Ip Addressing

IP ADDR ES SIN G # LOGICAL ADDRESS / PHYSICAL ADDRESS # IP Versions -> IP Version 4 -> IP Version 6 # RFC

PHYSICAL Address / LOGICAL Address PHYSICAL Address :- It is a Permanent Number for a device (usually network card), which is unique to the type of device in the world. E.g. – MAC Address, Your Name, Your DNA.

LOGICAL Address :- It is a Logical Number assigned to a device on network, used to determine logical information pertaining to the device. E.g. – IP Address, Your PRN, Your Telephone Number. -> A Logical Addressing Scheme is relative to the Protocol Suite used on Network . For e.g. – Protocols like IP, IPX …. others have their own respective Logical Addressing Scheme.

What is an IP Address ? An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique number that devices use in order to identify and communicate with each other on a computer network utilizing the Internet

Protocol Standard (IP). An IP Address corresponds to the logical address assigned to a Network device. It could be any participating network device – including Routers, Printers, Computers, Fax Machines, Telephones ..... E.g. – 63.28.182.121 (An IP Address)

Versions Of IP Address The Internet Protocol has two primary versions in use. Each version has its own definition of an IP address. Because of its prevalence, "IP address" typically refers to those defined by IPv4.

IP Versions -> IP Version 4 -> IP Version 5 (Experimental)

-> IP Version 6

IPv4 ADDRESSING ►

►

IPv4 uses 32-bit (4 byte) addresses, which limits the address space to 4,294,967,296 (2^32) possible unique addresses. This includes the reserved addresses also. An IPv4 Address is a set of 4 octets, divided to let determine the Network part & the Host part.

For the same purpose an IPv4 Addresses are classified in various Classes -> Class A

(Large Networks Usually)

-> Class B

(Medium Sized Networks Usually)

-> Class C

(Home Networks Usually)

-> Class D -> Class E

( Reserved for Multicast) ( Reserved)

Public IP Addresses : These IP address allow to communicate over Internet i.e. external world.

Private IP Addresses : These IP address are meant for LAN or home networks, which are independent to external world. User can’t communicate on Internet using a Private Address.

Reserved IP Addresses : There are some IP addresses reserved for special purposes.

Classes In IPv4 Addressing Scheme Class A Network Bits : Range : Subnet Mask : Private Range :

8 Bits Host Bits : 24 Bits 0.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255

Class B Network Bits : Range : Subnet Mask : Private Range :

16 Bits Host Bits : 16 Bits 128.0.0.1 – 191.255.255.255 255.255.0.0 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

Class C Network Bits : Range : Subnet Mask : Private Range :

24 Bits Host Bits : 8 Bits 192.0.0.1 – 223.255.255.255 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

Class D Range : 224.0.0.1 – 239.255.255.255 -> Reserved for Multicasting.

Class E Range : 240.0.0.1 – 255.255.255.255 -> Reserved for Government/Defense Purposes

Some Reserved Addresses : APIPA Range : Automatic Private IP Address It is self generated IP Address by Host machine in case, DHCP address isn't resolved. Range :

169.254.0.1 – 169.254.255.255

Loopback Address : Range :

127.0.0.1 – 127.255.255.255

IPv6 ADDRESSING ► ►

In IPv6, the new (but not yet widely deployed) standard protocol for the Internet, addresses are 128 bits wide. In theory, there would be exactly 2^128, or about 3.403 × 1038 unique host interface addresses. The exact number is 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456.

Interesting Stuff :# IPv6 allows us to have a Logical Address even for an Atom. # JAPAN works completely on IPv6.