamjWw \S¯p¶ ASnatbm hgnbm{X¡msc IsÃdnbp¶ at\mtcmKntbm Ipä¡mc\mbn KWn¡s¸SpIbnÃ. F¶m aämsc¦nepaXv sNbvXm ]m]w Npa¯s¸SpIbpw in£n¡s¸SpIbpw sN¿pw. AXn\m `qanbn {]iwkbpw Bt£]hpw in£bpw c£bpsams¡ \ÂIs¸Sp¶psh¶Xv Xs¶ a\pjy³ \nÀ_ÔnXmhØbm _ÔnX\söXn\pw Hs«ms¡ kzX{´\msW¶Xn\pw aXnbmb sXfnhmWv. Ah³ XoÀ¯pw AkzX{´\pw {]IrXn\nba§fm hcnªpapdp¡s¸«h\pamsW¦n lo\IrXy§fpsS t]cn Bt£]n¡s¸SpItbm in£n¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶XneÀYanÃ. alÂIrXy§fpsS t]cnepÅ {]iwkbpw {]Xn^ew \ÂIepw B hn[w Xs¶. 3. `uXnI hmZnIÄ hnizkn¡p¶ t]mse a\pjy³ XoÀ¯pw {]IrXnbpsS hn[n¡p hnt[bs\¦n \nba§Ä¡pw hyhØIÄ¡pw N«§Ä¡pw Nn«IÄ¡pw H«pw {]kàn CÃ. akvXnjvI¯nsebpw \mUohyql¯nsebpw Po\pIfnse P\nXI tImUpIÄ¡pw ]mc¼cy¯n\pw kmaqlnImhØ¡psam¯h³ Ncn¨psImÅpatÃm. F¶m \nbahpw hyhØbpw `cWLS\bpw \oXn\ymb kwhn[m\§fpanÃm¯ kaql§tfm cmjv{S§tfm CÃ. a\pjy\v ]cnanXamb kzmX{´ysa¦nepapsWvS¶pw kz´w IÀa§Ä¡v Hmtcmcp¯cpw D¯chmZnIfmsW¶pw {]tbmKXe¯n FÃmhcpw AwKoIcn¡p¶psWvS¶mWnXv hyàam¡p¶Xv. Npcp¡¯nÂ, GXp aXhnizmkntb¡mfpw ISp¯ hn[nhnizmknIfmWv `uXnI hmZnIÄ. AtXmsSm¸w {]IrXn \nba§fpsS ]nSnbn \n¶v IpXdnamdm\mhmsX XoÀ¯pw AkzX{´\mbn Ignbp¶ b{´kam\amb P´phmWv a\pjys\¶ AhcpsS ho£Ww hkvXp\njvTaÃ. CXc PohPme§fnÂ\n¶v hyXykvXamb AkvXnXzhpw hyànXzhpw Ah\v AwKoIcn¨psImSp¡m¯ GXp ZÀi\hpw {]Xyb imkv{Xhpw A_²]qÀWas{X. hn[nhnizmkw CkvemanI ho£W¯n \mw Bcmbncn¡Ww? shfp¯htcm, kpµctcm, hncq]tcm, ]pcpj·mtcm, kv{XoItfm, Ipdnbhtcm, \oWvShtcm? FhnsS P\n¡Ww? C´ybntem Ct´mt\jybntem? acp`qanbntem ae{¼tZit¯m? ]«nWn¡mcsâ Iqcbntem

]W¡mcsâ sIm«mc¯ntem? GIm[n]Xy hyhØbntem P\m[n]Xy kwhn[m\¯ntem? ImetaXmbncn¡Ww? ]Xns\m¶mw \qämWvSntem Ccp]s¯m¶mw \qämWvSntem? hÀKw, hÀWw, tZiw, `mj, Imew, tImew, Ipew, enwKw t]mepÅ C¯cw Imcy§sfm¶pw Xocpam\n¡p¶Xv \mamcpaÃ. \t½mSv BtemNn¡msXbmWv FÃmw \nÝbn¡s¸«Xv. A{]Imcw Xs¶bmWv \½psS acWhpw. AsXt¸mÄ, FhnsSh¨v F§s\bmhWsa¶v Xocpam\n¡p¶Xpw \maÃ, FÃmw ssZh\nÝnXw. Ahsâ hn[ntbm, \nÀWnXw; AewL\obhpw. C¯cw Imcy§fnsems¡bpw \mw ssZh¯nsâ hn[n\ntj[§Ä¡v \n¶psImSp¡m³ \nÀ_ÔnXcmWv. \½psS B{Klm`nemj§fpw COIfpw shdpw t\m¡pIp¯nIÄ am{Xw. AÃmlp Adnbn¡p¶p: ""KÀ`mib§fn Xm\pt±in¡p¶hn[w \n§sf cq]s¸Sp¯p¶Xv AÃmlphmWv. AP¿\pw bpànÚ\pamb Ah\ÃmsX ssZhanÃ''(JpÀB³ 3: 6). ""Ah³ \n§sf krjvSn¨p. ]n¶oSv cq]s¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp'' (7:11). ""a\pjym, DZmc\mb \nsâ \mYs\¡pdn¨v \ns¶ h©nX\m¡nbXv Fs´m¶mWv? D±njvScq]¯n \nsâ LSI§fh³ Iq«nbnW¡n. k´penXamb BImchSnhv \ÂIn \ns¶ krjvSn¨ \nsâ \mY\mWh³''(82: 6þ8). ]pcpjsâ GXp _oPamWv kv{XobpsS AÞhpambn kwtbmPn¡p¶sX¶v Xocpam\n¡p¶Xv a\pjy\Ã, ssZhamWv. kwtbmPn¡p¶ _oP¯nsâ amä¯n\\pkcn¨v a\pjysâ {]IrX¯nepw cq]¯nepw kz`mh¯nepsaÃmw hyXymkw kw`hn¡p¶psh¶dnbpt¼mgmWv ssZh\nÝb¯nsâ {]m[m\yw a\ÊnemhpI. AÃmlp tNmZn¡p¶p: ""\n§Ä \nt£]n¡p¶ _oPs¯¡pdn¨v \n§Ä Nn´n¨pt\m¡nbn«ptWvSm? \n§fmtWm AXns\ krjvSn¡p¶Xv; AtXm \mtam?''(56: 58, 59). e£¡W¡n ]pcpj_oP§fn AÃmlp X\n¡njvSapÅ H¶ns\ KÀ`mib¯nse AÞhpambn _Ôn¸n¡p¶p. AXnsâ kz`mha\pkcn¨v Ipªv BtWm s]t®m Bbn¯ocp¶p. AÃmlp Adnbn¡p¶p: ""BImi§fpsS B[n]Xyw AÃmlphn¶mWv. Xm\pt±in¡p¶Xv Ah³ krjvSn¡p¶p. Xm\pt±in¡p¶hÀ¡v Ah³ s]¬a¡sf {]Zm\w sN¿p¶p. Xm\pt±in¡p¶ aäp NneÀ¡v B¬a¡sfbpw. Asæn B k´m\§sf BWpw s]®pambn CSIeÀ¯p¶p. A{]Imcw Xs¶ Xm\pt±in¡p¶hs\ Ah³ k´m\clnX\m¡p¶p. Ah³ AKm[Ú\pw kÀhÚ\pas{X.''(42: 49,50). ""AÃmlp Ahs\ _oP¯n \n¶v krjvSn¡pIbpw cq]s¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp''(80:19). a\pjysâ `mKt[bw cq]s¸Sp¯p¶Xn \½psS PohnX]Ým¯e¯n\pw IpSpw_]mc¼cy¯n\pw imcocnI {]IrX¯n\pw A\Â]amb ]¦pWvSv. B AÀY¯n \½psS `mKt[bw \nÀWnXas{X; ssZh\nÝnXhpw. ssZhlnXs¯ adnIS¡m\mÀ¡pamhnÃ. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""\n§sfbpw \n§Ä DWvSm¡p¶Xns\bpw krjvSn¨Xv AÃmlphmIp¶p''(37: 96). ""AÃmlp Xm\nOn¡p¶hsc ZpÀamÀK¯nepw Xm\nOn¡p¶hsc t\ÀamÀK¯nepam¡p¶p'' (6: 39). ""AÃmlp hgnsXän¨hsc t\Àhgnbnem¡m³ \n§Ä Dt±in¡p¶pthm? Bsc AÃmlp hgnsXän¨pthm Ah\v \o Hcp hgnbpw IsWvS¯pIbnÃ''(4: 88). ""\nsâ \mY³ Dt±in¨ncp¶psh¦n `qXe¯nepÅhÀ apgps¡ hnizmknIfmIpambncp¶p. F¶n«pw P\§sf hnizmknIfm¡m³ \o \nÀ_Ôn¡pIbmtWm? F¶m ssZh¯nsâ A\paXnbnÃmsX BÀ¡pw hnizmknbmhpI km[yaÃ''(10: 99). ""Ahnizkn¨htcm, bYmÀY¯n \o Ahsc Xm¡oXp sN¿p¶Xpw sN¿mXncn¡p¶Xpw kaamWv. AhcpsS lrZb§fpw {ihtW{µnb§fpw AÃmlp ap{Zh¨ncn¡p¶p. AhcpsS ZrjvSnIfpsS ta BhcWw hoWncn¡p¶p. AhÀ¡v ITn\amb in£bpWvSv''(2: 6þ7). ""`qanbntem, \n§Ä¡pXs¶tbm `hn¡p¶ Hcm]¯panÃ, \maXv krjvSn¡p¶Xn\p ap¼v Hcp {KÙ¯n tcJs¸Sp¯nh¨n«ÃmsX. AÆn[w sN¿pI AÃmlphn\v AXnefnXamIp¶p''(57: 22). F¶m FÃmw ssZh\nÝba\pkcn¨mWv kw`hn¡pIsb¶v {]Jym]n¡p¶ hnip² JpÀB³ a\pjy\p \ÂIs¸« kzmX{´ys¯ FSp¯p ImWn¡pIbpw

Du¶n¸dbpIbpw sN¿p¶p. P·\m Xs¶ a\pjy\n \·þXn·mhnthN\tijn \nt£]n¡s¸«n«pWvSv. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""AÃmlp Bßmhns\ k´penXam¡n AXn\v [Àam[Àat_m[\w \ÂIn''(91: 7,8). ""\mah\v I®nWIfpw \mhpw cWvSp NpWvSpIfpw \ÂInbntÃ? hyàamb cWvSp hgnIÄ ImWn¨p sImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXnÃtbm''? (90: 8þ10). AXn\m a\pjyÀs¡Ãmw \·bpw Xn·bpw sXäpw icnbpw [Àahpw A[Àahpw sXcsªSp¯v k·mÀKnbpw ZpÀamÀKnbpamIm\pÅ kzmX{´yapWvSv. AÆn[w kzbw Xocpam\n¨v Pohn¡p¶Xn\\pkcn¨mbncn¡pw acWm\´capÅ c£min£IÄ. hnip² JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""BÀ k·mÀKw kzoIcn¡p¶pthm, AXv Ahsâ Xs¶ KpW¯n\pthWvSnbmWv. BÀ ZpÀamÀKahew_n¡p¶pthm AXnsâ tZmjhpw Ah\pXs¶. `mcw hln¡p¶hcmcpw aämcpsSbpw `mcw Npa¡pIbnÃ''(17:15). ""aX¯n Hcphn[ _e{]tbmKhpanÃ. k·mÀKw anYym[mcWIfnÂ\n¶v thÀXncnªv hyàambn¡gnªncn¡p¶p. AXn\m BÀ ssZthXc iànIsf \ntj[n¨v AÃmlphn hnizkn¡p¶pthm Ah³ _enjvTamb Ahew_]mis¯ apdpsI ]nSn¨ncn¡p¶p. AXv Hcn¡epw Aäpt]mIp¶XÃ''(2: 256). ""]dbpI, CXv \nsâ \mY\nÂ\n¶pÅ kXyamWv. CjvSapÅhÀ¡nXv kzoIcn¡mw. CjvSapÅhÀ¡v \ntj[n¡mw. A{IanIÄ¡v \mw \cIw kÖam¡nh¨n«pWvSv''(18: 29). ""Hcp P\Xsbbpw AhÀ kzbw amäp¶Xphsc AÃmlp ]cnhÀ¯n¸n¡p¶nÃ.''(13: 11). ""BÀ sXäv sN¿p¶pthm Ah\Xnsâ ^ea\p`hn¡pw''(4: 123). ""Hmtcm hyànbpw Xsâ {]hÀ¯\¯n\v ISs¸«ncn¡p¶p''(52:21). ""C¶v \n§Ä {]hÀ¯n¨Xn\v {]Xn^ew \ÂIs¸Spw''(45: 28). ""\n§Ä {]hÀ¯n¨XÃmsX \n§Ä¡v ]Icw \ÂIs¸Sptam?''(27: 90). ""\nsâ \mY³ Zmk³amtcmSv Hcn¡epw A{Iaw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶XÃ'' (41: 46). ""P\§fpsS Ic§Ä {]hÀ¯n¨Xnsâ ^eambn Icbnepw ISenepw Ipg¸w {]Xy£s¸«ncn¡p¶p'' (30: 41). ""\n§Ä¡v hà hn]¯pw kw`hn¨n«psWvS¦n AXv \n§fpsS Ic§Ä {]hÀ¯n¨Xnsâ ^eamWv''(42: 30). ""\nÝbw, AÃmlp a\pjytcmSv H«pw A{Iaw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶nÃ. {]XypX, a\pjyÀ kzbw Xs¶ A{Iaw {]hÀ¯n¡pIbmWv''(10: 44). ""hÃh\pw t\Àhgn kzoIcn¨m Ah³ X\n¡pthWvSn Xs¶bmWv k·mÀKw kzoIcn¡p¶Xv'' (10:108). ""Hcp \mSns\bpw AXnse \nhmknIÄ A{IanIfmsb¦neÃmsX \mw \in¸n¡p¶nÃ''(28: 59). ""BÀ \ap¡pthWvSn ITn\m[zm\w sN¿p¶pthm AhÀ¡p \mw \½psS amÀK§Ä ImWn¨psImSp¡pw'' (29: 69). ""Fsâ DZvt_m[\¯nÂ\n¶v apJw Xncn¡p¶XmcmtWm Ah\v Cu temI¯v IpSpÊmb PohnXamWpÅXv. ]p\cp°m\ \mfntem, Ahs\ \mw AÔ\mbn Fgpt¶Â]n¡pw. At¸mÄ Ah³ ]dbpw: \mYm, \o Fs¶ AÔ\mbn Fgpt¶Â]n¨sX´v? `qanbn Rm³ ImgvNbpÅh\mbncp¶tÃm. AÃmlp AcpÄ sN¿pw: icnbmWv, \½psS ZrjvSm´§Ä \nsâbSp¡Â h¶t¸mÄ \o Ahsb ad¶tÃm. AtXhn[w C¶v \obpw hnkvacn¡s¸SpIbmIp¶p. C{]Imcas{X X§fpsS \mYsâ kqà§fwKoIcn¡msX AXncpIhnªhÀ¡v \mw Cu temI¯v {]Xn^ew \ÂIp¶Xv. ]ctemI in£tbm AXnITn\hpw Gsd ZoÀLhpas{X''(20: 124þ127). ""`mcw Npa¡p¶ Bcpw asämcphsâ `mcw t]dpIbnÃ. a\pjy\v Xm³ {]bXv\n¨XÃmsX bmsXm¶panÃ. Xm³ {]bXv\n¨Xv XmaknbmsX Ah\v ImWn¡s¸Sp¶XmWv. A\´cw Ah\v XnIthmsS {]Xn^ew \ÂIs¸SpIbpw sN¿pw''(53: 38þ41). ""BÀ AWpaWn¯q¡w \· sNbvXpthm Ah\Xv IsWvS¯pI Xs¶ sN¿pw. BÀ AWpaWn¯q¡w Xn· sNbvtXm Ah\paXv IsWvS¯pw''(99: 7,8). CkvemanI ho£W¯n a\pjy³ XoÀ¯pw AkzX{´t\m tIhew hn[nbpsS ssIbnse ]mhtbm D]IcWtam Asöv ChnsS D²cn¨hbpw AXpt]mepÅhbpamb \nch[n hnip² hmIy§Ä AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p. Xsâ PohnX amÀKw Xocpam\n¡m\pw sXcsªSp¡m\pw Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw A\phmZhpw kzmX{´yhpw \ÂIs¸«n«pWvSv. AXn\m a\pjyPohnX¯n\v cWvSp hiapWvSv. \mSv, XdhmSv, tZiw, `mj, Imew, tImew, enwKw, P\\w, acWw t]mepÅhsbÃmw Ahsâ \nb{´W¯ntem ]cn[nbntem AÃ. CXmWv Hcphiw. adphi¯v Xm³ F´v IpSn¡Ww, IpSn¡cpXv, Xn¶Ww, Xn¶cpXv, F´v ImWWw, ImWcpXv, tIÄ¡Ww, tIÄ¡cpXv, F´v ]dbWw, ]dbcpXv, F´v sN¿Ww, F´v

sN¿cpXv, F§s\ Pohn¡Ww, Pohn¡cpXv XpS§nb Imcy§Ä Xocpam\n¡m\pw AX\pkcn¨v Ncn¡m\pw a\pjy\v _m[yXbpw kzmX{´yhpapWvSv. F¶m Cu kzmX{´yw A]cnanXtam XoÀ¯pw A\nb{´nXtam AÃ. AXn\p]tbmKn¡p¶ I®pw ImXpw \m¡pw aq¡pw ssIbpw Imepw icochpw Poh\pw ]qÀWambpw a\pjy\nb{´W¯neÃtÃm. Ahsbms¡bpw ssZhm[o\¯nepw \nb{´W¯nepamWv. AtXmsSm¸w Ah CjvSm\pkrXw D]tbmKn¡m\pÅ km[yXbpw kzmX{´yhpw a\pjy\v ssZhw Xs¶ \ÂInbn«pWvSv. CÆn[w e`yamb kzmX{´y¯nsâ tXmX\pkcn¨mWv a\pjysâ ta _m[yX Npa¯s¸«n«pÅXv. AYhm Hmtcm a\pjy\pw X\n¡v kzmX{´yw e`n¨ taJesb FÆn[w D]tbmKn¡p¶psh¶Xn\\pkcn¨mbncn¡pw PohnX hnPbhpw ]cmPbhpw c£bpw in£bpapWvSmIpI. Cu kzmX{´yw In«nb hi§fn kzbw kzoIcn¡m\pw \S¸m¡m\papÅ PohnX ]²XnbmWv ssZhw {]hmNI·mcneqsS \ÂInbXv. DÅ km[yXbpw kzmX{´yhpw D]tbmKn¨v AX\pkcn¨v Pohn¡p¶hÀ hnPbnIfmbn kzÀKmhIminIfmbn¯ocpw. AXns\ [n¡cn¨pw \ntj[n¨pw Xmt´m¶nIfmbn Pohn¡p¶hÀ ]cmPnXcmbn \cIin£¡v AÀlcmhpIbpw sN¿pw. k·mÀKw kzoIcn¨v \Ãhcmbn Pohn¡m³ Xocpam\n¨v AXn\mbn {ian¡p¶ Bscbpw AÃmlp \nÀ_Ôn¨v ZpÀamÀKnIfm¡pIbnÃ. adn¨pw AÆn[w Xs¶. a\pjy\v \ÂIs¸« kzmX{´y¯n\pw km[yX¡pa¸pdsamcp Imcyhpw ssZhw Aht\mSmhiys¸SpItbm BÚm]n¡pItbm sN¿p¶nÃ. AÃmlp Adnbn¡p¶p: ""AÃmlp BtcmSpw Ahsâ Ignhn¶XoXambXv Iev]n¡pIbnÃ. Hmtcmcp¯cpw {]hÀ¯n¨Xn\\pkcn¨pÅ c£bpw in£bpw AhÀ¡pWvSv''(2: 286). AXn\m ssZhw BtcmSpw A\oXn ImWn¡p¶nÃ. ""\nsâ \mY³ Xsâ Zmk·mtcmSv H«pw A\oXn ImWn¡p¶h\Ã''(41: 46). a\pjysâ Xocpam\§fpw IÀa§fpw ssZh¯nsâ Adnhn\pw hn[n¡pw hnt[batÃ? a\pjykzmX{´ys¯bpw ssZh\nÝbs¯bpw _Ôn¸n¡p¶ I®n GXv? F§s\? XpS§nb tNmZy§fp¶bn¡s¸Smhp¶XmWv. F¶m a\pjy\nhnsS Xsâ ]cn[nbpw ]cnanXnbpw \¶mbn a\Ênem¡pI Xs¶ thWw. A\´ hnkvXrXamb Cu alm{]]©¯nse Hcp sIm¨p tKmfamWv `qan. AXnse ]ctImSn krjvSnIfnsem¶p am{XamWv a\pjy³. Ah\nt¶mfw kz´s¯¡pdn¨pt]mepw ]qÀWhpw IWnihpambn a\Ênem¡m³ Ignªn«nÃ. Poh³, _p²n, HmÀaiàn, Bßmhv XpS§nbhsb¡pdns¨m¶pw kq£vahpw JÞnXhpamb Adnhv BÀ¡panÃ. Xm³ Pohn¡p¶ `qansbbpw AXpÄs¡mÅp¶ {]]©s¯bpw kw_Ôn¨ Adnthm, \s¶ ]cnanXhpw. B hnÚm\ km{amPys¯ kap{Zt¯mSv Xpe\w sNbvXm AXnse Hcp XpÅnt]mepw kzmb¯am¡m³ a\pjy\nt¶mfw km[n¨n«nÃ. \½psS Adnhnsâ ]cnanXnbmWnXn\p ImcWw. AXn\m \mw {]]©¯nsâ {kjvSmhmb ssZhs¯bpw Ahsâ IÀa§sfbpw kw_Ôn¨v AdnbWsa¶v iTn¡p¶Xnsem«pw AÀYanÃ. ssZhhpambn _Ôs¸« FÃmw ]t©{µnb§Ä¡pw AhbpsS ]cnanXnIÄ¡pw hnt[bamb a\pjy_p²n¡pw Nn´¡pw A{]m]yamb A`uXnI Úm\¯nÂs]«hbmWv. AÃmlp Xsâ ZqX·mcneqsS Adnbn¨p sImSp¯Xn\¸pdw AXns\¡pdn¨v BÀ¡pw H¶padnbnÃ. AXn\m ssZhhn[nsb¡pdn¨v Znhyt_m[\§fneqsS e`yambXÃmsX a\Ênem¡m³ \ap¡v km[yaÃ. thZ{KÙ¯neqsS e`yamb Úm\a\pkcn¨v ssZhhn[nbpw Úm\hpw {]]©s¯bpw AXnepÅ kIeXns\bpw Nqgv¶p\n¡p¶p. a\pjy\pw AXn¶XoX\Ã. AtXkabw kzbw Xocpam\saSp¡m\pw AX\pkcn¨v Pohn¡m\pw Ah\v kzmX{´yhpw km[yXbpw \ÂIs¸«n«pWvSv. AXv A]cnanXtam A\nb{´nXtam AÃ. kzmX{´yw e`n¨ taJeIfn ssZhs¯ A\pkcn¨v Ah³ \nÝbn¨ PohnX]mX ]n´pScWsa¶v AÃmlp A\pimkn¨ncn¡p¶p. A§s\ sN¿p¶hÀ¡v PohnXhnPbhpw ]ctemIc£bpw hmKvZm\w sNbvXn«papWvSv. ssZhs¯ [n¡cn¡m\pÅ km[yXbpw kzmX{´yhpw a\pjy\v \ÂIs¸«ncn¡p¶p. A§s\ sN¿p¶hÀ¡v ]cmPbhpw ]ctemI¯v ISp¯ in£bpamWpWvSmhpIsb¶v Xm¡oXv \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p. Npcp¡¯nÂ, Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw \ÂIs¸« Ignhnsâbpw kzmX{´y¯nsâbpw tXmX\pkcn¨mWv AhchcpsS _m[yX. AXnsâ \nÀhlW¯nsâbpw ewL\¯nsâbpw ASnØm\¯nembncn¡pw acWm\´cw

adptemIs¯ c£mþin£IÄ. AXn\m \½psS kzÀKhpw \cIhpw t\Sp¶Xv \mw Xs¶bmWv. kz´w Xocpam\§fneqsSbpw IÀa§fneqsSbpw cWvSnsem¶nsâ AhIminbmbn¯ocp¶p. AXn\m Bcpw Xosc A\oXn¡ncbmhp¶nÃ. kXyw IhnhmIyw Xs¶: "\an¡nepbcmw, \SpIn Xn¶mw \ÂIpIn t\SnSmw \ap¡p\mta ]WnhXp\mIw \cIhpaXpt]mse.'

hn[nhnizmkhpw a\xim´nbpw IÀa§Ä¡v AhbnteÀs¸Sp¶hÀ e£yw h¨ ^ew Xs¶ DWvSmhWsa¶nÃ. em`a`nejn¨v hym]mc¯nteÀs¸Sp¶hÀ \jvSw klnt¡WvSnhcp¶p. hcpam\w {]Xo£n¨v hbteeIfn the sN¿p¶hÀ hnf\jvS¯n¶ncbmhp¶p. \mw \½psS Adnhnsâbpw ]cnNb¯nsâbpw Ignhnsâbpw ]cnanXnIfn \n¶psImWvSv Imcy§Ä IW¡pIq«n AXn\\pkcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p. Nnet¸mÄ \½psS kz]v\§fpw k¦Â]§fpw \nanjt\cwsImWvSv \news]m¯p¶p. A{]Xo£nXamb BLmX§sf A`napJoIcnt¡WvSnhcp¶p. F¦nepw A¯cw hn]Õm[yXIÄ Bscbpw \njv{Inbcm¡mdnÃ. B¡mhp¶XpaÃ. hnPbhpw t\«hpw {]Xo£n¨v IÀa§fnteÀs¸SmdmWv ]Xnhv. taml§sfms¡bpw ]qhWnbmdnsöXpsImWvSp am{Xw Bcpw H¶pw B{Kln¡mXncn¡mdnÃ. a\pjy³ sImXn¨Xà In«pI; ssZhw hn[n¨XmWv. ""BImi`qanIfpsS Xmt¡m AÃmlphn \n£n]vXas{X! Ah\nOn¡p¶hÀ¡v Ah³ hn`hkar²n \ÂIp¶p. COn¡p¶hÀ¡v ¢n]vXs¸Sp¯ns¡mSp¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. \nÝbw, FÃmw Adnbp¶h\s{X Ah³''(JpÀB³ 42: 12). ""\n§Ä Nn´n¡p¶ntÃ? \n§Ä hnXbv¡p¶ hn¯v, AXn \n¶v hnf apf¸n¡p¶Xv \n§tfm? AtXm \mtam? \mw COn¡pIbmsW¦n Cu hnfIsf DW§nb XmfpIfm¡pI Xs¶ sN¿pw! At¸mtgm \n§Ä ]eXpw ]dªpsImWvSncn¡pw. \½psS ta ISw IpSp§nbtÃm, \mw \nÀ`mKyhm·mcmbnt¸mbtÃm F¶n§s\''(56: 63þ67). \½psS acWw FhnsSh¨v; F§s\ F¶v BÀ¡padnbnÃ. FÃmw AewL\obamb ssZhhn[n¡p hnt[bw. AXns\ X«namäm\mÀ¡pw km[yaÃ. BbpÊnsâ {lkzþssZÀLyXsbms¡bpw AÃmlphnsâ Xocpam\a\pkcn¨mWv. ""Bcpw Adnbp¶nÃ; \msf Xm³ Fs´ms¡ t\Spsa¶v; GXp a®nemWv Xsâ acWsa¶dnbp¶hcpanÃ''(31: 34). ""Poh\pÅhbvs¡m¶pw ssZhlnXat\y acn¡pI km[yaÃ. acWkabamIs« enJnXhpw''(31: 145). ""bYmÀY¯n Pohn¸n¡pIbpw acn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xv AÃmlp am{XamIp¶p''(3: 156). ""acWamIs«, \n§Ä FhnsSbmbncp¶mepw AXv \n§sf ]nSnIqSpIXs¶ sN¿pw. \n§Ä F{X `{Zamb tIm«Ifnembncp¶mepw''(4: 78). a\pjyPohnX¯nse \·þXn·IÄ, k·mÀKþZpÀamÀK§Ä, Pbm]Nb§Ä XpS§nbht]mse¯s¶ `uXnI PohnX¯nse Imcy§fpw ssZhhn[n¡p hnt[bamWv. AtXmsSm¸w ssZhhn[nbpsWvS¦n Blmcw e`n¨psImÅpsa¶p IcpXn Bcpw A[zm\n¡msX AS§nsbmXp§n¡gnbmdnÃ. ssZhlnXa\pkcn¨mWv acWapWvSmhpIsb¶Xn\m tcmKamIpt¼mÄ ssZthObpsWvS¦nÂ

kpJambns¡mÅpsa¶v kam[m\n¨v NnInÕ \S¯mXncn¡mdpanÃ. Imcyt_m[apÅhcmcpw PohnX¯nsâ `mKt[bw hn[n¡v hn«psImSp¯v Beky¯n BaácmhpIbnÃ. icnbmb ]mX ]cXnsbSp¯v AXneqsS PohnX]ptcmKXn¡pw e£y{]m]vXn¡pw ]camh[n {]bXv\n¡mdmWv ]Xnhv. aXa\pimkn¡p¶Xpw AXpXs¶. ssZhhn[n ]pecpI a\pjyIÀa§fneqsSbmWtÃm. ""FÃmhÀ¡pw X§fpsS {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡\pkrXamb ]ZhnIÄ e`n¡pw. AhcpsS {]hÀ¯\§Ä AÃmlp AhÀ¡v ]qÀ¯nbm¡ns¡mSp¡pw. AhtcmSv A\oXn ImWn¡pIbnÃ''(46: 19). ""k¡Àaw sN¿pI. \mw \n§Ä sN¿p¶sXms¡bpw ImWp¶h\tÃm''(34: 11). {]hmNI³ ]dbp¶p: ""\n§Ä {]`mX{]mÀY\ ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbm Blmc¯n\mbn A[zm\n¡msX Dd§cpXv''(Xz_vdm\n). ""temImhkm\w Bk¶amb L«¯nÂt]mepw \n§fnemcpsSsb¦nepaSp¡Â Hcp Cu´¸\ss¯ DsWvS¦n Ah\Xv \«psImÅs«. Ah¶Xn {]Xn^eapWvSv.'' Hcn¡Â \_nXncpta\n cWvSpt]À X½nepWvSmb tIkn hn[n \S¯n. ]ncnªpt]mbt¸mÄ tIkn ]cmPbs¸«bmÄ ]dªp: ""F\n¡v AÃmlp aXn. Ah³ Gähpw \à kwc£I\s{X''. CXp tIÄ¡m\nSbmb {]hmNI³ AbmtfmSp ]dªp: ""ZuÀ_eys¯ ssZhw shdp¡p¶p. AXn\m iànbpw XtâShpw t\SpI. F¶n«pw ]cmPnXcmbm At¸mÄ \n§Ä¡p ]dbmw: "F\n¡v AÃmlp aXn. Ah³ Gähpw \à kwc£I\s{X.'' a\pjy³ Xsâ km[yXIsfms¡bpw kzcq]n¨v {]Xn_Ô§tfmSpw {]XnIqe ]cnXxØnXnItfmSpw s]mcpXm³ _m[yØ\mWv. hnPbw hcn¡m³ AXv A\nhmcyamsW¶v aXtamXp¶p. ZrV\nÝbw, ØncNn¯X, XymKa\ØnXn, ØntcmÕmlw XpS§nbhsbms¡ kzmb¯am¡Wsa¶v AXmhiys¸Sp¶p. ]WnsbSp¡msX Aekambncp¶v ]X\§fpw ]mfn¨Ifpw ]nghpIfpsams¡ hn[nbpsS ta h¨psI«p¶Xv ISp¯ Ipäas{X. A{i²bpsSbpw A\mØbpsSbpw A\nhmcy^e§Ä¡v ssZhhn[nbpsS ]cnthjaWnbn¡p¶Xv AXy´w A]e]\obamWv. A[zm\n¡msX ^ew {]Xo£n¡p¶Xpw IjvSXIÄ kln¡msX t\«w sImXn¡p¶Xpw aSb¯amWv. IÀa¯nt\ AÃmlp {]Xn^ew \ÂIpIbpÅq. \njv{InbXzw \mi\nan¯as{X. HcmÄ {]hmNIt\mSv tNmZn¨p: ""ssZhZqXtc, Rm³ H«Is¯ _Ôn¨ tijw AÃmlphn `ctaÂ]n¡Wtam? AtXm AXns\ Agn¨phn«p sImtWvSm?'' {]hmNI³ {]XnhNn¨p: ""AXns\ sI«nbnSpI. F¶n«v ssZh¯n `ctaÂ]n¡pI.'' Blmcw Ign¡msX hni¸pamdnÃ. shÅw IpSn¡msX Zmlw ian¡pIbnÃ. hn¯nd¡msX hnfhpWvSmhnÃ. ]WnsbSp¡msX ]Whpw. h³ hnPb§Ä¡v aÀaadnª IÀaw A\nhmcyas{X. CXv amäanÃm¯ ssZhnI \nbaamWv. CXdnbp¶ bYmÀY hnizmkn kZm IÀa\ncX\mbncn¡pw. AXn\m hn[nhnizmkw BekyaÃ; HuÕpIyamWv hfÀ¯pI. ssZh hn[nbpw ZnhyÚm\hpw {]Xy£tam {]IStam AÃ. AXn\m X\n¡v AÚmXamb H¶ns\¡pdn¨v BtemNn¨v AkzØ\mhp¶XneÀYanÃ. AXncpIfnÃm¯ ssZhImcpWy¯n {]Xo£bÀ¸n¨v ]WnsbSp¡pIbmWv thWvSXv. \ncmi hnizmknIÄ¡v A\yas{X. ""\n§Ä ssZhImcpWys¯¡pdn¨v \ncmicmhcpXv''(39: 53). A[zm\n¡m\pÅ ZrV\nÝb¯n\ptijw am{Xta AÃmlphn `ctaÂ]n¡mhq F¶mWv aXa\pimkn¡p¶Xv. ""\o Hcp Imcy¯n ZrV\nÝbsaSp¯p Ignªm ssZh¯n `ctaÂ]n¡pI''(3:159).

NpdpNpdpt¡msS HmSn¨mSn \S¡p¶ sNdp¸¡mc³ BIkvanIambn hmXtcmK¯n¶Sns¸Sp¶p. ]ehn[ NnInÕIfpw \S¯nt\m¡p¶p. ]t£, H¶pw ^en¡p¶nÃ. Ahkm\w Atem¸Xnbpw BbpÀthZhpw, tlmantbm¸XnbpapÄs¸sS FÃm sshZyhnZyIfpw tcmKw t`ZamhpIbnsöv hn[nsbgpXp¶p. AXn\m Xm\n\n Hcn¡epw I«nen \n¶nd§n \S¡pIbnsöv Abmfdnbp¶p. F¦n AbmÄ AXy[nIw AkzØ\mhpI kzm`mhnIas{X. C¯csamcp kmlNcy¯n B tcmKnsb Bizkn¸n¡m³ temI¯nsemcp `uXnI ZÀi\¯n\pw {]Xybimkv{X¯n\pw km[yaÃ. Ccp]Xmw \qämWvSp IWvS hoc hn¹hImcn hn.sF. se\n³ t]mepw hmXtcmK¯n\Sns¸«t¸mÄ AXy[nIw AkzØ\mbn Xsâ Bßan{Xamb Ìment\mSv kbss\Uv Bhiys¸«Xv AXn\memWtÃm. F¶m ssZh hn[nbn ZrVambn hnizkn¡p¶hÀ kIeXpw {kjvSmhn kaÀ¸n¨v Bizmkw sImÅp¶p. AhÀ a\xkam[m\t¯msS BßKXw sN¿p¶p: ""X\n¡v ssIbpw Imepw I®pw ImXpw \m¡pw aq¡pw BbpÊpw BtcmKyhpw Poh\pw PohnXhpw \ÂInbXv ssZhamWv. Ah³ I\ntªInb BtcmKyw X¡mew Ah³ Xncns¨Sp¯ncn¡p¶p. CsXmcp ]co£WamWv. ssZh hn[n. ]XÀ¨ ]änbm ]cmPbambncn¡pw ^ew. £an¨m hnPbhpw. hmXhpw tcmKhpsam¶panÃm¯ kzÀKw {]Xn^eambn e`n¡pw.'' GIaIsâ amXm]nXm¡Ä. ImWnIfn Gsd IuXpIapWÀ¯p¶ \me©p hbÊv {]mb¯n B Ipªv acWaSbp¶p. C¯cw A\p`h§Ä¡ncbmIp¶ hyànIf\p`hn¡p¶ hyYbpw thZ\bpw hnhcWmXoXas{X. \nehnepÅ IpSpw_k¦Â]w apXemfn¯ hyhØbpsS krjvSnbmsW¶pw kzImcy DSamhImianÃmXncp¶ kv{Xo kzmX{´y¯nsâ {]mIrX IayqWnÌv ImeL«¯n Ip«nIÄ AO³amsc Xncn¨dnªncp¶nsöpw hmZn¨ Imd amÀIvkv t]mepw Xsâ aIsâ hntbmK¯n Gsd hnlze\mhpIbpWvSmbn. 1855þ At±l¯nsâ CjvS]p{X³ FUvKmdn\v KpcpXcamb tcmKw _m[n¨p. F«phbÊpÅ AXnkaÀY\mb B Ip«n apjv F¶ Hma\t¸cnemWv Adnbs¸«ncp¶Xv. GIaIsâ tcmKi¿¡cnIn \oWvS cm{XnIÄ Dd¡samgn¨v Ign¨pIq«nb amÀIvkv B L«¯n GwKÂkns\gpXn: ""lrZbw \odpIbmWv. Xe ]pIbpIbmWv.'' ]n¶oSv apjv acWaSªt¸mÄ At±lsagpXn: ""]mhw apjv acn¨p....Fsâ ZpxJw F{X hepXmsW¶dnbmatÃm. Ht«sd IjvS¸mSpIÄ A\p`hn¨n«pÅh\mWv Rm³. ]t£, bYmÀY ZpxJsa´msW¶v Ct¸mgmsW\n¡p a\ÊnembXv.'' C¯cw kmlNcy§fnepw hn[nbn hnizkn¡p¶hÀ Bizmka\p`hn¡p¶p. AhcpsS a\Êv a{´n¡p¶p: ""X\n¡v Ipªns\ I\ntªInbXv IcpWmab\mb ssZhamWv. Xsâ Hma\aIs\ Xncn¨phnfn¨Xpw Ah³ Xs¶. FÃmw Ahsâ AewL\obamb hn[n. Xt¶¡mÄ kvt\lhpw IcpWbpw hmÕeyhpapÅ {kjvSmhnsâ hiw Ipªns\ Xncnt¨Â]n¡pIbmWv Xm³ sNbvXXv. AXn\m A£a ImWn¡p¶Xv AØm\¯mWv. XoÀ¯pw AÀYiq\yhpw. kl\ahew_n¨m e`n¡m\pÅXv kzÀKamWv. A\izcamb AXnsâ IhmS¯n Xsâ Hma\ aI³ aµkvanX\mbn Xs¶ kzmKXw sN¿m³ Im¯p\nt¶¡mw.'' hn[n hnizmkanÃm¯hÀ hn]¯pIÄ hcpt¼mÄ Aklyamb AkzØX¡pw A£a¡pw ASns¸Sp¶p. thhemXns¸SpIbpw ]cmXn ]dªpsImWvSncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. AhcpsS Bi¦bpw Ac£nXt_m[hpaIäm³ BizmkhN\§Ä t]mepw Aiàambncn¡pw. F¶m AÃmlphnsâ AewL\obamb hn[nbn hnizmkaÀ¸n¡p¶hÀ A\ev]amb Bizmka\p`hn¡p¶p. £an¨mepw A£a ImWn¨mepw `uXnI ^ew H¶pXs¶ F¶v Ahcdnbp¶p. F¶Ã, A£a AkzmØyw A[nIcn¸n¡pIbmWv sN¿pI. £abpw kl\hpw im´ntbIpw. ssZhk¶n[nbntem £an¡p¶hÀ¡v al¯mb {]Xn^ew. A£a A]cm[hpw. sFlnI PohnXw apgps¡ ]co£WamWv. A\p{Kl§Ä \ÂInbpw \ntj[n¨pw ssZhaXv \nÀhln¡p¶p. ^eadnbpI acWm\´cw adptemI¯mWv. A\p{Kl§Ä e`yamIp¶ A\pIqemhØbn BËmZ¯n anXXzw ]peÀ¯Wsa¶v aXamhiys¸Sp¶p; Ah \ntj[n¡s¸Spt¼mÄ £abpw kl\hpw ]men¡Wsa¶pw. hnPbw hmKvZm\w sN¿s¸«Xv Bhn[w {]hÀ¯n¡p¶hÀ¡mWv.

""`bmi¦IÄ, £maw, Poh[\mZnIfpsS \jvSw, hnf\miw F¶nhbneqsS \mw \n§sf \nÝbambpw ]co£n¡pw. At¸mÄ £a Ahew_n¡pIbpw "R§Ä ssZh¯ntâXmWtÃm, Ah\nte¡mWtÃm R§Ä aSt§WvSXpw F¶p ]dbpIbpw sN¿p¶hsc kt´mj hmÀ¯ Adnbn¡pI. AhÀ¡v X§fpsS \mY\nÂ\n¶v henb A\p{Kl§Ä e`n¡pw. Ahsâ ImcpWyw AhÀ¡v XWteIpw. AhÀ Xs¶bmIp¶p k·mÀKw {]m]n¨hÀ''(2: 155þ157). CXwKoIcn¡p¶ hnizmknIÄ kzØcpw \nÀ`bcpambncn¡pw. X§fpsS hn[nbn XoÀ¯pw Xr]vXcpw. AXv X§Ä¡v A\pIqetam {]XnIqetam F¶Xv Ahsc kw_Ônt¨St¯mfw A{]kàas{X. hyYbpw thhemXnbpw hnXp¼epw hnlzeXbpw hn[nbnsemcp hyXymkhpw hcp¯pIbnÃtÃm. AhÀ \jvSkµÀ`§fpsSbpw ku`mKy§fpsSbpw t]cn hne]n¨v Imew Ign¡msX, ZnhyImcpWy¯n {]Xo£bÀ¸n¨v kzØNn¯cmbn ]pXnb {]hÀ¯\§fn hym]rXcmhp¶p. AhÀ C¶seIfpsS \jvS§tfmÀ¯v s\SphoÀ¸nSpIbÃ; Ahsb hÀ¯am\ {InbIfnepw `mhnIÀa§fnepw hfam¡n amäpIbmWv sN¿pI. A§s\ bYmÀY hn[nhnizmkw IÀat{]cIambpw a\xim´nbpsS \nÀQcnbmbpw hÀ¯n¡p¶p. hnIeamb hn[nhnizmkamWv Beky¯nte¡pw IÀaiq\yXbnte¡pw hgnsbmcp¡pI. Ckvemw Hcn¡epw AXwKoIcn¡p¶nÃ.

JpÀB³ hmIy§fn sshcp[ytam? ""Imcy§sfÃmw \S¡pI ssZhhn[nb\pkcn¨msW¶v ImWn¡p¶ Iptd JpÀB³ hmIy§fpw a\pjyIÀa§Ä¡\pkrXamb ^eamWpWvSmhpIsb¶v hyàam¡p¶ \nch[n hN\§fpw ChnsS D²cn¡s¸SpIbpWvSmbn. hn[nhnizmks¯ kw_Ôn¨ JpÀB³ hmIy§fn ]ckv]c sshcp[yapsWvS¶tà CXv sXfnbn¡p¶Xv?'' hn[nhnizmks¯ kw_Ôn¨ hnip² JpÀB³ hN\§fn Hcphn[ sshcp[yhpanÃ. am{XaÃ, Ah ]ckv]cw hymJym\n¡p¶hbpw hniZoIcn¡p¶hbpamWv. Hcp DZmlcW¯neqsS CXv hyàam¡mw. \à \nebn DbÀ¶ \nehmct¯msS A¨S¡]qÀWambn \S¯s¸Sp¶ Hcp amXrImhnZymebw. kaÀY\mb {][m\m[ym]I³. BßmÀYXbpÅ kl{]hÀ¯IÀ. tbmKycmb hnZymÀYnIÄ. Ip«nIfpsS Imcyw Pm{KXtbmsS {i²n¡p¶ c£nXm¡Ä. A§s\ FÃmhcpw hnZymeb¯nsâ \·bnepw DbÀ¨bnepw \nÀWmbIamb ]¦phln¡p¶p. Øm]\w \¶mhpIsb¶ kw`h¯n\p ]n¶n H¶ntesd ImcW§fpw \nch[n LSI§fpapsWvS¶ÀYw. C¯csamchØbn hnZymebw amXrImtbmKyamIm³ ImcWw {][m\m[ym]I\msW¶p ]dbmw. A[ym]IcmsW¶pw hnZymÀYnIfmsW¶pw c£nXm¡fmsW¶psams¡ ]dbmw. CXnteXp ]dªmepw IfhmInÃ. Hcn¡sem¶pw asämcn¡sem¶pw ]dªm ]ckv]c hncp²hpamhpIbnÃ. Bhiym\pkrXw Hmtcm ImcWhpw FSp¯p ImWn¡pIbmsW¦n kµÀ`m\pkrXamb kXy{]kvXmhw am{Xta BhpIbpÅq. F¶m CXn GsX¦nepw Hcp LSIw am{XamWv kw`h¯n\p ]n¶nse¶v hnizkn¡p¶htcmSv AXv \ntj[nt¡WvSnbpw hcpw. a\pjyIÀa§fpsS ØnXnbpw Cuhn[w Xs¶. HcmÄ \S¶pt]mIsh hgnbnsemcp hr²³ hoWpInS¡p¶Xv ImWm\nSbmIp¶p. AbmÄ¡v thWsa¦n hr²s\ ImWm¯hn[w \S¶p\o§mw. A§s\ sN¿msX, AbmÄ hr²s\ Xm§nsbSp¯v Bip]{Xnbnse¯n¡pIbpw ip{iqjn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. A§s\ sN¿pt¼mÄ Xs¶ hyXykvXamb Dt±iyt¯msS AXv \nÀhln¡mhp¶XmWv. hr²sâtbm AbmfpsS _Ôp¡fpsStbm \µnbpw {]Xyp]Imchpw {]Xn^ehpw {]Xo£n¡mw. A¯csam¶pam{Kln¡msX hr²t\mSpÅ kvt\lþImcpWyþ hmÕeyþKpWImw£m hnImct¯msSbpw AXp sN¿mw. At¸mÄ Cu kw`h¯n a\pjysâ `mK¯p\n¶v AbmsfSp¡p¶ Xocpam\¯n\pw AXnsâ ]n¶nse Dt±iy¯n\pw XpSÀ¶pÅ {]hÀ¯\¯n\psaÃmw A\Â]amb ]¦pWvSv. AXn\mÂ

hr²s\ Bip]{Xnbnse¯n¨Xpw ip{iqjn¨Xpw B a\pjy\msW¶v ]dbp¶Xn sXtäm AkmwKXytam CÃ. AtXkabw, hr²s\ Xm§nsbSp¡m\p]tbmKn¨ ssIIfpw icochpw BtcmKyhpw Ignhpw Icp¯psams¡ \ÂInbXv ssZhamWv. hr²t\mSv Aenhv tXm¶pIbpw ip{iqjn¡m³ Xocpam\saSp¡pIbpw sNbvX a\Êpw ssZh¯nsâ Zm\w Xs¶. AXn\m ssZhamWv hr²s\ c£n¨sX¶ {]kvXmhhpw kXy\njvThpw hkvXpXm]chpas{X. At¸mÄ C¯cw kw`h§sf a\pjyt\mSv tNÀ¯p]dbmw, ssZht¯mSv tNÀ¯p ]dbmw; a\pjyt\mSpw ssZht¯mSpw Htckabw tNÀ¯p ]dbmw. A{]Imcw Xs¶ a\pjyIÀaw am{XamsW¶v [cn¡p¶htcmSv AXns\ \ntj[n¡mw. ssZh¯nsâ ]¦v Du¶n¸dbmw. Cu coXnIsfÃmw JpÀB³ kzoIcn¨n«pWvSv. a\Ênsâ Xocpam\¯nepw Dt±iy¯nepw a\pjysâ ]¦v F{Xsb¶v temI¯v BÀ¡pw AdnbpIbnÃ. a\pjysâ {KmlyhcpXn¡v AXoXambXn\m ssZhw hniZambn ]dªpX¶n«panÃ. kw`h§sfbpw IÀa§sfbpw Ahbv¡p ]n¶nse Xocpam\§sfbpw hnip² JpÀB³ ssZhhpambpw a\pjy\pambpw _Ôs¸Sp¯nbXmbn ImWmw. I]ShnizmknIÄ kzoIcn¨ncp¶ kao]\w Xncp¯n JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""AhÀ¡v hà t\«hpw In«nbm AXv ssZh¯n¦Â\n¶msW¶v AhÀ ]dbpw. hà hn]¯pw _m[n¨mtem, \ns¶ Ipäs¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿pw. ]dbpI: FÃmw ssZh¯n¦Â \n¶pXs¶. ChÀs¡´p ]än? ChÀ {Kln¡p¶nÃtÃm''(JpÀB³ 4: 78). \·bpw Xn·bpw ssZh¯n¦Â \n¶msW¶v hyàam¡p¶ JpÀB³ ChnsS I]ShnizmknbpsS sXämb kao]\¯n\v ImcW¡mÀ AhÀ Xs¶bmsW¶v ]dbpIbpw AXnsâ t]cn Ahsc Ipäs¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p. icnbmb kao]\w kzoIcn¡m³ km[yXbpWvSmbn«pw adns¨mcp \ne]mSv Ahew_n¨Xn\memWv JpÀB³ Ahsc Bt£]n¡p¶Xv. KpWtZmj§fn a\pjyIÀaw t]mse ssZhhn[n¡pw ]¦pÅXn\m AXnsâ ImcWs¯ {kjvSmhnte¡v tNÀ¯p]dbp¶ kao]\w kzoIcn¨Xn\v JpÀB\n \nch[n DZmlcW§Ä ImWmw. ""AÃmlp \n\¡v hà tZmjhpw hcp¯pIbmsW¦n AXv ]cnlcn¡m³ Ah\ÃmsX aämÀ¡pw km[yaÃ. AYhm, Ah³ \n\¡v hà tZmjhpw hcp¯pIbmsW¦n FÃmän\pw IgnhpÅh\s{X Ah³''(6:17). ""AÃmlp Xm\nOn¡p¶hsc k·mÀK¯nem¡p¶p. Xm\nOn¡p¶hsc ZpÀamÀK¯nem¡p¶p. {]Xm]imenbpw bpànÚ\pas{X Ah³''(14: 4). AtXmsSm¸w k·mÀKþZpÀamÀK {]m]vXnbn a\pjysâ ]¦pw JpÀB³ Du¶n¸dbp¶p: ""BÀ AWpaWn¯q¡w \· sN¿p¶pthm Ah³ AXv IsWvS¯pIXs¶ sN¿pw. BÀ AWpaWn¯q¡w Xn· sN¿p¶pthm Ah³ AXpw IsWvS¯pw''(99: 7,8). ""Hcp¯\pw asämcp¯sâ `mcw Npa¡p¶nÃ. a\pjy\v Ah³ {]hÀ¯n¨XÃmsX CÃ'' (53: 38). ""AÃmlp Bscbpw Ahsâ Ignhn\XoXambXn\v IÂ]n¡pIbnÃ. Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw AhÀ {]hÀ¯n¨Xn\pÅ {]Xn^ehpw in£bpamWpWvSmhpI''(2: 286). ""\n\¡v hà tZmjhpw _m[n¨n«psWvS¦n AXv \nsâ `mK¯p\n¶p Xs¶bpÅXmWv''(4: 79). ""F¶m hnizkn¡pIbpw k¡Àa§f\pjvTn¡pIbpw sNbvXhÀ¡v AhcpsS {]Xn^ew ]qÀWambn e`n¡p¶XmWv. A{IanIsf AÃmlp CjvSs¸Sp¶nÃ''(3: 57). ""Ahnizkn¡pIbpw \½psS ZrjvSm´§Ä Ifhm¡pIbpw sNbvXhcmtcm Ahcs{X \cImhIminIÄ. AhcXn \nXyhmknIfs{X''(2: 39). ""kXy\ntj[nItf, C¶v \n§Ä HgnIgnhv t_m[n¸nt¡WvS. \n§Ä {]hÀ¯n¨Xnsâ ^ew Xs¶bmWv \n§fn¶v A\p`hn¡p¶Xv''(66: 7). \·þXn·Ifn a\pjysâ ]¦pw ssZhhn[nbpw FÆn[w _Ôs¸Sp¶psh¶pw JpÀB³ hyàam¡p¶p: ""]dbpI: ssZhw COn¡p¶hsc Ah³ ZpÀamÀK¯nem¡pIbpw X¶nte¡v tJZn¨p aS§p¶hsc k·mÀK¯nem¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p''(13: 27). ""k·mÀKw kv]jvSambn¡gnªtijhpw Bsc¦nepw ssZhZqXs\ [n¡cn¡pIbpw kXyhnizmknIfptSXÃm¯ amÀKw

]n´pScpIbpamsW¦n Ah³ kzbw XncnªpIfª `mKt¯¡p Xs¶ \mw Ahs\ Xncn¡p¶XmWv''(4: 115). Npcp¡¯nÂ, IÀa§fpsS ^es¯ kw_Ôn¨v a\Ênem¡m³ km[n¡p¶ a\pjy\v Nn´n¡m\pw Xocpam\n¡m\pw AX\pkcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡m\pw kzmX{´yw \ÂIs¸«ncn¡p¶p. F¶m Cu kzmX{´yw A]cnanXtam A\nb{´nXtam AÃ. ssZthObv¡pw hn[n¡pw hnt[bamWv. Cu ]cnanXnbpsS ]cn[n¡pÅn \ÂIs¸« kzmX{´y¯nsâ tXmX\pkcn¨ _m[yX am{Xta a\pjysâ ta Npa¯s¸«n«pÅq. B _m[yXbpsS \nÀhlWhpw ewL\hpamWv PohnX¯nsâ Pbm]Pb§fpw kzÀKþ\cI§fpw Xocpam\n¡pI. AXn\m Ignhn\XoXamb H¶n\pw AÃmlp Bscbpw \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶nÃ. BtcmSpw A\oXn ImWn¡p¶panÃ. hn[nbpsSbpw a\pjykzmX{´y¯nsâbpw AhØbpw Ahbv¡nSbnse _Ôhpw a\pjy\v a\Ênem¡m³ km[n¡pwhn[w hnhcn¡p¶ hnip² JpÀB³ hmIy§fn H«pw sshcp[yhpanÃ. ssZhhn[nbpsSbpw a\pjy kzmX{´y¯nsâbpw AhØsb kw_Ôn¨ CkvemanI ho£Ww bYmhn[n A\mhcWw sN¿p¶ Hcp kw`hw cWvSmw Jeo^ Dadp ^mdqJnsâ Ime¯v \S¡pIbpWvSmbn. ^ekvXzo\n t¹Kv _m[n¨p. Gsd Ignbpw apt¼ AXv kndnbbnte¡pw ]SÀ¶p]nSn¨p. AXnthKw Bfn¸SÀ¶ tcmKw AXv kv]Àin¡p¶hscsbÃmw sIms¶mSp¡n. acp¶pw NnInÕbpsam¶pw ^en¨nÃ. Hscmä amk¯n\Iw ]Xn\¿mbncw t]À acn¨p. Cu hn]¯ns\ kw_Ôn¨v hnhcadnª Dadp ^mdqJv Hcp kwLw ssk\nItcmsSm¸w kndnbbnte¡v ]pds¸«p. hgnat[y Xsâ ASp¯ A\pbmbnIfpambn, F´p sN¿Wsa¶v IqSnbmtemNn¨p. A\´c \S]SnIÄ¡v \nÀtZiw \ÂInbtijw, tcmK_m[nX {]tZit¯¡v t]mtIWvSXnsöv Xocpam\n¨p. ]IÀ¨hym[n _m[nt¨St¯¡pÅ bm{X A]ISw hcp¯ntb¡psa¶Xn\m FÃmhcpw XSÊw \n¡pIbmbncp¶p. hnhcadnª A_q Dss_Z Jeo^tbmSv tcmjt¯msS tNmZn¨p: ""ssZhhn[nbn \n¶v HmSnt¸mItbm?'' B tk\m\mbIsâ A´ÀKXw hmbn¨dnª Dadp ^mdqJv ]dªp: ""AsX, Hcp ssZhhn[nbn \n¶v asämcp ssZhhn[nbnte¡v.'' AÂ]kabs¯ au\¯n\ptijw At±lw XpSÀ¶p: ""HcmÄ Hcp Øe¯v sN¶nd§n. AhnsS AbmÄ¡v cWvSp XmgvhcIfpWvSv. ^ekar²ambXpw AÃm¯Xpw. ^ekar²ambXv kwc£n¡p¶h\pw AÃmlphnsâ hn[nb\pkcn¨tà {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv? AÃm¯Xv t\m¡n \S¯p¶h\pw AÃmlphnsâ hn[nb\pkcn¡pIbtà sN¿p¶Xv?'' Ckvemanse hn[nhnizmkw hn]¯pIfpsSbpw hn\mi¯nsâbpw Xmt¡memhcpsX¶pw ]ptcmKXnbpsSbpw t\«§fpsSbpw hnPb¯nsâbpw hgnbn hnLmXw hcp¯cpsX¶pw hyàamb `mjbn kaqls¯ ]Tn¸n¡pIbmbncp¶p Dadp ^mdqJv. ssZhhn[nbpsS hcpXnbn a\pjy\p \ÂIs¸« kzmX{´ys¯ ]camh[n {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯Wsa¶ DZvt_m[\hpw AXpÄs¡mÅp¶p.

ASna¯w \ntcm[n¡mXncp¶sX´psImWvSv? ""Ckvemw ASna¯w \ntcm[n¨n«nsömWv Rm³ a\Ênem¡p¶Xv. F¦n kaXzs¯bpw \oXnsbbpw kw_Ôn¨v kwkmcn¡m³ Ckveman\v F´hImiamWpÅXv?'' a\pjyscÃmw Htc ssZh¯nsâ krjvSnIfpw Htc amXm]nXm¡fpsS a¡fpamsW¶v Ckvemw {]Jym]n¡p¶p. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ AhÀ¡nSbn hnthN\w AcpsX¶v AXv A\pimkn¡p¶p. ""a\pjytc, HcmWnÂ\n¶pw s]®nÂ\n¶pas{X \n§sf \mw krjvSn¨n«pÅXv. ]ns¶, \n§sf \mw kapZmb§fpw tKm{X§fpam¡n. \n§Ä ]ckv]cw ]cnNbs¸tSWvSXn\v'' (JpÀB³ 49: 13). {]hmNI³ ]dbp¶p: ""\nÝbw, \n§fpsS ssZhw GI\mWv. \n§fpsSsbÃmw ]nXmhpw HcmÄ Xs¶. FÃmhcpw BZanÂ\n¶pÅhcmWv. BZtam a®nÂ\n¶pw.

AXn\m Ad_n¡v A\d_nsb¡mtfm shfp¯h\v Idp¯hs\¡mtfm bmsXmcp t{ijvTXbpanÃ; `ànbpsS ASnØm\¯neÃmsX'' (apkvenw, A_qZmhqZv). \nba¯nsâ ap¼n kÀhcpw ka³amcmsW¶v Ckvemw kn²m´n¡p¶p. ]ucmhImi§fpsS Imcy¯n kÀhcpw XpeycmWv. ]W¯nsâbpw ]ZhnbpsSbpw t]cnepÅ {]tXyImhImi§Ä AXmÀ¡pw A\phZn¨psImSp¡p¶nÃ. XZSnØm\¯nepÅ hnthN\§sf XoÀ¯pw \ncmIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. C§s\sbms¡bmbncp¶n«pw Ckvemw F´psImWvSv ASna¯w \ntcm[n¨nà F¶ {]iv\w hniZamb hniIe\aÀln¡p¶p. 1. apl½Zv \_nbpsS \ntbmKIme¯v temIsa§pw {Iqcamb ASna¯amWv \ne\n¶ncp¶Xv. ]pcmX\tdman ASna BSpamSpIsft¸mse I¨hSw sN¿s¸Sp¶ hn¸\¨c¡v am{Xambncp¶p. HmSnt¸mImXncn¡m\mbn ImepIfneWnbn¡s¸« N§eIfpambmWv AhÀ `mcn¨ tPmenIÄt]mepw sNbvXncp¶Xv. Imens¯mgp¯pIÄ¡v kam\amb Øe§fmbncp¶p AhcpsS hmkØew. `£WaÃmsX asäm¶n\pw AhÀ¡hImiapWvSmbncp¶nÃ. AXpw bPam\sâ F¨nepIfmbncp¶p. Nm«hmdSnIÄ¡v apXpIv ImWn¨psImSp¡m³ hn[n¡s¸«hcmbncp¶p A¡mes¯ ASnaIÄ. ImfIÄ¡nSbnse¶t]mse ASnaIÄ¡nSbnepw t]mcv kwLSn¸n¡pI km[mcWambncp¶p. A§s\ AhÀ ]ckv]cw XÃn¨mIp¶Xv IWvSv DÃkn¡Â bPam\³amcpsS apJy hnt\mZambncp¶p. C´ybnse ØnXnbpw `n¶ambncp¶nÃ. C´ybn PmXnhyhØbpsS t]cnemWv ASna¯w \ne\n¶ncp¶Xv. AXn\meXv ssZh\nÝbambmWv KWn¡s¸«ncp¶Xv. Atacn¡bnepw B{^n¡bnepw ASp¯ Imew hscbpw {Iqcamb ASna¯hpw hÀWhnthN\hpw \ne\n¶ncp¶p. CXc ]mÝmXy\mSpIfpsS ØnXnbpw AXpXs¶. C¯csamchØbnemWv Ckvemw C¡mcy¯n kaqeamb amäw hcp¯nbXv. BZyambn AXp sNbvXXv ASnaItfmSpÅ kao]\¯n ka{Kamb ]cnhÀ¯\w krjvSn¡pIbmbncp¶p. Ahcpw aäpÅhsct¸mse a\pjycmsW¶v {]Jym]n¨p. B t_m[w FÃmhcnepw hfÀ¯pIbpw sNbvXp. AÃmlp BÚm]n¨p: ""amXm]nXm¡tfmSv \Ã\nebn hÀ¯n¡pI. _Ôp¡tfmSpw A\mYItfmSpw AKXnItfmSpw _Ôphmb Ab¡mtcmSpw AI¶ Ab¡mtcmSpw klhmknItfmSpw bm{X¡mct\mSpw \n§fpsS A[o\XbnepÅ ASnaItfmSpw \³abn hÀ¯n¡pI. Al¦mcnbpw s]m§¨¡mc\pamb Hcmsfbpw AÃmlp CjvSs¸Sp¶XÃ'' (4: 36). \_nXncpta\n AcpÄ sN¿p¶p: ""\n§fpsS ktlmZc³amcpw _Ôp¡fpamWhÀ. Xsâ IognepÅ ktlmZc\v Xm³ `£n¡p¶Xpt]mepÅ Blmchpw [cn¡p¶Xpt]mepÅ hkv{Xhpw \ÂtIWvSXmWv. AhÀ¡v Akm[yamb Imcyw Ahsc GÂ]n¡cpXv, AYhm, {]bmkIcamb hà tPmenIfpw Ahsc GÂ]n¡pIbmsW¦n \n§fpw Ahsc klmbn¡pI'' (_pJmcn). "CXv Fsâ ASna, CXv Fsâ ASnakv{Xo' F¶n§s\ ]dbm³ ]mSnsöv ]Tn¸n¨ {]hmNI³ "Ahsc \n§fpsS Iogn hcm³ CSbm¡nb AÃmlp \n§sf AhcpsS Iogn sImWvSphcm\pw Ignhpäh\msW'¶v kaqls¯ DWÀ¯n. \_n ]dªp: ""hÃh\pw Xsâ ASnasb h[n¡p¶ ]£w Ahs\ \mapw h[n¡pw. hÃh\pw Xsâ ASnasb AwKtOZw sNbvXm \mw Ahs\bpw AwKtOZw sN¿pw. hÃh\pw Xsâ ASnasb jWvUoIcn¨m \mahs\bpw jWvUoIcn¡pw'' (_pJmcn, apkvenw). am\yamb `£Whpw hkv{Xhpw ]mÀ¸nShpw Dd¸phcp¯nb Ckvemw CXphgn ASnaIfpsS kpc£nXXzhpw `{Zam¡n. aäp kv{XoIsft¸mse hnhmlthfbn ASnakv{XoIÄ¡pw hnhmlaqeyw \nÝbn¨p. JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""\n§fnemÀs¡¦nepw kzX{´Ifmb kXyhnizmkn\nIsf hnhmlw sN¿m³ km¼¯nI tijnbnsæn \n§fpsS A[o\XbnepÅ kXyhnizmkn\nIfmb

ASnakv{XoIsf hnhmlw sNbvXpsImÅpI. \n§fpsS hnizmks¯¡pdn¨v \¶mbn Adnbp¶h³ AÃmlphmWv. \n§Ä ]ckv]cw _Ôp¡fmWv. AXn\m AhcpsS c£nXm¡fpsS A\paXntbmsS \n§fhsc hnhmlw Ign¨psImÅpI. AhcpsS hnhmlaqeyw acymZtbmsS \ÂIpIbpw sN¿pI'' (4: 26). {]hmNI³(k) ]dbp¶p: ""\n§Ä tIÄ¡pIbpw A\pkcn¡pIbpw sN¿pI. \n§fpsS t\Xmhmbn hcp¶Xv DW§nb ap´ncnt]mepÅ inctÊmSpIqSnb \ot{Km ASnabmbncp¶mepw icn.'' Jeo^m Dadp ^mdqJv Bk¶ acW\mbncns¡ `mhn `cWm[nImcnsb kw_Ôn¨ NÀ¨¡nSbn Xsâ hnImcw {]ISn¸n¨Xn§s\bmWv: ""A_qlpssZ^x tamNn¸n¨ ASnabmbncp¶ kmenw Pohn¨ncn¸pWvSmbncps¶¦n At±ls¯ `cWm[nImcnbmbn Rm³ \nÝbn¡pambncp¶p.'' A_q_IvÀ kzn±oJv, Dadp ^mdqJv t]mepÅ hfsc {]apJcmb A\pNc³amcpÄs¸Sp¶ kwL¯nsâ kÀh ssk\ym[n]\mbn hntamNnX ASnabmb sskZnsâ aI³ Dkmasb \nÝbn¨ \_n sskZn\v Xsâ ]nXrktlmZco ]p{Xn ssk\_ns\ hnhmlw Ign¸n¨psImSp¡m³ k¶²\mbn. Ad_nIfmb kzX{´³amÀ¡pw ASnaIÄ¡panSbn kmtlmZcyw Øm]n¡pI {]hmNIsâ ]XnhnÂs]«Xmbncp¶p. \ot{Km ASnabmbncp¶ _nemepw JivAaotKm{X¡mc\mb JmenZp_v\p dpsshlbpw X½nepw ASnabmbncp¶ sskZpw kz´w ]nXrhy\mb lwkbpw X½nepw ASnabmbncp¶ JmcnP_v\p sskZpw ]n¡me¯v {]Ya Jeo^bmbn¯oÀ¶ A_q_IvÀ kzn±oJpw X½nepw \_nXncpta\n kmtlmZcyw Øm]n¡pIbpWvSmbn. ASnaIsf AhKWn¡mt\m {]bmks¸Sp¯mt\m Ckvemw A\phZn¨nÃ. Hcn¡Â ASnasb ]ndIn \S¯n hml\¯n k©cn¡p¶ bm{X¡mct\mSv A_qlpdbvd ]dªp: ""\nsâ ]ndIn Ahs\bpw Ibäq. \nsâ ktlmZc\mWh³. \ntâXpt]mepÅ Bßmhv Ah\papWvSv.'' Cuhn[w ASnabv¡v kaql¯n am\yamb ]Zhnbpw AwKoImchpw ]cnKW\bpw \ÂIn Ahsâ AhImi§Ä kwc£n¨ Ckvemw Aht\mSpÅ A\oXnsbbpw AXn{Ias¯bpw sImSnb Ipäambn IW¡m¡pIbpWvSmbn. AtXmsSm¸w ASnabpsS _m[yXIfnepw in£Ifnepw KWyamb Cfh\phZn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. 2. Ckvemw ASna¯s¯ HcSnØm\ambn AwKoIcn¡p¶nÃ. A´naambn AXn\dpXnhcp¯m\pÅ \S]SnIfmWv AXv kzoIcn¨Xv. ASna¯ tamN\¯n\v h¼n¨ {]m[m\yw \ÂIn. AÃmlp tNmZn¡p¶p: ""a\pjy³ F´psImWvSv ZpÀLSamb ]pWy]mX IS¡p¶nÃ. F´mWv B ZpÀLS amÀKsa¶v \n\¡dnbmtam? ASnabpsS tamN\amWXv'' (90: 11þ13). Ckvemw kIm¯nsâ Htcmlcn \nÝbn¨Xv ASnaIfpsS tamN\¯n\pthWvSnbmWv (9: 60). Xsâ DSaØXbnepÅ ASnasb tamNn¸n¡epw aäpÅhcpsS hiapÅhsc hm§n tamNn¸n¡epw Ckvemw \nÝbn¨ ASnatamN\ amÀK§fs{X. AX\pkcn¨mWv \_nXncpta\nbpw AhnSs¯ A\pNc³amcpw X§fpsS IognepWvSmbncp¶ ASnaIsf tamNn¸n¨Xv. A_q_IvÀ kzn±oJns\t¸mepÅ klrZbÀ k¼¯nsâ knwl`mKhpw hn\ntbmKn¨Xv ASnaIsf hm§n tamNn¸n¡m\mWv. ]¯pt]À¡v Fgp¯pw hmb\bpw ]Tn¸n¨psImSp¡p¶ ASnaIsf {]hmNI³ tamNn¸n¨ncp¶p. ]e ]m]§Ä¡pw Ckvemw \nÝbn¨ {]mbÝn¯§fn {]Yahpw {][m\hpw ASnaIsf tamNn¸n¡emWv. ""Bsc¦nepw Hcp hnizmknsb h[n¡m\nSbmbm {]mbÝn¯ambn hnizmknbmb HcSnasb tamNn¸n¡Ww. sImÃs¸«hsâ AhIminIÄ¡v \jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIpIbpw thWw. AhÀ \jvS]cnlmcw hn«psImSp¯msemgnsI'' (4: 92).

i]YewL\w, {hXa\pjvTn¡sh `mcym`À¯m¡³amÀ ssewKnI_Ôw ]peÀ¯Â t]mepÅ A]cm[§fpsS {]mbÝn¯hpw ASnaIsf tamNn¸n¡es{X. C§s\ ASna¯ tamN\¯n\v Ckvemw hnhn[ amÀK§Ä \nÝbn¨p. ]ctemI¯v AXnal¯mb {]Xn^ew hmKvZm\w \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ CkvemanI kaql¯n kw`hn¨t]mse hn]pehpw hym]Ihpamb \nebn ASnaIÄ hntamNnXcmb asämcp ImeL«hpw Ncn{X¯nepWvSmbn«nÃ. tamN\]{XsagpXn kzmX{´yw t\Sm\pw Ckvemw Ahkcsamcp¡n. AX\pkcn¨v ASnabpw bPam\\pw tbmPn¨p Xocpam\n¡p¶ aqeyw \nÝbn¨v kzmX{´yw t\Sm³ ASnaIÄ¡v km[n¡pambncp¶p. C¯cw L«§fn kzmX{´yw \ÂIm³ bPam\³ _m[yØ\mWv. AXnenSs]Smt\m IcmÀ \ncmIcn¡mt\m AbmÄ¡v AhImianÃ. tamN\]{XsagpXp¶ \nanjw apX ASna ASnabÃmXmbn, Iqen¸Wn¡mcsâ Øm\s¯¯p¶p. ]n¶oSv sN¿p¶ tPmen¡v {]Xn^eapWvSmhpIbpw AXv tamN\aqeyambn amdpIbpw sN¿p¶p. aäp sXmgnepIfneqsS ]WapWvSm¡n tamN\aqeyw tiJcn¡m\pw AbmÄ¡hImiapWvSmbncn¡pw. C¯csamcp hyhØ bqtdm¸n AwKoIcn¡s¸«Xv ]Xn\memw \qämWvSn am{XamsW¶Xv {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyas{X. C§s\ hnhn[ hnt[\ tamN\w t\Snb ASnaIÄ CkvemanI Ncn{X¯n al¯mb Øm\ae¦cn¡pIbpw `cWwhsc ssIbmfpIbpapWvSmbn. _nemep_v\p d_mlns\t¸mse AXpeyamb ]Zhnbnse¯nbhcpw AhcnepWvSv. 3. ASnaIÄ Xeapd XeapdIfmbn XpScp¶ AhØ¡v Ckvemw AdpXn hcp¯n. bPam\\v ASnakv{Xobn Ip«nIfpWvSmbm AhÀ bPam\sâ Ip«nIfmbmWv ]cnKWn¡s¸SpIsb¶pw aäp a¡sft¸mse Xs¶ ]qÀWmhImiapÅ kzX{´cmb ]uc³amcmbncn¡psa¶pw Ckvemw {]Jym]n¨p. AtXmsSm¸w bPam\sâ acWt¯msS AhcpsS amXm¡Ä kzX{´cmbn¯ocpsa¶pw AXv hnfw_cw sNbvXp. AtXmsSm¸w bPam\³amÀ X§fpsS IognepÅ ASnakv{XoIsf thiymhr¯n¡p]tbmKn¨v hcpam\apWvSm¡p¶ AXy´w \oNamb k{¼Zmb¯n\v ]qÀWambpw AdpXnhcp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. 4. {Ia{]hr²ambn ASna¯w Ahkm\n¸n¡m\mhiyamb kao]\w kzoIcn¨ Ckvemw AXv ]qÀWambpw \ntcm[n¡mXncp¶Xv A\nhmcyamb ImcW§fmemWv. bp²¯neqsSbÃmsX ASnaIfpWvSmhp¶ FÃm hgnIfpw AXv ]qÀWambpw sIm«nbS¨p. \_nXncpta\nbpsS \ntbmKIme¯v bp²¯ShpImsc ASnaIfm¡pItbm h[n¡pItbm sN¿p¶ k{¼ZmbamWv \ne\n¶ncp¶Xv. ZoÀLImew CtX AhØ XpScpIbpWvSmbn. i{Xpcmjv{Shpambn bp²apWvSmIpt¼mÄ AhÀ ]nSnIqSp¶ CkvemanI cmjv{S¯nse ]uc³amsc ASnaIfm¡pItbm h[n¡pItbm sN¿p¶ k{¼Zmbw \ne\n¶ncp¶ kmlNcy¯n CkvemanI cmjv{Sw ]nSnIqSp¶ i{Xpcmjv{S¯nse _µnIfpsS Imcy¯n asämcp \ne]mSv kzoIcn¡pI km[ytam {]mtbmKnItam Bbncp¶nÃ. F¶n«pw bp²¯ShpImsc h[n¡p¶Xv Ckvemw hne¡n. Ahsc shdpsX hnSpItbm {]Xn^ew hm§n hn«b¡pItbm sN¿msa¶v \nÀtZin¡pIbpw sNbvXp (47: 4). bp²¯ShpImsc apgph³ Xmakn¸n¡m³ kuIcyapÅ kwhn[m\anÃmXncp¶Xn\m i{Xpcmjv{S§Ä sNbvX t]mse¯s¶ CkvemanI cmjv{Shpw Ahsc ASnaIfm¡pIbmWpWvSmbXv. CtX¡pdn¨v {]apJ CkvemanI ]WvUnX³ apl½Zv JpXzv_v FgpXp¶p: ""bp²¯ShpImcpsS Imcy¯n i{Xp]£w asämcp coXn kzoIcn¡m³ k¶²amhp¶Xphsc F¶v ASna¯ k{¼Zmb¯n\v Ah[n \nÝbn¨p. apkvenw bp²¯ShpImÀ GI]£obambn ASna¯¯nsâ Nfn¡pWvSn Fdnbs¸SmXncn¡m³thWvSn am{XamWXv. ChnsS FSpt¯mtXWvS Hcp {][m\ kwKXnbpWvSv: "shdpsXtbm {]Xn^ew hm§ntbm hn«b¡pI' F¶ bp²¯ShpImsc ]cmaÀin¡p¶ GI JpÀB³ hmIyw _Ô\Øsc ASnaIfm¡p¶ Imcyw ]dªn«nÃ. AsXmcp imizX \nbaamhmXncn¡m³ thWvSnbmWXv. {]mbÝn¯w hm§nbpÅ tamN\s¯¸än ]dªp. {]Xn^ew IqSmsXbpÅ tamN\s¯¡pdn¨pw ]dªp. ImcWw, Ah

cWvSpamWv kao]`mhnbntem hnZqc`mhnbntem bp²¯ShpImtcmSpÅ s]cpamä¯n a\pjycmin¡pthWvSn Ckvemw ]cnanXs¸Sp¯m\pt±in¡p¶ imizX cq]§Ä. ASna¯ k{¼Zmbw apkvenwIÄ kzoIcn¨Xv \nÀ_Ô kmlNcy¯nsâ A\nhmcyX \nan¯ambncp¶p. AÃmsX JWvUnXamb HcnkvemanI hn[n¡p hnt[bambn«mbncp¶nÃ'' (sXän²cn¡s¸« aXw þ ]pdw 62) \_nXncpta\nbpsS Ime¯v bp²¯ShpImcpsS Imcy¯n {][m\ambpw A©p kao]\amWv kzoIcn¨ncp¶Xv. 1 . i{Xp¡Ä _Ô\Øcm¡nb XShpImÀ¡p ]Icambn X§fpsS XShpImsc AhÀ¡v ssIamdpI. 2 . {]Xn^ew kzoIcn¨v tamNn¸n¡pI. _ZvÀbp²¯nse XShpImcpsS Imcy¯n am{Xta Cu kao]\w kzoIcn¨pÅq. CkvemanI cmjv{Sw Zcn{Zhpw XShpImÀ a¡bnse k¼¶cpambncp¶Xn\memImw AhcnÂ\n¶v {]Xn^ew kzoIcn¨Xv. 3 . cmPy¯nsâ `{ZXbv¡v lm\nIcasæn shdpsX hnSpI. lpss\³bp²¯nse XShpImcpsS Imcy¯n \_nXncpta\n Cu kao]\amWv kzoIcn¨Xv. _\qapkvXzeJv bp²¯nse _µnIfpsS Imcy¯n Ahew_n¨ \bhpw CXpXs¶bmbncp¶p. 4 . i{Xp¡Ä ]nSnIqSp¶ CkvemanI kaql¯nse ]uc³amsc ASnaIfm¡p¶t]mse apkvenwIfpsS ]nSnbn s]Sp¶ XShpImscbpw ASnaIfm¡n ]«mf¡mÀ¡v `mKn¨psImSp¡pI. At¸mgpw AhtcmSv am\yambn s]cpamdm\pw X§Ä Ign¡p¶ Blmchpw [cn¡p¶ hkv{Xhpw Xmakn¡p¶Xpt]mepÅ CShpw AhÀ¡v \ÂIm\pw iàambn \nÀtZin¡s¸«ncp¶p. 5 . apkvenwIÄ¡v \nÀ_Ô ]«mf tkh\w \nÝbn¡s¸«ncp¶Xn\m AXnÂ\ns¶mgnhm¡s¸« aX\yq\]£§Ä cmPyc£¡mbn \ÂtIWvS Pnkvb kzoIcn¨v XShnem¡s¸Sp¶hscsbÃmw kzX{´cm¡pI. \Pvdm\nse {InkvXym\nIfpsS Imcy¯n \_nXncpta\n kzoIcn¨ kao]\w CXmbncp¶p. ]n¡me¯v CkvemanI cmjv{S¯nse `cWm[nImcnIfhew_n¨ \bhpw CXpXs¶. bp²¯ShpImsc ASnaIfm¡pIsb¶Xv A\nhmcyamb kmlNcy¯n A]qÀhambn am{Xahew_n¨ kao]\ambncp¶p. AsXmcp Øncw k{¼Zmbambncp¶nÃ. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ Ckvemw ASna¯wA\phZn¨psh¶Xv \nÀ_ÔnX ]cnXxØnXnbnse Xm¡menI kao]\w am{Xas{X. apl½Zv JpXzv_v FgpXp¶p: ""HcSnØm\sa¶ \nebv¡v ASna¯s¯ Ckvemw AwKoIcn¨n«nÃ. ASna¯tamN\¯n\pthWvSn hyXykvX amÀK§fneqsS Ckvemw \S¯nb {iaw AXn\p sXfnhmWv. AXnsâ DdhnS§Ä hän¨pIfbm³ Ckvemw ]camh[n {ian¨p. Ckveman\v Häbv¡v Xocpam\saSp¡m³ h¿m¯, AXnsâ ]nSnbnsemXp§m¯ Hcp \nÀ_ÔnX kmlNcyapWvSmbncp¶p. Ckveman\v kzm[o\anÃm¯ cmjv{S§fpw P\XIfpambn _Ôs¸« Hcp {]iv\ambncp¶p AXv. AhÀ apkvenw bp²¯ShpImsc ASnaIfm¡n ItTmc in£bv¡p hnt[bam¡n. AXn\m (ASnaItfmSpÅ \oNamb s]cpamä¯nsâ Imcy¯nsemgn¨v, ASnaIfm¡pIsb¶ X¯z¯nse¦nepw) X¯peyamb \bw kzoIcn¡phm\Xv \nÀ_ÔnXambn. ASna¯ k{¼Zmbw \nÀ¯em¡mXncn¡p¶Xn\v Ckvemans\ \nÀ_Ôn¨ B GI amÀKw Ahkm\n¸n¡phm³ temI¯nse CXc iànIfpsS klIcWw IqSn Bhiyambncp¶p. B klIcWw e`n¡p¶ \nanj¯n AkµnKv[amwhn[w Ckvemw hyàam¡nb AXnsâ al¯mb kn²m´¯nte¡v aS§p¶XmWv. FÃmhÀ¡pw kaXzhpw kzmX{´yhpw F¶ X¯z¯nte¡v'' (sXän²cn¡s¸« aXwþ ]pdw 64)

C¶pw bp²¯ShpImsc IpähmfnIfmbn IWvSv XShnenSmdmWv ]Xnhv. ImcmKrl¯nse CcpfSª apdnbn XShp]pÅnbmbn Imew Ign¡p¶Xns\¡mÄ ]Xn³aS§v t`Zw CkvemanI kaql¯nepWvSmbncp¶ FÃm `uXnImhiy§fpw ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸Sp¶ kwhn[m\ambncp¶psh¶XmWv hkvXpX. ASnasb¶ hntijWw Gsd AtcmNIamsW¦nepw. Hcp kmaqlnILS\bpsS Ahn`mPy`mKambn \ne\n¡p¶ Hcp k{¼Zmbs¯ s]s«s¶mcp\mÄ \nbaw aqew \ntcm[n¡p¶Xv ^e{]ZaÃ. ASna¯ k{¼Zmbs¯ A¡me¯v tIhew Hcp¯chpsImWvSv Ahkm\n¸n¡pI km[yambncp¶nÃ. A¯csamcp \S]Sn DWvSmbmepw ]ntä¶v apX kaqlw apgph³ ASnaIsfbpw km[mcW kzX{´ ]uc³amsct¸mse kzoIcn¡m³ am\knIambn k¶²amhpIbnÃ. Hcp kp{]`mX¯n hntamNnXcmb FÃm ASnaIfpambn kzX{´kaqlw ka`mh\tbmsS s]cpamdpsa¶v {]Xo£n¡mhXÃ. hnhml¯nteÀs¸Sm\pw aäpw CXv hnLmXw krjvSn¡pw. hnapà ASnaIfpsS Hcp hÀKw cq]wsImÅembncn¡pw CXnsâ ^ew. t\cs¯ e`n¨pt]m¶ncp¶ sXmgnepw kwc£Whpw e`n¡msX Cu hn`mKw sImSnb sISpXnIÄ¡ncbmhpIbpw sN¿pw. A{_lmw en¦¬ Atacn¡³ sFIy\mSpIfnse ASna¯ hyhØ \nÀ¯em¡nbt¸mgpWvSmb A\p`hanXn\v km£nbmWv. ASnaIÄ kzmX{´yw DÄs¡mÅm³ am\knIambn kÖambn«nÃmXncp¶Xn\m bPam\³amcpsS ASpt¯¡v Xncn¨ph¶v X§sf ASnaIfmbn kzoIcn¡m³ AhtcmSv Bhiys¸SpIt]mepapWvSmbn. AXn\memWv Ckvemw ASna¯ k{¼Zmb¯n\v AdpXnhcp¯m³ {Ia {]hr²hpw hyhØm]nXhpamb amÀKw Ahew_n¨Xv. 5. a\pjyicoc¯nsâ Ne\§fpsS ta GÀs¸Sp¯s¸Sp¶ \nb{´WamWtÃm \nbaw. AXn\m \msa§s\ Pohn¡Wsa¶v Xocpam\n¡p¶Xv \nbaamWv. C¯cw \nba§Ä \nÀan¡m\pÅ BXy´nIamb A[nImcmhImiw BÀ¡msW¶Xv a\pjykzmX{´yhpambn At`Zyambn _Ôs¸«ncn¡p¶p. hyànIÄ tXm¶nbt]mse Pohn¡p¶ kaqlw ]qÀWambpw Ac£nXhpw AcmPIhpambncn¡pw. AXn\m kaql¯nsâ kpKaamb \ne\nÂ]n\v \nbaw A\nhmcyamWv. AXv \nÀan¡m\pÅ ]cam[nImcw ssIbS¡nhbv¡p¶hÀ bPam\³amcmWv. AXn\p hnt[bcmhp¶hÀ ASnaIfpw. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ \nba\nÀamW¯nsâ ]cam[nImcw ssZh¯n\ÃmsX aämÀ¡pansö ]cakXyw AwKoIcn¡m¯ FÃmhcpw X§sft¸mepÅ a\pjycpsS ASnaIfpw BÚm\phÀ¯nIfpas{X. Cu kq£vamÀY¯n \nba\nÀamW¯nsâ ]cam[nImcw `cWIqS¯n\v AwKoIcn¨psImSp¡p¶ B[p\nI kaql§sfms¡bpw ASna kaql§fs{X. Ahsc kw_Ônt¨St¯mfw bYmÀY tamN\w Gsd hnZqcw Xs¶. \nba\nÀamW¯nsâ ]cam[nImctam tkzO aäpÅhcpsS ta ASnt¨Â]n¡m³ A\phmZtam Ckvemw BÀ¡pw \ÂIp¶nÃ. {kjvSmhn\pam{XamWv ]cam[nImcw. `cWm[nImcnIÄ Ahsâ \nbaw \oXn]qÀhw \S¸m¡p¶hÀ am{Xas{X. CuPn]vXnsâ tPXmhpw B cmPy¯nsâ {]Ya apkvenw KhÀWdpamb Awdp_v\p Bkznsâ aI³ Hcp km[mcW¡mcs\ A\ymbambn ASn¨Xmbn ]cmXn e`n¨t¸mÄ Jeo^m Dadp ^mdqJv {]XnImcw \S¸nem¡nbtijw KhÀWtdmSv tNmZn¨XnXmbncp¶p: ""Awtd, \n§sft¸mgmWv P\§sf ASnaIfm¡m³ XpS§nbXv? AhcpsS amXm¡Ä Ahsc kzX{´cmbn«mWtÃm {]khn¨Xv.'' ASna¯s¯ kw_Ôn¨ CkvemanI kao]\¯nsâ A´Ê¯ Fs´¶v Dadp ^mdqJnsâ Cu tNmZyw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶pWvSv. bYmÀY hntamN\w DZvtLmjn¡p¶ Ckvemw Ncn{X¯nednbs¸Sp¶Xpt]mepÅ ASna¯hpambn Hcn¡epw s]mcp¯s¸Sp¶nÃ

Ckvemansâ {]NmcWhpw Bbp[{]tbmKhpw C´ybn apkvenwIÄ \yq\]£ambXn\metà R§Äs¡Xnsc PnlmZv \S¯m¯Xv? Ckvemw Im^ndpIÄs¡Xnsc PnlmZv sN¿m³ IÂ]n¡p¶ntÃ?'' C´ybnse apkvenwIÄ PnlmZv \S¯p¶nsö [mcW icnbÃ. ImcWw apgph³ hnizmknIfpw PnlmZv \nÀhln¡m³ _m[yØcmWv. AXnÂ\n¶v amdn\n¡m³ BÀ¡pw A\phmZanÃ. \cIin£bnÂ\n¶v c£t\Sm\pw kzÀKe_v[n¡pw AX\nhmcyamWv. JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""hnizkn¨htc, thZ\tbdnb in£bnÂ\n¶v \n§sf tamNn¸n¡p¶ Hcp hym]mcs¯¡pdn¨v \n§Ä¡p Rm\dnbn¨p Xcs«tbm? \n§Ä ssZh¯nepw Ahsâ ZqX\nepw hnizkn¡pI. \n§fpsS Poh[\mZnIfm ssZhamÀK¯n PnlmZv \S¯pI. AXmWv \n§Ä¡p¯aw. \n§Ä Adnbp¶hsc¦nÂ.'' (61: 10þ11) "PnlmZv sN¿p¶hcpw £a Ahew_n¡p¶hcpamsW¶v hyàam¡s¸SmsX kzÀK{]thiw km[yasöp' JpÀB³ {]Jym]n¡p¶p (3: 142). apkvenwkapZmb¯nsâ \ntbmKe£yw Xs¶ PnlmZv \nÀhln¡es{X. ""ssZhamÀK¯n bYmhn[n PnlmZv sN¿pI. Xsâ ZuXy¯n\pthWvSn \n§sf \ntbmKn¨Xv Ah\mWv. aX¯n \n§Äs¡mcp ¢njvSXbpw Ah\pWvSm¡nbn«nÃ.''(22: 78) PnlmZv BÀs¡¦nepw FXncmsW¶ [mcW ]cam_²amWv. kXykwØm]\¯n\pÅ \nc´cbXv\amWXv. taml§sf sacp¡nsbSp¯pw COIsf \nb{´n¨pw B{Kl§fpsS ta ta[mhnXzw ]peÀ¯nbpw kz´w PohnXs¯ ssZh\nÀtZi§Ä¡\pcq]am¡n, bYmÀY kXyhnizmknbmhm³ \S¯p¶ {iaw t]mepw PnlmZmWv. bp²cwK¯p\n¶v aS§th Hcn¡Â {]hmNI³ ]dªp: ""\mw Gähpw sNdnb PnlmZnÂ\n¶v Gähpw henb PnlmZnte¡v Xncn¨ph¶ncn¡p¶p''. {]hmNI injy³amÀ tNmZn¨p: ""GXmWv Gähpw henb B PnlmZv?'' \_nXncpta\n AcpÄ sNbvXp: ""a\Ênt\mSpÅ kachpw kz´t¯mSpÅ PnlmZpamWXv.'' IpSpw_¯nsâ CkvemaoIcW¯n\mbn \S¯s¸Sp¶ hnZym`ymkw, kwkvIcWw, kZp]tZiw, in£Ww XpS§nbhsbÃmw PnlmZnepÄs¸Sp¶p. kXykwØm]\¯n\pw \³abpsS {]NmcW¯n\pw [Àa¯nsâ D¶Xn¡pambpÅ Fgp¯pw {]kwKhpw kw`mjWhpw NÀ¨bpw hnZym`ymk {]NmcWhpsaÃmw AXnÂs]Sp¶p. kapZmb¯nsâ A`yp¶Xn e£ywsh¨pÅ imkv{Xþkmt¦XnIþkm¼¯nIþkmwkvImcnIþIemþkmlnXy {]hÀ¯\§fpw PnlmZpXs¶. ssZhnI k³amÀK¯nsâ kwØm]\¯n\mbn \S¯s¸Sp¶ kIe {ia§fpw ssZhamÀK¯nse PnlmZmWv. ka{Kamsbmcp ]ZamWXv. _p²n]cambpw Nn´m]cambpapÅ hn¹h§fpWvSm¡m\pw P\§fpsS hnImc§fpw XmÂ]cy§fpw kwkvIcn¡m\pw, AhcpsS ho£Ww ssZhnI k³amÀK¯n\\pcq]am¡n amäm\pw \S¯s¸Sp¶ hmNnIhpw enJnXhpamb kwcw`§ÄsXm«v kXy¯nsâ i{Xp¡tfmSpÅ kmbp[ kacw hsc AXv hym]n¨pInS¡p¶p. hyàn, Xsâ A`nam\hpw Poh\pw kz¯pw kwc£n¡m³ {ian¡p¶Xpw PnlmZvXs¶; B amÀK¯nse acWw ssZhkcWnbnse càkm£nXzhpw. AXn\mÂ, apkvenwIÄ \yq\m \yq\]£ambmepw alm`qcn]£ambmepw PnlmZv \nÀ_ÔamWv. kmlNcyamWv AXnsâ coXn \nÝbn¡pI. AXv AapkvenwIÄs¡XnscbpÅ kmbp[ kactam bp²tam AÃ. ssZhnIamÀK¯nse XymK]cn{iaamWv. tNmZy¯n kqNn¸n¡s¸«t]mse AapkvenwIsfÃmw Im^ndpIfÃ. Im^nÀ F¶Xv Ckvemanse Hcp kmt¦XnI]ZamWv. kXyhpw k³amÀKhpw bYmhn[n a\Ênem¡nb tijhpw t_m[]qÀhw AXns\ \ntj[n¡p¶h\mWv Im^nÀ. Im^ndpItfmSpw A\nhmcyamb ImcWanÃmsX Bbp[saSp¯v AScmSm³ Ckvemw

A\phZn¡p¶nÃ. AhÀ apkvenw`qcn]£ {]tZi¯mbmepw \yq\]£ \mSpIfnembmepw icn.

""apl½Zv \_n Xs¶ \nch[n bp²w \S¯nbn«ntÃ? Ckvemansâ {]NmcW¯n apJy ]¦phln¨Xv Bbp[{]tbmKatÃ?'' apl½Zv \_n {]hmNIXz eÏn¡ptijw \oWvS ]Xnaq¶p hÀjw a¡bn CkvemanI {]t_m[\ {]hÀ¯\§Ä \S¯n. B L«¯n Ckvemansâ i{Xp¡Ä {]hmNIs\bpw A\pbmbnIsfbpw \nÀZbw aÀZn¨p. sImSnb ]oU\§Ä¡ncbm¡n. Aklyamwhn[w Ahtlfn¡pIbpw \m«nÂ\n¶v _lnjvIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. At¸msgm¶pw {]hmNI³ Ahsb {]Xntcm[n¡pItbm {]XnImc \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pItbm {]Xym{IaW§Ä \S¯pItbm sNbvXnÃ. A\pbmbnIÄ Xncn¨Sn¡m³ A\phmZw Bcmsª¦nepw \_nXncpta\n AwKoIcn¨nÃ. "ssIIÄ AS¡nhbv¡pI. \akvImcw \njvTtbmsS \nÀhln¡pI. kIm¯v \ÂIpI' F¶Xmbncp¶p AhtcmSpÅ ssZhimk\. a¡bn PohnXw ZpÊlambt¸mÄ \_nXncpta\nbpw A\pbmbnIfpw \mSphn«p. AhÀ aZo\bn A`bw tXSn. AhnsS AhÀ Øm]n¨ CkvemanI kaql¯n\pw cmjv{S¯n\psaXnsc i{Xp¡Ä X§fpsS FXnÀ¸pw AXn{Iahpw XpSÀ¶p. At¸mÄ am{XamWv {]hmNI¶pw A\pNc³amÀ¡pw Xncn¨Sn¡m³ A\phmZw e`n¨Xv. AÃmlp Adnbn¨p: ""XoÀ¨bmbpw AÃmlp kXyhnizmknIÄ¡pthWvSn {]Xntcm[n¡p¶p. AÃmlp IrXLv\cmb h©Iscbmscbpw CjvSs¸SpIbnÃ. BÀs¡Xnsc bp²w \S¯s¸Sp¶pthm B A{Ia¯n\ncbmIp¶hÀ¡v Xncn¨Sn¡m³ A\paXn \ÂIs¸«ncn¡p¶p. ImcWw AhÀ aÀZn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. \nÝbambpw Ahsc klmbn¡m³ Ignhpäh\s{X AÃmlp. R§fpsS \mY³ ssZhamWv F¶p ]dªXÃmsX bmsXmcp \ymbhpanÃmsX kz´w hoSpIfnÂ\n¶v ]pd¯m¡s¸«hcmWhÀ. AÃmlp Nnescs¡mWvSv aäp Nnesc XSªncp¶nsæn aT§fpw tZhmeb§fpw {]mÀY\m aµnc§fpw ssZh\maw [mcmfambn kvacn¡s¸Sp¶ ]ÅnIfpw XIÀ¡s¸Spambncp¶p. Xs¶ klmbn¡p¶hsc AÃmlphpw klmbn¡pIXs¶ sN¿pw. XoÀ¨bmbpw ià\pw AP¿\pamIp¶p AÃmlp.'' (22: 38þ40) Ckvemw bp²w A\phZn¨Xv FÃmhcpsSbpw Bcm[\m kzmX{´yw kwc£n¡m\msW¶v Cu hnip² hN\w AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p. AXn{Iaw ImWn¡m¯hcmscbpw A{Ian¡m³ Ckvemw A\phZn¡p¶nÃ. BtcmSmWv, Ft¸mgmWv bp²w A\phZn¡s¸«Xpw BÚm]n¡s¸«Xpsa¶v hyàam¡p¶ \nch[n JpÀB³ hmIy§fpWvSv. NneXp am{XanhnsS D²cn¡mw: ""\n§tfmSv bp²w sN¿p¶htcmSv AÃmlphnsâ amÀK¯n \n§fpw bp²w sN¿pI. \n§Ä AXn{Iaw {]hÀ¯n¡cpXv. AXn{IaImcnIsf Hcn¡epw AÃmlp CjvSs¸SpIbnÃ. bp²¯n Gäpap«pt¼mÄ Ahsc IWvSnS¯ph¨v \n§Ä sIm¶pIfbpI. AhÀ \n§sf ]pdwXÅnb amÀK¯neqsS \n§Ä Ahscbpw ]pd´ÅpI. Ipg¸w sIme]mXIs¯¡mÄ KpcpXcas{X. a¡bnse ]ÅnbpsS ]cnkc¯ph¨v \n§fhtcmSv bp²w sN¿cpXv, AhÀ AhnsS h¨v \n§tfmSv bp²w sN¿p¶Xphsc. C\n, \n§tfmShÀ bp²w sNbvXm B bp²¯n \n§Ä¡hsc h[n¡mw. A{]ImcamWv \ntj[nIfpsS {]Xn^ew. AYhm, AhÀ hncan¨m s]mdp¡p¶h\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamIp¶p AÃmlp. \miw CÃmXmhpIbpw hnt[bXzw ssZh¯n\mhpIbpw sN¿p¶Xphsc \n§fhtcmSv bp²w sN¿pI. AYhm AhÀ hncan¨m ]ns¶ A{IanItfmSÃmsX i{XpXbnÃ.''(2: 190þ192) ""AhÀ kam[m\¯nte¡v Xncnªm \obpw AXnte¡p XncnbpI''(8: 61). Ct§m«p bp²¯ns\mcp§nb i{Xp¡tfmSv bp²¯n\v Cu hn[w A\paXnbpw BÚbpw \ÂIpt¼mgpw AXn{Iatam A\oXntbm AcpsX¶v aXa\pimkn¡p¶p. ""\n§sf

]pWy`h\¯n \n¶v XSªpsh¶Xnsâ t]cn Hcp P\XtbmSpÅ hntZzjw, AXn{Iaw sN¿m³ \n§sf t{]cn¸n¡cpXv. ]pWy¯n\pw kq£vaXtbmSp IqSnb PohnX¯n\pw thWvSn \n§Ä ]ckv]cw klIcn¡pI. ]m]¯n\pw i{XpXbv¡pw thWvSn \n§Ä klIcn¡cpXv. \n§Ä AÃmlpsh kq£n¡pI. XoÀ¨bmbpw ITn\ambn in£n¡p¶h\mIp¶p AÃmlp.'' (5: 2) ""Hcp P\XtbmSpÅ hntcm[w \n§sf \oXnbnÂ\n¶v hyXnNen¸n¡m³ ]mSnÃm¯XmIp¶p. \oXn ]men¡phn³. AXmWv `àn¡v A\ptbmPyw. ssZh`ànbpÅhcmbn hÀ¯n¡pI. \n§Ä {]hÀ¯n¨psImWvSncn¡p¶sXms¡bpw AÃmlp kq£vaambn Adnbp¶pWvSv.'' (5: 8) X§tfmSv bp²¯n\p hcm¯htcmSv kzoIcnt¡WvS kao]\sas´¶v hnip² JpÀB³ AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶pWvSv: ""aX¯nsâ t]cn \n§tfmSv bp²w sN¿mXncn¡pIbpw \n§fpsS `h\§fnÂ\n¶v \n§sf ]pd¯m¡mXncn¡pIbpw sNbvXhtcmSv \n§Ä \· sN¿p¶Xns\tbm \oXn ImWn¡p¶Xns\tbm AÃmlp hne¡p¶nÃ. \nÝbambpw AÃmlp \oXnam·msc CjvSs¸Sp¶p. aX¯nsâ t]cn \n§tfmSp bp²w sN¿pIbpw \n§fpsS `h\§fnÂ\n¶v \n§sf ]pd¯m¡pIbpw \n§sf ]pdwXÅm³ i{Xp¡sf klmbn¡pIbpw sNbvXhsc an{X§fm¡p¶Xns\ am{Xta AÃmlp \ntcm[n¡p¶pÅq. A¡q«sc Bsc¦nepw an{X§fm¡nbm Ahcs{X A{IanIÄ''(60:8þ9). hnip² JpÀBsâ BÚIÄ¡pw A[ym]\§Ä¡pa\pkcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¨ {]hmNI³(k) Ckvemans\bpw apkvenwIsfbpw A{Ian¡pIbpw X§tfmSv bp²w \S¯pIbpw sNbvXhtcmSv am{XamWv AScmSnbXv. \_nXncpta\nbpsS Ime¯v BsI F¬]s¯m¶v t]mcm«§fmWv \S¶Xv. AXn 27 F®¯nemWv {]hmNI³ t\cn«p ]s¦Sp¯Xv. aäv 54 F®w A\pbmbnIfpsS kwL§Ä \bn¨ kwL«\§fmbncp¶p. Cu 81 bp²§fnepambn BsI h[n¡s¸«Xv 1018 t]cmWv. 259 apkvenwIfpw 759 i{Xp¡fpw. A\nhmcyamb kmlNcy¯n bp²w \bn¨v \_nXncpta\n Iq«s¡meIÄ ]camh[n Hgnhm¡m\mWv {ian¨ncp¶sX¶v Cu IW¡pIÄ kwibmXoXambn hyàam¡p¶p. aÀZnXcpsS tamN\¯n\mbn aÀZItcmSv s]mcpXm³ Ckvemw AXnsâ A\pbmbnIsf Blzm\w sN¿p¶p: ""AÃmlphnsâ amÀK¯n F´psImWvSv \n§Ä bp²w sN¿p¶nÃ? "R§fpsS \mYm, A{IanIfptSXmb Cu \m«nÂ\n¶v R§sf \o tamNn¸nt¡Wta, \n¶nÂ\n¶pÅ Hcp c£Is\ \o R§Ä¡p \ÂtIWta, \n¶nÂ\n¶pÅ Hcp klmbnsb \o R§Ä¡p XtcWta!' F¶p {]mÀYn¨psImWvSncp¶ ZpÀ_ecmb ]pcpj·mcpsSbpw kv{XoIfpsSbpw Ip«nIfpsSbpw tamN\amÀK¯nepw \n§sf´psImWvSv s]mcpXp¶nÃ?''(4: 75). Cu imk\ ]men¨v apkvenwIÄ tdmamþt]Àjy³ km{amPy§fpsS ]nSnbnÂs]«v ASnbmfcmbn \cIbmX\b\p`hn¨ P\hn`mK§sf tamNn¸n¡m³ {ian¡pIbpWvSmbn. XZv^eambn {]kvXpX km{amPyiànIÄ Ckvemapambn Gäpap«n. Ah ]cmPbaSªv XIÀ¶t¸mÄ tImf\nIfmbncp¶ Cdm³, CdmJv, kndnb, tPmÀZm³, ^ekvXzo³, CuPn]vXv t]mepÅ cmPy§Ä kzX{´amhpIbpw CkvemanI cmjv{S¯nsâ `mKamhpIbpw sNbvXp. tdmamþt]Àjy³ km{amPy§sf ITn\ambn shdp¯ncp¶ Xt±iobÀ apkvenwIfpsS BKa\w Bhiys¸SpIbpw klÀjw kzmKXw sN¿pIbpambncp¶p. Cu hn[w Ckvemansâ Iogn h¶ \nhmknIfnemscbpw aXwamä¯n\v apkvenwIÄ \nÀ_Ôn¨ncp¶nÃ. AXn\v Ckvemw Bscbpw A\phZn¡p¶panÃ. Ckveman BIrjvScmbn kzbw AXv kzoIcn¡m³ k¶²cmbhÀ apkvenwIfmhpIbpw Ahtijn¡p¶hÀ ]qÀhnI aX¯nÂXs¶ XpScpIbpamWpWvSmbXv. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ Ckvemansâ {]t_m[\hpw {]NmcWhpw Bbp[{]tbmK¯neqsStbm A[nImciànbpsS \nÀ_Ôw hgntbm Bbncp¶nÃ. \njv]£cmb Ncn{XImc·mscÃmw C¡mcyw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. Ckvemw {]Ncn¨Xv hmfpsImWvSmsW¶ hymP{]NmcWs¯

JÞn¨psImWvSv kÀ tXmakv BÀWÄUv _rl¯mb Hcp {KÙw Xs¶ cNn¡pIbpWvSmbn. At±l¯nsâ "Ckvemw: {]t_m[\hpw {]Nmchpw' F¶ IrXn hnhn[ \mSpIfn Ckvemw {]Ncn¨ ]Ým¯ew hniZambn hnhcn¨v ]mÝmXycpsS Btcm]W§Ä XoÀ¯pw ASnØm\clnXamsW¶v kaÀYn¡p¶p. a[y]qÀhtZis¯ Ckvemansâ hym]\w hnhcn¨psImWvSv BÀWÄUv FgpXp¶p: ""taep²cn¨ DZmlcW§fnÂ\n¶v ss{IkvXh tKm{X§Ä kza\Êmse Ckvemw kzoIcn¡pIbmWpWvSmbsX¶v \ap¡v Duln¡mw. tPXm¡fmb apkvenwIfpw XpSÀ¶pÅ apkvenw XeapdIfpw AhtcmSp ImWn¨ klnjvWpX A§s\ Dd¸n¡m\mWv \s½ t{]cn¸n¡p¶Xv. apl½ZobcpsS CSbn Ct¸mgpw Pohn¡p¶ ss{IkvXh Ad_nIÄ Cu klnjvWpXbpsS Poh\pÅ sXfnhpIfmWv'' (t]Pv 64). At±lw Xs¶ XpScp¶p: ""ss{IkvXhtcmSv apkvenw `cW¯nsâ BZyIme¯v ImWn¨ klnjvWpXbpsS shfn¨¯n hmfmWv aX]cnhÀ¯\¯nsâ apJy D]IcWw F¶ hmZw H«pw Xr]vXnIcaÃm¯XmIp¶p''(t]Pv 83). C´ybnse CkvemanI {]NmcWs¯ kw_Ôn¨v tUm. Cuizcn {]kmZv ]dbp¶p: ""DtZymKta·bv¡pw ^yqU Øm\§Ä¡pw sImXn¨ncp¶ Iptdtbsd khÀWÀ apkvenw `cWt¯mSpIqSn Ckvemante¡v h¶p. F¶m IqSpXepw Xmgv¶ PmXnbn s]« A[xIrXcmbncp¶p. AXn\p ImcWw {Iqcamb PmXnhyhØ lnµpaX¯n AhÀ¡v arKXpeyX am{XamWv \ÂInbsX¶pw Ckvemw kaXzkmtlmZcyw kw`mh\ sNbvXpsh¶XpamWv''( Ram Gopal, Indian Muslims A Political History, P. 2 ). tUm. tdmbv Nu[cn FgpXp¶p: ""_wKmfnse ASn¨aÀ¯s¸« A[xIrX hÀK¯n\v Ckvemw Hcmizmkhpw km´z\hpambncp¶p. khÀW]oUbnÂ\n¶pw Hcp hcw In«nbns«¶t]mse AhÀ ]nSsªgpt¶äp'' ( Dr. Roy Choudary, Histoy of Muslim Rule, P. 14 D²cWw: Ncn{X]mT§Ä, t]Pv 344). ZoÀLImew _wKmÄ knhn kÀhoknembncp¶ kÀ sl³{Sn tIm«³ India and Home affairs F¶ {KÙ¯nsegpXp¶p: ""Ing¡³ _wKmfnse apkvenwIÄ apgps¡ A[xIrXcpw A[xØnXcpamb lnµp¡fpsS k´m\]c¼cbmWv. kmaqlnI\oXn¡pthWvSn aX]cnhÀ¯\w sNbvXhcmWv AhcpsS ]nXm¡·mÀ''(D²cWw: Ibid t]Pv:335). lÀ_³kv apJnb FgpXp¶p: ""aX]cnhÀ¯\w \S¶ncp¶psh¶ Imcyw Bcpw \ntj[n¡p¶nÃ. _lpP\Xe¯ne[nIhpw kw`hn¨Xv kzta[bm Bbncp¶p. P\§fpsS CSbn Xmakn¡pIbpw AhtcmSv AhcpsS `mjbn kwkmcn¡pIbpw sNbvXpt]m¶ kzq^ok\ymknamcpsS kzm[o\iànsImWvSmhmw A§s\ kw`hn¨Xv''(hÀKobXbpw {]mNo\ `mcX Ncn{XcN\bpw, t]Pv 48). almßmKmÔn FgpXp¶p: ""C¶p a\pjyhÀK¯nse P\§fpsS lrZb§fnÂ, \nÀhnhmZamb B[n]Xyw ]peÀ¯p¶ HcmfpsS PohnX¯nsâ Gähpw D¯aamb hiw Adnbm³ Rm³ {ian¨p. A¡me¯v PohnXkcWnbn Ckveman\v Øm\w t\Sns¡mSp¯Xv hmfmbncp¶nsöv aps¼¶t¯¡mfpw F\n¡p t_m[yambncn¡p¶p. {]hmNIsâ AN©eamb emfnXyhpw DZm¯amb Bß_ehpw {]XnÚItfmSpÅ ZrVamb {]Xn_²Xbpw Iq«pImtcmSpw A\pbmbnItfmSpapÅ AXncä AÀ¸Whpw \nÀ`bXzhpw ssZh¯nepw Xsâ ZuXy¯nepapÅ ]caamb hnizmkhpambncp¶p, hmfmbncp¶nà FÃmäns\bpw AhcpsS ap¼nse¯n¨Xpw FÃm XSʧsfbpw AXnPohn¡m³ klmbn¨Xpw''(b§v C´y 16þ9þ1924). ]mÝmXy³ {KÙImc\mb anÌÀ tdms_À«v sk³ FgpXp¶p: ""aXmthihpw CXc aXØtcmSpÅ klnjvWpXbpsS ssNX\yhpw Hcpt]mse \ne\nÀ¯nbhÀ apkvenwIÄ am{XamIp¶p. AhÀ hmsfSp¯tXmsSm¸w Xs¶ Ckveman XmÂ]cyanÃm¯hsc AhcpsS aXw apdpsI ]nSn¡m³ A\phZn¡pIbpWvSmbn''( Civilization of Arabs, D²cWw: Ckvemapw aXklnjvWpXbpw, t]Pv 68).

{]hmNI³ ]s¦Sp¯Xpw \bn¨Xpamb bp²§Ä A\nhmcy kmlNcy¯n AXn{Ia§sf {]Xntcm[n¡m\pw A\oXnbpw A[Àahpw Ahkm\n¸n¡m\pw thWvSnbmbncp¶psh¶pw Ckvemw {]Ncn¨Xv hmfmemsW¶ hmZw hymPmtcm]Ww am{XamsW¶pw Cu hn[w hkvXpXIsf hniIe\w sN¿m³ k¶²cmbhscÃmw kwibteiat\y hyàam¡nb hkvXpXbs{X

""Ckveman kv{Xoþ]pcpj kaXzaptWvSm? kv{XobpsS ]Zhn ]pcpjtâXnt\¡mÄ hfsc XmsgbtÃ?'' a\pjyÀ ]e Xc¡mcmWv. a\pjycnse AhØmhyXymka\pkcn¨v AhcpsS Øm\]ZhnIfnepw AhImiþ_m[yXIfnepw A´capWvSmhpI kzm`mhnIhpw A\nhmcyhpas{X. AXpt]mse kv{Xoþ]pcpj·mÀ¡nSbnepw imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb A´capWvSv. ]pcpj³ F{XXs¶ B{Kln¨mepw {ian¨mepw KÀ`w [cn¡m\pw {]khn¡m\pw apebq«m\pw km[yaÃtÃm. kv{Xo, ]pcpj\nÂ\n¶v hyXykvXambn amk¯n \nÝnX Znhk§fn BÀ¯hhpw AXnsâ A\nhmcyXbmb imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb {]iv\§fpw A\p`hn¡p¶p. ImbnIambn ]pcpj³ kv{Xotb¡mÄ Icp¯\pw `mcn¨ tPmenIÄ sN¿m³ Ignhpäh\pamWv. ]pcpjsâ GXmWvSv FÃm imcocnImhbh§fpw kv{XobptSXnÂ\n¶v XoÀ¯pw hyXykvXamWv. {]apJ icoc imkv{XÚ\mb lmhvtemIv FÃnkv ]dbp¶p: ""]pcpj³ Ahsâ ssIhnc¯p¼p hsc ]pcpj³ Xs¶bmWv. kv{Xo ImÂhnc¯p¼phsc kv{Xobpw''. icocLS\bnse A´cw am\knIhpw sshImcnIhpamb AhØbnepw {]ISas{X. AXn\m kv{Xo]pcpj·mÀ¡nSbn imcocnItam am\knItam Bb kaXztam XpeyXtbm CÃ. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ AhÀ¡nSbnse k¼qÀW kaXzw A{]mtbmKnIamWv, {]IrXnhncp²hpw. a\pjycminbpsS {kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb ssZhw \evInb PohnXhyhØbmWv Ckvemw. AXn\meXv a\pjy{]IrXntbmSv ]qÀWambpw CW§p¶Xpw s]mcp¯s¸Sp¶Xpas{X. Ckvemw kv{Xosbbpw ]pcpjs\bpw AhImiþ_m[yXIfpsS t]cn ]ckv]cw Ieln¡p¶ cWvSp i{XphÀKambà ImWp¶Xv. Htc hÀK¯nse At\ym\yw klIcn¨pw CW§nbpw Ignbp¶, IgntbWvS cWvSv AwK§fmbmWv. AÃmlp Adnbn¡p¶p: ""\n§sfÃmhcpw Htc hÀK¯nÂs]«hcmWv''(JpÀB³ 4:25). {]hmNI³ ]dªp: ""kv{XoIÄ ]pcpj·mcpsS `mKw Xs¶bmWv''(A_qZmhqZv). AXn\m kv{Xo]pcpj·mcpsS ]ZhnIsf KWnX imkv{X]cambn hniIe\w sN¿pI km[yaÃ. Nne Imcy§fn ]pcpj·mÀ¡mWv ap³KW\sb¦n aäp NneXn kv{XoIÄ¡mWv. XZvkw_Ôamb Ckvemansâ kao]\w C§s\ kw{Kln¡mw: 1. AÃmlphn¦Â kv{Xo]pcpj·mÀ¡nSbn Fs´¦nepw A´ctam hnthN\tam CÃ. AhsâbSp¡Â k¼qÀW kaXzhpw XpeyXbpw hmKvZm\w sN¿s¸«ncn¡p¶p. ""]pcpj\mhs« kv{Xobmhs«, Bcp kXyhnizmkapÄs¡mWvSv k¡Àaa\pjvTn¡p¶pthm, Cu temI¯v AhÀ¡v \mw hnip²PohnXw \ÂIpw. ]ctemI¯v AhcpsS t{ijvThr¯nIfpsS ASnØm\¯n \mahÀ¡v {]Xn^ew \ÂIpIbpw sN¿pw''(16: 97). ""]pcpj\mhs« kv{Xobmhs«, kXyhnizmkapÄs¡mWvSv k¡Àaa\pjvTn¡p¶Xmtcm, AhÀ kzÀKmhIminIfmbncn¡pw''(40: 40). ""AhcpsS \mY³ AhtcmSv D¯ctaIn: kv{Xobmhs«, ]pcpj\mhs«, \n§fnemcpsSbpw IÀas¯ \mw \njv^eam¡p¶XÃ. \n§sfÃmhcpw Htc hÀK¯n s]«hcmWtÃm''(3:195).

2. `qanbn Gähpa[nIw BZchv AÀln¡p¶Xv kv{XobmWv. amXrXzt¯mfw alnXambn asäm¶pw temI¯nÃ. XeapdIÄ¡v P·w \ÂIp¶Xv AhcmWv. BZy Kpcp¡·mcpw AhÀXs¶. a\pjysâ P\\¯nepw hfÀ¨bnepw Gähpa[nIw ]¦phln¡p¶Xpw {]bmka\p`hn¡p¶Xpw amXmhmWv. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ a\pjy³ `qanbn Gähpa[nIw A\pkcn¡pIbpw BZcn¡pIbpw AwKoIcn¡pIbpw sNt¿WvSXv amXmhns\bmWv. HcmÄ {]hmNIk¶n[nbn h¶v tNmZn¨p: ""ssZhZqXtc, Fsâ Gähpw sa¨s¸« klhmk¯n\v AÀl³ BcmWv?'' AhnS¶v AcpÄ sNbvXp: ""\nsâ amXmhv''. AbmÄ tNmZn¨p: ""]ns¶ BcmWv?'' {]hmNI³ {]XnhNn¨p: ""\nsâ amXmhv''. AbmÄ hoWvSpw tNmZn¨p: ""]ns¶ BcmWv'' \_n Adnbn¨p: ""\nsâ amXmhv Xs¶.'' AbmÄ tNmZn¨p: ""]ns¶ BcmWv?'' {]hmNI³ ]dªp: ""\nsâ ]nXmhv''(_pJmcn, apkvenw). hnip² JpÀB³ amXm]nXm¡sf Hcpan¨v ]cmaÀin¨ H¶ntesd Øe§fn FSp¯p]dªXv amXmhnsâ tkh\amWv. ""a\pjyt\mSv Ahsâ amXm]nXm¡fpsS Imcyw \mw D]tZin¨ncn¡p¶p. ISp¯ £oWt¯msSbmWv amXmhv Ahs\ KÀ`w Npa¡p¶Xv. Ahsâ apeIpSn \nÀ¯m³ cWvSp hÀjw thWw. AXn\m \o Ft¶mSpw \nsâ amXm]nXm¡tfmSpw \µnImWn¡Ww''(31:14). ""amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v \· sN¿Wsa¶v a\pjyt\mSv \mw IÂ]n¨ncn¡p¶p. Gsd {]bmkt¯msSbmWv amXmhv Ahs\ KÀ`w Npa¶Xv. ISp¯ ]mchiyt¯msSbmWv {]khn¨Xv''(46:15). AXn\m CkvemanIho£W¯n {]YaØm\hpw ]cnKW\bpw amXmsh¶ kv{Xo¡mWv. 3. ]pcpj·mtc¡mÄ hnthI]qÀhhpw DNnXhpamb kao]\w kzoIcn¡m³ km[n¡p¶ kv{XoIfpsWvS¶v JpÀB³ D²cn¡p¶ ti_mcmÚnbpsS Ncn{Xw AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p. kpsseam³ \_nbpsS ktµiw e`n¨t¸mÄ AhÀ Xsâ sIm«mc¯nepÅhcpambn F´pthWsa¶v IqSnbmtemNn¨p. hyàhpw bpàhpamb \ne]mSv kzoIcn¡m\hÀ¡v km[n¨nÃ. ]Izamb A`n{]mbhpw kao]\hpapWvSmbXv ti_m cmÚnbpsS `mK¯p\n¶p Xs¶bmbncp¶psh¶v JpÀB³ hyàam¡p¶p. (27: 29,44). 4. BZy]m]¯nsâ ImcW¡mcn kv{XobmsW¶ PqXþss{IkvXh k¦Â]s¯ Ckvemw XoÀ¯pw \ncmIcn¡p¶p. ssZhimk\ ewLn¨v BZapw lÆmbpw hne¡s¸« I\n `£n¨n«psWvS¶p hyàam¡p¶ JpÀB³ CXnsâ Ipäw {][m\ambpw Npa¯p¶Xv BZanemWv, lÆbneÃ. ""A§s\ BZapw ]Xv\nbpw B hr£¯nsâ ^ew `£n¨p. XZv^eambn At¸mÄXs¶ AhcpsS \áX ]ckv]cw shfnhmbn. Ccphcpw tXm«¯nse CeIÄsImWvSv X§sf adbv¡m³ XpS§n. BZw Xsâ \mYs\ [n¡cn¨p. t\ÀhgnbnÂ\n¶v hyXnNen¨p. ]n¶oSv BZans\ Xsâ \mY³ sXcsªSp¯p. At±l¯nsâ ]Ým¯m]w kzoIcn¡pIbpw k·mÀKtaIpIbpw sNbvXp''(20:121þ122). ""\mw CXn\p ap¼v BZan\v IÂ]\ sImSp¯ncp¶p. ]t£, BZw AXv ad¶p. \mw Abmfn \nÝbZmÀVyw IWvSnÃ''(20:115). BZn]m]¯nsâ ImcW¡mcn s]®msW¶ ]c¼cmKX[mcWsb JpÀB\nhnsS ]qÀWambpw Xncp¯p¶p. 5. t`mKmkàn¡Sns¸« `uXnI kaql§Ä ]et¸mgpw kv{XoIsf sImSnb ]oU\§Ä¡ncbm¡pI am{XaÃ, s]¬Ipªp§sf {Iqcambn sImes¸Sp¯mdpapWvSv. kaImeo\ kaql¯nse ØnXnbpw `n¶aÃ. C¡mcy¯n C´ybn {]YaØm\w Xangv\mSn\mWv. AhnSs¯ tkew PnÃbnse Dinemws]«n iniplXy¡v Ip{]kn²nbmÀPn¨ ØeamWv. AhnsS {]khn¨Xv s]®ns\bmsW¶dnªm `À¯mhv ImWm³ t]mepw hcnÃ. sIm¶pIfªn«p hm F¶ Adnbn¸mWv In«pI. AXn\m ho«pImÀ Ip«nbpsS IY Ign¨tijw XÅsb `À¯r`h\¯nte¡b¡p¶p.

s]¬Ipªp§Ä ]nd¡mXncn¡m³ Ahsc KÀ`]m{X¯nÂsh¨v sImes¸Sp¯p¶ coXn temI¯nsâ CXc `mK§fnse¶t]mse C´ybnepw hfsc hym]Ias{X. ""C´ybn {`qWlXy¡ncbmbn Hcp hÀjw A¼Xv e£w s]¬Ipªp§Ä acn¡p¶psWvS¶v C´y³ saUn¡Â Atkmkntbj³ `mchmlnIÄ hyàam¡p¶p. HutZymKnI IW¡\pkcn¨v CXv Ccp]Xv e£amWv. Cu {IqcIrXyw \_nXncpta\nbpsS BKa\ Ime¯v Atd_ybnse Nne tKm{X§fnepw \ne\n¶ncp¶p. JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""AhcnsemcmÄ¡v s]¬Ip«n ]nd¶Xmbn kphmÀ¯ e`n¨m sImSnb ZpxJw ISn¨nd¡n Ahsâ apJw Idp¯ncpfp¶p. Ah³ P\§fnÂ\n¶v Hfn¨p \S¡p¶p; Cu No¯ hmÀ¯ Adnªtijw Bscbpw A`napJoIcn¡mXncn¡m³. am\lm\n kln¨v AXns\ hfÀt¯Wtam AtXm Ahsf Poht\msS Ipgn¨paqtSWtam F¶v AbmÄ BtemNn¨psImWvSncn¡p¶p''(16: 58, 59). Ckvemw CXns\ ITn\ambn hne¡pIbpw KpcpXcamb Ipäambn {]Jym]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. "Poht\msS Ipgn¨paqSs¸« s]¬Ipªnt\mSv, Ahsf´v A]cm[¯nsâ t]cnemWv h[n¡s¸«sX¶v tNmZn¡s¸Sp¶' hnNmcW\mfns\ A`napJoIcnt¡WvSn hcpsa¶ Xm¡oXv \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp (81: 8,9). C§s\ Ckvemw kv{XoIfpsS Pohn¡m\pÅ AhImiw Dd¸phcp¯n. s]¬Ipªp§sf l\n¡p¶ lo\hr¯n¡v AdpXnhcp¯n. 6. F¡me¯pw FhnsSbpw AhKWn¡s¸Sp¶ hn`mKamWv kv{XoIsf¶Xn\m Ckvemw AhÀ¡v {]tXyI ]cnKW\bpw {]m[m\yhpw \ÂIn. {]hmNI³ ]dªp: ""HcmÄ¡v cWvSp s]¬Ip«nIfpWvSmhpIbpw Abmfhsc \Ã\nebn ]cn]men¡pIbpw sNbvXm AhÀ ImcWambn AbmÄ kzÀKmhIminbmbn¯ocpw''(_pJmcn). ""aq¶p s]¬a¡tfm ktlmZcnamtcm ImcWambn {]mcm_v[a\p`hn¡p¶h\v kzÀKw e`n¡mXncn¡nÃ'' (Xzlmhn). ""\n§Ä \n§fpsS a¡Ä¡nSbn Zm\¯n XpeyX ]peÀ¯pI. Rm³ BÀs¡¦nepw {]tXyIX IÂ]n¡p¶h\mbncp¶psh¦n kv{XoIÄ¡v ap³KW\ \ÂIpambncp¶p'' (Xz_vdm\n). Cu hn[w {]IrXn]camb {]tXyIXIÄ ]qÀWambpw ]cnKWn¨pÅ Øm\]ZhnIfpw AhImiþ_m[yXIfpamWv Ckvemw kv{Xo]pcpj·mÀ¡v IÂ]n¡p¶Xv. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ amXrXz¯n\v alXztaIpIbpw AXns\ AXy[nIw BZcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. kv{XobpsS Gähpw henb khntijXbpw amXrXzas{X. Atacn¡³ a\Èmkv{X hnZKv[\mb XntbmUÀ ssd¡v "kv{Xoþ ]pcpj·mÀ¡nSbnse sshImcnI sshPmXy§Ä' F¶ {KÙ¯n amXrXz¯ne`nam\n¡p¶ Hcp kv{XobpsS hm¡pIÄ C§s\ D²cn¡p¶p: ""ss[jWnIcwK¯pw CXc taJeIfnepapÅ ]pcpjsâ {]tXyIX kt¦mNteiat\y R§fwKoIcn¡p¶p. ]t£, R§Ä kv{XoIÄ AXnt\¡mÄ F{Xtbm {][m\s¸« H¶psImWvSv A\pKrloXcmWv. R§fnsæn a\pjycmin thcäpt]mIpw. a¡Ä¡v P·w \ÂIp¶Xv R§fmWv. hcpwXeapdIfpsS km¶n[yw AXphgn R§Ä Dd¸phcp¯p¶p''. F¶m s]®v t]mepw C¶v amXrXz¯nsâ alXzs¯¸än t_m[hXnbÃ. Xm³ C{X Ip«nIsf KÀ`w Npa¡pIbpw {]khn¡pIbpw t]mänhfÀ¯pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶psh¶v A`nam\t¯msS ]dbp¶ kv{XoIfn¶v hfsc hncfamWv. a\pjysâ hnebnSnhmWnXn\p ImcWw. a\pjy³ Cu hn[w Xotc hne Ipdª hkvXphmbn amdnbXn\m Ahs\ KÀ`w Npa¡p¶Xpw {]khn¡p¶Xpw tlm«ense dnk]vj\nÌnsâ tPmentb¡mÄ XcwXmWXmbn kv{XoIÄ¡v tXm¶n. AXn\m ]eÀ¡pan¶v KÀ`w Npa¡m\pw {]khn¡m\pw aSnbmWv. AYhm Ht¶m ctWvSm Ipªn\v P·w \ÂInbm Xs¶ thWvS coXnbn hfÀ¯m\hÀ Hcp¡aÃ. AhcpsS kwc£Ww Bbamsc GÂ]n¡p¶p. AhÀ Ipªp§sf kwc£n¡p¶Xv

amkwtXmdpw e`n¡p¶ thX\w {]Xo£n¨mWv. AenPm Aen Cʯv s_tKmhn¨v ]dªt]mse amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v a¡Ä hyànXzapÅ AkvXnXzamWv; BbamÀ¡v km[\§fn Hcp km[\hpw. AXn\m BbamÀ Ahsc Ifn¸n¡p¶Xv b{´§fpsS N{I§Ä Xncn¡p¶Xpt]msebpw Ipfn¸n¡p¶Xv b{´§Ä tX¨pan\p¡p¶Xpt]msebpw XoÀ¯pw \nÀhnImcambncn¡pw. amXrXzw AhKWn¡s¸«Xnsâ A\nhmcyamb Zpc´w temIsa§pan¶v {]ISamWv. tkmhnbäv `cWm[nImcnbmbncp¶ anJmtb tKmÀ_t¨hv Xsâ hnizhnJymXamb s]cnkvt{Xmbn¡bn FgpXp¶p: ""R§fpsS hnjaIchpw hotcmNnXhpamb Ncn{X¯nsâ hÀj§fn A½sb¶ \nebnepw Krl\mbnIsb¶ \nebnepw kz´w Ip«nIsf hnZym`ymkw sN¿n¡pIsb¶ Hgn¨pIqSm\mhm¯ tPmenbpw kv{XoIÄ¡pÅ Øm\¯p\n¶v DbÀ¶phcp¶ kv{XoIfpsS {]tXyImhImi§Ä¡pw Bhiy§Ä¡pw ]cnKW\ \ÂIp¶Xn R§Ä ]cmPbs¸«p. imkv{Xob KthjW§fnteÀs¸SpIbpw \nÀamW Øe§fnepw DÂ]mZ\§fnepw tkh\XpdIfnepw ]WnsbSp¡pIbpw kÀKmßI {]hÀ¯\§fn ]s¦Sp¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xn\m kv{XoIÄ¡v ho«n AhcpsS ssZ\wZn\ ISaIÄ \nÀhln¡p¶Xn\v þho«p tPmen, Ip«nIsf hfÀ¯Â, \à IpSpw_m´co£w krjvSn¡ÂþaXnbmb kabw In«msX hcp¶p. R§fpsS ]e {]iv\§Ä¡pw þIp«nIfpsSbpw bphP\§fpsSbpw s]cpamä§fpsS [mÀanI aqey§fnepw kwkvImc¯nepw DÂ]mZ\¯nepapÅ {]iv\§Ä¡v þ `mKnIamb ImcWw ZpÀ_eamIp¶ IpSpw__Ô§fpw IpSpw_]camb D¯chmZn¯§tfmSpÅ XWp¯ kao]\§fpamsW¶v R§Ä IsWvS¯nbncn¡p¶p. FÃm Imcy¯nepw kv{Xosb ]pcpj\p Xpeyam¡Wsa¶ R§fpsS BßmÀYhpw cmjv{Sobambn \oXoIcn¡¯¡Xpamb B{Kl¯nsâ ^eamWv Cu hntcm[m`mkw. Ct¸mÄ s]cnkvt{Xmbn¡bpsS {]{Inbbn Cu Ipdhv R§Ä XcWw sN¿m³ XpS§nbncn¡p¶p. kv{XoIÄ¡v kv{XoIsf¶ \nebv¡pÅ AhcpsS X\nbmb ZuXy¯nte¡v aS§m³ km[yam¡p¶Xn\v F´p sN¿Wsa¶ {]iv\s¯¸än, ]{X§fnepw s]mXp kwLS\Ifnepw sXmgn Øe¯pw ho«nepw Ct¸mÄ NqSp]nSn¨ hmZ{]XnhmZ§Ä \S¡p¶Xv AXn\memWv''. kv{XobpsS imcocnI khntijXIÄ ]cnKWn¡pItbm amXrXz¯nsâ alXzw AwKoIcn¡pItbm sN¿m¯ {]IrXnhncp²amb GXp hyhØnXnbnepw a\pjysâ hnebnSnbpIbpw a\Ênsâ kzmØyw \jvSs¸SpIbpw IpSpw_LS\ inYneamhpIbpw kaql¯nÂ\n¶v kam[m\w hnS]dbpIbpw hyànIÄ BÄ¡q«¯nepw Häs¸«v GIm´XbpsS sImSnb hyY¡v hnt[bcmhpIbpw sN¿pI A\nhmcyamWv. {]IrXn]camb {]tXyIXIÄ ]qÀWambpw ]cnKWn¡p¶ CkvemanI hyhØ C¯cw \yq\XIfnÂ\n¶v XoÀ¯pw apàhpw {]XnkÔnIÄ¡nShcp¯m¯Xpas{X

]ÀZ apX km£yw hsc ""]ÀZ \nÀ_Ôam¡pI hgn Ckvemw kv{XoIsf ]oUn¸n¡pIbtà sN¿p¶Xv? apkvenw kv{XoIfpsS ]n¶m¡mhØ¡v {][m\ ImcWw ]ÀZbtÃ?'' kv{Xo apJhpw ap³ssIbpsamgn¨pÅ icoc`mK§Ä adbv¡Wsa¶XmWv CkvemanI imk\. CXv ]ptcmKXn¡v XSÊasöp am{XaÃ; klmbIhpamWv. kv{Xo¡v ]ÀZ ]oU\aÃ; kpc£bmWv \ÂIp¶Xv. C¶v temI¯nsâ ]e `mK¯pw ]ÀZbWnª kv{XoIÄ imkv{XÚIfmbpw ssham\nIcmbpw kmlnXyImcnIfmbpw ]{X{]hÀ¯IIfmbpw ]mÀesaâwK§fmbpw {]ikvX tkh\w \nÀhln¨phcp¶p. Cdm\nse A©p sshkv {]knUâpamcnsemcmfmb aAvkqam C_vXnImÀ ]ÀZm[mcnWnbmWv. Atacn¡bn D]cn]T\w \nÀhln¨ aAvkqam sXlvdm³ bq\nthgvknänbnse Atkmkntbäv {]^kdpw {]ikvX ]{X{]hÀ¯IbpamWv. Adnbs¸Sp¶ kmaqlnI {]hÀ¯Ibmb AhÀ \nch[n A´ÀtZiob kt½f\§fn kw_Ôn¨n«pWvSv. Cdm\nse {]apJ h\nXm {]kn²oIcWamb "alvPq_mln'sâ ]{Xm[n]bpw

sXlvdm³ kÀhIemimem {]^kdpamb Spdm³ PwioZvbm³, \mj\ Hfnw]nIv sshkv {]knUâpw ]mÀesaâv D]m[y£bpambncp¶ ^kolv lmivan, h\nXm t£ahIp¸nsâ D]tZiIbmbncp¶ ilvem l_o_n, atejy³ cmjv{Sob¯n \ndªp\n¡p¶ hm³ Akok t]mepÅ hnJymXcmb h\nXIsfÃmw ]ÀZm[mcnWnIfmWv. B[p\nI temI¯v cWm¦W¯n [ocambn s]mcpXnb hoch\nXIÄ Cdm\nsebpw A^vKm\nkvXm\nsebpw ]ÀZm[mcnWnIfmsW¶ hkvXpX hnkvacn¡mhXÃ. thmfnt_mÄ, _mkvIäv t_mÄ, jq«nwKv, ssk¢nwKv, sS¶okv, Pnw\mÌnIv, IpXnctbm«w, PqtUm, Icms«, sNÊv XpS§nb hnt\mZ§fnepw ImbnIm`ymk§fnepw anIhv {]ISn¸n¡p¶ Cdm\nb³ h\nXIfpsS ]ptcmKXnbpsS ]mXbn ]ÀZ Hcphn[ hnLmXhpw krjvSn¡p¶nÃ. ]ÀZ¡v kam\amb hkv{XaWnªXv aZÀ sXtckbpsS tkh\hr¯nIÄs¡m«pw hnLmXw krjvSn¨nÃ. hnhn[ taJeIfn tkh\a\pjvTn¡p¶ I\ymkv{XoIfpsS thjw Ckvemanse ]ÀZ¡p kam\amWtÃm. icoc`mKw adbv¡p¶Xv tKmfm´cbm{Xt¡m ]co£Wþ\nco£W§Ät¡m H«pw XSÊw krjvSn¡nsöv Nm{µbm{XnIcpsS A\p`hw sXfnbn¡p¶p. ]mâvkpw jÀ«pw ssSbpw HmhÀtIm«pw tkmIvkpw jqhpw tI¸paWnbp¶ ]mÝmXycmPy§fnse ]pcpj·mÀ Ckvemw kv{XoItfmSv adbv¡m\mhiys¸« icoc`mK§fntesdbpw adbv¡p¶hcmWv. kv{XoIÄ adn¨msW¦nepw. kv{Xosb¶m AhfpsS icochpw cq]emhWyhpamsW¶pw AhfpsS hyànXzw AXnsâ tamSn ]nSn¸n¡en\\pkrXamsW¶papÅ [mcW krjvSn¡p¶Xn ]p¯³ apXemfn¯ km{amPyXzhpw AXnsâ krjvSnbmb It¼mf kwkvImchpw h³hnPbw hcn¨XmWv, ]ÀZ ]ptcmKXn¡pw ]cnjvImc¯n\pw XSÊamsW¶ [mcW hfcm³ ImcWw. amwkfamb icoc`mK§Ä {]ZÀin¸n¨v ]«W§fnepw s]mXpØe§fnepw Npän¡d§emWv ]ptcmKXnsb¶v {]Ncn¸n¡p¶ kv{XoIÄ, ]pcpj·mÀ X§fpsS icockuµcyw IWvSmkzZn¡p¶Xn \nÀhrXnbSbp¶ HcpXcw at\msshIrX¯n\Sns¸«hcs{X. kaql¯nse kv{XoIfpsSsbms¡ kuµcyw IWvSmkzZn¡m³ ImamXpcamb I®pIfpambn Im¯ncn¡p¶hcnÂ\n¶v kz´w icocw ad¨phbv¡emWv am\yX. kv{XobpsS kpc£nXXz¯n\v Gsd klmbIhpw AXs{X. ]ÀZbWnbm³ Ckvemw Bhiys¸Sm\pÅ ImcWhpw AXpXs¶. AtXmsSm¸w AXv ]ptcmKXnsb H«pw {]XnIqeambn _m[n¡p¶panÃ. Cdm³ kµÀin¨tijw Fw.]n. hotc{µIpamÀ FgpXnb hcnIÄ {it²bas{X: ""Cdm\nb³ kv{XoIÄ ]ÀZ [cn¡p¶p. apJw aqSmdnÃ. Xe aqSpw. GXv ]nIv\nIv kvt]m«n sN¶mepw \qdpIW¡n\v kv{XoIsf ImWmw. Cdm\nb³ hmÀ¯m GP³knbmb "CÀ\'bpsS tI{µI½nän Hm^okn sN¶t¸mÄ AhnsS {]hÀ¯n¨ncp¶hcn `qcn`mKhpw kv{XoIfmbncp¶p. kv{XoIÄ sXlvdm\neqsS ImtdmSn¡p¶p. Hcp Ipg¸hpanÃ. ]t£ H¶pWvSv. \yqtbmÀ¡nsems¡ t]mbm ImWp¶Xpt]mse kv{XoIsf skIvkv knw_em¡n amäm³ Cdm\nIÄ A\phZn¡pIbnÃ.''(t_m[\w hmcnI, 1993 \hw_À 6). {ioaXn IÂ]\m iÀabpsS tNmZyw {]kàas{X: ""hnZyb`ykn¡m\pw ]pd¯nd§n tPmen sN¿phm\pw Zm¼Xy _Ôw s]mdp¸n¨pIqSmsX hcpt¼mÄ hnhmltamN\amhiys¸«v tImSXnbn t]mhm\pw AhImiapÅ Cdm\nse kv{XoIÄs¡Xnsc hn[n]dbm³ \mw iàcmtWm? ]ÀZbWnbp¶ Cdm\nse ktlmZcnamtc¡mÄ F´p al¯zamWv \½psS \m«nse kv{XoIÄ¡pÅXv?''( Kalpana Sharma Behind The Veil The Hindu 20 7'97).

""kv{XoIÄ¡v ]ÀZ \nÀ_Ôam¡pIbpw ]pcpj·msc AXnÂ\ns¶mgnhm¡pIbpw sNbvXXv XnIª hnthN\atÃ?'' Cu hnthN\w {]IrXn]camWv. kv{XoIfpsSbpw ]pcpj·mcpsSbpw icoc{]IrXn Hcpt]msebÃtÃm. GsXmcp Icp¯\mb ]pcpj\pw kv{Xosb AhfpsS A\phmZanÃmsX Xs¶ _emÕwKw sN¿m³ km[n¡pw. F¶m kv{Xo F{X Icp¯bmbmepw ]pcpjsâ A\paXnbnÃmsX Abmsf ssewKnIambn Iogvs¸Sp¯m\mhnÃ. Cu A´c¯nsâ A\nhmcyamb XmÂ]cyamWv hkv{X¯nse hyXymkw. AXn\memWtÃm C´ybpÄs¸sS temIsa§pw kv{XobpsS kwc£W¯n\v {]tXyI \nbaw A\nhmcyambXv. kv{Xo]oU\¯n\v ITn\in£ \nbaw aqew \nÝbn¨ \mSpIfnsem¶pw ]pcpj ]oU\¯ns\Xnsc CÆn[w \nba\nÀamWw \S¯nbn«nÃtÃm. imcocnI hyXymk§fm IqSpX kpc£nXXzhpw ap³IcpXepw BhiyapÅXv kv{XoIÄ¡msW¶v CXv kpXcmw hyàam¡p¶p. AhÄ Xsâ icockuµcyw ]c]pcpj·mcpsS ap¼n {]ISn¸n¡cpsX¶v Ckvemw Bhiys¸Sm\pÅ ImcWhpw AXs{X. AXn\m ]ÀZ kv{XoIÄ¡v kpc£bpw kuIcyhpamWv. AkuIcytam ]oU\tam AÃ.

kv{XobpsS A\phmZanÃmsX AhfpsS hnhmlw ""kv{XobpsS A\phmZtam k½Xtam CÃmsX Ahsf IeymWw Ign¨psImSp¡m³ c£nXm¡Ä¡v Ckvemw A\phmZw \ÂIp¶psWvS¶v ]dbp¶Xv icnbmtWm?'' AÃ. kv{XobpsS A\phmZtam k½Xtam CÃmsX Ahsf hnhmlw sNbvXpsImSp¡m³ Ckvemw A\phZn¡p¶nÃ. AYhm, A§s\ sNbvXm AXv kzoIcn¡ms\¶ t]mse \nckn¡m\pw kv{Xo¡v AhImiapWvSv. {]hmNI³ (k) ]dbp¶p: ""I\yIbÃm¯ kv{Xosb kw_Ônt¨St¯mfw AhÄ¡pXs¶bmWv c£nXmhnt\¡mÄ kz´w Imcyw Xocpam\n¡m\pÅ AhImiw. I\yIsb IeymWw Ign¨p sImSp¡m³ AhfpsS A\phmZw BcmtbWvSXmWv. AhfpsS au\w A\phmZambn KWn¡pw''(apkvenw, XnÀanZn, A_qZmhqZv, \kmCu, C_v\pamP). Hcn¡Â Hcp s]¬Ip«n {]hmNI k¶n[nbn h¶v, ]nXmhv Xsâ k½Xw IqSmsX Hcmsf hnhmlw Ign¡m³ Xs¶ \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶Xmbn ]cmXns¸«p. At¸mÄ AhÄ¡v kz´w CjvS{]Imcw {]hÀ¯n¡m³ {]hmNI³ A\paXn \ÂIn. Hcp bphXn \_nbpsS k¶n[nbn h¶p ]dªp: "Fsâ ]nXmhv kz´w ktlmZc]p{Xs\s¡mWvSv, F¶neqsS At±l¯nsâ t]mcmbva ]cnlcn¡m\mbn, Fs¶ IeymWw Ign¨psImSp¯ncn¡p¶p.' A§s\ \_n Imcyw Xocpam\n¡m\pÅ AhImiw AhÄ¡v \ÂIn. At¸mÄ AhÄ ]dªp: ]nXmhnsâ {]hr¯n Rm³ AwKoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p. C¡mcy¯n ]nXm¡·mÀ¡v Hcp A[nImchpansöv kv{XoIsf ]Tn¸n¨psImSp¡emWv Fsâ Dt±iyw. hnhml¡mcy¯n Xocpam\saSp¡m\pÅ A[nImchpw AhImihpw kv{XoIÄ¡msW¶v CsXms¡bpw AkµnKv[ambn sXfnbn¡p¶p.

kv{XobpsS km£yw ""km£y¯n\v HcmWn\p ]Icw cWvSv kv{Xo thWsa¶mWtÃm CkvemanI \nbaw. CXv kv{XotbmSpÅ A\oXnbpw hnthN\hpw ]pcpjta[mhnXz]camb kao]\hpatÃ?'' Hcp ]pcpj\p ]Icw cWvSv kv{Xosb¶Xv km£y¯n\pÅ Ckvemansâ s]mXp \nbaaÃ; km¼¯nI CS]mSpIfn am{Xw _m[Iamb ImcyamWv. kv{XoIÄ km[mcW KXnbn km¼¯nI CS]mSpIÄ \S¯p¶hcpw sImÅs¡mSp¡Ifn GÀs¸Sp¶hcpaÃm¯Xn\m ]WanS]mSpIfpsS km£y¯n A_²w kw`hn¡mXncn¡m\pw kq£vaX ]men¡m\pambn \nÝbn¡s¸« \n_Ô\ am{XamWnXv. kv{Xos¡Xnsc kZmNmc ewL\w Btcm]n¡s¸«m kzoIcnt¡WvS kzbw km£y¯nsâbpw kXyw sN¿ensâbpw Imcy¯n kv{Xoþ]pcpj hyXymksam«pansöv JpÀB³ Xs¶ kwib¯n\nSanÃm¯ hn[w hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv (A[ymbw 24, hmIyw 6þ9). CXc km£y§fpsS ØnXnbpw CXpXs¶. hnhmltamN\s¯¡pdn¨v JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""C\n AhcpsS Zo£mh[n kam]n¨mtem, H¶pIn Ahsc am\yambn IqsS \nÀ¯pItbm Asæn am\yamb \nebn thÀ]ncnbpItbm sN¿pI. \n§fn \oXnam·mcmb cWvSmfpIsf km£nIfm¡pIbpw sN¿pI. AhÀ AÃmlphn\pthWvSn \oXn]qÀhw km£yw hln¡s«.''(65: 2). Hky¯ns\ kw_Ôn¨v JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: ""hnizkn¨htc, \n§fnsemcph¶v acWamk¶amhpIbpw AbmÄ Hky¯v sN¿pIbpamsW¦n AXn\pÅ km£y¯nsâ am\w C{]Imcas{X. \n§fnÂ\n¶pÅ cWvSp \oXnam·mÀ km£yw hln¡Ww. Asæn \n§Ä bm{XmhØbnembncn¡pIbpw AhnsS acWhn]¯v A`napJoIcn¡pIbpamsW¦n At¸mÄ aäp P\¯nÂ\n¶p cWvSmfpIsf km£nIfm¡Ww.''(5: 106) BÀ¯hw, {]khw, XpS§n ]pcpj·mÀ¡v km£nIfmIm³ {]bmkapÅ Imcy§fn kv{XoIfpsS am{Xw km£yamWv kzoImcyamhpIsb¶Xn CkvemanI ]ÞnX·mÀ GIm`n{]mb¡mcmWv. Ckveman km¼¯nIhpw kmaqlnIhpw cmjv{Sobhpw `cW]chpamb FÃm \nba§fpsSbpw ASnØm\ {]amW§fnsem¶v {]hmNI NcybmWv. Cu {]hmNI NcybpsS \nthZ\¯nsâ kzoImcyXbn ]pcpjtâXp t]mse¯s¶ kv{XobptSXpw {]mamWnIhpw {]_ehpat{X. enwKt`Z¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nenhnsS Hcphn[ hnthN\hpanÃ. AXpsImWvSp Xs¶ {]_eamb lZokv {KÙ§fn ]pcpj³amsc¶ t]mse kv{XoIÄ \nthZ\w sNbvXhbpw [mcmfambn ImWmhp¶XmWv. FÃm km£y§fpsSbpw km£yamb ASnØm\ {]amW¯nsâ Imcy¯n ]pcpjsâ ]Zhn Xs¶ kv{Xo¡pw IÂ]n¨ Ckvemw CS]mSpIfpsS Imcy¯n hyXykvXamb \ne]mSv kzoIcn¨Xv hnthN\]ctam AhKW\tbm A\oXntbm Asöpw adn¨v, A_²w kw`hn¡mXncn¡m\pÅ kq£vaX am{XamsW¶pw hyàat{X. Camw A_ql\o^, Xz_cn t]mepÅ ]ÞnX³amÀ kv{XoIÄ¡v \ymbm[n]Øm\w hsc hln¡msa¶v A`n{]mbs¸«n«pWvSv. \nba¯nsâbpw \oXnbpsSbpw Imcy¯n hnthN\apsWvS¦n \nba\S¯n¸nsâ ]ctam¶X ]Zhnbmb \ymbm[n]Øm\w kv{Xo¡v Bhmsa¶v {]mamWnI ]ÞnX·mÀ ]dbpIbnÃtÃm.

s]mXpPohnX¯nse kv{Xo ]¦mfn¯w ""kv{XoIsf s]mXpPohnX¯nÂ\n¶v amän\nÀ¯pIbpw ASp¡fbn Xf¨nSpIbpatà Ckvemw sN¿p¶Xv?'' {]IrXn]camb {]tXyIXIÄ ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ kv{XobpsS {][m\ {]hÀ¯\cwKw hoSpXs¶bmWv. alnXamb IrXyw amXrXzhpw. F¶m kv{Xo s]mXpPohnX¯n CSs]Sp¶Xns\tbm kPoh]¦mfn¯w hln¡p¶Xns\tbm Ckvemw hne¡p¶nÃ. F¶Ã; AX\phZn¡pIbpw A\nhmcykµÀ`§fn t{]mÕmln¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. A[yb\¯nepw A[ym]\¯nepw {]hmNIsâ ImewsXm«pXs¶ kv{XoIfpw ]pcpj·msct¸mse kPohambn ]s¦Sp¯pt]m¶n«pWvSv. {]hmNIk¶n[nbn h¶v Imcy§Ä ]Tn¨p a\Ênem¡p¶Xnepw AXv aäpÅhsc ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xnepw Ahscm«pw ]n¶nembncp¶nÃ. {]hmNINcybpsS \nthZIcn {]apJcmb h\nXIÄ DWvSmhm\pÅ ImcWhpw AXs{X. {]hmNI]Xv\n BCibpsS ]mÞnXyw kphnZnXamWv. Camw kplvcn ]dbp¶p: ""BCi P\§fn Gähpw AdnhpÅ hyànbmbncp¶p. {]hmNIsâ A\pNc·mcn {]apJÀ t]mepw AhtcmSv tNmZn¨v ]Tn¡mdpWvSmbncp¶p''. kpss_dnsâ aI³ DÀh tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p: ""JpÀB³, A\´cmhImi \nba§Ä, hnÚm\w, IhnX, IÀaimkv{Xw, A\phZ\obw, \njn²w, sshZyw, Ad_nIfpsS ]pcmX\ hr¯m´§Ä, tKm{XNcn{Xw F¶nhbn BCitb¡mÄ AdnhpÅ Bscbpw Rm³ IWvSn«nÃ''. e_oZnsâ aI³ alvaqZv ]dbp¶p: ""{]hmNI]Xv\namscÃmw lZokpIÄ a\x]mTam¡nbncp¶p. F¶m BCitbmSpw D½pkÂatbmSpsam¸sa¯nbncp¶nà aäpÅhÀ.'' {]hmNI]Xv\namcn BCi am{Xw 2210 lZokpIÄ \nthZ\w sNbvXn«pWvSv. D½pkÂabpw \nch[n lZokpIÄ \nthZ\w sN¿pIbpWvSmbn. kv{XoIÄ am{XaÃ, [mcmfw ]pcpj·mcpw AhcnÂ\n¶v Adnhv t\Snbncp¶p. sshÚm\nIcwKs¯¶t]mse CkvemanI{]t_m[\ {]hÀ¯\§fnepw kv{XoIÄ kPoh ]¦phln¨p. AXn\m ]pcpj·msct¸mse¯s¶ Ahcpw sImSnb ]oU\§Ä¡ncbmbn. Ckvemanse BZys¯ càkm£nt]mepw kpa¿ F¶ kv{XobmWv. P·\m«n PohnXw ZpÊlambn ]emb\w A\nhmcyambt¸mÄ kv{XoIfpaXn ]¦mfnIfmbn. {]hmNIsâtbm k¨cnXcmb Jeo^amcpsStbm Ime¯v s]mXpPohnX¯nÂ\n¶v kv{XoIÄ amän\nÀ¯s¸«ncp¶nÃ. bp²cwK¯pt]mepw kv{XoIfpsS kPoh km¶n[yapWvSmbncp¶p. DlvZv bp²¯n `S·mÀ¡v shÅsa¯n¡m\pw apdnthähsc ip{iqjn¡m\pw t\XrXzw \ÂInbXv {]hmNI]Xv\n BCibmbncp¶p. D½p kpsseapw D½p keo¯pw Cu kmlk¯n ]¦ptNcpIbpWvSmbn. ssJ_À bp²¯n ]s¦Sp¯ ]«mf¡mÀ¡v Blmcsamcp¡ns¡mSp¡pIbpw apdnthähsc ip{iqjn¡pIbpw sNbvX h\nXIÄ¡v {]hmNI³ kacmÀPnX k¼¯nÂ\n¶v hnlnXw \ÂIpIbpWvSmbn. DlvZv bp²¯n apdnthähscbpw càkm£nIsfbpw aZo\bntes¡¯n¡p¶ NpaXe \nÀhln¨Xv apAÆnZnsâ ]p{Xn dp_¿Dw kl{]hÀ¯Icpambncp¶p. D½p AXn¿ Ggp bp²§fn kw_Ôn¡pIbpWvSmbn. A\kp_v\p amen¡nsâ amXmhv D½p kpsseapw \nch[n bp²§fn {]hmNIs\ A\pKan¡pIbpWvSmbn. J³ZJv bp²¯n kv{XoIsfbpw Ip«nIsfbpw A{Ian¡ms\¯nb i{Xpsh IqÀ¯ Is¼Sp¯v Ip¯ns¡m¶Xv kz^n¿bmWv. DlvZv bp²¯n {]hmNIsâ ]cnc£bv¡mbn s]mcpXnb {]apJcnsemcmÄ D½p A½mdbmWv. AhcpsS icoc¯n \nch[n apdnhpItf¡pIbpWvSmbn. H¶mw Jeo^ A_q_IvÀ kn±oJnsâ Ime¯p \S¶ bama bp²¯n ]s¦Sp¯ AhcpsS icoc¯n ]{´WvSp

apdnhpIfpWvSmbncp¶p. Cuhn[w cWm¦W¯n [ocambn s]mcpXnb \nch[n h\nXIsf CkvemanINcn{Xw ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶pWvSv. B[p\nItemI¯pw apkvenw kv{XoIÄ kaccwK¯v kPohambn ]s¦Sp¯Xn\v \nch[n DZmlcW§fpWvSv. dnZm jm ]lvehnbpsS GIm[n]Xy aÀZI `cW¯ns\Xnsc Jpssa\n \bn¨ t]mcm«¯nepw djy³ A[n\nthi¯ns\Xnsc A^vKm³ P\X \S¯nb sNdp¯p\nÂ]nepw kv{XoIÄ [otcmÖzeamb tkh\§fÀ¸n¡pIbpWvSmbn. CkvemanI kac\ncbnse kv{Xokm¶n[yw ]mÝmXy am[ya§Ät]mepw FSp¯pImWn¡m³ \nÀ_ÔnXamIpwhn[w AhKWn¡m\mhm¯XmWv. kv{Xo hoSn\v ]pd¯pt]mbn sXmgnenteÀs¸Sp¶Xns\tbm tkh\hr¯nIfn hym]rXamhp¶Xns\tbm s]mXp {]hÀ¯\§fn ]¦mfnbmhp¶Xns\tbm Ckvemw Hcp \nebv¡pw hne¡p¶nsöv CXpw CXpt]mepÅhbpamb kw`h§Ä AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p. cWvSmw Jeo^ Dadp ^mdqJnsâ `cWIme¯v ISIt¼mf§fpsS taÂt\m«¯nsâ D¯chmZnXzw GÂ]n¨ncp¶Xv in^m _n³Xp A_vZnÃm F¶ kv{Xosbbmbncp¶psh¶Xv {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyas{X. \½psS Imes¯ D]t`màrkwc£W hIp¸nsâ UbdIvSÀ ]Zhn¡p kam\amb Øm\amWXv. kaImeo\ kaql¯nepw apkvenw kv{XoIÄ CkvemanI {]hÀ¯\§fnse¶t]mse kmaqlnI tkh\cwK¯pw s]mXpPohnX¯nepw kPohambn ]¦phln¨phcp¶pWvSv. imkv{Xþ kmt¦XnIþhnZym`ymk taJeIfnseÃmw Cdm\nb³ kv{XoIÄ kvXpXyÀlamb tkh\amWv \nÀhln¨psImWvSncn¡p¶Xv. AhnSs¯ bq\nthgvknänIfnse {]^kÀamcnepw aäp Poh\¡mcnepw \mÂ]Xp iXam\t¯mfw kv{XoIfmWv. \gvkdn kvIqÄ sXm«v sslkvIqfnse Ahkm\hÀjw hsc A[ym]\hr¯n ]qÀWambpw \nÀhln¡p¶Xv kv{XoIfmWv. Cdm\nse \sÃmcp hn`mKw kv{XoIÄ kz´ambn I¨hSØm]\§Ä \S¯p¶hcmWv. kzImcyØm]\§fnepw kÀ¡mÀ Hm^okpIfnepw D¶X tPmenbnteÀs¸«hcpw \nch[nbmWv. [mcmfw h\nXm AUzt¡äpamcpw tUmIvSÀamcpw F©n\obÀamcpw AhnsS tPmen sN¿p¶pWvSv. hnZym`ymk BtcmKyhIp¸pIfnembn ]Xns\m¶v e£¯ntesd kv{XoIÄ tkh\a\pjvTn¨p hcp¶p. am[yacwK¯pw Cdm\n kv{XoIÄ¡v sa¨s¸« {]mXn\n[yapWvSv. sSenhnj³ taJebn ap¸¯©p iXam\w kv{XoIfmWv. CuPn]vXv, kpUm³ XpS§n CXc apkvenw \mSpIfnepw CkvemanI acymZIÄ ]qÀWambpw ]men¨psImWvSp Xs¶ e£¡W¡n\v kv{XoIÄ s]mXpcwK¯v {]hÀ¯n¨phcp¶p. aX]ÞnX·mtcm CkvemanI {]Øm\§tfm CXns\ FXnÀ¡mdnsöXpw {it²bas{X. Cu hn[w s]mXp PohnX¯n kPohambn ]¦phln¡m³ A\phZn¡pt¼mgpw kv{XobpsS {]Yahpw {][m\hpamb NpaXe Krl`cWhpw Ip«nIfpsS kwc£WhpamsW¶ Imcyw Ckvemw Du¶n¸dbp¶p. AXhKWn¡p¶Xv AXy´w A]ISIchpw Zqchym]Iamb hn]¯pIÄ¡v \nan¯hpamsW¶v DWÀ¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

kv{Xo¡v `cWþcmjv{Sob ]¦mfn¯w ]mSntÃ? ""kv{XoIÄ `cWþcmjv{Sob cwK§fn ]¦phln¡p¶Xns\ Ckvemw hne¡p¶ptWvSm? apkvenw kv{XoIÄ `cWm[nImcnIfmIm³ ]mSnsöv ]dªptIÄ¡p¶Xv icnbmtWm?'' Cu tNmZy¯n\v Ccp]Xmw \qämWvSv IWvS {]apJ ]ÞnX·mcnsemcmfmb ssiJv apl½Zp KÊmen \ÂInb hniZoIcWw ChnsS D²cn¡p¶Xv DNnXambncn¡psa¶v IcpXp¶p. At±lw FgpXp¶p: ""aZo\m amÀ¡änsâ \nb{´Whpw hn[n¯oÀ¸pw in^mCs\bmWv Dadp ^mdqJv GÂ]n¨ncp¶Xv. AhchnsS \nbaewL\§Ä XSbpIbpw \oXn \S¸m¡pIbpw hn[n {]kvXmhn¡pIbpw sNbvXXv B¬þs]¬t`Zat\y FÃmhÀ¡panSbnembncp¶p.

GsX¦nepw hn[¯nepÅ \nb{´W§Ä Jeo^ AhcpsS ta GÀs¸Sp¯nbncp¶nÃ. kv{XoIsf cmjv{St\XrXztam `cWm[nImctam GÂ]n¨psImSp¡m³ tamln¨p \S¡p¶ Iq«¯nsem¶paà Rm³. Hcp Imcyta \mw B{Kln¡p¶pÅq. kaql¯nse Gähpw A\ptbmPy\mb BÄ cmPy¯nsâbpw cmPy`cW¯nsâbpw t\XrXz¯n hcWw. "kv{Xosb A[nImctaÂ]n¨ P\X ]cmPbs¸«ncn¡p¶p' F¶ {]hmNIhN\apWvStÃm. At¸mÄ GsX¦nepw hn[¯nepÅ A[nImcw kv{Xosb GÂ]n¡p¶Xv ]cmPbImcWamhntÃsb¶v tNmZnt¨¡mw. ChnsS Cu {]hmNIhN\s¯ kw_Ôn¨v AÂ]w Bg¯n BtemNn¡m³ \mam{Kln¡p¶p. {]hmNIhN\w kzoImcyw Xs¶. F¶m AXnsâ Bibw F´mbncn¡pw? CkvemanI apt¶ä¯n\p ap¼n t]Àjy³ km{amPyw \news]m¯ns¡mWvSncp¶t¸mÄ AhnsS `cWw \S¯nbncp¶Xv A`ni]vXamb cmPhmgvNbpw GIm[n]Xyhpambncp¶p. hn{Klmcm[\bne[njvTnXamb aXw, IqSnbmtemN\ ANn´yamb cmPIpSpw_w, acWw hn[n¡s¸« A`n{]mb hnaÀi\kzmX{´yw, X½neSn¡p¶ cmPIpSpw_§Ä, aI³ ]nXmhns\bpw ktlmZc³ ktlmZcs\bpw hIhcp¯p¶ A[nImcs¡mXn, kÀthm]cn FÃmw kln¨v AS§nsbmXp§n Ignbp¶ {]XnIcWtijn Adnbm¯ P\X! apkvenw apt¶ä¯n\p ap¼n t]Àjy³ ssk\yw ]nSn¨p\n¡m\mhmsX ]n´ncnbpIbpw cmPymXnÀ¯n Npcp§n¨pcp§n hcnIbpambncp¶p. At¸mgpahÀ¡v {]m]vX\mb Hcmsf cmPy`cWw GÂ]n¡m\mbnÃ. cmP`cW¯nsâ `mKambn AhnthInbmb Hcp kv{Xosb A[nImc¯n hmgn¡pIbmbncp¶p. CXv B cmPy¯nsâbpw km{amPy¯nsâbpw F¶t¶¡pambpÅ Xntcm[m\w hnfn¨dnbn¡p¶Xmbncp¶p. ZoÀLho£I\pw kq£vaÚm\nbpamb {]hmNI³ CtX ¸änbpÅ Xsâ hnebncp¯Â kXykÔambn tcJs¸Sp¯pIbmbncp¶p. "kv{Xosb A[nImctaÂ]n¨ P\X ]cmPbaSªXpXs¶.' t\sc adn¨v B Ahkcw t]Àjy³`cWw IqSnbmtemN\bne[njvTnXhpw `cWm[nImcnbmb h\nX tKmÄUmaodns\t¸msemcmfmhpIbpw ssk\nI Xocpam\§Ä D¯chmZs¸«hcpsS Ic§fn Bbncn¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶psh¦n {]hmNIsâ hnebncp¯Â asämcp hn[¯nembncpt¶s\.'' D]cypà {]hmNIhN\s¯ kw_Ôn¨v tUm. Pam _Zhn FgpXp¶p: ""Cu \_nhN\w kv{XoIsf `cWt\XrXz¯nÂ\n¶pw amän\nÀ¯m\pÅ sXfnhmbn hymJym\n¡s¸«phcp¶psWvS¦nepw ]e ]WvUnX³amcpw CXnt\mSv tbmPn¡p¶nÃ. \_nbpsS Imes¯ t]Àjy³ `cWm[nImcnIÄ {]hmNIt\mSpw At±lw AhcpsS ASpt¯¡b¨ ZqXt\mSpw sImSnb i{XpX ImWn¨hcmbncp¶p. AXn\m t]Àjy¡mÀ Jp{kphnsâ ]p{Xnsb X§fpsS `cWm[nImcnbmbn AwKoIcn¨ hmÀ¯tbmSpÅ {]XnIcWs¯, cmjv{S¯nsâ `cWt\XrXzhpambn _Ôs¸« enwK{]iv\¯nsâ hniZoIcWambÃ, B aÀZIkm{amPy¯nsâ Bk¶]X\s¯ kw_Ôn¨ {]hN\sa¶ \nebnemWv ImtWWvSXv. \_nbpsS {]hN\w ]n¶oSv ]pecpIbpw sNbvXp... AXn\m Cu \_nhN\w kv{XoIsf cmjv{S¯nsâ `cWt\XrXz¯nÂ\n¶pw Hgn¨p\nÀ¯ntb ]äq F¶pÅXn\v sXfnhmIp¶nÃ.'' AXn\m kv{Xosb `cWt\XrXz¯nÂ\n¶v hne¡p¶ hyàhpw JWvUnXhpamb JpÀB³ hmIytam {]hmNI hN\tam CÃ. F¦nepw hfsc A\nhmcy kmlNcyansæn AsXmgnhm¡p¶XmWp¯aw. tUm. Pam _Zhn FgpXp¶p: ""Ckvemansâ cmjv{Sob hyhØ hniZoIcn¡p¶Xn {]kn²nbmÀPn¨ {]apJ \nba]WvUnX³ A_qbAvem cmjv{S¯ehsâ tbmKyXIfn "]pcpj\mbncn¡pI' Fs¶mcp hyhØ DÄs¸Sp¯nbn«nsöv AÂJmknan \nco£n¡p¶p. ChnsS ]t£, Hcp Imcyw {]tXyIw {i²nt¡WvSXpWvSv. Ckvemanse cmjv{S¯eh³ shdpsamcp NS§p Xeh\Ã. At±lw \akvImc¯n\p

t\XrXzw sImSp¡p¶p. Nnet¸mÄ \nc´cw bm{XsN¿p¶p. CXc cmjv{S¯eh³amcpambnþ AhÀ ]et¸mgpw ]pcpj³amcmbncn¡pwþ IqSnbmtemN\ \S¯p¶p; ]et¸mgpw clky kw`mjW§fpw. kv{XoIÄ¡v C¯cw _Ô§fpw _m[yXIfpw ZpÀhlambncn¡psa¶Xn kwibanÃ. am{XaÃ, kv{Xoþ]pcpj³amÀ¡nSbnse icnbmb ]ckv]c_Ô§sf kw_Ôn¨v CkvemanI amÀK \nÀtZi§tfmSv Ah s]mcp¯s¸SpIbnÃ.'' CXv cmjv{S¯nsâ ]ctam¶X ]Zhnsb kw_Ôn¨p am{Xw _m[IamIp¶ ImcyamWv. kv{Xo AXn\pXmsgbpÅ Øm\§Ä hln¡p¶Xns\tbm kPoh cmjv{Sob¯n CSs]Sp¶Xns\tbm Ckvemwhne¡p¶nÃ. Cdm³ CkvemanIv dn¸»n¡nse sshkv {]knUâpamcnsemcmfpw AhnSs¯ Fw.]n.amcn ]Xn\mep t]cpw h\nXIfmWv. CXc apkvenw \mSpIfpsS ØnXnbpw `n¶aÃ. F¦nepw kv{XoIfpsS {]Yahpw {][m\hpamb _m[yX hoSnsâ `cWhpw amXrXz]camb D¯chmZn¯§fpsS icnbmb \nÀhlWhpamsW¶ Imcyw hnkvacn¡mhXÃ. hcpwXeapdIsf bYmhn[n hmÀ¯pw hfÀ¯nbpsaSp¡pIsb¶Xns\ Ckvemw H«pw \nÊmcambn¡mWp¶nsöp am{XaÃ, AXn{][m\ IrXyambn ]cnKWn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. amXrXzw `qanbn Gähpw BZcWobhpw alnXhpamhm\pÅ ImcWhpw AXpXs¶.

_enIÀahpw PohImcpWyhpw ""ImcpWys¯¡pdn¨v Gsd ]dbp¶ Ckvemw arK§tfmSpw aäp PohnItfmSpw ImWn¡mdpÅXv {IqcXbtÃ? Ahsb Adp¡p¶Xv icnbmtWm?'' `qanbnse FÃmänt\mSpw ImcpWyw ImWn¡Wsa¶v Ckvemw Iev]n¡p¶p. {]hmNI³ ]dªp: ""`qanbnepÅhtcmSv IcpW ImWn¡pI. D]cntemI¯pÅh³ \n§tfmSpw IcpW ImWn¡pw.''(Xz_vdm\n) ""IcpWbnÃm¯h\v ImcpWyw In«pIbnÃ.''(_pJmcn, apkvenw) ""\nÀ`mKyhm\ÃmsX IcpWbnÃm¯h\mhtXbnÃ.''(A_qZmhqZv) `qanbnse PohnIsfsbÃmw Ckvemw a\pjysct¸mepÅ kapZmbambmWv ImWp¶Xv. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""`qanbnse GsXmcp P´phpw cWvSp NndIpIfm ]d¡p¶ GsXmcp ]£nbpw \n§sft¸mepÅ Nne kapZmb§Ä am{XamIp¶p.''(JpÀB³ 6: 38) a\pjyÀ [n¡mcnIfmIpt¼mgpw aghÀjn¡p¶Xv CXc PohnIsf ]cnKWn¨msW¶v {]hmNI³ ]Tn¸n¡p¶p. ""P\w kIm¯v \evImXncp¶m ag \ne¡pambncp¶p. P´p¡Ä ImcWambmWv F¶n«pw ag hÀjn¡p¶Xv.''(C_v\pamP) Poh\pÅ GXns\ klmbn¡p¶Xpw tkhn¡p¶Xpw ]pWyIÀaas{X. {]hmNI³ ]dbp¶p: ""]¨¡cfpÅ GsXmcp PohnbpsS Imcy¯nepw \n§Ä¡p ]pWyapWvSv.''(_pJmcn) \_nXncpta\n AcpÄ sN¿p¶p: ""HcmÄ Hcp hgnbneqsS \S¶pt]mIth Zmln¨pheªp. AbmÄ AhnsS Hcp InWÀ IWvSp. AXnend§n shÅw IpSn¨p. ]pd¯ph¶t¸mÄ Hcp \mb Zmlm[nIy¯m a®v I¸p¶Xp IWvSp. "Cu \mb¡v ITn\amb ZmlapWvSv; F\n¡pWvSmbncp¶t]mse!' F¶v BßKXw sNbvXv AbmÄ InWänend§n. jqhn shÅw \nd¨v hmbsImWvSv ISn¨p]nSn¨v Ic¡pIbdn \mbsb IpSn¸n¨p. CXnsâ t]cn AÃmlp AbmtfmSv \µnImWn¨p. AbmÄ¡p s]mdp¯p sImSp¯p.'' CXptI«v AhnSs¯ A\pNc·mÀ tNmZn¨p: arK§fpsS Imcy¯nepw R§Ä¡p {]Xn^eaptWvSm? {]hmNI³ {]XnhNn¨p: ]¨¡cfpÅ FÃmänsâ Imcy¯nepw \n§Ä¡p {]Xn^eapWvSv.''(_pJmcn, apkvenw)

asämcp kw`hw {]hmNI³ C§s\ hnhcn¡p¶p: ""Hcp \mb InWän\pNpäpw HmSn\S¡pIbmbncp¶p. ITn\amb Zmlw ImcWw AXp Nmhmdmbncp¶p. AXpIWvS CkvdmCueycnÂs]« Hcp hy`nNmcn Xsâ jq Agn¨v AXn shÅsaSp¯v AXns\ IpSn¸n¡pIbpw kzbw IpSn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. AXnsâ t]cn AÃmlp AhÀ¡v s]mdp¯psImSp¯p.''(_pJmcn) GXp Pohntbbpw t{Zmln¡p¶Xv ]m]amIp¶p. {]hmNI\Xv iàambn hne¡p¶p. \_nXncpta\n AcpÄsN¿p¶p: ""]q¨ ImcWw Hcp kv{Xo in£n¡s¸«p. AhfXns\ hni¶pNmIpthmfw sI«nbn«p. A§s\ AhÀ \cImhIminbmbn.'' (_pJmcn, apkvenw) ""Hcp Ipcphnsbtbm AXns\¡mÄ sNdnb Pohnsbtbm A\ymbambn h[n¡p¶Xv AÃmlpthmSv D¯cw ]dtbWvS ImcyamWv. "\ymbamb Bhiysas´¶v' tNmZn¨t¸mÄ AhnS¶v ]dªp: `£WapWvSm¡epw _enbdp¡epw sIm¶tijw shdpsX Dt]£n¡mXncn¡epw.''(AlvaZv) hnt\mZ¯n\v PohnIsf sImÃp¶Xpw ]ckv]cw t]mcSn¸n¨v aÕcn¸n¡p¶Xpw {]hmNI³ \ntcm[n¨ncn¡p¶p. (apkvenw, XnÀapZn) C{]Imcw Xs¶ arK§sf IsÃdnbp¶Xpw tX\o¨, Ddp¼v, Ipcphn t]mepÅhsb sImÃp¶Xpw AhnS¶v hne¡nbncn¡p¶p.(apkvenw, A_qZmhqZv) \_nXncpta\n AcpÄ sN¿p¶p: ""Bsc¦nepw Hcp ]£nsb A\mhiyambn h[n¨m A´yZn\¯n AXv Aeapdbn«psImWvSv AÃmlpthmSv ]dbpw: Fsâ \mYm! C¶bmÄ Fs¶ A\mhiyambn sIm¶ncn¡p¶p. D]tbmK¯n\p thWvSnbà Abmsfs¶ h[n¨Xv.''(\kmCu, C_v\plnºm³) XWp¸Iäm³ Xobn« A\pNc·mtcmSv, Ddp¼v Icnbm³ ImcWamIptam F¶ Bi¦bm AXv sISp¯m³ Iev]n¡pIbpw H«Is¯ sI«nbn«v AXn\v Blmcw \ÂImsX ]«nWn¡n«hs\ iàambn imkn¡pIbpw arK§fpsS apJ¯v ap{Zsh¡p¶Xpw ]pd¯v NqSpsh¡p¶Xpw hne¡pIbpw P´p¡fpsS ]pdw`mKw "Ccn¸nS'am¡cpsX¶v BÚm]n¡pIbpw sNbvX {]hmNI³ hr£§tfmSpt]mepw IcpW ImWn¡Wsa¶v D]tZin¡pIbpWvSmbn. ac¯n\pt\sc IsÃdnª Ip«ntbmSv AhnS¶v ]dªp: ""C\nta \o Hcp act¯bpw IsÃdnbcpXv. IÃpsImWvSm AXn\p thZ\n¡pw.'' CÆn[w Cu {]]©¯nse FÃmänt\mSpw \ndª ImcpWyt¯msS hÀ¯n¡Wsa¶mWv Ckvemw Bhiys¸Sp¶Xv. BlmcanÃmsX ChnsS H¶n\pw Pohn¡m\mhnÃ. kky§fpw {]mWnIfpw CgPohnIfpw PePohnIfpw I¶pImenIfpw ]dhIfpsaÃmw Pohn¡p¶Xv `£Ww D]tbmKn¨mWv. AXv km[yamhWsa¦n Hmtcm¶n\pw aäpÅhsb D]tbmKs¸Sp¯pIXs¶ thWw. kky§Ä \ne\nÂ]n\mbn aäp kky§sf D]tbmKn¡p¶p. A]qÀhw NneXv PohnIsfbpw Blmcambp]tbmKn¡mdpWvSv. {]mWnIÄ kky§sfbpw aäp PohnIsfbpw `£n¡p¶p. hmbphnepw shůnepw Icbnepw ISenepapÅ PohnIsfÃmw \ne\n¡p¶Xv kky§sfbpw aäp PohnIsfbpw Blmcambp]tbmKn¨mWv. Chbn Hmtcm Pohn¡pw AXnsâ icocLS\¡\pkrXamb PohnXcoXnbmWpÅXv. apb kky`p¡mbXn\m AXn\\pkrXamb ]Ãpw hbdpamWv AXn\pÅXv. knwlw amwk`p¡mbXn\m AXnsâ hmbbpsSbpw hbdnsâbpw LS\ AXn\p tNcpwhn[amWv. a\pjy³ kkymlmchpw amwkmlmchpw D]tbmKn¡m³ km[n¡pwhn[amWv krjvSn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv. XoÀ¯pw kky`p¡pIfmb BSv, ]ip, sN½cnbmSv XpS§nbhbpsS ]ÃpIÄ kkymlmcw am{Xw Ign¡m³ Ignbpwhn[w ]c¶Xpw \nc¸mbXpamWtÃm. ]qÀWambpw amwk`p¡mb ISph t]mepÅhbptSXv IqÀ¯Xpw aqÀ¨bpÅXpat{X. F¶mÂ, a\pjy\p cWvSn\pw ]äp¶ ]ÃpIfpWvSv. ]c¶Xpw

\nc¸mbXpamb ]ÃpItfmsSm¸w aqÀ¨bpÅhbpw IqÀ¯hbpapWvSv. AYhm, a\pjy³ krjvSn¡s¸«XpXs¶ an{i`p¡mbmWv. Zlt\{µnb§fpsS ØnXnbpw CXpXs¶. kky`p¡pIÄ¡v kkymlmcw am{Xw Zln¸n¡mhp¶Xpw amwk`p¡pIÄ¡v AXn\\pkrXambXpamWv Zlt\{µnb§sf¦n a\pjytâXv cWvSns\bpw Zln¸n¡mhp¶ hn[apÅhbmWv. ]ÃpIfpsSbpw Zl\hyhØbpsSbpw AhØXs¶ a\pjy³ an{i`p¡msW¶v AkµnKv[ambn sXfnbn¡p¶p. Cu `qanbpw AXnepÅhbpsams¡ a\pjykaql¯n\pthWvSn krjvSn¡s¸«hbmWv. AYhm, a\pjy\mWv `qanbpsS tI{µ_nµp. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""BImi`qanIfnepÅsXms¡bpw \n§Ä¡v A[o\s¸Sp¯n¯¶Xv \n§Ä ImWp¶ntÃ? {]Xy£hpw ]tcm£hpamb A\p{Kl§Ä Ah³ \n§Ä¡v \ndthän¯cnIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p.''(JpÀB³ 31: 20) ""ImenIfnÂ\n¶v `mcw Npa¡p¶hbpw Adp¯p `£n¡m\pÅhbpw Ah³ krjvSn¨ncn¡p¶p. \n§Ä¡v AÃmlp \evInbXnÂ\n¶v `£n¨psImÅpI. ]nimNnsâ ImÂ]mSpIsf ]n´pSccpXv. Ah³ \n§fpsS {]Xy£i{XphmIp¶p.''(JpÀB³ 6: 142) ""Dd¸mbpw \n§Ä¡v I¶pImenIfn KpW]mTapWvSv. AhbpsS DZc¯nÂ\n¶pÅXnÂ\n¶v \n§Ä¡p \mw IpSn¡m³ Xcp¶p. \n§Ä¡v Ahbn [mcmfw {]tbmP\§fpWvSv. AhbnÂ\n¶v \n§Ä `£n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.''(JpÀB³ 23: 21) ""\n§Ä¡p ]pXpamwkw FSp¯p `£n¡m\pw \n§Ä¡Wnbm\pÅ B`cWw ]pds¯Sp¡m\pw ]mI¯n ISens\ \n§Ä¡v A[o\s¸Sp¯n¯¶Xpw AÃmlphmIp¶p.''(JpÀB³ 16: 14) `qanbnepÅsXms¡bpw a\pjy\pthWvSn kwhn[m\n¡s¸«XmsW¶ XXzs¯ \ncmIcn¡p¶hcpw {]tbmK¯n AXn\\pkrXamb kao]\amWv kzoIcn¡mdpÅXv. a\pjy³ X§fpsS XmÂ]cy§Ä kwc£n¡m³ `qansb DgpXpadn¡p¶p. AXn InWdpIfpw Ipf§fpw Ipgn¡p¶p. tdmUpIfpw ]me§fpw \nÀan¡p¶p. hoSpIÄ DWvSm¡p¶p. CsXms¡ sN¿pt¼mÄ AhnsSbpÅ {]mWnIÄ¡pw CXc PohnIÄ¡pw F´p kw`hn¡p¶psh¶v ]cnKWn¡mdnÃ. FÃm PohnIÄ¡pw H¶pt]mse AhImis¸« `qanbnemWv Xm³ tdmUpw InWdpsams¡ DWvSm¡p¶sXt¶mÀ¡mdnÃ. C{]Imcw Xs¶ kky§sfbpw ^ehr£§sfbpw hnfIsfbpsaÃmw a\pjy³ Xsâ XmÂ]cy¯n\mbp]tbmKn¡p¶p. AXn\m `qanbpw AXnepÅhbpw a\pjy\pthWvSn kÖam¡s¸«XmsW¶ kXys¯ {]tbmKXe¯n AwKoIcn¡m¯ BcpanÃ. Hcp Pohnsbbpw sImÃpIbnà F¶XmWv AlnwksImWvSv Dt±in¡s¸Sp¶sX¦nepw AXn\\pkrXambn PohnXw \bn¡p¶ Bcpw Cu `qanbnenÃ. amwkmlmcw Ign¡m¯hÀ kkymlmcw `£n¡p¶hcmWtÃm. kky§Ä¡v Poh\pw hnImchpapsWvS¶Xv kpk½XkXyas{X. AXn\m amwk`p¡pIsft¸mse, kky`p¡pIfpw Pohlm\nhcp¯p¶hcpw kky§sf thZ\n¸n¡p¶hcpamWv. GXp a\pjy\pw icoc¯n apdnhp]änbm AXnse hnjmWp¡sf acp¶p]tbmKn¨p sImÃp¶p. DZc¯nse IranIsf \in¸n¡p¶p. sImXpIpIÄ ap«bn«phncnbp¶ sI«n\n¡p¶ aen\Pe¯n hnjw Xfn¨v Ahsb sImÃp¶p. aq«sbbpw sImXpIns\bpw \in¸n¡p¶p. Npcp¡¯nÂ, GsX¦nepw Pohnsb l\n¡msX Bcpw FhnsSbpanÃ; DWvSmhpI km[yhpaÃ. a\pjykaql¯nsâ kpKaamb \ne\nÂ]n\mbn hnjmWp¡sf sImÃmsa¦n AtX Imcy¯n Gäw \à t]mjImlmcsa¶ \nebn amwkw

D]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv. t{]m«o³, Ccp¼v, hnäman³ _n. 1, \nbmkn³ XpS§nbh amwkmlmc¯n [mcmfambn DsWvS¶Xv A\ntj[yamWv. kky§sfbpw {]mWnIsfbpw AWp¡sfbpw aäpw X§fpsS \ne\nÂ]n¶mbn sImÃmsa¶v Xocpam\n¨hÀ P\tImSnIÄ¡v Blmcambn amdp¶ amwkw Dt]£n¡Wsa¶v ]dbp¶Xv XoÀ¯pw \ncÀYIas{X. AXpsImWvSpXs¶, PohPme§tfmSv ]camh[n ImcpWyw ImWn¡m³ IÂ]n¡p¶ Ckvemw AhbpsS amwkw `£n¡p¶Xv A\phZ\obam¡n. temI¯nse tImSn¡W¡n\v P\§Ä PohnXw \bn¡p¶Xv amwkmlmcw D]tbmKn¨mWv. AXv hne¡p¶Xv kmaqlyt{Zmlhpw P\hncp²hpamWv. amwkw A\phZ\obamIm³ PohnIsf ssZh\maap¨cn¨v Adp¡Wsa¶v Ckvemw \njvIÀjn¡p¶p. ssZh¯nsâ A\p{Klhpw ImcpWyhpw A\pkcn¨psImWvSmbncn¡Ww asäÃm IÀa§fpsa¶t]mse Ahsâ krjvSnbmb Pohnsb A\nhmcyamb Bhiy¯n\v D]tbmKs¸Spt¯WvSsX¶v CXp ]Tn¸n¡p¶p. AtXmsSm¸w Dcphn\v ]camh[n kuIcyw \ÂInbpw {]bmkw eLqIcn¨pambncn¡Ww Adsh¶v IWniambn Iev]n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. {]hmNI³ ]dbp¶p: ""AÃmlp FÃm Imcy§fnepw \· \nÝbn¨ncn¡p¶p. AXn\m \n§Ä sImÃp¶psh¦n \à \nebneXv \nÀhln¡pI. Adp¡p¶psh¦n AXpw \Ã\nebnem¡pI. I¯nbpsS hmbv¯e aqÀ¨Iq«n Dcphn\v kuIcyw sN¿pI.''(apkvenw) Hcn¡Â HcmÄ \_nXncpta\ntbmSp ]dªp: ""Rm³ BSns\ Adp¡pt¼mÄ Zb ImWn¡mdpWvSv.'' CXptI«v {]hmNI³ {]XnhNn¨p: ""\o AXnt\mSp IcpW ImWn¨m AÃmlp \nt¶mSpw IcpW ImWn¡pw.''(lmInw) HcmÄ Adp¡m\pÅ BSns\ AXnsâ Imep ]nSn¨phen¨p sImWvSpt]mhp¶Xp ImWm\nSbmb Dadp ^mdqJv ]dªp: ""\n\¡p \miw! AXns\ \Ã\nebn acW¯nte¡p \bn¡pI.'' Ckvemans\t¸mse sslµh [Àa¯nepw amwkmlmcw A\phZ\obamWv. AXv amwk`£Ww hne¡p¶psh¶ [mcW A_²amWv. ]e alÀjnamcpw ]pWyhmf·mcpw amwkmlmcw Ign¡p¶hcmbncp¶psh¶v ]pcmW§Ä hyàam¡p¶p. {iocma³ h\hmk¯n\v Ab¡s¸«t¸mÄ, F\n¡p cpNnIcamb amwk¯fnI Dt]£nt¡WvSnhcpsa¶v amXmhnt\mSv ]dªncp¶Xmbn Atbm[ymImÞ¯nse 20, 26, 94 tÇmI§fn ]cmaÀin¨n«pWvSv. CXv {iocma\v amwk`£Wt¯mSv {]nbapWvSmbncp¶Xmbn hyàam¡p¶p. _rlZmcWytIm]\nj¯v ]dbp¶p: ""F\n¡p ]ÞnX\pw {]kn²\pw k`Ifn t]mIp¶h\pw aäpÅhÀ tIÄ¡m³ B{Kln¡p¶ hm¡pIÄ ]dbp¶h\pamb ]p{X\pWvSmhWw, Ah³ FÃm thZ§fpw ]Tn¡Ww, Bdv hÀjw Pohn¡Ww F¶v B{Kln¡p¶psWvS¦n amwkt¯mSpIqSnb `£Ww ]mIw sNbvXv s\t¿mSpIqSn cWvSpt]cpw Ign¡Ww. A§s\bpÅ ]p{Xs\ P\n¸n¡m³ AhÀ iàcmhpw. amwkw D£¯nsâtbm Ej`¯nsâtbm BImw.''(6þ4þ18)

_enbpsS Bßmhv ""F¶mepw lÖnepw s]cp¶mfnepw \S¯p¶ _enIÀaw icnbmtWm? F´n\mWn{X IqSpX PohnIsf sImÃp¶Xv?'' Ncn{X¯nsâ CcpfSª CS\mgnIIfn CS¡nsS \S¶psImWvSncp¶ \c_ensb¶ AXymNmc¯n\v AdpXnhcp¯nb alÂkw`h¯nsâ A\pkvacWamWv Ckvemanse _en. H¸w AkZriamb BßXymK¯nsâ HmÀa]pXp¡eneqsSbpÅ kaÀ¸W{]XnÚbpw.

{]mbtasdbmbn«pw C_vdmlow {]hmNI¶p k´m\§fpWvSmbnÃ. AXoh ZpxJnX\mb At±lw ssZht¯mSp k´m\e_v[n¡mbn a\ws\m´p tIWp. \nc´c {]mÀY\s¡mSphn {]]©\mY³ At±l¯n\v Hcp aIs\ {]Zm\w sNbvXp. CkvamCu F¶p hnfn¡s¸« B CjvS]p{X³ IqsS \S¡mdmbt¸mÄ Ahs\ _en \ÂIWsa¶ ssZhimk\bpWvSmbn. ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ssZhIÂ]\ ]men¨v _ens¡mcp§n. At¸mÄ, aIs\ Adpt¡WvSXnsöpw ]Icw arKs¯ _en\ÂInbm aXnsb¶pw ssZhimk\bpWvSmbn. "F´pIn«p'sa¶ tNmZyapWÀ¯m\mWtÃm `uXnIPohnXho£Ww a\pjys\ Ft¸mgpw t{]cn¸n¡pI. F¶mÂ, "F´p \ÂIm\mhpw' F¶ Nn´bpw tNmZyhpamWv aXw Ft¸mgpw hnizmknIfnepWÀ¯pI. AXn\p "{]bmks¸«sX´pw' F¶v PohnX¯neqsS adp]Sn \ÂIm\pÅ {]tNmZ\amWv _en krjvSn¡p¶Xv. X\nt¡äw {]nbs¸«XpÄs¸sS F´pw ssZh¯n\p kaÀ¸n¡m³ k¶²\mb C_vdmlow {]hmNIsâ XymK]qÀWamb Cu {]hr¯nbpsS {]XoImßIamb BhÀ¯\amWv lÖnsebpw AXnt\mS\p_Ôn¨ s]cp¶mfnsebpw _en. X\nt¡äw CjvSs¸«XpÄs¸sS BhiyambsXms¡ \ÂIm³ Hcp¡amsW¶Xnsâ {]XnÚbpw {]Jym]\hpamWXv. ]Wtam ]Zhntbm {]Xm]tam {]ikvXntbm s]t®m s]mt¶m Ipetam IpSpw_tam A´tÊm A[nImctam H¶pw Xs¶ ssZhlnX¯ns\Xncmb PohnX¯n\p ImcWamhnsö ZrVhnizmk¯nsâ {]Imi\w IqSn AXnepWvSv. kÀh{][m\sa¶v IcpXp¶hbpsS kaÀ¸WamWtÃm GhÀ¡pw Gsd {]bmkIcw. Xm\Xns\mcp¡amsW¶v hnizmkn _enbneqsS hnfw_cw sN¿p¶p. {]Xy£¯n AsXmcp Poh³ l\n¡emWv. F¶mÂ, AXnsâ B´cmÀYw AXnal¯cas{X. {]]©\mYsâ {]oXn¡mbn Gsd {]nbwIcambsXms¡ sImSp¡m\pw {]bmkIcambXv sN¿m\pw X¿mdmsW¶ {]XnÚbpw AXpÄs¡mÅp¶p. AXn\memWv JpÀB³ AXns\ kw_Ôn¨v C§s\ ]dªXv: ""AhbpsS amwktam càtam ssZhs¯ {]m]n¡p¶nÃ. adn¨v, Ahs\ {]m]n¡p¶Xv \n§fpsS AÀ¸Wt_m[amIp¶p.''(22: 37) Ckvemanse ssZhmcm[\Itfsdbpw kaql¯n\p s]mXphnepw Ahcnse AKXnIÄ¡pw AicWÀ¡pw hntijn¨pw KpWw sN¿p¶hbmWv. _enbpw AÆn[w Xs¶. AÃmlp BÚm]n¡p¶p: ""AXnÂ\n¶v \n§Ä kzbw `£n¡pI. {]bmks¸Sp¶ Bhiy¡msc Blcn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pI.''(JpÀB³ 22: 28) kt´mj¯nsâ kµÀ`§fnseÃmw ssZht¯mSpÅ \µn{]IS\¯nsâ `mKambn Ahsâ krjvSnIfmb a\pjyÀ¡v; {]tXyIn¨pw Ahcnse ]mh§Ä¡v A¶Zm\w \S¯p¶Xv \ÃXmsW¶v Ckvemw \nÀtZin¡p¶p. Blmc]ZmÀY§fn Gäw t]mjImwiapÅXpw D¯ahpw amwk`£WambXn\m AXp \ÂIp¶Xn DZmcaXnIfmb hnizmknIÄ \njvIÀjX ]peÀ¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p. temI¯nsâ GXp `mKs¯, GXp P\hn`mK¯ntâXmbmepw amwkhn`h§fnÃm¯ k¡mc¯fnIIÄ hfsc hfsc hncfas{X.

Ckvemapw `oIchmZhpw temIsa§papÅ apkvenwIÄ `oIchmZnIfpw Xo{hhmZnIfpamIm³ ImcWw CkvematÃ? Aev]w hniZoIcWaÀln¡p¶ tNmZyamWnXv. 1492 a\pjyNcn{X¯nse Gähpw henb Zpc´¯nsâ hÀjambncp¶p. \oWvS \nch[n \qämWvSpImew imkv{Xþkmt¦XnI cwK§fnepw Iem,kmlnXy, kmwkvImcnI, \mKcnI, sshÚm\nI taJeIfnepw temI¯n\v t\XrXzw \ÂInt¸m¶ apkvenw kvs]bn\nse Ahkm\s¯ `cWm[nImcn A_q A_vZpÃbmbncp¶p. {Km\sU \Kcw am{Xta At±l¯nsâ A[o\XbnepWvSmbncp¶pÅq. 1492 P\phcn

Ahkm\t¯msSbmWv Abmsf ]pdwXÅn kv]m\njpImÀ AhnsS B[n]Xyapd¸n¨Xv. kvs]bn\nsâ ]X\w ]qÀ¯nbmb AtX hÀjamWv km{amPyXzm[n\nthiw Bcw`n¨sX¶ hkvXpX Gsd {it²bas{X. 1492þemWtÃm sImfw_kv Xsâ "IsWvS¯Â' bm{X¡v XpS¡w Ipdn¨Xv. AtXhÀjw HIvtSm_À 12þ\v AbmÄ Kzm\mlm\n Zzo]nse¯n. Bbp[§fpambn I¸end§nb sImfw_kpw Iq«pImcpw, AXpapX B \mSv kv]m\njv cmPmhnsâXmbncn¡psa¶v {]Jym]n¨p. Xt±iobsc AhÀ¡dnbm¯ kv]m\njv `mjbnepÅ D¯chv hmbn¨ptIĸn¨p. AXv A\pkcn¨nsæn F´mWv kw`hn¡pIsb¶v C§s\ hniZoIcn¨p: ""Rm³ Dd¸n¨p ]dbp¶p, ssZhklmb¯m R§Ä \n§fpsS cmPy¯v _eambn {]thin¡pw. \n§tfmSv Bhpwhn[w bp²w sN¿pw. \n§sf {InkvXy³ ]Ån¡pw X{¼m¡·mÀ¡pw Iogvs]Sp¯pw. \n§sfbpw `mcyamscbpw Ip«nIsfbpsaÃmw ]nSnIqSn ASnaIfm¡pw. \n§fpsS kmam\§Ä ]nSn¨S¡pw. R§fmemhp¶ FÃm t{Zmlhpw \mihpw \n§Ä¡v hcp¯pw''( David E Stannard, American Holocaust, The conquest of the n ew World, OUP 1993, P 66) ( D²cWw: ]cm¶t`mPnIÄ: ]mÝmXyh¡cW¯nsâ Aªqdp hÀjw, sF.]n.F¨v, ]pdw 17) CtXmsSbmWv bqtdm¸nsâ A[n\nthiw Bcw`n¨Xv. apkvenw kvs]bn³ XIÀ¶v IrXyw BdphÀjw Ignªv 1498þemWtÃm hmkvtImUKma tImgnt¡m«v I¸end§nbXv. 1492þ Atacn¡bn GgctImSn¡pw ]¯ptImSn¡panSbn BZnhmknIfpWvSmbncp¶p. bqtdm]y³ A[n\nthis¯¯pSÀ¶v H¶c \qämWvSpsImWvSv Ahcn 90 iXam\hpw kz´w a®nÂ\n¶v XpS¨p\o¡s¸«p. {Iqcamb Iq«s¡meIfneqsS Xt±iobsc \in¸n¨tijw 1776þse "kzmX{´y{]Jym]\t¯msS' bqtdm]yÀ Atacn¡ A[o\s¸Sp¯pIbmbncp¶p. XoÀ¯pw A\oXnbnepw AXn{Ia¯nepw A[njvTnXamb Cu {]Jym]\¯neqsSbmWv C¶s¯ Atacn¡ Øm]nXambXv. 1527þ t]mÀ¨pKokpImÀ _lvssd³ ]nSn¨S¡n. sXm«pSs\ Ham\pw Iogvs¸Sp¯n. F¦nepw Dkvam\nIÄ B \mSpIÄ Xncn¨p]nSn¨p. ]n¶oSv 1798þ1801 Ime¯v s\t¸mfnbsâ {^©v tk\ CuPn]vXnse AeIvkm{ WvSnb , A¡m \Kc§Ä A[o\s¸Sp¯n. ]n¶n« cWvSv \qämWvSpIÄ Ad_v þapkvenw \mSpIÄ CXc Gjy\m{^n¡³ cmPy§sft¸mse¯s¶ ]mÝmXym[n\nthi¯ntâXmbncp¶p. {^m³kv 1830þ AÄPocnbbpw 1859þ Pn_q«nbpw 1881þ Xp\ojybpw 1919þ audn¯m\nbbpw A[o\s¸Sp¯n. Cäen 1859þ tkmamenbbpw 1911þ en_nbbpw 1880þ sFcn{Xnbbpw Iogvs¸Sp¯n. {_n«³ 1800þ akvI¯pw 1820þ Hamsâ _m¡n `mKhpw 1839þ GX\pw 1863þ _lvssd\pw 1878þ ssk{]kpw 1882þ CuPn]vXpw 1898þ kpUm\pw 1899þ IpsshXpw ]nSn¨S¡n. 1916þ {_n«\pw {^m³kpw tNÀ¶pWvSm¡nb sskIvkvþ]nt¡m«v clky Icmd\pkcn¨v Dkvam\nbm Jeo^bpsS IognepWvSmbncp¶ Ad_v {]hniyIÄ {_n«\pw {^m³kpw ]¦ns«Sp¯p. A§s\ CdmJpw tPmÀZm\pw ^ekvXo\pw J¯dpw {_n«sâbpw kndnbbpw e_\m\pw {^m³knsâbpw ]nSnbneaÀ¶p. samtdmt¡m kvs]bn\nsâbpw Ct´mt\jy U¨pImcpsSbpw tImf\nIfmbn. C´ybpw A^vKm\nØm\psaÃmw km{amPyiànIfpsS ]nSnbneaÀ¶t]mse¯s¶. Ignª \qämWvSnsâ BZy]mZw ]n¶n«tXmsS ]Snªmdnsâ tImf\nIfnseÃmw kzmX{´ykacw iàns¸«p. XZv^eambn 1932þ CdmJpw '46þ kndnbbpw e_\m\pw '51þ en_nbbpw Ham\pw '52þ CuPn]vXpw '56þ samtdmt¡mbpw kpUm\pw Xp\ojybpw '58þ tPmÀZm\pw '59þ audn¯m\nbbpw '60þ tkmamenbbpw '61þ Ipssh¯pw '62þ AÄPocnbbpw '68þ ba\pw '71þ J¯dpw _lvssd\pw Ad_v Fantdävkpw '77þ Pn_q«nbpw kzmX{´yw t\Sn.

F¶mÂ, km{amPyiànIÄ Cu \mSpItfmSv hnS]dªXv AhnS§fneS¡w AhcpsS XmÂ]cy§Ä kwc£n¡p¶ GIm[n]XnIfpw tkzÑm[nImcnIfpamb cmPm¡·mscbpw N{IhÀ¯namscbpw kp¯m·mscbpw {]XnjvTn¨ tijambncp¶p. AtXmsSm¸w Cu \mSpIÄ¡nSbnseÃmw A]cnlmcy§fmb AXnÀ¯n¯À¡§fpw DWvSm¡nsh¨p. ba\pw kuZn Atd_ybpw X½nepw Cdm\pw CdmJpw X½nepw CdmJpw Ipssh¯pw X½nepw Cdm\pw bp.F.Cbpw X½nepw C\nbpw ]cnlcn¡s¸Sm¯ XÀ¡§Ä \ne\n¡m\pÅ ImcWw km{amPyXziànIÄ sNbvXpsh¨ IpX{´§fs{X. Ad_vþapkvenw \mSpIÄ H¶n¡p¶Xn\v Cu AXnÀ¯n XÀ¡§Ä Øncamb XSÊw krjvSn¡p¶tXmsSm¸w ]et¸mgpw InSaÂkc¯n\v ImcWambn¯ocpIbpw sN¿p¶p. Atacn¡¡pw CXc apXemfn¯ \mSpIÄ¡pw AhnS§fnse s]t{Smfpw hmXIhpw CXc AkwkvIrX ]ZmÀY§fpw X«nsbSp¡m\pw B \mSpIsf X§fpsS Bbp[¡t¼mfam¡n amäm\pw CXv Ahkcsamcp¡p¶p. km{amPyiànIÄ Xs¶ krjvSn¨ XÀ¡¯nsâ t]cnemWtÃm CdmJpw Ipssh¯pw X½nteäpap«nbXv. CXv Atacn¡¡v taJebn CSs]Sm³ Ahkcsamcp¡n. AXpXs¶bmbncp¶phtÃm AhcpsS e£yw. Ad_vþapkvenw \mSpIÄ kzmX{´yw t\Snbtijhpw AhnS§fnseÃmw ]Snªmdnsâ AZriykm{amPyXzhpw NqjWhpw \nb{´Whpw Ct¶mfw \ne\n¶pt]m¶n«pWvSv. B cmPy§Äs¡m¶pw Xs¶ kz´w \mSpIfnse hn`h§Ä CjvSm\pkrXw hn\ntbmKn¡mt\m \nb{´n¡mt\m km[n¨n«nÃ. AhnS§fnse `cWm[nImcnIÄ Adntªm AdnbmsXtbm \nÀ_ÔnXamtbm AÃmsXtbm ]Snªmdnsâ XmÂ]cy§Ä kwc£n¨phcnIbmbncp¶p. CdmJn CSs]Sm³ Ahkcw e`n¨tXmsS Atacn¡ Ad_v \mSpIfpsS taepÅ ]nSnapdp¡pIbpw X§fpsS ]«mfs¯ Xoänt¸mäp¶ NpaXebpw km¼¯nI {]XnkÔn ]cnlcn¡p¶ _m[yXbpw B \mSpIfpsS ta sh¨psI«pIbpw sNbvXp. C¶v FÃm {][m\ Ad_v \mSpIfnepw Atacn¡¡v Bbp[imeIfpw ssk\nI¯mhf§fpapWvSv. AXv Ahkm\n¸n¡Wsa¶v Bhiys¸Sp¶Xpw Cu km{amPyXz NqjW¯n\v AdpXnhcp¯Wsa¶v hmZn¡p¶Xpw sImSnb ]mXIambmWv ]mÝmXykm{amPy iànIÄ IW¡m¡p¶Xv. Ignª \qämWvSnse Ahkm\ZiIw hsc temI¯v imànIamb k´penXXzw \ne\n¶ncp¶p. F¶m tkmjyenÌv tNcn ZpÀ_eambn Ncn{X¯nsâ `mKambtXmsS ioXkacw Ahkm\n¨p. temIw Atacn¡bpsS t\XrXz¯n GI{[phambn amdn. KÄ^v bp²¯n Atacn¡³ tNcn hnPbn¨tXmsS B cmPyw temIt]meokv Nabm³ XpS§n. X§fpsS XmÂ]cy§Ä¡v FXncp \n¡p¶hscsbÃmw Xo{hhmZnIfpw `oIchmZnIfpambn ap{ZIp¯pIbpw Ahscsbms¡ XIÀ¡m³ Cd§n¸pds¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. ]mÝmXy tNcn IayqWnÌv \mSpIfpsS XIÀ¨tbmsS X§fpsS apJyi{Xphmbn {]XnjvTn¨Xv Ckvemans\bmWv. Atacn¡bpw AXnsâ t\XrXz¯nepÅ \mtämbpw C¡mcyw kwibteiat\y hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. AXn\m temIsa§papÅ CkvemanI \thm°m\ Ne\§sfbpw apt¶ä§sfbpw ASn¨aÀ¯m\pw \in¸n¡m\pw Atacn¡bpw Iq«mfnIfpw Bhp¶sXms¡ sN¿p¶p. AXn\mbn BSns\ ]«nbm¡pw hn[apÅ {]NmctheIÄ kwLSn¸n¡p¶p. Ckveman\pw apkvenwIÄ¡psaXnsc aXauenIhmZw, aX{`m´v, `oIcX, Xo{hhmZw XpS§nb ]Z§Ä \nc´cw \nÀtem`w {]tbmKn¨psImWvSncn¡p¶p. 1993þ Atacn¡³ tIm¬{KÊv AwKoIcn¨p ]pd¯nd¡nb tIhew 93 ]pd§fpÅ "]pXnb temI CkvemanÌpIÄ' F¶ HutZymKnI tcJbn 288 {]mhiyw `oIcX, `oIcÀ F¶o ]Z§Ä {]tbmKn¨n«pWvSv. kbWnÌv {]Øm\t¯mSv Iqdp]peÀ¯p¶ ^m³t^msdbvÌv, tbmk^v tkmZm³kvIn F¶nhcmWv {]kvXpX tcJ X¿mdm¡nbXv. bYmÀY¯n BcmWv temI¯v Iq«s¡meIfpw bp²§fpw `oIc{]hÀ¯\§fpw \S¯p¶Xv? H¶mw temIbp²¯n 80 e£hpw cWvSmw temIbp²¯n A©ptImSnbpw hnbäv\man ap¸Xp e£hpw sImÃs¸«p. ]\mabnepw

tKm«naebnepw \n¡cmKzbnepw I¼q¨nbbnepw sImdnbbnepw Z£nWm{^n¡bnepsaÃmw At\Ie£§Ä AdpsIme sN¿s¸SpIbpWvSmbn. CXnsem¶pw Ckvemant¶m apkvenwIÄt¡m Hcp ]¦panÃ. P¸m³ bp²¯nÂ\n¶v ]n·mdm³ X¿mdmbn«pw lntcmjnabnepw \mKkm¡nbnepw t_mw_v hÀjn¨ sImSpw `oIc\mb Atacn¡Xs¶bmWv C¶pw B t]cn¶Àl³. X§fpsS IpSne XmÂ]cy§Äs¡Xncp \n¡p¶ FÃm \mSpIsfbpw kaql§sfbpw B cmPyw FXnÀ¡p¶p. kz´w hcpXnbn hcm¯ \mSpIfnseÃmw `oIc{]hÀ¯\§Ä kwLSn¸n¡p¶p. NmckwLS\bmb kn.sF.Fsbbpw `oIc{]hÀ¯Icmb kbWnÌpIsfbpw AXn\mbn D]tbmKn¡p¶p. B`y´c {]iv\§Ä Hgnhm¡m³ t]mepw temI¯v bp²§fpWvSm¡p¶p. Atacn¡³ cmjv{Sobhr¯§fn \ndªp\n¡p¶ anÌÀ tdmkvs]tdm ]dbp¶p: ""B`y´cØnXn tamiamIpt¼mÄ {i² Xncn¨phnSm\mbn R§Ä temI¯v sIm¨psIm¨p bp²§Ä kwLSn¸n¡p¶p.'' CÆn[w Ignª Hcp \qämWvSn\Iw Atacn¡ temI¯nse A¼Xntesd cmPy§fn {]Xy£amtbm ]tcm£amtbm CSs]«v Ipg¸§Ä Ip¯ns¸m¡pIbpw Iq«s¡meIÄ kwLSn¸n¡pIbpapWvSmbn. C¯csamcp `oIccmjv{S¯nsâ {]NmcWamWv Ckvemans\bpw apkvenwIsfbpw kw_Ôn¨ sXän²mcWIÄ hfÀ¶phcm\nShcp¯nbXv. FÃm hn[ {]NmctWm]m[nIfpw I¿S¡nsh¡p¶ Atacn¡bpsS IpSneX{´§Ä temIP\Xsb sXän²cn¸n¡p¶Xn A\ev]amb ]¦phln¡pIbmWpWvSmbXv. bYmÀY¯nÂ, C¶v temI¯nse Gähpw sImSnb `oIcIrXyw \S¯p¶Xv kam[m\¯nsâ kwc£Icmbn Adnbs¸Sp¶ sFIycmjv{Sk`bpsS skIyqcnän Iu¬knemWv. GsX¦nepw Hcp cmPys¯ `cWm[nImcntbmSpÅ i{XpXbpsS t]cn B cmPy¯nsâ bm{Xmhnam\w X«ns¡mWvSpt]mbn AXnse \m\qtdm Aªqtdm BfpIsf _µnIfm¡nbm \mahsc Xo{hhmZnIsf¶pw `oIchmZnIsf¶pw hnfn¡pw. XoÀ¨bmbpw AXv icnbpamWv. \nc]cm[cmb bm{X¡msc imcocnIambpw am\knIambpw ]oUn¸n¡p¶Xv {IqcXbmWv; a\pjyhncp²hpw. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ aXhncp²hpamWv. F¶m k±mw lpssk³ F¶ Hcp `cWm[nImcntbmSpÅ hntcm[¯nsâ t]cn CdmJnse Ht¶Im tImSn a\pjysc Ignª ]Xns\m¶phÀjw Blmchpw acp¶pw sImSp¡msX sFIycmjv{Sk` _µnIfm¡pIbpw Bdpe£w Ip«nIfpÄs¸sS ]Xns\m¶p e£s¯ sIms¶mSp¡pIbpw sNbvXp. CÆn[w temI¯nse Gäw {Iqc\mb sImebmfnbpw sImSpw`oIc\pambn amdnb skIyqcnän Iu¬kn Ct¸mgpw kam[m\¯nsâ Imh¡mcmbmWv Adnbs¸Sp¶sX¶Xv F{Xam{Xw hnNn{Xhpw hntcm[m`mkhpamWv. Atacn¡bptSXÃm¯ Hcp am\ZÞhpw AfhptImepw temI¯n\v C¶nà F¶XmWv CXn\p ImcWw. apkvenwIfn Xo{hhmZnItfm `oIc{]hÀ¯Itcm Bbn Bcpansöv AhImis¸Sm\mhnÃ. Ckvemans\ Gsd If¦s¸Sp¯pIbpw AXnsâ {]XnOmb XIÀ¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ A]Izhpw hnthIclnXhpamb A¯cw {]hÀ¯\§fnteÀs¸Sp¶ Häs¸« Nnesc A§n§mbn ImWm³ Igntª¡pw. apkvenw \mSpIfn A¯cw `oIc{]hÀ¯\§fpw Xo{hhmZNn´Ifpw hfÀ¶phcm³ ImcWw, AhnS§fnse GIm[n]XyþtkzOm[n]Xy `cWIqS§fpw AhbpsS sImSnb Xn·IfpamWv. P\m[n]Xy]chpw kam[m\]chpamb amÀK§fneqsS P\m`nemj§sf {]Xn\n[oIcn¡p¶ `cWIqS§Ä Øm]n¡m\pw hyhØmamä¯n\pambn Ignª \nch[n ]XnämWvSpIfnembn \S¯nt¸m¶ {ia§Ä km{amPy iànIfpsS CSs]SÂImcWw ]cmPbaSªXn\m £asI« Hcp]äw sNdp¸¡mÀ Xo{hhmZkao]\w kzoIcn¡pIbmWpWvSmbXv. apkvenw \yq\]£ {]tZi§fn `qcn]£t¯msSm¸w `cWIqShpw tNÀ¶v \S¯p¶ sImSpw`oIchr¯nIfmWv Nne sNdp¸¡msc Xpey\nebn {]XnIcn¡m³ t{]cn¸n¡p¶Xv. XoÀ¯pw Häs¸« C¯cw kw`h§sf s]cp¸n¨pImWn¨mWv XÂ]c I£nIÄ Ckvemans\Xnsc `oIcXbpw Xo{hhmZhpw Btcm]n¡p¶Xv.

Ckvemw FÃmhn[ `oIcX¡pw FXncmWvþ hyànIfpsSbpw kwLSnX {]Øm\§fpsSbpw `cWIqS§fpsSbpw sFIycmjv{Sk`bpsSbpw. `oIcXsbbpw Xo{hhmZs¯bpw AXv XoÀ¯pw \ncmIcn¡pIbpw iànbmbn FXnÀ¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. \nc]cm[nIfpsS acW¯n\pw kz¯p\mi¯n\pw CShcp¯p¶ `oIc{]hÀ¯\§Ä aXhncp²amWv. AImcWambn Hcmsf h[n¡p¶Xv apgph³ a\pjyscbpw h[n¡p¶Xpt]msebpw, HcmÄ¡p Poht\Ip¶Xv apgph³ a\pjyÀ¡pw PohnXtaIp¶Xpt]msebpamsW¶v JpÀB³ AkµnKv[ambn hyàam¡p¶p.(5: 32) AXn\m bYmÀY hnizmknIÄ¡v Hcn¡epw Xo{hhmZnItfm `oIc{]hÀ¯Itcm BhpI km[yaÃ. AtXmsSm¸w temIsa§pw apkvenwIÄ `oIc{]hÀ¯IcmsW¶Xv Atacn¡bpsSbpw Iq«mfnIfpsSbpw AhbpsS saKt^mWpIfmIm³ hn[n¡s¸« ]uckvXy\mSpIfpsS ASnbmfkaql§fpsSbpw {]NmcWw am{XamsW¶ hkvXpX hnkvacn¡mhXÃ.(hniZamb ]T\¯n\v sF.]n.F¨v {]kn²oIcn¨ "`oIchmZhpw Ckvemapw', "JpÀBsâ bp²kao]\w' F¶o IrXnIÄ ImWpI.)

bpànhmZnIfpsS Nne tNmZy§Ä a\pjysâ PohnXhyhØ a\pjy\tà \nÀant¡WvSXv? ""F´ns\¡pdn¨v ]dbpt¼mgpw ]ctemIs¯¸än kwkmcn¡p¶ aX¯n\v F§s\bmWv `qanbn \oXnbpw \·bpw Øm]n¡m³ km[n¡pI? ChnsS Pohn¡p¶ a\pjysâ Imcyw t\mt¡WvSXv Ah³ Xs¶btÃ?'' CXv Nne auenI {]iv\§fpambn _Ôs¸«XmWv. kXyw, AkXyw, \oXn, A\oXn, \ymbw, A\ymbw, {Iaw, A{Iaw, \·, Xn·, icn, sXäv, [Àaw, A[Àaw t]mepÅh F´mWv? BcmWv Ah \nÝbnt¡WvSXv? a\pjycmtWm? BsW¦n AhcnemcmWv? Hmtcmcp¯cpamtWm? F¦n Adp\qdp tImSn a\pjycptSXpw hyXykvX§fpw ]ckv]c hncp²§fpamhntÃ? Hmtcmcp¯cpw X§Ä¡p tXm¶nb t]mse Xmt´m¶nIfmbn Pohn¡Wsa¶tà AXn\ÀYw? kaqlamtWm AXv Xocpam\nt¡WvSXv? F¦n kaql¯n BcmWv? `qcn]£amtWm? A§s\sb¦n `qcn]£w aXhnizmknIfmbXn\m Ahctà AXv \nÝbnt¡WvSXv? AYhm, alm`qcn]£w AÔhnizmknIfmsW¦n Ahcpw? `cWm[nImcnIfmtWm Xocpam\nt¡WvSXv? F¦n GIm[n]Xy, kÀhm[n]Xy, tkzOm[n]Xy, cmPm[n]Xy hyhØbn A[nImcw ssIbmfp¶hcpsS COIfpw XmÂ]cy§fpatà kXy¯nsâbpw \oXnbpsSbpw cq]aWnbpI? P\m[n]Xy `cWIqSamsW¦n `qcn]£¯nsâ {]Xn\n[nIfpsS XmÂ]cyhpw apXemfn¯ hyhØbnse kXyhpw \oXnbpw \ymbhpw \·bpw Xs¶bmbncn¡ptam tkmjyenÌv hyhØbnteXpw? `uXnI ZÀi\§fpw {]Xybimkv{X§fpw ]dbp¶t]mse kmaqlnI kmlNcy§fpsSbpw km¼¯nI LS\bpsSbpw krjvSnbmWv aqey§sf¦n B hn[apÅ aqey§Ä F´pXs¶bmbmepw Ah AwKoIcn¡m³ Ghcpw _m[yØcmhpIbntÃ? kmaqlnImhØbpsSbpw km¼¯nI hyhØbpsSbpw A\nhmcyXbmbn h¶ptNcp¶h Fs´ms¡bmbmepw Ahsb kln¡pIbÃmsX \nÀhmlansöv hcntÃ? ]ns¶ Ahbvs¡Xnsc ]cmXn ]dbp¶Xn AÀYaptWvSm? aqey§Ä \nÝbn¡m\pÅ AhImiw a\pjy¶msW¶v AwKoIcn¡pIbmsW¦n AXn sshbànIhpw IpSpw_]chpw PmXobhpw tZiobhpw {]mtZinIhpw aäpamb XmÂ]cy§Ä {]ISamhpI kzm`mhnIhpw A\nhmcyhpas{X. AXn\m FÃm Imes¯bpw {]tZis¯bpw apgph³ a\pjyscbpw Hcpt]mse ImWm³ Ignbp¶ FÃmhcpsSbpw {kjvSmhmb ssZh¯n\p am{Xta bYmÀYamb \oXnbpw

A\oXnbpw \·bpw Xn·bpw sXäpw icnbpw [Àahpw A[Àahpw \ymbhpw A\ymbhpw \nÝbn¡m³ km[n¡pIbpÅq. Ckvemw a\pjycminbpsS ap¼n kaÀ¸n¡p¶ ssZht{]màamb aqey§Ä FÃmhtcmSpw Htct]mse \oXn sN¿p¶ kmÀhP\o\hpw ImemXoXhpamhm\pÅ ImcWhpw AXpXs¶. ]ns¶, `qanbn BÀ F{X {ian¨mepw \njvIrjvSamb \oXn \S¸nem¡pI km[yaÃm¯Xn\memWv AXv km[yamhp¶ ]ctemIw A\nhmcyamIp¶Xv. Hcmsf h[n¨m \oXn \S¯pt¼mÄ ]camh[n km[yamhpI sImebmfnsb h[n¡emWtÃm. A§s\ LmXIsâ IY Ign¨XpsImWvSv sImÃs¸«hsâ hn[hbv¡v `À¯mhns\bpw A\mYcmhp¶ a¡Ä¡v ]nXmhns\bpw Xncn¨pIn«pIbnÃtÃm. h[n¡s¸«h³ Ccp]XpImcnbpsS `À¯mhpw \mep a¡fpsS ]nXmhpw sImebmfn ap¸¯©pImcnbpsS `À¯mhpw cWvSp a¡fpÅh\pamsW¦n Ccp]XpImcn, hn[hbpw \mep a¡Ä A\mYcpamIp¶Xn\p]Icw ap¸¯©pImcn hn[hbpw cWvSp a¡Ä A\mYcpamIp¶Xv Hcn¡epw \oXnbmhpIbnÃ. AXn\m `qanbnse in£m \nba§Ä ChnsS kam[m\w Øm]n¡m\pÅ D]m[n am{XamWv. \njvIrjvShpw IWnihpamb \oXn ChnsS km[yaÃ. AXv acWtijw adptemI¯mWv. ChnsS aµ_p²nIfpw {]Xn`mimenIfpw tcmKnIfpw BtcmKyhm·mcpw hnIemwKcpw ]qÀWImbcpw iàcpw ZpÀ_ecpw ]W¡mcpw ]mh§fpsaÃmapWvSv. acWt¯msS PohnXw Ahkm\n¡psa¦n Cu LS\ XoÀ¯pw A\oXn]chpw AXn{Iahpw A\ymbhpas{X. Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw \ÂIs¸« Ignhpw km[yXbpa\pkcn¨v _m[yXIÄ \nÝbn¡s¸SpIbpw AhbpsS ]qÀ¯oIcWþ ewL\a\pkcn¨v acWtijw c£mþin£If\p`hn¡pIbpamsW¦n am{Xta CXv \oXnbpw \ymbhpamhpIbpÅq. ssZhw acWm\´c PohnXhpw ChnSs¯ IÀaa\pkcn¨v AhnsS c£min£Ifpw \nÝbn¡m\pÅ ImcWhpw AXpXs¶.

{lkzPohnX¯n\v imizX c£min£Itfm? ""ChnSs¯ Adp]tXm Fgp]tXm sImÃs¯ PohnX¯nse {]hÀ¯\§fpsS t]cn imizXamb c£tbm in£tbm \ÂIp¶Xv \oXnbmtWm? ssZhw Xosc \oXnam\sötà CXp Xs¶ sXfnbn¡p¶Xv?'' IÀa§fpsS kabhpw AhbpsS ^ehpw X½n Hcp _ÔhpanÃ. Hcmsf sImÃm³ GXm\pw \nanjw aXn. AXnsâ ^etam? AXnZoÀLhpw AXy´w KpcpXchpw. Hcp t_mw_v hÀjn¡m³ Hcp \nanjw aXn. AXnsâ {]XymLmXtam? e£§sftbm tImSnIsftbm ]XnämWvSpItfm \qämWvSpItfm \oWvSp\n¡pwhn[w _m[n¡p¶p. CâÀhyq thfbnse tNmZy¯n\pw D¯c¯n\pw \nanj§tf BhiyapÅq. AtXkabw AXnsâ ^ew PohnXmhkm\w hsc XpScp¶p. ]co£bpsSbpw AXnsâ ^e¯nsâbpw ØnXnbpw CXpXs¶. HcmfpsS PohnXm´yt¯msS AbmfpsS IÀa^e§Ä `qanbnÂXs¶ XocpIbnÃ. HcmÄ D¶X hnZymebw Øm]n¡pIbmsW¦n AXnsâ kZv^ew B Øm]\w \ne\n¡pthmfw XpScp¶p. AhnsS\n¶v ]Tn¡p¶hÀ Bscms¡bmtWm AhÀ¡pw AhcnÂ\n¶v ]Tn¡p¶hÀ¡pw ]n¶oSv AhcnÂ\n¶v ]Tn¡p¶hÀ¡pw A§s\ F®nbmsemSp§m¯ A{Xbpw t]À¡v e`n¡p¶ \·bpsSbpw t\«¯nsâbpw kZv^ew hnZymebw Øm]n¨ hyàn¡v e`n¡p¶p. Hcp Xn· BscsbÃmw kzm[o\n¡p¶pthm AhcpsSbpw AhcneqsS kzm[o\n¡s¸Sp¶hcneqsSbpw ]n¶oSv kzm[o\n¡s¸«hcm kzm[o\n¡s¸Sp¶hcpsSbpsaÃmw Xn·IfpsS Zpjv^ehpw XpS¡¡mc\nte¡v sNs¶¯p¶p. lntcmjnabnepw \mKkm¡nbnepw t_mw_v hÀjn¨Xv Npcp§nb kabwsImWvSmWv. AXv krjvSn¨ Zpc´tam? C¶pw Ahncmaw XpScp¶p. ImessZÀLytam Bbpknsâ \oftam \Ãhs\ sImÅcpXm¯ht\m \oNs\ DÂIrjvSt\m B¡pIbnÃ. AXn\m IÀa§Äs¡Sp¡p¶ kabhpw IÀa^ehpw X½n Hcp _ÔhpanÃ. a\pjy³ acn¨mepw Ahsâ IÀa^ew Ahncmaw XpScpw.

IÀaw \·bmsW¦n kZv^ehpw, Xn·bmsW¦n Zpjv^ehpw. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ BcpsS IÀa^ehpw AhcpsS PohnXIme¯v Xn«s¸Sp¯pI km[yaÃ. hnNmcWbpw hn[nbpw c£min£Ifpw `qanbnÂh¨v kw`hn¡mXncn¡m\pÅ ImcWhpw AXpXs¶. At¸mÄ ]ctemI¯nse imizXamb c£min£IÄ¡v `qanbnse PohnXImew Xs¶ [mcmfw. ]ns¶ ssZh\nÝbhpw Ahsâ Xocpam\§fpsS bpànbpw \ymbhpw \oXnbpsams¡ Ah³ hniZoIcn¨pXcmsX \ap¡v a\ÊnemIWsa¦n \mw ssZhs¯t¸msetbm Aht\¡mÄ Ignhpähtcm BIWatÃm. kÀhià\pw kÀhÚ\pamb ssZh¯nsâ IÀa§Ä F´psImWvSv A§s\bmbn F¶v Ah³ \ÂInb AÂ]Úm\hpw bpànbpwsImWvSv \ap¡v a\ÊnemhWsa¶nÃ. \½psS sshÚm\nIcwKw F{Xsbms¡ hfcpIbpw hnIkn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«psWvS¦nepw Adp\qdp tImSn a\pjyÀ¡v Adnhpw t_m[hpw bpànbpw \ÂInb ssZh¯nsâ Adnhns\ At]£n¨v AXv C¶pw XoÀ¯pw AKWyas{X. AXp]tbmKn¨v {kjvSmhnsâ krjvSnbnse \ymbhpw \oXnbpw tXSp¶Xv \ncÀYIamWv. {]Xn`mimenIfpsS IÀa§fpsS bpànbpw \ymbhpw kmam\y _p²nIÄ¡v a\ÊnemhpIbnÃtÃm; kmam\y_p²nIfptSXv aµ_p²nIÄ¡pw.

AhbhZm\w: CkvemanI ImgvN¸mSv ""Ckvemw Ahbh Zm\s¯ A\pIqen¡mXncn¡m³ ImcWsa´mWv? ssZh¯nsâ krjvSn¸n amäw hcp¯embXn\memtWm?'' Ahbh Zm\s¯ Ckvemw A\pIqen¡p¶nsö [mcW icnbÃ. Pohn¨ncns¡ hr¡t]mse H¶ne[nIapÅXpw H¶p Zm\w sNbvXmepw Poh³ \ne\nÀ¯m³ km[n¡p¶Xpamb Ahbhw Zm\w sN¿p¶Xns\ Ckvemw Hcp \ne¡pw hne¡p¶nÃ. A{]Imcw Xs¶ acWs¸« BfpsS Ahbhw Pohn¨ncn¡p¶hÀ¡v Bhiyambn hcnIbmsW¦n A\´cmhIminIfpsS A\phmZt¯msS amänhbv¡p¶Xns\bpw Ckvemw hne¡p¶nÃ. cWvSpw sshZyimkv{X¯nsâ \qX\ kn²nIsf¶ \nebn Ahsb ]T\hnt[bam¡nb B[p\nI CkvemanI ]ÞnX·mÀ A\pIqen¡pIbmWpWvSmbXv. Ahbh§Ä hn¡p¶Xns\bpw A\´cmhIminIfpsS A\phmZanÃmsX arXicoc¯nse Ahbh§sfSp¡p¶Xns\bpamWv Ckvemw hne¡p¶Xv. Ckvemans\t¸mse¯s¶ B[p\nI temIs¯ FÃm cmPy¯pw CXp cWvSpw \nbahncp²amWv