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 a .`4:.<\64:.<7:.0/>= 78=?2F48B L>B C 7:. = 2,25L 8.0] =( J5.0] =?254 \ CF13487$^ 96.N25L 8.0] =?7 1;/ =:96. \ CY134:7 CF48.`=:96. 25L 8 .0]<=:7 13/ =?96. $ ". ]048.SCY=:., 254=?96. @62K]0EMN.1;=?9 CF/ 25L 8 .<]<= 137%]<25/67=?4:E]<=?.<@O 4825M =?9. 25L 8.<]<=:7 G313/cF.0@N=?2 =?9.25L 8.<]<= 9.  .<13I59>=?7 25/ =?96.25L 8.0] =?7 1;/ =?96.J5.0] =?254CY4:.=?CFcF.=?7 2F/N=?9.G;13/6ce70ZKCF7]SCYG3]0EG CY=:.0@`E67:1;/6I =:96.48.0781378=?CF/6]<. =:.0]f96/61+eG E6.13/ .<]<=?1;25/C E E T a . ]SCFG;GCF/ 25L 8.<]<=( J5.<]<=?2F4 \ CF1;4 C ]<.0/>=?.<4$ #H1;I5E64:. TUMNCSB 9.0G3\ ]0G CY4:1+ B =:96. ]<25/678=:4:E6] =?1;25/ 2C J5.<]<=?2F4 \ CF1;4:.<@ 1;=:9 CF/ 25L 8.0] =  96.R/2@6.<7 1;/ =:96. ]f9 CY48= CY4:.Q25L 8 .0] =?7=?7 =?2R=?9. 25L 8.<]<= 2,=!BK\ . /25E6/648E6/I  1;=:9 =?9.NJYCFG3E.N2 \G CF/  a . L6E13G3@ =?96.`J5.<]<=?2F4 254=?96. ]<.0/>=?.<4 1;=:9U2FL 8 .0] =/62FE6/64:E/ \G CF/QE67:1;/6I =?96.]02F/6/6.0] =?.<@R25L 8 .<]<=?7

 a . 96C JF. ]<134:]=?.<4:7  254C 78=:2548BFZ"  .,]SCFG;G   C]0.0/>=:.04$H  96.,25L 8 .<]<=)CY7:7:2K]013CY=?.<@ 1;=:9  6137 @6.0/2F=?.<@ CF7     
Z5CF/6@ =?9. J5.<]<=:254\ CF1348.0@   1O=?9R=?9. 25L 8 .0] =137    
  #H1;I5E648. I51OJ5.07C I54:CF\6961;]SCFG$4:.<\64:.<7:.=:7$  !/ =?96./C I5E4:.FZN 96.0/.<J5.<4CB" 254:@ 254/eE6M L .<4 C .=fCY=:1325/[Z  .CSJF.04?CYI5. =?9. "  .013IF9e=:7 25/N=?96. 4:.= 13/ =?9.. CFM`\6G;.7=?254813.07 CF/6@N]04:.0CY=?. =?96. J5.<]<=?2F4:7 CF7 CFL 2 J5.  2 ]025M`\ CF48. =:96. 4:.0\4:.078.0/>=fC =?132F/ 2 C 78=:2548B =:2 =:9 CY="2 C=?25\61;]FZeG3. =  CY/6@  L .=?96.7:.<=:7 2H ]0.0/>=:.04:7 ]02F/678=:4:E6] =?.0@P 254,=?96.=?2F\613]CF/@Q=:96. 7=?254B5Z 48.07:\ .0] =?1OJ5.0GOB

 # 2F4 .SCF]f9   Z ]025M`\ CF48. 1;=:7%J5.0] =?254
 .<13I59>=2H =:96. ]<.0/>=?.<40Z Q    ,CFG3]<E6G C =?.%=?96. 7:1;MN1;G CF481;=!BN2H =:96. ]0.0/>=:.0425L 8 .0]<=:7     
CF/@      
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Vector

Center object vector

center 3 center 4

Object

object 1

weight 1 4

object 2

weight 2 2.5

object 3

weight 3 3

object 4

weight 4 1

object k

weight k 2.5

type PERSON center n

val

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137 =:96. /eE6M L .04 2 ]0.=?.0487 13/

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137 =:96. /eE6M L .04 2J5.<]<=:254:7 13/

  # 254. J5.<48B ]<.0/>=?.<4 1;/



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 #H13IFE64:.C 7:962 7

ZL". ]025M`\6E=:. =?96.<134]<.0/>=?.<4

7:1;MN1;G CF481;=!B E67:1;/6IR]07813M CF/6@b7=?2548. =?9. JYCFG3E6.N13/ CQ=fCFL6G;.Qa . =:96.0/ 78.0G;.0]<= =?96. MNC

 ]07813M 7:]<254:.7 254 .SCF]f9 ]0.=?.04 1;/   !/ =?96. C IFE64:.YZ)=:9 CY= M`.SCF/7 =fCFce13/IR=?96. N M C  13/ .SCY]f9 482 / a . 9 CSJ5. ]01;4:]0G;.0@^=?96. M C#Q7:]02F4:.0713/^=?96. C I5E648. 2Y=?13]<.%=?9 CY= =?9137CFG3G;2#  7M`254:.=?96CF/ 25/. ]0.=?.04 1;/  =?2RL . \ CY134:.<@I1;=:9b25/6. ]0.0/>=:.04 13/        !  137 =?96.=!13789Q=:2`C JF.04:CFI5.      !     1;=:9      !    3    4 6  :6 A$9B4 M  4>; 



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 96.MN. =?962K@67: .9 CSJ5.@6.<JF.0G32F\ .<@ 4:. GKE134:. M`254:.]02FMN\6E=fCY=:1325/ =?96CF/N=:96. =:4?CF@1;=?1;25/ CFGK=?.<]f9 /61+GKE.07$  9eE67" . CF4:. ]02F/6]0.<4:/6.<@R/62F=25/6GOB   1;=:9Q=:96.GeE CFG;1;=!B 2H=?9. 48.07:EG;=?7
 .SCY7:13L13G31O=!B 2H4:E6//613/6I`=?96. CFG;I5254:1O=?96M 25/ G3CF4:IF. CYMN25E/e=:7213/E 2F4:MNCY=?1;25/ !/U=?9137 7:.0] =?1;25/ ".! 13G3GK@61;7:]0E7:7D=?9.,. K`]01;.0/6] B 2 =:96.CFG3IF254:1O=?96M`7J 254H\ .04- 254:M`13/6I.K=?4:CF]<=:1325/ CY/6@ =?4:CF]fce13/6I 

 3<. 1D 3 5 !'

 96.`@ CY=?CQ78.<=/ ."254:cY.0@I1O=?9* 254%.<JYCFG;E CY=?1;25/ CFG;4:.SCY@B 9 CF@ 78=:25\6\61;/6I6Z 78=:.0M`MN1;/6I6Z\ CY48=( 2  7:\ .0.0]f9 =fCFIFI513/6IZ)CF/6@ / CFM`.0@ .0/>=?1O=!Bb.K=:4?CF] =?132F/ \ .04- 254:M`.0@ 25/ 1;=$ 2 ".<JF.040ZCY7 =?961;7

137%/2F= CFG+ CSB7%=:96.N]0CF7:.YZ&".,13G;GD@61378]0E6787 =:96. . K`]01;.0/6] B 2,\ .04- 254:M`13/I =?96.<7:.`=fCF78cK7  # 254 .SCY]f9 2[=?9.07:.=fCF78cK7
=fCYI5I513/I ]SCF/ L . @62F/6.N2F/ C^78=:2548BR13/ =?1;MN. G;13/6.0CF4=?2 =:96.N/eE6M L .<4 2 "  254:@7 1;/ =:96. 78=:2548B  96. .K=?4:CF]<=:1325/^7B7=?.<M ]SCF/QE67:. CF/>B / CYMN.<@!.
Q

Story d

Story c csim

c1

c2

c3

c4

c5

c6

d1

0.3

0.5

0

0

0.1

0

d2

0.4

0

0

0.25

0

0.1

d3

0.6

0

0

0.5

0.1

0

d4

0.1

0

0

0.1

0.2

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d5

0

0.3

0.4

0

0

0.1

d6

0

0.1

0.1

0.2

0

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=?2=?9." 2548M C =@6.<JF.0G;25\ .<@ 1;/`=:96. P .0787?CFI5./6@.04:7=fCF/@613/6I  25/E .<4:.0/]0.a .9 CSJ5.78E6]0]<.0787-

 E6G;G;BNE67:.<@ L 2F=?9QA,A,  7 / CFM`.0@ !.0/>=:1;=!B 48.0]<25I5/61;d0.04 CF/@Q2F/6.@6.<JF.0G32F\ .<@RCY= PRCF7:7  #H13/@613/6I/62FE6/64:E/67 1;/`=:.K = 1;7C 7813M`\6G3. =fCY7:c 25/6]<."".96C JF.=:96.\6CF48=-!2  7:\ .0.0]f9`=fCFIFI513/6I 13/ 254:MNCY=?1;25/`13/6]
 . E678. 96.<4:.YZ CF71;= 1;7C`7=?4?CY13I59>=0 2F4(  CF4:@ =fCY7:c  a .,  482F=?.`25E64%2  / ]<2@. =:2^\ .<4( 2548M =?96. 7813M`\6G3. ]<254:. .048.0/6]<. 4:.<7:25G;E=?1;25/R=?.<]f96/61+KG E.07 ".`@137:]<E67:[email protected]:G;13.<4$ E64%]<2@.`@2.<7 \4:25/62FE6/ ]<254:. .048.0/6]<.N48.07:2FG3E=:1325/ 1;/ C 7813/6I5G;. \ CF787 2 =?96. 78=:2548B  7=?96. ]02K@6. \64:25IF4:.0787:.<7=?94:25E6IF9U=?9. 7=?254B5Z 1;=4:.<MN.<M L .04:7=?9. G3CF78= \ .04:7825/ CF/6@ 254:I>CY/613d0CY=?1;25/^7:.0.=?.<4:7%CN7:13/I5E6G CY4 \4:25/62FE6/[Z 1;=M CF48ce7 =?9. \64825/625E6/P  1;=?9Q=?96. \64:. JK1325E67\ .<4:7825/  a 96.0/ 1O="6C /6@67%C`\6G3E64:CFG \64:2F/625E6/U1;=M CF48ce7=?9. \64825/625E6/<  1;=:9 =?96.\648.<JK1325E7 2F4:I>CF/13dSC =?132F/   96. 7:E6L78=?4813/6IQM`.<=?92@ 2"  ]02F4:.  .<4:.


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 2548@670Z7:2 =?961;7 CFG;I5254:1O=?96M 789625E6G;@ CY= "  254878= MN1;7:7C, . (\ 25787:1;L6G3.%48.07:2FG3E=:1325/67 

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137"]0G;257:. =?2 =:96.G;.0/6IF=:9

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96.048.
31 7 =?96. /eE6M L .042=?25\61;]07
 =?96.`78=:254:1;.07 13/ =?96. =?25\13]`CF/6@ =?96.`78=:2548B L .013/I ]02FMN\ CY4:.0@L  96.N=:13M`.M 254%=?96.I%8]<.0/>=?.<4:70' CYG3I525481;=:96M 1;7 
  ( ? Z   96.<4:. 1;7 =:96. CSJF.04?CYI5. /eE6M L .042"2FL 8.0] =?7CF/R2FL 8.0] =13748.0G3CY=?.<@R=?2> 254=?9. ]025//6.0] =?1;JK1O=!B 2)  =:96. /62K@6.  CF/6@  1;7 =?9. /eE6M L .042D25L 8 .0]<=:7, 2F4  .0CY=?E4:.07   Q1;71;/ E6.B 

  
 CY7 

  
I54:2  7B =?96.UMN. =?962K@ 2  $% ]048.SCY=:1325/ E67:.<@    

  
137 G3CF4:IF.FZ>=?96.  ]<25E6G3@ L .]0E6L61;]0GOBN48.0G3CY=?.<@ =?2 =:96.G;.0/6IY=?967"2 =?96.78=?2F4:13.<7$D !/ 2F4:@6.<4 =?2 4:E6/N=?96. 8% ]0.= 2[ =?1;MN.YZ "  ./6.<.0@ =:2" 254:c, 1;=:9 C 7:MNCFG3G    

 . =:=:13/6I . ` K ]<13.0/>= \ .<4( 2548M CY/6]0.F 254R=:96. % ]0.0/>=:.04:7(' CFG;I525481;=?9M 48.$eG E61348.07 J5.<48B eG E613]fc G32K25ceE6\ 2 JYCFG3E.07$ # 254N=?96. 25\ .04:CY=?1;25/67"  . 9 CSJ5. =?2 \ .<4( 2548MUZ 1;= 137 7:1;MN\G3.07= =?2 7=?2548. 78=:254:1;.07^CF/@ =?25\61;]07 1;/ 7:.0\6CF4?CY=:. C G3.<7$  E64:1;/6I Cb=?4:CF]fce13/6I 48E6/[ZCFG3G 2  =?96. =:25\613]<7 CF48. [email protected]@ 13/>=?2 M`.0M`2548B)  K=:254:1;.07 CF48.=?9.0/ [email protected]@ 2F/6.%CY=C =:13M`. =:2 L .]025M`\ CF48.0@ =?2 =:25\61;]07$

2F4:MNCFG31;dSCY=:1325/U2

 78]02548.07 137%\ .04- 254:M`.0@ C =:.04=?9. =:4?CF]fce1;/6IU48E6/ 137%]<25MN\G3.<=:.0@[Z L6E= =?CFcF.<7 J5.<48B^G;1;=:=:G3. =?13M`.
 



  
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 4:2FM ]0G;257:.<@!]0CF\=?1;25/6.<@^=:.K=2H/. 7 L64:2>CY@6]SCF7=?7 2 A Z ,  Z CF/6@Q   a .=:4?CF]fc  =?2F\613]<72 J5.<4=?96. 7:.<=2)  78=:254:1;.07$  96. /eE6M L .042 =?4:CF13/61;/6I`78=?2F4:13.<7\ .04=:25\61;]FZ Z_1;778.<=C =  25E64 D a .1;I5/62548.0@ =?96.%=:25\613]<7! 1;=:9UG;.07:7,=:9 CF/< 25E64 25/  =?2F\613]%7=?254813.07 1;/ =?96.7:. = K   

A

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a .Uce/62  =?9.UE6/@6.048G;BK13/6I @61;78=?4813L6E=?132F/ 2%25/ Y2)N =?25\61;] 78=?CY=?E67 254`CFG;G 78=?2F4:13.<7B 2F4`.0CF]f9

=?2F\613]`13/ 25E64 .<JYCFG;E CY=?1;25/ 7:.<=$ a .`]SCF/ @62U=:96137 L>B M`.SCY7:E64813/6I^=?96.B CFG378. CYG CF48M 4?CY=:. CY/6@ M`137:74:CY=?. 

 CFG378.`CFG CF48M 2K]0]<E64:7 96.0/ CQ7B7=?.<M 48.0\ 2548=:7 CQ78=:2548B CF725/  =?2F\613]M96.B =?9. /eE6M L .04 2  25/  =?2F\613]`78=:254:1;.07$  96.  2F4:M E6G3CF7/ 254 =?9. .0484:254 4:CY=?.<7  254C`IF1;J5.=?7 CF7 =:2   96.<=:96.04 CY/ 78=?2F48Bb1;7 25/ =?25\13] 2F4 2)  =:25\613]  !/678=:.SCF@_Z " . 25E=?\E=C /eE6M L .04 =:96.9613IF96.04 =?9. /eE6M L .<40Z =?96.M`254:.%]<.04=fCF1;/1" . Q

CF48.=?9 C =,=?96.%7=?254B 1;7,25/ =?25\13]%/ 2F4:@6.<4 =?2 ]<25/>J5.04=C /KEM L .<4,13/>=:2 C 78=?4813] =,25/ =?25\13]2F4

2)  := 25\613]!8E6@6IFMN.
". ]f9622F7:. C) .0] =?7=?9. CFG378. CFG3CF4:M CF/@R=?96. M`137874?C =?.  13I596.<4=:964:.<7:9625G;@67%]SCY/ @6.0]<4:.SCY7:. =?9.  CFG378. CFG3CF4:M'4:CY=?.,LE=)1;=&13G;G1;/6]048.SCF78. =?96. M`13787H4:CY=?. a .!C /6@ 1;[email protected]:CFL6G3.=?2%]<25/678=:4:E6] = C I54?CY\69^2  CYG37:.CYG CF48M CF/@UM`13787,4?CY=:.072 J5.<4CFG;G =:964:.<7:9625G;@67$) 961;7!,CSBFZ ".]SCF/Q13G;G3E67=?4:CY=?. =?9.=:4?CF@.02) L .<="  .0.
 Z Q   : 254C M`254:.=?96254825E6I59^@6.<7:]<4:13\=?132F/Q2H )*]0E64J5.07   96.  \64825I54:CFME678.07") ]0E48J5.<7,CF7C%78=?CF/6@ CY4:@`.<JYCFG3E6CY=?1;25/ =?2K25G  ) ]<E648JF.07 \G CF]<.  CFG;7:. CFG CY4:M \4:25L CYL613G;1;=!B CYG325/6I =:96./ ! C  137 CF/6@UMN1;7:7\64:2FL CFL61;G31;=!B CFG;25/6I =?96.B  C  1;7$, 71;/  P CF48=:13/  

 Z Q    f Z13/67=?.SCY@ 25CE 13/6I =?9.%7:]SCYG3.%CFG;25/6I =:96.C  .07,=:2 =:96.%E6/61O=?7,2H \64825L C  L61;G31;=!BFZ"  .E678. =:96./254:MNCFG6@6. JK1 CY=:.072_ =:96.\4:25L CYL613G;1;=?1;.07$=?2/CE =?96. 7:]0CFG3.D  961;7"@62K.07C .  =?913/6I57 =?2 =:96. )&]0E48J5.<7$  #H1;4:7=SZ 1+D =:96. @61;78=?4813L6E=?132F/672) 7:]<254:.<7%I51;JF.0/ =:2 25/ =?25\61;] CY/6@ 2)  =:25\613] 78=:254:1;.07CF48. 4:.= .<]025/6@_Z =?9137D7=?4:. =?]f96.<7"2FE=D=?9. G32

 .<4D.0/@67)2 =?96. I54:CF\69   96137.=:.04:.<78=:.0@ 1;/N=?9.78BK7=?.0M \ .04( 2F4:MNCF/6]0.CF]048257:7"M CY/eB =:25\61;]07$   9.04:.CF4:.=  2 ]025M`MN2F/  C BK7 =?2 ]<25/67=?4:E]<=QC ) ]<E648JF.> 254 M E6GO=?1;\6G3.^=?25\13]07  MNCF]<4:2 CSJ5.<4?CFI51;/6I CF/6@ \ 2K25G3.<@ CSJ5.<4?CFI51;/6I # 254 C I51OJ5.0/b=:964:.<7:962FG3@[ZH=:96. ="  2 MN. =?962K@67 ]<25/67=?4:E]<=, CFG;7:. CYG CF48M CF/6@ M`137:7 4?C =?.07 CF7  25G;G32   7 PRCF]<4:2 

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    CFG378.CFG CF48M 
   /KEM L .<42H=:25\613]<7 13/^ MN1;7:7
  /eE6M L .< 4  2  =:25\613]<713/ 




$

TFV

H2K25G 

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   /KEM L <. 42)N =?25\13] 8E6@I5.0@Q25/ =?25\61;]  254,=?2F\613]
   /eE6M L .042)  =?2F\613]D 2F4,=?25\61;]
   /eE6M L .<4 2F/  =:25\613] 8E6@6I5.<@U2)  =:25\61;]D 254 =?25\13]
M`137:7       /eE6M L .<4 2F/  =:25\613]  254,=?25\13]
96.<4:. 1;7=:96.78.<= 2_=:25\613]<7$)PRCY]04:2 CSJ5.04:CFI51;/6I I51OJ5.<7 $. GeE CYNG ".01;I59>="=:2 .<JF.04BN=:25\613]YZ 913G3. \ 225G;.0@QCSJ5.<4?CFI51;/6I IF1;J5.M`254: . ".01;I59>==:2N=?2F\613]<@ 7 1O=?9QG CF48I5.04/eE6M L .04872 D25/  =?25\13]78=:254:1;.0$7  !/ =?9..<JYCFG;E CY=:1325/[Z ". 13G;G 2F/6G;B E678.\ 225G;.0@ C JF.04:CFI513/I CF7 =:96.]02K@6" .  254 MNCF]0482 CSJ5.<4?CFIF13/6I6Z M`.SCF/61;/6I =?96CY= G CF48I5.=?2F\613]=?.<@ 

 CFG378.CFG CY4:M
  

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D>143 3<9E.

? !@3
a .RCF48.RCFG;7:2 1;/>=?.048.07=?.0@ 1;/   96. =?96.<4 ="2 78BK78=:.0M`7 I51;JF. 7813M`13G CY4 CF/67- .<4:7$*a .113G3GE678.

7:]0CY=:=:.04\6G;2F=?7%=?2 JK1378E CFG;G;BU13/>J5.<78=?1;I>CY=:.`]<254:48.0G3CY=?1;25/ 2"7:]02F4:.07 CFM`25/6I 78BK7=?.0M`7$N  "  .`\6G32F= .<JF.04B8E6@I5MN.==?9. 78BK7=?.0M`7MNCFcF.  52 4=?96. .<JYCFG3E6CY=?1;25/^7:.<=D . CF4:. E67:1;/6I6Z C 7:]0CY=:=:.04\6G32F=

"25E6G3@^9 CSJF. ]=?7 !/Q2F4:@6.<4=:2 4:.0@E6]0.=?96.%/eE6M L .<4 2H\ 2513/>=:7 25/ =?9. \G32F=:70Z "  ."1;G3G4:CF/6@62FMNGOB 7?CYMN\6G;. CF\6\4:213MNCY=?.=?CFI5. 225/ =?25\13] 7=?254813.<7 L .0]SCYE67:. =:96.048. CF4:. M CF/>BQM`254:. 2)N =?25\13] 78=?2F4:13.<7=?9.0/ 25/ =?25\13] 78=?2F4:13.<7$% :". \64:.<7:.


!/ =?961;778.0] =?132F/B".\4:.078.0/>==?96.4:.<7:E6GO=?72 25E64=?.<78=?7 Da . C 84 78=\648.07:.=,7:2FMN. L CY7:.0G;13/6. =:.078=:7 E67813/6I J5.0] =?25487,CF/@ ]02F7:13/.7813M`13G CY4:1;=!Ba .=?96.=,4:.<7:E6GO=?7"E67:1;/6I =:96.]<.0/>=?.<4:7,M`.<=:962K@

2 ]<25MN\6CF4:1;/6I7=?254813.<7$Ha . @61;7:]<E67:7D=:96. E678.  E6G;/6.07872 JYCF4:1;25E67 .K=?4:CF]<=:1325/ =:.0]f96/1HGeE6.071;/ =?9. ]02F/e=:.K= 2)=?96.'5]<.0/>=?.<4:70'UMN. =?962K@



 # 13/ CFG;G;BFZN".N]<25M`\ CF4:. =:96. %8]<.0/>=?.<4:70'UMN. =?962K@ =?2 =?9.

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 /$ $'.#FK$ H"-# /1')E-)H
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L CF78.0G;13/6.<7$!/UCFG3G 2H2FE64,=?.<78=?7=?4:2F13@^MN. =?962K@^L>B^CSJ5.04:CFI51;/6I

=?9. 48.0\648.078.0/>=fCY=:1325/72$=?9. .CFMN\G3.%78=:254:1;.07  




1K<9 ?5',9 K

a .BC 4878= .CFM`13/6. =:4?CF]fce13/I 4:E/67 \ .04- 254:M`.0@   1;=:9 ]<257:1;/6.N7813M`13G3CF4:1O=!B CY/6@ c CF\61

".013IF9e=:13/6IE #H13IFE64:.






78962 7`=:96. 4:.<7:E6GO=?7, 254 JYCF481325E67 M`.<=:962K@67 2" .SCY=:E64:. 78.0G3.<]<=:1325/

  

 =

137 /62F= 7:E4:\648137:1;/6IU=:9 CY= =?96.NL .<78= \ .<4( 2548MN1;/6IQ78BK78=:.0M 137=?96.N25/6. =?9 CY= E678.07 CFG;G. 2F4:@67 CY7

 .SC =?E648.07$  96.Q2F=?9.04 = 2 G31;/6.07 78962  =?96.7 .0CY=?E648.^7:.0G;.0] =?132F/ E7:13/I / CYMN.<@!.=?1O=?1;.07 CF/6@ /625E6/648E6/67 JF.0487:.07 =?96.NE67:.N2 8E67= /62FE6/64:E/67 1;7 7:2FMN.  9 CY= 7:E648\64:1;7:1;/6I a 9613G;. =?96., .0CY=?E648. 7:.0G;.0] =?132F/  254%L 2F=:9 MNCFcY.`E7:.`2,25/G;BR/25E6/67B =:96. CF]<==?96CY= I54:25E\613/6I 2 /625E/67 137 @1+) .04:.=   =137G31;cF.0GOBN=:9 CY==?9.04:. CF48.L . =:=?.<4M CY=:]f96.072H / CFM`.0@ .0/>=?1O=?1;.07 CF]<4:257877=?254813.<7 =?96CF/U/25E6/648E6/67$  



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". 1;/>J5.07=?1;I>CY=?.96. =?96.<4 =:96.7:1;MN\6G;.]<254:. .04:.=?1O=?13.<7 CF/6@Q/625E/64:E6/7$   .
. =0ZD"  . 1;/>J5.07=?1;I>CY=?. 48.0M`2 J1;/6I 4:.=?E1;=?1OJ5. =?925E6I59>= L .<9613/6@ 4:.<MN2 JK13/I^=:96.0M 1;7=:9 CY= / CFM`.0@ ! .0/>=:1;=?1;.07%78.0.0M M`254:. 1;M \ 2548=?CF/>=%=?2 =?9.`7=?254B  @6@61O=?132F/ CFG3GOB5Z =?96.<4:.,  13G;G L . M E6]f9> . " .0448.0G C =?132F/67:961;\670Z_4:.0@E6]01;/6I T5T

vectors with cosine similarity

Random named entities and nounruns words nounruns

90

Miss probability (in %)

80 60 40 20 10 5 2 1 .01.02 .05 .1 .2

.5 1 2 5 10 20 40 False Alarms probability (in %)

60

80

90

# 13I5E648.   <1H?A',@C9 &B8?>I
    1B8E I?>BD+EJ =?9.`48E6/6/61;/6I =?1;MN. 2,C =:4?CF]fce13/IQ48E6/

 #H1;I5E648.  7:962 7=?9 CY=%=:96.048. 137%G31O=:=:G3. @1+) .04:.=HL6G;E6.%8/2]02548.  .<4:.0/]0. 4:.<7:25G;E=?1;25/'`G31;/6.2)#H1;I5E64:. N1;7 =:96. 7:CFM`. CF7 =?96. \6E648\6G3. 8% / CFM`[email protected]/>=?1O=?1;.07CF/6@R/62FE6/64:E/67 1;=:9b=?4813M`MN1;/6I 'QG313/. 13/ =?961;7C I5E648. 7M 1;=:9b=?96.NJ5.0] =?254 L CY7:.0@ CF\\64:2>CY]f9[Z=?96. E678. 2 / CFM`.0@ !.0/>=:1;=?1;.07 13M`\6482 JF.07`2 J5.04 =?9. E678.U2  \ CF48=-! 2  7:\ .0.<]f9 =fCYI57 13/ =?96.U]025/67=?48E6]<=:1325/ 2 25L 8 .<]<=:7$  = 7:.0.<MN7

 CF78=:.  E6GD=:2^/62F=E678.`1;/E 2548M CY=:1325/1 25E6/6@ 1;/RJ5.048L670Z$7:2<" .`96C JF. =?.07=?7/ 96.048. ". ]04:.0CY=?.<@ 4:.0G3CY=?1;25/6789613\67 E67:1;/6I " 254:@67  a . @62 /2F= \ .04( 2F4:M / CFM`.0@ .0/>=?1O=!B . =:4?CF] =?1;25/ 254\ CF4=( 2 ! 78\ .<.0]f9 =fCFI5IF13/6I G3G."  254:@67 CF48.`]<25/67813@6.<4:.0@ 25L 8 .<]<=?7   96.  2F4:@67/  .NE67:.NCF48. 78=:25\6\ .0@ CF/6@ 7=?.<MNM`.0@

 7813/6IB  2548@67 13M`\64:2 J5.<748.078E6G;=:77825MN.B #H13I5E4:.  f Z LE=1O= ]04:.0CY=?.<7 M`254:.^4:.
variations on coreference resolution

Random pronoun and substring substring pronoun no coreference resolution

90

Miss probability (in %)

80 60 40 20 10 5 2 1 .01.02 .05 .1 .2

# 13I5E648.H

.5 1 2 5 10 20 40 False Alarms probability (in %)

60

80

90

)G@CBD)G?>BD' +-9 ',;1$; 1$@>1+-H1 @>19>' 6D=?>B8' +/=-9>1(/;',@&?>I1
AH1+?A1$@C9 ),6DE,',@CB8?>I-3/J

\648E6/613/I@625/6.   1;=:9 /625E6/4:E6/ 48.0G C =?132F/67:961;\670Z#".,9 CSJ5.C=?.07=.96.<4:.!".,E67:. / CFM`.0@ .0/>=?1O=?13.<70Z

"254:@67=?.<4:70' CFG3I52F4:1;=:96M =?2 =?96.%J5.<]<=:254M`2@.0GL1O=?9Q4:.0G3CY=?1;25/6789613\67 CF7 .SCY=:E64:.<7$ # 13I5E648.  78962   7N=?9.U\ .04- 254:MNCF/6]<.< 2F4 ="2bM`.<=:962@7`24:.
 .<.0/ / CFM`.0@ ! .0/>=:1;=?1;.07CF/6@"  254:@67  1;=:9B" 254:@  =?2  " 254:@NG313/cK7=:4:13M`M`.0@  a .CFG;7:213/6]=fC =?132F/67 .0/@ CFL648E6\=:G;B L .0]0CFE67:.Q=?96.<4:.UCF4:.QMNCF/>BbJ5.<]<=?2F4:7   1O=?9 /62 2 JF.04:G3CF\[Z".<J5.=?.<4:7(' ]025M`\ CF48137:2F/ T

Random nounruns named entities and nounruns named entities and nounruns with trimming

90

Miss probability (in %)

80 60 40 20 10 5 2 1 .01.02 .05 .1 .2

.5 1 2 5 10 20 40 False Alarms probability (in %)




60

80

90



#H13IFE64:.   @CB 3535BD+EF),+-(*+7),3 1(/1+?>B8? /BD+; ',@C35)G?>BD' + J M`.<=?92@[Z =?96. / CYMN.<@!.=:1;=?1;.07 CF/6@*/625E6/  4:E/67NE7:13/I =:96. J5.0] =?254N4:.<\64:.<7:.0/>=?CY=?1;25/ CY/6@ ]<257:1;/6.^7:13M`13G3CF4:1O=!B b   9137 7:E6IFI5.07=?7N=:9 CY= =?9. ]02F/6]0G;E67:1;25/67%MNCF@6. CFL 25E=.K=?4:CF]<=:1325/ CF/@ ]<254:. .048.0/6]<.`48.07825G3E=:1325/P 25EG3@ 9625G;@  52 4]02F7:13/.

7:1;MN1;G CF481;=!BM9.04:.=:96.  S. C =?E648.07 13/N=?96.JF.0]<=:254CF48.4:.
=?9. 8% ]<.0/>=?.<4:7(' ]025M`\ CF487:1;25/NM`.<=:962K@NI51OJ5.<7 CF/7(".04:7 @61+) .048.0/>="=:9 CF/NE67:1;/6I =:96. 4:.0G3CY=?1;25/6789613\67 ]02FMN\ 25/6.


M . =?962K@ I51OJ5.<7CF/7(".04:7%@1+) .04:.= Q Q 1;G3G;E678=:4?CY=:.07 =?9 C ==:96.>%8]<.0/>=?.<4:7(' N  4:2FM E67:1;/6IU=:96. 52 L 8.0]<=:7 CF7  .SCY=:E64:.<7 13/ CQJF.0]<=:2541O=?9
    ".01;I59>=?13/I  96. 25L 8.0]<=:7 E678.0@> .<4:. / CYMN.<@! .=?1;/6I  9137 ]<25E6G3@ 9 CF\6\ .0/bL .0]0CFE678.^CF7 

  
CF\6\6482>CF]f96.<70Z=?96.`J5.<]<=?2F4:7
     " 13M`13G3CF4:GOB5Z#H13I5E4:.

T 

Random named entities and nounruns with trimming words named entities and words with trimming

90

Miss probability (in %)

80 60 40 20 10 5 2 1 .01.02 .05 .1 .2

.5 1 2 5 10 20 40 False Alarms probability (in %)




#H1;I5E64:.  

60

80

90

',@C(-9 ),9&',. 1H?>9J

]048.SCY=:.0@  52 4=?9. ]0.=?.0487M13G;G96C JF. =?9. 7?CYMN.B .SCY=:E64:.<7 CF7 C 7:1;/6I5G3. J5.<]<=:254 254=?96.N78=:2548B $2 13/>J5.<78=?1;I>CY=:. =?91370Z_#H13IFE64:. Q N T 137C 7:]0CY=:=:.04%\6G;2F="96.048. =?96. JF.0] =?254L6CF7:.<@ M`.<=:962K@R13725/

=?9. 96254813d<25/>=fCFGC  137NCF/6@ =:96. 8% ]<.0/>=?.<4:7(' CF\6\6482>CF]f9   1;=:9





 Q V5V 137`\6G CY]0.0@ 25/ =?9. JF.048=:13]0CFG CF]0]<.0787$,!/UL 2F=:9U]0CF7:.<70Z /625E6/4:E6/67@".04:. E67:.<@RCF7@ .SC =?E648.07  25L 8.0] =?7 / =:25\613] 78=:254:1;.07%CY4:. MNCF4:cY.0@ L>B \6G;E677:1;I5/67%CY/6@ 2)  =?2F\613] 78=?2F4:13.<7CF4:. @62F=?7  a . 7:.<. =?9 C ==?96.<4:. 1;7 7:2FMN.%]<254:48.0G C =?132F/ 2H78]02548.07 L . = .<.0/ =:96.%= 2`M`.<=?92@6 7 



6  ;

  







 




9B8 

 96.<4:.R9 CY7 L .<.0/ "  254:c 25/ =:96. E7:.R2/6CFMN.<@!.=?1;=:13.<7B 254BC 4:7=( 78=?2F48B @6.<=:.0]<=:1325/

 G;G CF/  

 Z Q    ?ZCY/62F=?9.04  =?CF7:c  9.=:1;=?1;.07 9 CY4:M`7 \ .<4( 2548M CF/]0.FZ6CF72F=?96.<413M`\ 254=fCF/>=  2548@67@ 25E6/6@^13/ =:.K =CF4:.@61;7:4:.[email protected]@  @@61;=:1325/ CYG3G;BFZ6=?96. B @137:]<E67:7=?96. E7:. 2)\6CF134872)/6CFMN.<@!.=?1;=:13.<7$   91371;7JF.048BU7:1;MN1;G CF4,=:2 T 

vectors with LORs compared to centers algorithm Random vector - named entities and nounruns with trimming vectors - named entities and words with trimming centers - named entities and nounruns with trimming centers - named entities and words with trimming

90

Miss probability (in %)

80 60 40 20 10 5

2 1 .01.02 .05 .1 .2

60

80

90

 1+?A1$@C9 ),68E,',@CB8?>I73 H' 3 47)G@>1(/?A'
,1H?A',@ &BD?>I/;1)G?>=-@>19 ',; @>16D)G?>B8' +79>I-B8479J

#H1;I5E648.   $% 7   96.<4:.

.5 1 2 5 10 20 40 False Alarms probability (in %)






 






137 G CY4:I5. 96.01;4 E7:. 2 =:96./ CFM`.0@ .0/>=?1O=!B \ CF1;4:7 1;7 78\ .<]01 C ]%=?2,C 4:7=

78=:2548B @6. =?.0] =?1;25/[ZCF/@I 2FE6G3@b/2F= /6.<]0.<7:7?CY4:13GOB L . @134:.<]<=:G;B CF\6\G313]0CFL6G;. =:2 =?2F\613] =?4:CF]fce13/6I E64 ]025/67=?48E6]<=:1325/U2$% 7 137@61 )_.<4:.
4:.=?1O=!B ^  a . CFG3782 \6G3CF]0.B .<13I59>=?7 25/ =?9. 4:.=:1;=!B \6CF13487 9 CF@Q/62B".01;I59>=?7 



=?96.<4  52 4:M`7H2 1;/E 2548M CY=:1325/.=:4?CF] =?1;25/ 9 CSJ5. L .0.
 Q    @61;7:]0E7:7 =:96.E67:."26M`254:.)7825\6961;78=?1;]SCY=:.0@ 13/E 2F4:MNCY=?1;25/%.K=?4:CF]<=:1325/  254 9613IF9 \648.0]01;7:1;25/ =?.K=]0G3CF7:781+C ]0CY=?1;25/1O=?961;/ C7:\ .0]<1+C ] @625MNCF13/   961;7 "254:c 137 4:.0G;1 CF/>= 25/ MNCF/eE CFG3GOB .0/I513/6.<.048.0@ 13/ 254:MNCY=?1;25/> 254 @25M CY13/67 / CF484:2  .<4 =?96CF/b13/ 254:MNCY=?1;25/* 25E6/6@b1;/ /6.7$ a . E678.N. =:4?CF] =?1;25/ 1;/ C^@25M CY13/ 13/@6.0\ .0/6@.0/>= MNCF/6/.040Z 782Q=:9 CY= M CY/KE6CFG.0/6IF13/6.<.04:1;/6I^137%/62Y= 4:. eG E61348.0@  .096/.048=

T 

named entities and words with trimming

1.4

1.2

centers algorithm

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 0

0.05

0.1 0.15 vectors with cosine on relationships

0.2

0.25

#H1;I5E64:. Q V 
H$)G?A?A1$@<4068',? ',; AH1+ ?A1$@ 9 ),68E,',@CB8?>I73 ,1$@C9>19 ,1H?A',@ &B8?>I ;1)G?>=-@>19 ',;-@>16D)G?>BD' +-9>I-B8409$J A 13IF4?CFM`7%CF48. 7:13M`13G3CF4 =?2^25E64 %7%13/ C .  ,  CSBK7$ A"13I54:CFMN7]SCF/ 48.  .04%=:2 = 2  2F4:@

\6964:CF7:.<70ZCb\ CF134N2/ 2F4:@67  52 E/6@ 13/ =:96. 7?CFM`.R\ CY7:7?CYI5.FZ 254 Cb\ CY134 2 "  2548@67  52 E6/6@ 1;/

=?9. 7?CFM`. @62K]0E6M`.0/>=$ a 96.=0Z=?9137137 913I596GOB 4:.
\ CF1;4 25"254:@7 1;/ =?9.%7?CFM`.\ CF787?CFIF.%254,@62K]0E6M`.0/>=1;7,]SCFG;G3.<@ M E6GO=?1   2F4:@ ]<25/6]<.0\=:7$"P E6G;=:1 

"254:@Q]025/]0.0\=?71;7C`78.<=2& 2548@67=?9 CY=CF\\ .0CF4/ 254 CF48.4:.$GeE61;4:.<@Q=:2 CF\\ .0CF4 13/Q@62K]0E6M`.0/>=SZ 1+ =?9.]<25/6]0.<\=,1;7)13/NC eG E6.<48B .  1O=?961;/ C 1"2548@ 13/@62 / 96.E7:.2[M E6GO=?1  =?.<4:M-]025/]0.0\=?7  254 13/E 2F4:MNCY=?1;25/ 4:.<=:4:1;.<JYCFG9 CF7 L .0.J5.<78=:13I>CY=:.0@ U 96. $% 7 \64:.<7:.
 2 =?.<4:M ]<25/6]<.0\=:7  1O=?9 C  13/6@2# 7:1;d0. 2 

  
 DCY\6c C  G;G CF/F Q   7:962  =?96CY= 254%4:. =?4813.<JYCFGH2

 @2]<E6MN.=?70Z=:96. E67:. 2"M E6GO=?1  =?.<4:M ]025/]0.0\=?7/1;=?9 78M CFG;G 1;/6@62 7 \ .04( 2F4:M`7

 2F4:7:. =:9 CF/F 1;=:9 G CF48I5.04  13/6@62  7  a . =?CFcF. =:96.  2F4:cO E48=?9.04 L>B 13/]0G3E@613/6I / CFM`.0@ ! .0/>=:1;=?1;.07 1;/ M E6G;=:1  =?.048M ]<25/6]<.0\=:7$ T 

named entities and nounruns with trimming

1.4

1.2

centers algorithm

1

off-topic stories on-topic stories

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 0

0.2

#H1;I5E64:. Q Q  ?>=@>19J 



0.4 0.6 vector with cosine similarity

0.8

1

 1+?A1$@C9*),6DE,',@CB8?>I-3 E B ,19 (-B 1$@>1+ ? ),+79  1$@ 9?>I-),+ ,1H?A',@ &B8?>I ',.A1H?>9 ),9 ; 1)




9B4>?  = .A$9B4 M  4>; <= 6:=>8 





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a . 9 CSJ5. G3.SCY4:/6.<@ CFL 25E=&9 CY=D1;/E 2548M CY=:1325/1;7 E678.  E6G13/  %7$  96.,E678.,2 / CYMN.<@!.
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centers algorithm with nounruns and maxdist = 100

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