Introduction To Computers And Programming Languages
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Introduction To Computers And Programming Languages as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 588
- Pages: 9
Chapter 0
Introduction to Computers and Programming Languages
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 1
Chapter 0 Objectives • After you have read and studied this chapter, you should be able to – State briefly a history of computers. – Name and describe five major components of the computer. – Convert binary numbers to decimal numbers and vice versa. – State the difference between the low-level and highlevel programming languages.
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 2
A History of Computers •
• • • •
Charles Babbage is credited as the father of computer. Although never actually built, he proposed the computing machines called Difference Engine and Analytical Engine that possessed the core characteristics of today’s computers. Ada Lovelace, who wrote demonstration programs for Analytical Engine, is credited as the first programmer. The first modern computer was built by Atanasoff of Iowa State University in the late 1930s. An electromechanical computer MARK I was built by Howard Aiken of Harvard. The first completely electronic computer ENIAC I was built by Mauchly and Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania.
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 3
Computer Architecture Output Devices
Communication Devices
Input Devices
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
RAM
CPU Storage Devices
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 4
Progress of CPU Speed
For more information on Intel CPUs, click
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Intel Museum or Quick Reference Chart.
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 5
Decimal Number Representation decimal point
How the decimal number is represented.
104
103
102
101
10 − 1 10 − 2
10 0
10−3
Position Values
2
4
8
7
10 2
10 1
100
10−1
Example:
= 2 × 102 + 4 × 101+ 8 × 100 + 7 × 10− 1 = 2 × 100 + 4 × 10 + 8 × 1
+ 7 × 1/10
= 200
+ 7 /10 = 248.7
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
+ 40
+ 8
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 6
Binary Number Representation binary point
How the binary number is represented.
24
23
22
21
2−1
20
2− 2
2−3
Position Values
1
0
1
1
22
21
20
2− 1
Example:
= 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20 + 1 × 2− 1 = 1 × 4 + 0 × 2 + 1 × 1 + 1 × 1/2 = 4
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
+0
+ 1
+ 1/2
=
5.5
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 7
Programming Languages • Three levels of programming languages: – Machine Languages – Machine language instructions are binary coded and very low level.
– Assembly Languages – Assembly language allows symbolic programming. Requires an assembler to translate assembly programs into machine programs.
– High-level Languages – High-level language provides a very high conceptual model of computing. Requires a compiler to translate high-level pograms into assembly programs.
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 8
Java • Java is a high-level object-oriented language developed by Sun Microsystems. • Java’s clean design and wide availability make it an ideal language for teaching the fundamentals of computer programming.
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 9
Introduction to Computers and Programming Languages
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 1
Chapter 0 Objectives • After you have read and studied this chapter, you should be able to – State briefly a history of computers. – Name and describe five major components of the computer. – Convert binary numbers to decimal numbers and vice versa. – State the difference between the low-level and highlevel programming languages.
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 2
A History of Computers •
• • • •
Charles Babbage is credited as the father of computer. Although never actually built, he proposed the computing machines called Difference Engine and Analytical Engine that possessed the core characteristics of today’s computers. Ada Lovelace, who wrote demonstration programs for Analytical Engine, is credited as the first programmer. The first modern computer was built by Atanasoff of Iowa State University in the late 1930s. An electromechanical computer MARK I was built by Howard Aiken of Harvard. The first completely electronic computer ENIAC I was built by Mauchly and Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania.
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 3
Computer Architecture Output Devices
Communication Devices
Input Devices
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
RAM
CPU Storage Devices
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 4
Progress of CPU Speed
For more information on Intel CPUs, click
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Intel Museum or Quick Reference Chart.
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 5
Decimal Number Representation decimal point
How the decimal number is represented.
104
103
102
101
10 − 1 10 − 2
10 0
10−3
Position Values
2
4
8
7
10 2
10 1
100
10−1
Example:
= 2 × 102 + 4 × 101+ 8 × 100 + 7 × 10− 1 = 2 × 100 + 4 × 10 + 8 × 1
+ 7 × 1/10
= 200
+ 7 /10 = 248.7
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
+ 40
+ 8
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 6
Binary Number Representation binary point
How the binary number is represented.
24
23
22
21
2−1
20
2− 2
2−3
Position Values
1
0
1
1
22
21
20
2− 1
Example:
= 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20 + 1 × 2− 1 = 1 × 4 + 0 × 2 + 1 × 1 + 1 × 1/2 = 4
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
+0
+ 1
+ 1/2
=
5.5
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 7
Programming Languages • Three levels of programming languages: – Machine Languages – Machine language instructions are binary coded and very low level.
– Assembly Languages – Assembly language allows symbolic programming. Requires an assembler to translate assembly programs into machine programs.
– High-level Languages – High-level language provides a very high conceptual model of computing. Requires a compiler to translate high-level pograms into assembly programs.
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 8
Java • Java is a high-level object-oriented language developed by Sun Microsystems. • Java’s clean design and wide availability make it an ideal language for teaching the fundamentals of computer programming.
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4th Ed Chapter 0 - 9
Related Documents
Programming Languages
November 2019 27
Introduction To Computers Notes.docx
May 2020 10
Introduction To Computers
May 2020 10