Iphone

Iphone development MAD-IP

Philippe Possemiers 8 march 2009

So what is all the fuss about? Touchscreen interface, with several patents •

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Visual voicemail

Full MacOSX instead of subset (half a Gb) •

Webbrowsing with most advanced webbrowser to date on handheld device (Safari) •

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Synchronisation via ITunes => demo

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Features

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Screen size: 3.5 in (89 mm) Screen resolution: 480×320 pixels at 163 ppi, with 3:2 aspect ratio Input devices: Multi-touch screen interface plus a "Home" button and "Sleep/Wake" located on the top of the iPhone. Built-in rechargeable, non-removable battery 2 megapixel camera Location finding by detection of cell towers and Wi-Fi networks Samsung S5L8900 (412 MHz ARM 1176 processor, PowerVR MBX 3D graphics co-processor) Memory: 128 MB DRAM Storage: 8 GB or 16 GB flash memory Operating System: iPhone OS Quad band GSM / GPRS / EDGE: GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 Wi-Fi (802.11b/g) Bluetooth 2.0 with EDR 20Hz to 20kHz frequency response (both internal and headset) © artesis 2008 | 4

Features new generation Color: Black (8 GB or 16 GB) or white (16 GB) Size: 4.5 inches (115.5 mm) (h) × 2.4 inches (62.1 mm) (w) × 0.48 inch (12.3 mm) (d) Weight: 133 g Headphone jack (non-recessed) Battery has up to 10 hours of 2G talk, 5 hours of 3G talk, 5 (3G) or 6 (Wi-Fi) hours of Internet use, 7 hours of video playback, and up to 24 hours of audio playback, lasting over 300 hours on standby. 3G for broadband data speeds Assisted GPS Digital SAR Rating: 1.38 W/kg

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Popularity

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iPhone Stats October, 2008 10 Million iPhones

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App store stats July, 2008 (launch) : 552 Apps December 5, 2008 : 300M downloads February, 2009 : 20.000 Apps / 500M downloads

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Openness iPhone

Android

Open Source

NO

YES

Write anything you want

NO

YES

Device Homogeneity

YES

NO

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Closed source with open source components.

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Given Apple’s history, this is likely to stay this way. (Benevolent) Vertically Integrated Dictatorship vs. Open Source, Loosely-Controlled Ecosystem

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Where to start? http://developer.apple.com/iphone/ •

Download iPhone SDK, if you are a Registered iPhone Developer or enrolled in the iPhone Developer Program SDK includes : Xcode IPhone simulator Monitoring instruments Interface builder

• loading an application onto devices is only possible after paying a

Apple Developer Connection membership fee of 99 $ (standard) or 299 $ (enterprise) • => XCode demo : UDecide © artesis 2008 | 8

Web apps

• http://www.apple.com/webapps/ http://www.shockwise.com/iphone/draw.php Developers are free to set any price for their applications to be distributed through the App Store, of which they will receive a 70 percent share

• Developers can also opt to release the application for free and will not pay any costs to release or distribute the application beyond the membership fee

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Web Apps Applications are downloaded directly to iPhone or iPod Touch App Store is also available within iTunes Applications are subject to approval by Apple, as outlined in the SDK agreement, for basic reliability testing and other analysis Applications may be rejected if they are of only "limited utility" Toolbars must be placed at the bottom of the screen, and the vibration function should only be used for alerts © artesis 2008 | 10

How do we develop Apps for the iPhone?

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We can use Xcode / Objective C We can develop AJAX / Javascript applications that can be accessed through Safari We can use Java AlcheMo for iPhone Xmlvm We can install Java on an unlocked and Jailbroken iPhone

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Objective C •

1980S : Objective-C language designed by Brad J. Cox: –Object-oriented extension of C. Inspired by Smalltalk. –Strict superset of C.

1988 : NeXT Software licenses the Objective-C language and develops NEXTSTEP •

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1992 : FSF adds Objective-C to GNU compiler suite

1994 : NeXT Computer and Sun Microsystems release a standardized OPENSTEP specification •

1996 : Apple acquires NeXT Software. Use for OS X. OPENSTEP now called Cocoa. •

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Objective C

Interface (.h) #import @interface Fraction: NSObject{ intnumerator; intdenominator; }-(void) print; -(void)setNumerator: (int) d; -(void)setDenominator: (int) d; -(int) numerator; -(int) denomin@end

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Objective C

Implementation (.m) #import "Fraction.h“ #import <stdio.h> @implementation Fraction -(void) print { printf("%i/%i", numerator, denominator); } -(void) setNumerator: (int) n { numerator = n; } -(void) setDenominator: (int) d { denominator = d; } -(int) denominator { return denominator; } -(int) numerator { return numerator; }@end © artesis 2008 | 14

AJAX & JavaScript •

AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) : a group of interrelated web development techniques used to create interactive web applications or rich Internet applications. With Ajax, web applications can retrieve data from the server asynchronously in the background without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page. Despite the name, the use of JavaScript and XML is not actually required, nor do the requests need to be asynchronous. The acronym AJAX has thus changed to the term Ajax, which does not represent these specific technologies. Applets were the precursors of AJAX With iPhone Safari browser, very rich and native looking Apps are possible © artesis 2008 | 15

AJAX & JavaScript AJAX plugin for eclipse or standalone version : http://www.aptana.com/ Morfik also has an IDE : http://www.morfik.com/#Home ASP.NET AJAX is supported : http://steveorr.net/articles/iPhone.aspx Native look and feel screen controls : IUI. Based on the work of Joe Hewitt who developed the free Facebook iPhone App. • http://code.google.com/p/iui/ • Create Navigational Menus and iPhone interfaces from standard HTML • Use or knowledge of JavaScript is not required to create basic iPhone pages • Ability to handle phone orientation changes • Provide a more "iPhone-like" experience to Web apps (on or off the iPhone) © artesis 2008 | 16

AJAX & JavaScript The canvas element is a third party extension that allows for dynamic rendering of scriptable bitmap images. It was initially introduced by Apple or use inside their own Mac OS X Webkit component, powering applications like Dashboard widgets and the Safari browser. Later, it was adopted by Gecko browsers (notably Mozilla and Firefox) and standardized by the WHATWG on new proposed specifications for next generation web technologies. Support is also present in the Opera 9.0 browser. Canvas consists of a drawable region defined in HTML code with height and width attributes. JavaScript code may access the area through a full set of drawing functions similar to other common 2D APIs, thus allowing for dynamically generated graphics. Some anticipated uses of the canvas include building graphs, animations, and image composition. No need for flash anymore! © artesis 2008 | 17

AJAX & JavaScript •

Demo based on http://www.damonkohler.com/2008/12/javascript-painting-with-canvas.htm

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AJAX & JavaScript •

Demo based on http://www.benjoffe.com/code/demos/canvascape/

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AlcheMo for iPhone

http://www.innaworks.com/alcheMo-for-iPhone.html •

alcheMo for iPhone is capable of converting J2ME applications utilizing an extensive subset of Java ME CLDC 1.1 ( http://java.sun.com/products/cldc/) and MIDP 2.0 (including touch screen support) and supports several JSR extension APIs (http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=198) including the JSR256 mobile sensor API. Additional APIs support multi-touch and native iPhone look and feel. This automatic translation process is instantaneous, repeatable, and available 24/7 while requiring no iPhone specific experience.

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(real) Java on the iPhone

No official support It is however possible to run Java on the iPhone We have to pull some tricks, jailbreaking, installing... •

Apple has stated it will not design software updates specifically to break native applications other than applications that perform SIM unlocking

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Unlocking & Jailbreaking Jailbreaking is distinct from "unlocking". Unlocking is the process by which a mobile device is made compatible with telephone networks it was not specifically licensed to be used with. A jailbreak is the act of breaking out of a jail in UNIX-like operating systems or bypassing digital rights management (DRM). It is a specific form of privilege escalation. In the context of the iPhone, it allows the user to run arbitrarily defined code or applications, bypassing Apple's code distribution mechanism (the iTunes App Store and the iTunes Application). Tools : PwnageTool, from the iPhone Dev Team (http://blog.iphonedev.org/) QuickPwn, from the iPhone Dev Team (http://blog.iphonedev.org/) – Yellowsn0w, redsn0w (http://blog.iphone-dev.org/) Pusher, from RiP Dev (http://ripdev.com/pusher/) © artesis 2008 | 22 Linux on iPhone

IPhone in Finder • • • • •

Install AFP (Apple Filing Protocol) on your iPhone Get your iPhone's IP address Connect to server from MacOSX Finder afp://ip-address-of-your-iphone User : 'root' / pwd : 'alpine'

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Cydia •

Cydia is a package manager for installing unofficial 3rd-party applications on the iPhone Among other things, this allows iPhone users to bypass Apple's restrictions on certain kinds of applications, such as launchers, custom wallpapers (themes) and battery status apps The applications are downloaded directly to iPhone or iPod Touch and are located in the /Applications/ directory , in the same place where 'Apple' native applications are located. App Store applications are located in /var/mobile/Applications/ Cydia is a front end/graphical interface for a port of APT created by Jay Freeman Cydia allows users to add custom sources, so people can choose where to download software from © artesis 2008 | 24

Installer

Installer is another package installer, created and maintained by the Russian Rip-Dev company alongside other tools. The former maintainer of Installer, on pre 2.0 firmwares, was Nullriver, Inc.

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(real) Java on the iPhone

Run Cydia Installer, go to Java section and select iPhone/Java which will install the virtual machine, libraries etc. Then install Jikes (java compiler). Also, install Terminal. Now restart iPhone. You can upload Java files to iPhone using iPhone Browser => demo Run Terminal (installed above) and use java (jikes) compiler to compile your program. For example: jikes -cp /usr/lib/rt.jar MyFirstJavaProgramForIPhone.java You can run the class file as usual: java MyFirstJavaProgramForIPhone

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XMLVM

http://www.xmlvm.org/overview/ XMLVM translates a Java class file (or a .NET executable) to an XMLdocument. This allows manipulation and translation of XMLVM-based programs using advanced XML technologies such as XSLT, XQuery, and XPath. Based on the XML-document generated by the front-end, various transformations are possible : Cross-compilation from .NET to JVM byte code Java or .NET applications to JavaScript so that they can run as AJAX applications in any browser Cross-compilation of Java programs to Objective-C to create native iPhone applications Cross-compilation of Android applications to run on the iPhone © artesis 2008 | 27

XMLVM

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XMLVM

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HelloWorld in Java import org.xmlvm.iphone.*; public class HelloWorld extendsUIApplication { public voidapplicationDidFinishLaunching(NSNotification n) { CGRect rect = UIHardware.fullScreenApplicationContentRect(); UIWindow window = newUIWindow(rect); window.orderFront(this); window.makeKey(this); window._setHidden(false); rect.origin.x = rect.origin.y = 0; UIView mainView= newUIView(rect); window.setContentView(mainView); UITextLabel _title = new UITextLabel(rect); _title.setText("Hello World!"); _title.setCentersHorizontally(true); mainView.addSubview(_title); } }

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HelloWorld in Objective C @interface helloWorld : UIApplication -(void) applicationDidFinishLaunching: (NSNotification) n; @end @implementation helloWorld -(void) applicationDidFinishLaunching: (NSNotification) n {CGRect rect = [UIHardware fullScreenApplicationContentRect]; UIWindow* window = [[UIWindow alloc]initWithContentRect: rect]; [window orderFront: self]; [window makeKey: self]; [window _setHidden: false]; rect.origin.x = rect.origin.y = 0; UIView* mainView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame: rect]; [window setContentView: mainView]; UITextLabel *_title = [[UITextLabel alloc]initWithFrame: rect]; [_title setText: @"Hello World!"]; [_title setCentersHorizontally: true]; [mainView addSubview: _title]; }@end © artesis 2008 | 31

Crosscompiling HelloWorld.java to Objective-C The cross-compiler is in source folder src/xmlvmclass org.xmlvm.Main To generate the XMLVM for “Hello World” use the following command line options (under Eclipse): --console ${workspace_loc:xmlvm}/bin/org/xmlvm/test/iphone/ HelloWorld.class To cross-compile the XMLVM to Objective-C use: --console --objc ${workspace_loc:xmlvm}/bin/org/xmlvm/test/iphone/ HelloWorld.class To write the Objective-C source code to a file, use: --out=tmp --objc ${workspace_loc:xmlvm}/bin/org/xmlvm/test/iphone/ HelloWorld.class The previous command will generate two files: –${workspace_loc:xmlvm}/tmp/HelloWorld.h –${workspace_loc:xmlvm}/tmp/HelloWorld.m

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Compile and run HelloWorld •

Type “make” in ${workspace_loc:xmlvm}/tmp

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Type “make deploy”

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On the iPhone, type “killall SpringBoard” . The previous command can be accomplished by either ssh-ing (secure shell) into the iPhone, or by using a terminal application on the iPhone. Restarting the SpringBoard is necessary only once so that it picks up the new “Hello World” application.

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End (for now)

Questions? Remarks?

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