Introduction To Arcgis 2

Introduction to ArcGIS Using ESRI ArcView 8.3 and NH GRANIT Data

UNH Cooperative Extension April 2004

Original Draft: January 2004 Revised: February 2004 Presentation manual by: Brad Anderson Exercise manual by: Anne Deely University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension Geospatial Technology Training and Resource Center 200 Bedford St. Manchester, NH 03101 Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the NH Space Grant Consortium and the NH Charitable Foundation for funding the development of this workshop and accompanying manuals. NOTE: These workshop materials are not intended as an endorsement of any product or organization. UNH Cooperative Extension programs and policies are consistent with pertinent Federal and State laws and regulations on non-discrimination regarding age, color, handicap, national origin, race religion, sex, sexual orientation, or Veteran's status. College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, County governments, NH Division of Forests and Lands, Dept. of Resources and Economic Development, NH Fish & Game Dept., U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating.

CHAPTER 1

Tour of ArcMap

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Open ArcMap 1 Elements of the ArcMap Interface 1 Open an Existing Map 2 Dock A Toolbar 3 Switch Between Layout View and Data View 5 Open a New Document 6 Set Data Frame Properties 6 Save Your Map 7 Add Data to the Map 8 Open Attribute Table 8 Change Layer Display Name 9 Add Data to the Map 10 Rearrange the Table of Contents 10 Review: Change a Data Layer’s Display Name 11 Change Fill Color 11 Zoom In, Zoom Out, and Pan in ArcMap 12 Measure Features in ArcMap 13 Magnify an Area 15 Display an Overview of Your Data 16 CHAPTER 2

Attribute Tables

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Open an Existing Map 19 Minimize, Maximize, and Restore the ArcMap Window 19 Sort Records in an Attribute Table 20 Select Records in a Table 21 Review Skills: Find the 5 Smallest Towns in NH 22 Clear Selected Features in a Table 23 Define Aliases for Field Names 23 Hide Fields in an Attribute Table 25 Re-arrange Fields in an Attribute Table 25 Add a Field To an Attribute Table 26 Start an Editing Session 27 Calculate the Value of a Field 28 Freeze and Unfreeze Fields in a Table 29 CHAPTER 3

Selecting Features 31

Open an Existing Map 31 UNH Cooperative Extension

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Identify Features 31 Set Selectable Layers 32 Add Selection Tab to Table of Contents 33 Use the Select Features Tool 34 Clear Selected Features 35 Finding Features 36 Bookmark an Extent 38 Zoom to a Bookmark 38 Select By Attributes 38 Review: Select by Attributes 41 Select by Location 42 Change Selected Features Symbol 43 CHAPTER 4

Thematic Maps

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Open an Existing Map 45 Display by Unique Values 45 Remove Outlines from All Values 46 Symbolize With Graduated Color 47 Review: Symbolize Using Graduated Color 49 Group Values in a Legend 51 Change Symbols in the Table of Contents 54 Use a Definition Query 54 Definition Queries: Review 56 Optional: Remove Quad Lines from within Polygon Features 57 CHAPTER 5

Layers

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Open an Existing Map 59 Save a Layer File 59 Review: Save a Layer File 60 Save a Group Layer 61 Practice With Layers: the Land Cover Data Set 62 Fix a “Lost” Layer Reference 63 Save Changes to a Layer File 63 CHAPTER 6

Working With Labels

Open ArcMap 65 Set Data Frame Properties 66

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Save Your Map 67 Review: Change Layer Display Name 67 Review: Change Fill Color in the Table of Contents 68 Use the Label Tool to Label Features 68 Change Label Text Size, Font, and Color 69 Delete Graphic Labels 69 Change the Label Field 69 Use a Pre-defined Label Style 71 Re-position and Format Graphic Labels 73 Optional: The Spline Tool and Callout Boxes 74 Auto-label Features 75 Set a Scale Range for Labels 75 CHAPTER 7

Working in Layout View

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Open an Existing Map 77 Switch to Layout View 78 The Layout Toolbar 78 Add a Title to a Map 79 Add a Legend to a Map 80 Add a North Arrow 81 Optional: Set a Reference Scale 82 Insert a Scale Bar 83 CHAPTER 8

Joining Tables

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Open ArcMap 85 Set Data Frame Properties 86 Join a Layer with a Table 86 Eliminate Null Values Using a Definition Query 88 Symbolize Joined Data 88 Optional: Symbolize with Graduated Symbols 89 Review: Add a Field to a Table 90 Review: Calculate a Value in a Table 90 Optional: Symbolize With Graduated Color 92 Save Joined Tables as a New Shapefile 92 CHAPTER 9

Introduction to GeoProcessing

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Open an Existing Map 95 UNH Cooperative Extension

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Zoom To a Bookmark 95 Merge Adjacent Layers 95 Remove Layers from Map Document 97 Buffer a Feature 97 Clip a Layer 99 Dissolve Boundaries Between Features 100 Review: Set a Definition Query 102 Spatially Join a Point and Polygon layer 103 Display Using Graduated Colors 105 CHAPTER 10

Introduction to ArcCatalog

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Open ArcCatalog 107 Expand and Minimize Directories 107 Minimize, Maximize, and Restore the ArcCatalog Window 109 Data Types Shown in ArcCatalog 110 Preview a Data Set’s Geography 110 Identify Features in ArcCatalog 110 Zoom In, Zoom Out, and Pan in ArcCatalog 111 Preview a Data Set’s Table 111 View a Data Set’s Properties and Fields 112 View Metadata 113 Optional: Create a Thumbnail 115 Import Spatial Reference Information for a Shapefile 115 Open a Location in ArcCatalog 118 Optional: Display Additional File Types in ArcCatalog 119 CHAPTER 11

Importing Data into ArcGIS 121

Open ArcToolbox 121 Import Data From Arc Interchange Files 121 Import Metadata Into ArcCatalog 122 Export a Coverage to a Shapefile 125 CHAPTER 12

Developing New Data in ArcMap

Open ArcMap 127 Set Data Frame Properties 127 Create a New Empty Shapefile in ArcCatalog 127 Add A Layer to ArcMap from ArcCatalog 128

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Add Fields to an Attribute Table 129 Digitize a Polygon 129 Split a Polygon 130 Reshape an Edge of a Polygon 131 Save Your Edits 132 Add X,Y Coordinate Data to ArcMap 133 Save X,Y Coordinate Data as a Point Shapefile 134 CHAPTER 13

More Working with Layouts

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Open a Layout 137 Insert a New Data Frame 137 Copy Layers between Data Frames 138 Change the Active Data Frame 139 Highlight an Extent in a Data Frame 139 Arrange Data Frames in Layout View 139 Review: Insert Title, North Arrow, and Legend. 141 Adjust Layer Names 141 Optional: Adjust Legend Style 142 Insert Disclaimer Text 143 Align Elements in a Layout 143 Add a Graticule or Grid 144 CHAPTER 14

Customizing ArcMap

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Create a Custom Toolbar 147 Add Commands to a Toolbar 148 Define a New Command in the VBA Editor. 149 Add an Icon to a Button 151 CHAPTER 15

Summarizing Attribute Data 153

Set Up Your Map Document 153 Review: Join a Layer with a Table 154 Review: Create a Definition Query. 155 Review: Select By Attributes 155 Intersect a Layer with Features of Another Layer 156 Update Area and Length for a Layer 157 Review: Add and Calculate a Field 158 Summarize Values in a Table 159 UNH Cooperative Extension

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Optional: Set Field Name Aliases 160 Add an Attribute Table to a Layout 160 CHAPTER 16

Sharing Data and Documents

Re-project Data In ArcToolbox 163 Use Relative Pathnames 165 Use A Map Template 167 Save a Map as a Template 168

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Tour of ArcMap

CHAPTER 1

1. Open ArcMap a)

Start ArcMap by double-clicking on the ArcMap icon on your desktop. If an icon is not present, you can use the Start Menu instead. Usually, you will find ArcMap if you click on: START BUTTON PROGRAMS ARCGIS ARCMAP

b)

From the dialogue that appears, choose the first option, START USING ARCMAP WITH: A NEW EMPTY MAP.

c)

Click OK.

2. Elements of the ArcMap Interface

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Tour of ArcMap

Your ArcMap window should look similar to the one shown below. TIP: ArcMap’s interface is very easy to customize, so if yours looks different, it may be because someone else has already used ArcMap on your computer, and changed it around a little bit. Don’t worry about any minor differences, but ask an instructor if you can’t find the features discussed below. Title Bar

Standard Toolbar

Scale

Tools Toolbar Table of Contents

Display Area

Layout View Data View

Refresh

Drawing Toolbar

Coordinates of Cursor

3. Open an Existing Map a)

From the FILE menu, choose OPEN... .

b)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\PopulationChange.mxd, and click OPEN.

Throughout the course of this workshop, you will work through the steps of creating a similar map, which will include joining data tables, changing symbology, working with the map layout, and other topics.

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This map contains many of the elements that are necessary on any map. First of all, it has several different layers of geographic data, as shown in the TABLE OF CONTENTS. The data layers are displayed in both the detailed map and the locus map. There is also a title, legend, north arrow, and scale bar. It also includes the date the map was generated and the name of the organization that produced it. Notice that the screen is divided into two main sections. The part on the left is known as the TABLE OF CONTENTS, while the part on the right is the DISPLAY AREA. The TABLE OF CONTENTS lists the various GIS layers that were used to create the map—in this case, Political Boundaries and Population.

4. Dock A Toolbar It’s often easier to work in ArcMap when the various toolbars are not floating around in the middle of the screen. You can easily drag them and dock them in one of the toolbar regions to get them out of the way. a)

Click on the blue title on the Tools toolbar, and do not release your click.

b)

Drag the toolbar to the left, until its outline changes to a long, vertical rectangle at the border with the Table of Contents.

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Tour of ArcMap

c)

Release your click, and the toolbar should be docked in the border between the Table of Contents and the data frame.

Toolbar is docked

TIP: Don’t worry if your toolbar docked strangely -- for example, it might have gone in under the Table of Contents. Just grab the top or far left of the toolbar (the part with the little raised bar) and drag it again to where you want it.

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d)

If you have a floating Layout toolbar as well, dock it by grabbing its blue title bar and dragging it up to the top of the screen, to the right of the standart toolbar.

NOTE: Docking a toolbar is a simple and useful customization, but please do not make any other changes to the interface for now. You will learn more about how to customize ArcMap in Chapter 14.

5. Switch Between Layout View and Data View Right now ArcMap is in its LAYOUT VIEW mode, which means it is showing the map as it would look printed out. You can also look at it in DATA VIEW mode, which is best for when you are working with the data itself—that is, when you are performing analysis or editing data. a)

Switch to DATA VIEW by clicking the small globe icon at the bottom of the map window.

Click here for DATA VIEW Click here for LAYOUT VIEW b)

Click the paper icon next to the globe to return to LAYOUT VIEW, and then click the globe again to go back to DATA VIEW.

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Tour of ArcMap

6. Open a New Document a)

Click theNEW MAP FILE button on the Standard Toolbar to open a new map document.

b)

Do not save changes to PopulationChange.mxd.

c)

Make sure the new document is in DATA VIEW (click the small globe icon at the bottom of the screen).

7. Set Data Frame Properties The new, blank document that opens has no information associated with it yet: it does not have a title, it is not saved to a certain folder, and it has no coordinate system or units defined. It contains only an empty data frame, given the default name “Layers.” It is good practice to define these items for your data frame when you first open a new document. AV3 NOTE: Data frame properties are like the View properties in ArcView 3.x. This is where you set the map and display units, and give the data frame a unique name. In fact, while there are no multiple views in ArcGIS, you can have multiple data frames, which can function like multiple views. (For example, you can use one for a detailed map and one for a locus map, and combine them in the same layout. But more about that later.)

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a)

Right click on the data frame name, “Layers.”

b)

Select PROPERTIES.

c)

Select the GENERAL tab.

d)

In the NAME section, delete “Layers” and type in “NH.”

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e)

In the UNITS section, select FEET for both MAP and DISPLAY units.

f)

Select the COORDINATE SYSTEM tab, and notice that no projection is selected.

g)

Expand the PREDEFINED folder, then expand the folders for PROJECTED COORDINATE SYSTEMS, then STATEPLANE, then NAD 1983 (FEET).

h)

Select NAD 1983 STATEPLANE NEW HAMPSHIRE FIPS 2800 (FEET) from the list. Bizarrely, this list appears to be in a random order! New Hampshire is slightly more than halfway down.

i)

Click ADD TO FAVORITES, so it will be easy to find next time.

j)

Click OK to apply these changes and close the PROPERTIES window.

8. Save Your Map a)

Save your map document by clicking the save button..

b)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\ and name your document after yourself (e.g., Brad.mxd.)

c)

Click SAVE.

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Tour of ArcMap

9. Add Data to the Map There are a couple of ways to add data to a document. You can select ADD DATA from the FILE menu, or click the ADD DATA button on the Standard Toolbar. Because adding data is something you will do frequently, it is probably easiest to get used to clicking the ADD DATA button. a)

Click the ADD DATA button on the Standard Toolbar.

b)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\PBNH.

c)

Select pbnh.shp.

d)

Click ADD.

10. Open Attribute Table Remember that one of the most vital features of a GIS is that attribute information is tied to spatial information. The attributes are stored in a table, and you can look at that table in ArcMap.

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a)

Right click on the name pbnh in the TABLE OF CONTENTS.

b)

Select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

c)

Use the scroll bar at the bottom of the table to scroll across to the right hand side of the table.

d)

Use the scroll bar at the right to scroll down to the bottom of the table.

e)

Note the different fields in the table: Name (town name), County (represented with a number), FIPS, RPA, etc. In Chapter 10 you will learn how to view the metadata for data sets like this, so you can figure out what all the fields mean.

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f)

Close the attribute table by clicking the X in the upper right hand corner of the table.

11. Change Layer Display Name a)

Right click on pbnh and select PROPERTIES. You can also open the PROPERwindow by double-clicking on the data name in the TABLE OF CONTENTS. Just do whichever you like better. TIES

TIP: The layer properties window is the catch-all location for many of the changes you will make to your data and map. When in doubt of where to find something, check here. AV3 NOTE: The layer properties window is like the theme properties, legend editor, table properties (and more) from ArcView 3.x, all rolled up in one. b)

Select the GENERAL tab.

c)

In the LAYER NAME section, delete “pbnh” and type in “NH Towns.”

NOTE: When you change the layer name in the properties window, you are not actually affecting the file name -- you are only changing the name that appears in the TABLE OF CONTENTS of this map. In this case, you are changing it to something more meaningful to most users. Throughout this workshop, you will make many changes that, like this one, are only virtual changes, not actual changes to your data. The few times that you do actually change your data, that will be explicitly noted in this manual.

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Tour of ArcMap

d)

Select the SOURCE tab. Note that in the box under DATA SOURCE, the layer’s full name and path are still recorded as “pbnh.”

e)

Browse through the each of the other tabs in the PROPERTIES window, just to get an idea of the variety of features that are housed here.

f)

Close the PROPERTIES window.

12. Add Data to the Map a)

Click the ADD DATA button.

b)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Watersheds.

c)

Select wshedp.shp.

d)

Click ADD.

e)

Don’t worry about the warning that pops up. This is a message you may well get very frequently. Just say OK to it for now; you will learn in Chapter 10 how to fix the data so the message no longer appears.

Don’t worry about this warning! Just click OK.

f)

Notice that when the watersheds data layer is added to your map, it blocks the view of the towns beneath it.

13. Rearrange the Table of Contents Data layers are drawn in the order that they appear in the TABLE OF CONTENTS—layers at the bottom of the TABLE OF CONTENTS are drawn at the bottom of the map (that is, they are drawn first), and layers at the top of the TABLE OF CONTENTS are drawn on top of the map. If a layer on top is blocking a layer underneath it, you may not be able to see the lower layer.

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The check boxes next to each data name in the TABLE OF CONTENTS indicate whether or not a layer is visible. a)

Click on “NH Towns” in the TABLE OF CONand drag it to the top of the list.

TENTS

b)

Note that even when both layers are turned on, the portions of the watersheds layer within NH are no longer visible in the data frame, because the town polygons are on top of them.

c)

Check and uncheck the box next to NH Towns in the TABLE OF CONTENTS.

d)

Check and uncheck the wshedp box. What happens? What’s the difference? You should have seen the towns in the state turning on and off, and then seen the watersheds turn on and off.

14. Review: Change a Data Layer’s Display Name a)

Right click on wshedp to open the PROPERTIES window.

b)

Select the GENERAL tab.

c)

Delete “wshedp” and type in “Watersheds.”

d)

Click APPLY.

15. Change Fill Color a)

Select the SYMBOLOGY tab of the PROPERTIES window.

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Tour of ArcMap

b)

Click on the symbol patch to bring up the symbol selector.

Click Here

c)

Click the symbol patch for the FILL COLOR options.

d)

Select “No Color” (at the top).

e)

Click the symbol patch for the OUTLINE COLOR options.

f)

Select a bright color, like red.

g)

Click OK, and click OK again.

h)

Drag Watersheds to the top of the TABLE OF CONTENTS, and notice that now you can see through them to the towns below.

16. Zoom In, Zoom Out, and Pan in ArcMap You don’t always have to look at the full extent of your data (in this case, the state of NH). Use the zoom in, zoom out, and pan tools to change the extent shown in the data frame.

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a) b)

c)

Click on the ZOOM tool, and then click in the data frame. Note that you have zoomed in a little bit. An easier, quicker way to zoom in to an area you are interested in is to draw a box around it with the ZOOM tool. Give this a try—just click somewhere on the map, and without releasing your finger, drag down to draw a box. This will expand the area in the box you draw to the size of the window. To pan around the data, select the PAN tool and then click on the map and drag. This pulls other data into your view.

Zoom In Zoom Out Pan

Full Extent Go Back to Previous Extent Go Forward to Next Extent

d)

To zoom out, select the ZOOM-OUT tool (the magnifying glass with the minus sign), and then click in the map. You can also draw a box here—that will shrink the currently displayed data extent to the size of the box you draw.

e)

Click the GO BACK TO PREVIOUS EXTENT button to return to an extent you have previously viewed. Happily, ArcMap retains a long memory of your previous extents. You can also click GO FORWARD TO NEXT EXTENT button to then return to the next extents you viewed.

f)

To return to the whole state extent, click the FULL EXTENT button.

17. Measure Features in ArcMap You can get a quick idea about the size of different features by using the measure tool. a)

Select the measure tool, and then click at the beginning and end of the distance you want to measure. The total distance is shown in the status bar at the bottom of the window.

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Tour of ArcMap

b)

Click out a number of segments on an irregular feature (like the border between NH and MA), as the status bar shows both the segment length, and the total length.

Segment Length

Total Line Length

Easting

Northing

(Location of the cursor in Stateplane Coordinates)

TIP: If you don’t see numbers changing at the bottom of your screen as you move around in the view, your status bar is turned off. Turn it back on by going to the VIEW menu and putting a check mark next to STATUS BAR.

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c)

Double-click to finish measuring a feature.

d)

Practice measuring a few distances, like the length of the border with MA, the length of the coastline, etc. Remember that these are rough estimates, and their accuracy depends on how carefully you click.

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18. Magnify an Area Sometimes—especially if you are editing or creating new data—you may want to magnify an area of interest, while still being able to see the larger context. a)

From the WINDOW menu, select MAGNIFIER. A magnifying window opens in your view, with a default magnification of 400%.

b)

Move the magnifier window by clicking on the blue bar at the top of it, and dragging a short distance. As you are dragging, notice the crosshairs that are visible in the center of the MAGNIFIER.

c)

Position the crosshairs over the area you want to magnify.

d)

You can change the magnification by right-clicking on the blue bar at the top, and selecting PROPERTIES. Change the magnification to 800%.

e)

Click OK.

NOTE: By default, the Magnifier works in LIVE UPDATE mode, meaning that as you move the Magnifier window, it automatically shifts the area it magnifies. If, however, you want to magnify an area and then move your MAGNIFIER window out of the way, so it doesn’t block the background image, you can switch it to SNAPSHOT mode. f)

To do this, right click on the blue bar at the top of the MAGNIFIER window, and select SNAPSHOT.

g)

Close the MAGNIFIER window by clicking the X in its upper right hand corner.

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Tour of ArcMap

19. Display an Overview of Your Data The OVERVIEW window functions like the opposite of the MAGNIFIER window—it displays the full extent of the data in the data frame.

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a)

From the WINDOW menu, select OVERVIEW.

b)

The OVERVIEW window appears, and shows a thumbnail of your data (NH’s political boundaries and roads) with a red hatched box representing the area displayed in the view frame.

c)

Select the PAN tool and click & drag in the view frame to pan around your data. Notice that the red box in the OVERVIEW window shifts as you do so.

d)

You can also use the Overview window to pan around your data. Position the pointer over the red box in the Overview window. When the pointer changes to a 4-pointed arrow, click and drag the box to shift the data displayed in your view frame.

e)

Changing the size of the red box in the Overview window zooms you in or out of your view. Position the pointer over one of the corners of the red box. When the pointer changes to a diagonal, 2pointed arrow, click and drag to make the box bigger or smaller. Notice that the bigger you make the box, the further out you zoom from your data, while the smaller you make the box, the closer in you zoom.

f)

Close the OVERVIEW window by clicking the X in its upper right hand corner.

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g)

Click the FULL EXTENT button.

h)

Save your map by clicking the Save button.

TIP: Make sure you save your map often! Just like many Windows applications, you can save in a number of ways: by choosing Save from the File menu, clicking the Save button, or by pressing Ctrl-S. Get in the habit of doing so periodically. NOTE: Remember that when you save your map, you are only saving the map document -- not saving changes to your data layers themselves (“Data” does not equal “Map”). You must save changes to your data explicitly.

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Tour of ArcMap

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CHAPTER 2

Attribute Tables

In this chapter, you will explore more features of attribute tables, including how to sort data in tables, provide alias names for fields, add a new field, and calculate the value of one field based on values in other fields.

1. Open an Existing Map a)

If it is not already open, click the Open button, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\.mxd.

b)

Click Open.

2. Minimize, Maximize, and Restore the ArcMap Window If you are not already, it is worthwhile to become comfortable using the buttons in the upper right corner of the window. You will often have several different windows open at a time when working with ArcGIS. In ArcMap alone, you may have the ArcMap window in addition to an attribute table. As you will see later, you may also have an ArcCatalog window and an ArcToolbox window, or any one of many dialogue windows. It is important that you are comfortabe minimizing, maximizing, resizing, and moving different windows around your screen. a)

Click the one on the left to minimize the window, then click the bar at the bottom of the screen labeled with your name (or whatever you named your document) to restore it.

b)

Click the middle button to maximize the window, then click it again to restore it to its original size.

c)

Minimize

Maximize Restore

Close

When the window is not maximized, you can click and drag on a corner of the window to resize it.

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Attribute Tables

d)

When the window is not maximized, you can also click and drag on the blue bar at the top of the window to move it around your screen.

e)

Finally, click the middle button to maximize the window.

TIP: For the rest of this exercise, it is probably worthwhile to work with the ArcMap window maximized, so that you have the largest work area possible. Sometimes, however, you may want to have other windows open as well (especially ArcCatalog), and will want more than one window open and visible at a time.

3. Sort Records in an Attribute Table a)

Uncheck Watersheds so that the watershed boundaries are no longer displayed.

b)

Right click on NH Towns and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

The values in the first several fields were determined by the software when the data set was developed (in this case, as an ArcInfo coverage). FID, PBNH, and PBNH_ID are all ID numbers given to each feature in the data set. SHAPE identifies the layer as a polygon feature type. AREA and PERIMETER values were calculated for the data when the set was developed; they are in the same units as the map units—which in this case are feet (AREA is in square feet).

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c)

If necessary, use the bottom scroll bar to scroll across the table until you can see the Name field.

d)

Right click on the heading of the Name field (that is, on the word “Name” at the top of the column), and select SORT ASCENDING.

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All of the town names are now in alphabetical order.

4. Select Records in a Table a)

Select records in the table by clicking in the gray box at the far left of any row.

TIP: Make sure you click in the gray box at the far left. If you click in the table itself, you will only select a cell, not a whole record.

Click Here to select a record

b)

Drag down to select many records, or Ctrl-click to select many records that are not adjacent to each other in the table.

c)

When you have selected a couple of records, move the table a little bit (click on the blue title bar and drag it) so you can see the map beneath it.

TIP: It’s OK if the table extends off the screen when you are not using it -- just keep a corner of the title bar on screen, and you can always pull it back to where you want it. Notice that as you select records in the table, they are also selected in the data frame. In the same way, if you select features in your map, their associated records are also selected in the attribute table.

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Attribute Tables

d)

In the ArcMap window, choose the SELECT FEATURES tool from the TOOLS TOOLBAR and click on several towns in the map.

e)

Pull the attribute table back on screen, and see that different towns are now selected in it.

f)

Check at the bottom of the table to find out how many records are selected -- it should say something like, “5 of 259 selected.”

5. Review Skills: Find the 5 Smallest Towns in NH a)

Right click on the “Area” field heading, and select SORT ASCENDING.

b)

Select the five smallest towns by clicking on the gray box to the left and dragging down.

c)

Click the SELECTED button at the bottom of the table to view only the selected records.

Click here to show only selected features

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AV3 NOTE: There is no longer a “promote” button to bring all the selected records to the top of the table. Instead, you can toggle between showing all records in the table, and showing only the selected records. d)

Drag the table down and out of the way, so you can see where the five smallest towns are located.

6. Clear Selected Features in a Table a)

In the lower right hand corner of the attribute table, click OPTIONS.

TIP: You may have to resize or move the attribute table to see the OPTIONS button. b)

Notice that some of the options are grayed out and not available. This is because you are currently only viewing the selected records.

c)

Click the SHOW ALL button at the bottom of the attribute table to display all records in the table.

d)

Click the OPTIONS button again, and notice that this time all options are available.

e)

Click CLEAR SELECTION.

TIP: There are several ways to clear your selected features; which one you use will probably depend simply on where you are working at a given time. For example, you could also click on the Select Features tool and then click anywhere in the data frame outside of the data extent. f)

Close the attribute table by clicking the X in the upper right hand corner.

7. Define Aliases for Field Names a)

Right click on Watersheds, and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

b)

Scroll across the table, to view the various fields it contains.

This table contains information about several different tiers of watersheds, from upper level basins to sub-watersheds, designated with codes called HUC6 (large basins) to HUC12 (sub-watersheds). Unfortunately, some of the fields take up too much room, and others are not in a consistent order, so it is confusing to try to inspect the table. However, you can easily re-size and re-arrange the fields -- at least improving the way the fields appear when the table is opened in this map document. UNH Cooperative Extension

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Attribute Tables

Some of the field names in the Watersheds table are very confusing as well. You can give each one an alias, however, so you don’t need to keep tract of all those HU_6’s and HU_8’s. c) d)

Close the attribute table. Right click on Watersheds in the TABLE OF CONTENTS, and open the PROPERwindow.

TIES

e)

Select the FIELDS tab.

f)

Scroll down the table that is displayed, and select “HU_6_Name.”

g)

Type “Major Basin Name” in the Alias space at the bottom.

Select Field here

Type the Alias here

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h)

Scroll through the table and select “HU_8_Name.”

i)

Give it the alias “Basin Name.”

j)

Repeat for HU_10_Name (“Watershed Name”) and HU_12_Name (“SubWatershed Name”).

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8. Hide Fields in an Attribute Table You do not need all of the fields that are available in the table, but you would not want to actually delete the fields, in case they were needed at a future date. Instead, you can simply hide them in this map document, which will help simplify the table.

Click here to hide fields

a)

In the Fields tab of the Properties window, uncheck the Visible box for the following fields: FID Wshed_ Wshed_ID Ncontrb_A Code10 Code12 NH11Digit and any that end in _DS, _TYPE, or _MOD

b)

Click OK.

9. Re-arrange Fields in an Attribute Table a)

Right click on Watersheds and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

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Attribute Tables

b)

Scroll across until you get to Watershed Name, and decrease the size of the column by dragging its right edge over. (Hover over the border between two field headings with your pointer until the pointer changes to a two-sided arrow; then you can click and drag the column border over to resize it.)

c)

Do the same for Sub-watershed Name, Basin Name, and Major Basin Name.

TIP: Because these Name fields are probably ones that you will be particularly interested in, it may be helpful to have them located at the beginning of the table. d)

Click on the name “Sub-watershed Name” and then release to make the column active.

e)

Click again on the name “Sub-watershed Name” and drag the entire column to the left. You may need to do this in several steps, dropping the column when you have dragged it as far as you can, and then scrolling the entire table over. Deposit the column on the right hand side of Perimeter.

f)

Repreat steps d and e with “Watershed Name,” “Basin Name” and “Major Basin Name” so that all four fields are in order near the beginning of the table.

g)

Close the attribute table by clicking the X in the upper right hand corner.

h)

Save your document by pressing Ctrl-S.

10. Add a Field To an Attribute Table In the next several exercises, you will work with the NH Towns layer and calculate the area of each town in acres. The GIS has already calculated the area of each town, but it is in square feet, not acres. You will add a field for acres, and calculate its value to be the area in square feet divided by 43,560, which is the number of square feet in an acre. a)

Open the NH Towns attribute table by right clicking on NH Towns and selecting from the context menu.

b)

Click the OPTIONS button, and choose ADD FIELD.

NOTE: You are making an actual change here -- not just a virtual change like you have been making so far. It is one that is easily reversed (you can always delete the field if you change your mind) but be aware that when you add a field, you are, in fact, writing to your data file. c)

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You may inexplicably get an error message at this point, saying that the application is in use by another user. If this happens, save your document, close ArcMap, and restart it again. Open your document again, and start over at step a).

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d)

Enter “ACRES” as the FIELD NAME, choose Float, with a PRECISION of 8 and SCALE of 1, and click OK.

e)

Notice that a field named ACRES has been added to the end of the table, and that its value for every record is 0.

f)

Close the attribute table by clicking the X in the upper right hand corner.

11. Start an Editing Session In the next exercise, you will make more actual changes to your data. There are two ways to make these changes: the irreversible way, where if you make a mistake you are stuck with it; and the safer way, where you can choose after you’ve made the changes whether or not you want to keep them. Needless to say, it’s a good idea to do it the safer, reversible way--by starting an editing session--and that’s what you’ll learn here. Strangely, though adding a field to a table is also making an actual data change, you can not do it inside an editing session. a)

First, you must add a new toolbar --the EDITOR toolbar -- to your interface.

b)

Click the EDITOR toolbar icon in the STANDARD toolbar..

c)

Dock the EDITOR toolbar under the STANDARD toolbar by dragging it to the top of the page, and dropping it under the STANDARD toolbar.

d)

From the EDITOR menu of the EDITOR toolbar, select START EDITING.

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Attribute Tables

e)

From the Start Editing dialogue, select C:\Arc8workshop\pbnh. This means that you will be editing in the pbnh directory, and therefore on the pbnh.shp shapefile, and not the wshedp.shp shapefile.

f)

Click OK.

12. Calculate the Value of a Field Now that you have started an editing session, you can safely make actual changes to the data. When you stop the editing session, you will be prompted to save those changes -- so you can discard them if you have made a mistake. a)

Right click on NH Towns and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE. Notice that the editable fields now have white headers, and that there is a pencil icon in the corner of the window.

b)

Scroll over to your new field, ACRES, and right click on its heading.

c)

Select CALCULATE VALUES.

d)

Click on AREA, then the forward slash, then type in 43560. Your statement should read: [AREA] / 43560.

It already knows you are calculating a value for the field ACRES -you don’t have to type that in.

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e)

Click OK.

f)

Notice that the ACRES field is now populated with values.

g)

From the EDITOR menu of the EDITOR toolbar, select STOP EDITING.

h)

Click YES to save your changes.

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13. Freeze and Unfreeze Fields in a Table When you look at a table like NH Towns, you probably always want the name of towns to be visible, even as you scroll across the table. You can do that by freezing the column. a)

Right click on the heading of the NAME field.

b)

Select FREEZE/UNFREEZE COLUMN.

c)

Now scroll across the table, and notice that NAME is always visible, while the other fields scroll past.

d)

You can always unfreeze the field by right-clicking again, and selecting FREEZE/UNFREEZE COLUMN again.

e)

Close the attribute table by clicking the X in the upper right hand corner.

f)

Save your document by pressing Ctrl-S..

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Attribute Tables

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CHAPTER 3

Selecting Features

Selecting features is useful when you want to work with a subset of a data layer—for example if you want to calculate a value for a set of records, dissolve the borders between a set of features, or copy a set of features to a new layer. In the last chapter you explored some ways of selecting features directly from an attribute table; here you will investigate some more techniques.

1. Open an Existing Map a)

If it is not already open, click the Open button, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\.mxd.

b)

Click Open.

2. Identify Features a)

Drag NH Towns to the top of the TABLE OF CONTENTS.

b)

Put a check mark next to NH Towns to make it visible.

c)

Remove the check mark next to Watersheds to make it invisible.

d)

Right click on NH Towns and select ZOOM TO LAYER.

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e)

Click on the IDENTIFY tool and then click on any features in your view. The Identify Results window displays the attributes of the features you clicked on.

TIP: You can hold down the Shift or Ctrl key while you use the IDENTIFY tool to accumulate a list of features in the results window. TIP: You may need to move the Identify Results window around so you can see your map better. You can also re-size the Identify Results window by dragging one of its corners. NOTE: The Identify Tool lets you select which layer you want to identify. From the drop down list at the top of the Identify Results window, you can tell it to identify all layers, any individual layer, all visible layers, or (by default) the top-most layer. f)

Close the Identify Results window by clicking the X in its upper right hand corner.

3. Set Selectable Layers In addition to using the FIND tool, you can also select features by directly clicking on them with the SELECT FEATURES Tool. It’s a good idea to first specify which layers you want to interactively select from. AV3 NOTE: In ArcGIS, there is no such thing as an active layer. ArcMap doesn’t care which layer is highlighted at any given point in time. All layers are considered active for most actions in ArcMap, though you can limit that by setting which layer(s) you want to be selectable.

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a)

From the SELECTION menu, choose SET SELECTABLE LAYERS.

b)

Uncheck the box next to Watersheds, leaving the one next to NH Towns checked. This will allow only NH Towns to be selected with the SELECT FEATURES tool. You would still be able to select features from the other layers using the FIND dialogue or by selecting records in their attribute tables.

c)

Click CLOSE in the SET SELECTABLE LAYERS window.

4. Add Selection Tab to Table of Contents While it may be a nice feature to be able to select from any and all features, it can also be confusing -- if you have many layers in your TABLE OF CONTENTS, try keeping track of which ones are selectable! Also, it would be time-consuming to keep changing the selectable layers. To help this, you can add a new tab to your TABLE OF CONTENTS pane that shows the selectable layers. a)

From the TOOLS menu, select OPTIONS.

b)

Click on the TOC (Table of Contents) tab.

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c)

Put a check mark next to SELECTION to make it visible in the TABLE OF CONTENTS.

d)

Click OK.

The Selection tab is added to the TABLE OF CONTENTS pane, next to the tabs for DISPLAY and SOURCE. TIP: You may need to expand the TABLE OF CONTENTS to see all three tabs -- hover the curser over the right hand border of the TOC until the cursor changes to a two-way arrow, and then drag the border to the right. e)

Click on the SELECTION tab, and see that you can change your selectable layers here.

f)

Click back on the DISPLAY tab.

5. Use the Select Features Tool You can also select features interactively in the display area by using the Select Features tool. Remember, this will select featurea from whatever layer or layers you have set as “selectable.”

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a)

Click on the SELECT FEATURES TOOL.

b)

Click on some towns. Notice that the boundary of the selected town is highlighted, and that as you click on a new town, the old one is no longer selected.

c)

To select multiple towns, hold down the SHIFT key while you click on towns.

d)

You can also click and drag to draw a box with the tool and select all of the towns that are within or partially within that box.

e)

Click on the SELECTION tab to see the count of selected features. Switch back to the DISPLAY tab when you are done.

6. Clear Selected Features a)

Click anywhere in the display area that is outside of the map of NH.

TIP: If you have features selected from multiple layers, this would clear all selected features from all layers -- which may not be the result you want. In that case, you would be better off clearing selected features by right-clicking on the layer name, and choosing SELECTION - CLEAR SELECTED FEATURES.

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Selecting Features

b)

Save your map document.

7. Finding Features You can use the FIND tool to search for a particular attribute, like a town with a certain name.

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a)

Click on the FIND Tool.

b)

In the FIND DIALOGUE that appears, type in or select the following values: i)

Type “Manchester” in FIND box

ii)

Select “NH Towns” from the LAYERS menu

iii)

Search in FIELD “NAME”

c)

Click FIND.

d)

Move the dialogue box to a corner of the screen so that you can see your view window as well.

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e)

Right click on the result and select FLASH FEATURE.

Right click anywhere in here f)

Now right click on the result and select IDENTIFY FEATURE.

g)

Click on the IDENTIFY RESULTS window to bring it to the foreground. Notice that it provides you with a list of all of the attributes for the city of Manchester. Close the IDENTIFY RESULTS window by clicking the X in the upper corner, and return to the FIND window.

h)

Right click on the result and choose SELECT FEATURE.

i)

Close the FIND window by clicking the X in the upper corner. Note that Manchester is still selected in the view window.

j)

Right click on NH Towns and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

k)

At the bottom of the table, it should say that one record (out of 259) is selected.

l)

Click on the SHOW SELECTED button, and see that Manchester is, in fact, selected in the table.

m)

Close the attribute table.

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8. Bookmark an Extent a)

Right-click on Towns.

b)

Choose SELECTION - ZOOM TO SELECTED FEATURES.

Your map view should have zoomed in to the city of Manchester. You can bookmark this zoom extent, so that you can easily return to Manchester later. AV3 NOTE: Bookmarks are one way to simulate the multiple Views of ArcView 3.x. For example, if you want to create a map of the conservation lands in each of several towns, you can set up the layers and symbology as you want them in each map, and bookmark each town. When you need to print the maps, you can just zoom to each bookmark. c)

From the VIEW menu, select BOOKMARKS - CREATE.

d)

Type “Manchester” in the window that appears, and click OK.

e)

Click the FULL EXTENT button.

9. Zoom to a Bookmark a)

To return to your bookmarked location, from the VIEW menu, select BOOK- MANCHESTER.

MARKS

b) c)

Right-click on Towns, and select ZOOM TO LAYER. Right click on NH Towns, and choose SELECTION - CLEAR SELECTED FEATURES.

10. Select By Attributes You can develop more complex selections by using the SELECT BY ATTRIBUTES dialogue, available either through the attribute table or the SELECTION menu.

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a)

Right click on NH Towns and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

b)

Click on OPTIONS, and choose SELECT BY ATTRIBUTES.

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AV3 NOTE: “Select by Attributes” is like the Query Builder in ArcView 3 -- but it’s actually much easier to use because it doesn’t need all those complicated brackets and parentheses. c)

Make sure that CREATE A NEW SELECTION is selected in the drop down menu at the top of the dialogue window.

d)

Double click on the field “Name”.

e)

Single click on “=”.

f)

Double click on “Durham”.

TIP: If the value you want does not appear in the Unique Values list, click on COMPLETE LIST. You can also type in values -- strings should be in single quotes, and numbers should not be quoted. g)

Click Apply.

h)

In the attribute table, you can scroll down to see that Durham is selected, or click the SHOW SELECTED button to show only the selected record.

i)

Move the attribute table out of the way so that you can verify that Durham is selected in the display area, as well.

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j)

Move the attribute table back into view, and click the OPTIONS button and choose SELECT BY ATTRIBUTES again. Examine the SELECT BY ATTRIBUTES window. The following operators are available: = > < <> >= <= () and or not like _ % ? *

equals greater than less than not equal to greather than or equal to less than or equal to expressions in parentheses are evaluated first indicates that both expressions are true indicates that at least one expression is true excludes used with a wildcard character in a partial string search indicates one character (for coverages, shapefiles, or SDE data) indicates any number of characters(for coverages, shapefiles, or SDE data) indicates one character (not shown here; for geodatabases only) any number of characters (not shown here; for geodatabases only)

Click on the Help button if you want to learn more about these operators and their use. k)

Practice selecting by attributes by trying the queries in the following table. (Be sure to read the tips that follow the table!) To execute all these queries, you will need to change the method (at the top of the SELECT BY ATTRIBUTES window.)

Query:

Method:

Name = Acworth or Name = Alexandria

Create a New Selection Add to Current Selection Select from Current Selection

Name = Dalton Name = Dalton Name = Keene

Select from Current Selection

County = 5 and Area < 500,000,000

Create a New Selection

Create your own query using two different fields (e.g., name and area)

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Result: Acworth and Alexandria selected Acworth, Alexandria and Dalton selected Only Dalton is selected. Nothing is selected. There was no town with the name of Keene in the existing set because the existing set was Dalton. Gilsum, Surry, Roxbury and Troy, the 4 smallest towns in Cheshire County are selected.

TIP: You must build complete equations when using SELECT BY ATTRIBUTES. For example, ArcMap will not accept: "NAME" = 'Concord' OR 'Manchester' ArcMap will accept: "NAME" = 'Concord' OR “NAME” = 'Manchester' TIP: You cannot use commas with numbers. For example, ArcMap will not accept: "ACRES" < 500,000 ArcMap will accept: "ACRES" = 500000 TIP: Click the Clear button (below the query window) to clear your SQL statement and start over.

11. Review: Select by Attributes a)

Find all the towns in Grafton County (County = 9) whose area is less than 12,000 acres.

b)

The town of Wilmot is listed in the data as being a member of Central NH Regionall Planning Commission (RPA = 5). The town is no longer a member. Using one or more queries, select all the towns in RPA 5 except Wilmot.

c)

Clear all selected features by clicking the OPTIONS button at the bottom of the attribute table, and choosing CLEAR SELECTION.

NOTE: If you have chosen to view only the selected features of your table (by clicking the SHOW SELECTED button), you cannot clear the selected features. You must first show all features, and then clear the selected features. d)

Close the attribute table.

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12. Select by Location ArcMap allows you to select features of one layer based on their spatial relationship to selected features of another layer. There are many useful applications of this function. Below, you will determine which towns are within the Androscoggin River watershed. a)

Turn on Watersheds, and move it to the top of the TABLE OF CONTENTS.

b)

Select the Androscoggin River basin. From the SELECTION menu, choose SELECT BY ATTRIBUTES.

NOTE: Note that it when you open the SELECT BY ATTRIBUTES window in this way, and not through the attribute table, you need to specify which layer you want to query. You can also use a Query Wizard, but it is probably easier just to get comfortable with the operators and build your own queries. c)

Make sure Watersheds is the layer to be queried.

d)

Build the query, "HU_6_NAME" = 'Androscoggin River', and click APPLY.

NOTE: You may remember that you gave the field “HU_6_NAME” an alias: “Major Basin Name.” For some reason, however, aliases aren’t listed in this table, so you need to know the original names as well.

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e)

Close the SELECT BY ATTRIBUTES window.

f)

From the SELECTION menu, choose SELECT BY LOCATION.

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g)

Put a check mark next to NH Towns, choose Intersect, and select Watersheds as the other layer.

h)

From top to bottom of the SELECT BY LOCATION window, your selection statement should read: I want to select features from NH Towns that intersect the features from Watersheds, using selected features (from Watersheds).

TIP: While you are here, you may want to draw down the menus to see what other options are available. The first menu (following “I want to:”) offers the same choices as the Select By Attributes dialogue; the next menu, (following “that:”) allows you to select features of one layer that fulfill a broad variety of relationships with the another layer (in addition to “intersect”, you will see options like “are within a distance of,” “are completely within,” and “touch the boundary of”). i)

Click APPLY, and close the SELECT BY LOCATION window.

13. Change Selected Features Symbol A number of towns are now selected, but it is very difficult to see them, because NH Towns and Watersheds use the same selection symbol--they are both highlighted in light blue.

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a)

Right click on NH Towns and open the PROPERTIES window.

b)

Click on the SELECTION tab.

c)

Click on the third option, “With this Color,” and click on the symbol patch to choose a color.

d)

Choose a yellow square.

e)

Click APPLY.

f)

To list the towns that are now selected, open the NH Towns attribute table.

g)

Click SHOW SELECTED, and scroll through the selected towns. These are all of the towns that intersect the Androscoggin River basin.

h)

Click SHOW ALL.

i)

Close the attribute table by clicking the X in the upper right hand corner.

j)

Click on the SELECT FEATURES tool, and click in the display area outside of the map. Notice that this clears the selected features in NH Towns and Watersheds.

k)

Save your map document.

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CHAPTER 4

Thematic Maps

1. Open an Existing Map a)

If it is not already open, click the Open button, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\.mxd.

b)

Click OPEN.

2. Display by Unique Values Symbolize each major watershed basin with a different color. a)

Right click on Watersheds, and select PROPERTIES.

b)

Click on the SYMBOLOGY tab.

c)

There are a number of different ways to symbolize your data, and you can select the one you are interested in from the list at the left: FEATURES, CATEGORIES, QUANTITIES, CHARTS, or MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTES. There are also suboptions that appear when you click on one of these headings. FEATURES— SINGLE SYMBOL is the symbology used by default.

d)

Click on CATEGORIES to display the various sub-options available under this heading.

e)

Click on QUANTITIES to display the sub-options available there, and then click on each of the other options, before returning again to CATEGORIES. As you click on each option, notice that the sample graphic below changes.

f)

Choose the first sub-option under CATEGORIES, which is UNIQUE VALUES.

g)

Choose the value field, “Major Basin Name.”

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Thematic Maps

h)

Click ADD ALL VALUES.

i)

Remove the check mark next to “all other values.”

j)

Click APPLY, and move the PROPERTIES window out of the way so you can see the results.

k)

If you like, you can choose a new color scheme from the drop down samples. Click APPLY when you find one you want.

3. Remove Outlines from All Values You may not wish to see the outlines of all the subwatersheds. You can hide them by setting their outlines as No Color.

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a)

Right click on any of the values (like Androscoggin River) in the PROPERITES window.

b)

Select PROPERTIES FOR ALL SYMBOLS.

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c)

Click the color patch next to OUTLINE COLOR, and choose NO COLOR.

Click here

d)

Click OK, and then click OK again.

e)

Save your document.

4. Symbolize With Graduated Color It is often helpful to have the town and county boundaries displayed on a map. All of NH’s political boundaries are stored in the pbnh_arc shapefile, and each line is coded to reflect whether it is a town boundary only, town and county boundary, or town, county, and state boundary. Drawing each of these types with a different line color enhances the legibility of the map, and adds useful locational references to the map. a)

Click the ADD DATA button.

b)

Navigate to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\PBNH and add pbnh_arc.shp.

c)

Again -- Don’t worry if you get that warning about missing spatial reference information! Just click OK.

d)

Right click on pbnh_arc and select ZOOM TO LAYER

e)

Right click on pbnh_arc and select PROPERTIES.

f)

Click on the SYMBOLOGY tab.

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Thematic Maps

g)

Select QUANTITIES – GRADUATED COLOR from the left hand side of the window.

h)

For the VALUE FIELD, select “Type”

NOTE: In pbnh_arc, “Type” represents what kind of boundary a line is -- whether it is a state boundary, county boundary, or just a town boundary.

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i)

Click APPLY and move the window out of the way so you can view the result. Do you like the effect? It probably looks a little strange—by default, ArcMap assigns a light color to the value 1, and a darker color to the value 3. But because in this case 1 represents state boundaries, we want it to be darker than 2 (county boundaries) or 3 (town boundaries).

j)

Right click on one of the line colors in the PROPERTIES window and select FLIP SYMBOLS— this will use the same color ramp, but reverse the order in which it is assigned.

k)

Click APPLY and move the window again, so you can see the result. If you would prefer, select a different color ramp by clicking on the arrow to the right of the color ramp display. You might want to try a gray-scale color ramp. If you need to change an individual color, you can always do so by double-clicking on that symbol.

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5.

l)

When you are happy with your color scheme, click OK.

m)

Save your document.

Review: Symbolize Using Graduated Color Display towns as a range of colors based on their size. a)

Remove the check mark next to Watersheds to hide that layer.

b)

Double click on NH Towns and open the PROPERTIES window.

c)

Under the SYMBOLOGY tab, select QUANTITIES -- GRADUATED COLORS.

d)

From the VALUE FIELD list, select ACRES.

e)

Choose an appropriate color ramp.

f)

Click APPLY.

g)

Move the PROPERTIES window out of the way so you can see the results.

You have a lot of control over how this map appears. ArcMap has defaulted to breaking the data down into five categories, and it chose where to put the breaks between these categories. You can change each of these parameters. h)

Click the CLASSIFY button to change the classification method.

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Thematic Maps

i)

You can manually manipulate the breaks by dragging the break lines to the left or right, as desired, or by entering break values in the list at the right. You may want to do this so that the breaks are at round numbers, which will make the legend easier to interpret.

j)

Set the break values to: 12000 24000 36000 84000 200000

Type values here

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k)

Click OK, and then APPLY. Move the Properties window so you can view the results.

l)

Now you will change the number of classes to 8. Ordinarily, you can do this from the Properties window itself (in the box next to the Classify button), but now that you have manually defined classes, you must first change the classification method.

m)

Click the CLASSIFY button.

n)

Change the classification method back to NATURAL BREAKS.

o)

Change the number of classes to 8, and click OK and APPLY.

p)

View your results. Does the map look very different?

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NOTE: Remember that as you increase the number of classes on your map, it may become more difficult to distinguish adjacent classes from each other. You need to find a happy medium between having enough classes to represent the variability in your data, and having symbols that are easy to differentiate. TIP: Check out http://www.colorbrewer.org. This website was developed by a professor at Penn State to help mapmakers choose appropriate color schemes for their maps. You define the type of map (unique values vs. graduated color) and the number of classes, and it provides a number of sample color schemes. Each is rated based on how well it shows up in print, on a computer screen, projected with an LCD projector, and how well color-blind people can interpret it. q)

Click the CLASSIFY button to change the classification method.

r)

Choose EQUAL INTERVAL, which spaces the breaks evenly across the full range of data.

s)

Click OK, and then APPLY.

t)

Look at your map. Probably this is not a terribly effective map! All of the variation in your data is lumped into just a couple of classes.

u)

Click the CLASSIFY button again, and this time change the classification method to STANDARD DEVIATION and the interval size to 1/2 STD DEV.

v)

Click OK, and then APPLY.

w)

Clearly, this map looks very different from the others that you created.

NOTE: The type of classification you use will depend on your data and the message you want to convey. As with statistics, you can lie with maps. It is up to you, as a responsible map-maker, to use a classification method that clearly represents your data without being misleading. x)

Click FEATURES - SINGLE SYMBOL to return to representing NH Towns with just one color.

y)

Click OK, and turn off NH Towns so it is no longer displayed.

6. Group Values in a Legend In this exercise, you will work with the roads data layer from the NH Department of Transportation (DOT). The DOT roads data (also known as SmartRoads or SmartMap) includes a lot of attribute information, like the name of the road, the direction it goes (for divided highways), the surface type, and who is responsible for maintenance. It also classes the data by something called System/Class, or S_Class. UNH Cooperative Extension

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S_Class, in turn, is related to the more commonly used legislative classes (class 1 being primary roads, class 6 being un-maintained roads). The DOT roads metadata document (available in the appendix) describes this relationship as follows: Class I II III IV V VI

System / Class 11 19 81 22 29 33 14 24 44 25 55 58 66

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Although dot_roads.shp does not include the legislative class categories, you can derive those categories from S_Class. In this exercise, you will group values together in the legend to represent legislative class.

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a)

Click the ADD DATA button, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\DotRoads.

b)

Select dot_roads.shp, and click ADD.

c)

Right click on dot_roads in the TABLE OF CONTENTS, and click PROPERTIES.

d)

On the SYMBOLOGY tab, select CATEGORIES - UNIQUE VALUES.

e)

Choose S_Class for the VALUE FIELD.

f)

Click ADD ALL VALUES.

g)

Remove the check mark next to “all other values”.

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h)

Select 11, hold down the CTRL key, and select 19, 81, and 89. These S_Class values all represent Class 1 roads.

i)

Right click, and select GROUP VALUES.

j)

In the label column, type “Class 1” where it says “11;19;81;89”. Now, “Class 1” will appear in the legend, and that will be a lot more meaningful to the user.

k)

Select 22, hold down the CTRL key, and select 29.

l)

Right click, and select GROUP VALUES. Label this group “Class 2.”

m)

Continue for classes 3 - 6, according to the table on page 52. Notice that Class 3 and Class 6 only contain one S-Class value each, so you won’t need to group any values for these.

n)

Group together any leftover values (like 0, 27, and 77), and label them “Other.”

o)

If necessary, re-arrange the legend list so the classes are in order by selecting a class and clicking the up or down arrows to the right. Put “Other” at the bottom.

p)

Click OK, and view your map. Notice that the legend in the TABLE OF CONhas been updated.

TENTS

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7. Change Symbols in the Table of Contents a)

You may want to adjust the symbol that is assigned to each road class. You can do this within the Properties window, but you can also do it from the Table of Contents itself.

b)

Right click on the symbol line next to Class 1. This brings up the COLOR PALETTE, and allows you to choose a new color for the line. However, you are not able to change the line’s other properties -- like its width, or whether it’s a dashed or solid line.

c)

Left click on the symbol line next to Class 1. This brings up the SYMBOL SELECTOR, which allows you to change any of the line’s properties. It also contains a number of pre-defined styles, which may be very helpful to you.

d)

Click on the symbol “Highway” and click OK.

e)

Left click on the symbol line next to Class 2.

f)

Choose the symbol for “Major Road” and click OK.

g)

Continue for the rest of the classes. Use the symbols or line colors that you think are appropriate.

h)

Save your map.

8. Use a Definition Query a) 54

Remove the check mark next to dot_roads.

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b)

Click the ADD DATA button, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Hydro.

c)

Holding down the CTRL key, select hydrobuf_p.shp and hydrobuf_a.shp.

NOTE: hydrobuf_p.shp and hydrobuf_a.shp represent surface water features, both polygon features (lakes, ponds, and large rivers) and arc features (smaller rivers and streams). These data layers are derived from USGS digital line graphs, and they are distributed by GRANIT (NH’s statewide GIS) in tiles that correspond to USGS 7.5 minute quadrangles. These shapefiles here have been merged together from a number of those quadrangles, but they retain some of the quad lines. d)

Right click on hydrobuf_p and select ZOOM TO LAYER.

e)

Right click on hydrobuf_p and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

f)

Review the attribute fields in the table.

g)

Turn to the metadata in the appendix to learn what these codes mean. Note that HYP is the code that defines what type of water body is present, and that HYP = 0 is Upland.

h)

Close the attribute table.

i)

Double-click on hydrobuf_p to open the PROPERTIES window.

j)

Go to the DEFINITION QUERY tab and click on QUERY BUILDER.

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k)

Double-click on HYP, single-click on <> (which means not equal to), and double-click on 0, to yield the SQL statement "HYP" <> 0. This statement restricts the hydrobuf_p that appears in your map view to only those records where HYP does not equal 0—that is, only those records that are wetland or water.

l)

Click OK in the QUERY BUILDER, and OK again in the DEFINITION QUERY tab.

m)

Now, only the open water and wetland areas are now displayed. (You may need to turn off all other layers so you can see this clearly.)

9. Definition Queries: Review

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a)

Repeat the above process for hydrobuf_a, to eliminate the quad boundary lines that persist in the appended coverage.

b)

First, review the metadata to determine which code represents those lines.

c)

Double-click on hydrobuf_a to open the PROPERTIES window.

d)

Go to the DEFINITION QUERY tab and click on QUERY BUILDER.

e)

Double-click on HYA, single-click on <> (which means not equal to), and double-click on 0, to yield the SQL statement "HYA" <> 0. This statement restricts those features of hydrobuf_a that appear in your map view to only those records where HYA does not equal 0—that is, it eliminates the quad lines from the view.

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f)

Click OK in the QUERY BUILDER, and OK again in the DEFINITION QUERY.

g)

Notice that the quad boundary lines have been removed from most of the map view.

10. Optional: Remove Quad Lines from within Polygon Features While most of the quadrangle lines are no longer displayedd, there are a few that are still visible where they cross through the middle of polygon features – these are the outlines of the polygons from adjacent quadrangles. a)

Double click on hydrobuf_p to open the PROPERTIES window.

b)

Go to the SYMBOLOGY tab.

c)

Click on the symbol to open the SYMBOL SELECTOR window.

d)

If you wish, select a new fill color for the hydrobuf_p polygons.

e)

Click on the OUTLINE COLOR button, and select NO COLOR.

f)

Click OK in the SYMBOL SELECTOR window, and OK again in the PROPERTIES window.

g)

Save your map.

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CHAPTER 5

Layers

After working through the last chapter, you are probably getting a good idea of how much work can go into setting up the symbology of a data set. It would be very timeintensive to go through that effort each time you wanted to use a common data set. Fortunately, you do not have to--you can save the symbology (and more) as a layer file. In ArcGIS, a layer stores the symbology, query, labeling and other qualities of a theme that you have set in your map document. Your map is really made up of layers -- the document does not contain the data files themselves, but pointers that reference the data files. But unless you explicitly save a layer file, all of the symbology you set in your map is only saved in the map document itself, and cannot be used in other maps. In this exercise, you will learn how to save a layer file outside of your map, so you can later add it to other maps. For example, you can now create a layer for NH Roads that will include all of the symbology you just developed. When you make a new map and want to include roads, you can add the layer instead of the base shapefile, and all of the symbology will be included. Remember that a layer file does not actually include the data itself—it references a data set stored elsewhere.

1. Open an Existing Map a)

If it is not already open, click the Open button, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\.mxd.

b)

Click OPEN.

2. Save a Layer File a)

Turn on dot_roads, and turn off all other layers.

b)

Zoom to the full extent of NH.

c)

Right click on dot_roads and select SAVE AS LAYER FILE.

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d)

Navigate to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\DOTRoads.

e)

Name your layer dot_roads_class.lyr.

f)

Click SAVE.

g)

Right click on dot_roads and select REMOVE.

h)

Turn off all other data sets in the document.

i)

Click the ADD DATA button and add the layer file you just created, dot_roads_class.lyr.

j)

Note that the symbology that you set has been retained.

3. Review: Save a Layer File

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a)

Turn off dot_roads, and turn on Watersheds.

b)

Right click on Watersheds, and select SAVE AS LAYER FILE.

c)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Watersheds

d)

Name your layer major_basins.lyr, and click SAVE.

e)

Right click on pbnh_arc, and select SAVE AS LAYER FILE.

f)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Pbnh.

g)

Name the file PoliticalBoundaries.lyr and click SAVE.

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4. Save a Group Layer While it is useful to save a single layer like you just did, you can also save several data sets (with their symobology, labeling, definition queries, etc.) as a group layer. You can then add that group layer to a map, just like a single data layer. AV3 NOTE: Saving a group layer is a handy way to emulate some of the functionality of ArcView 3, in which you can have multiple views and layouts. a)

Select pbnh_arc, hold down the CTRL key, and then select dot_roads, and Watersheds.

b)

Right click on any one of these layers, and select GROUP.

c)

A “New Group Layer” is added to the TABLE OF CONTENTS, and these three data sets are within it. Right now, however, this layer still only exists in this map document--you could not add it to another map.

d)

Right click on “New Group Layer” in the TABLE OF CONTENTS, and select PROPERTIES.

e)

Click on the GENERAL tab, and type “NH Statewide Data” in the LAYER NAME box.

f)

Click OK..

g)

Right click on NH Statewide Data in the TABLE CONTENTS, and select SAVE AS LAYER FILE.

OF

h)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data.

i)

Name your layer nh_statewide_data.lyr, and click SAVE.

j)

Save your map document.

k)

Open a new map by clicking the NEW MAP FILE button.

l)

Click the ADD DATA button, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data.

m)

Select NH Statewide Data.lyr, and click OPEN.

n)

The three data layers should come in, just as you had them set in the previous map document.

o)

Notice that you can turn off the entire group, or any one layer at a time.

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5. Practice With Layers: the Land Cover Data Set Using layers is very helpful when working with data sets that have complicated legends. a)

Right click on the NH Statewide Data group, and select REMOVE.

b)

Click the ADD DATA button and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\LandCover.

c)

Click on nhlc01 – make sure you choose the one that has a grey square next to it, and does not have a .lyr suffix.

d)

Click ADD.

e)

In the window that appears, choose the second option: DO NOT BUILD PYRAMIDS.

TIP: Pyramids are copies of the original bands of data in which the spatial resolution has been reduced. When working with a very large data set, it can be helpful to build pyramids because it allows the data to be drawn more quickly in the ArcGIS data frame. They do, however, make your data set look coarser than it really is. For more information on building pyramids, click the HELP button in the CREATE PYRAMIDS window.

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Look at the legend that appears in the TABLE OF CONTENTS – there are many values, each represented with just a number, and the colors are assigned randomly. f)

Turn off nhlc01 in the TABLE OF CONTENTS.

g)

Click ADD DATA button again, and click on the nhcl01.lyr layer – make sure that this time you choose the one that has a yellow diamond icon.

h)

Click ADD.

6. Fix a “Lost” Layer Reference NOTE: Remember that a layer file does not actually contain the data: it only points to the data. As a result, sometimes the pointer can get “lost” when files are copied or moved. If this has happened, a red exclamation point will appear in the TABLE OF CONTENTS next to the layer name. a)

If a red exclamation point appears in your TABLE CONTENTS, right click on NH Land Cover Assessment, and choose SET DATA SOURCE.

OF

b)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Landcover and select NHLC01.

Notice that the land cover data set is now drawn with an understandable legend and appropriate colors. It makes it a lot easier to understand the data, and saves a lot of time setting up symbology.

7. Save Changes to a Layer File a)

To save your changed data path to the landcover data layer, right click on NH Land Cover Assessment, and choose SAVE AS LAYER FILE.

b)

Choose the current layer file name, nhlc01.lyr, and click SAVE.

c)

Click YES to replace the current file.

d)

Close ArcMap without saving your changes to the map document.

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Working With Labels

CHAPTER 6

1. Open ArcMap a)

If ArcMap is not already open, start it by double-clicking on the ArcMap icon on your desktop. If an icon is not present, you can use the Start Menu instead. Usually, you will find ArcMap if you click on:

i) ii)

b)

START BUTTON PROGRAMS ARCGIS ARCMAP From the dialogue that appears, choose the third option, START USING ARCMAP WITH: A NEW EMPTY MAP. Click OK.

If ArcMap is already open, click the NEW MAP FILE button from the STANDARD TOOLBAR.

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c)

Click the ADD DATA button.

d)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Watersheds, and select Watersheds.lyr, and click OPEN.

NOTE: Make sure that you select your layer file of watersheds (the one with a yellow diamond icon), so that you keep all the symbology and other changes you made to the layer. e)

Click the ADD DATA button again.

f)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\PBNH, select pbnh.shp, and click OPEN.

2. Set Data Frame Properties

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a)

Right click on the data frame name, “Layers.”

b)

Select PROPERTIES.

c)

Select the GENERAL tab.

d)

In the NAME section, delete “Layers” and type in “NH Watersheds.”

e)

In the UNITS section, select FEET for both MAP and DISPLAY units.

f)

Select the COORDINATE SYSTEM tab, and notice that no projection is selected.

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g)

Expand the FAVORITES folder, and select NAD 1983 StatePlane New Hampshire FIPS 2800 (Feet).

h)

Click OK to apply these changes and close the PROPERTIES window.

3. Save Your Map a)

Save your map document by clicking the save button..

b)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\ and name your document NH_watersheds.mxd.

c)

Click OK.

4. Review: Change Layer Display Name a)

Right click on pbnh, and select Properties.

b)

Click the GENERAL tab.

c)

Type “NH Towns” in the NAME box, in place of “pbnh.”

d)

Click OK.

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5. Review: Change Fill Color in the Table of Contents a)

Right click on the symbol patch below NH Towns and select “No Color” from the top of the COLOR PALETTE.

6. Use the Label Tool to Label Features The label tool is a quick and easy way to label features. It creates graphic labels, which are easy to move, resize, delete, etc. However, it would not be efficient to use if, for example, you wanted to label all of the towns in NH. a)

Make sure the Drawing Toolbar is available at the bottom of your screen. i)

If it is not, right click on any toolbar, and select “Drawing” from the dropdown list that appears. Dock the toolbar at the bottom of your screen.

Drawing Toolbar:

Click here to access the Label Tool

b)

Click on the small arrow next to the “A” on the Drawing toolbar. Make sure you choose the “A” toward the left hand side of the toolbar, and not the “A” toward the right hand side of the toolbar.

c)

Choose the LABEL TOOL, which is the one that looks like a little label tag.

d)

Leave the default label options, and close the dialogue that appears.

Close this window

e)

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Click on a couple of towns with the LABEL TOOL.

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NOTE: Unlike the SELECT FEATURES TOOL, the LABEL TOOL automatically works with the topmost visible layer in the TABLE OF CONTENTS.

7. Change Label Text Size, Font, and Color The labels that appear may not be the size you want. You can change their size and color very easily. a)

Click on the arrow pointer.

b)

Select the label or labels you want to change. (To select more than one label, hold down the Shift key while selecting.)

Pointer

Font

Text Size

Text color Text Style

c)

Select a new text size from the drop down menu. You can also enter a new size that is not listed in the menu. Just type the number in the box, and hit enter.

d)

You can also change the font by picking a new one from the drop down font menu.

e)

Change the color of the text by clicking the “A” on the right hand side, and selecting a new color from the palette.

8. Delete Graphic Labels a)

Select a label you want to delete, and press the DELETE key.

b)

Select all of your labels by choosing SELECT ALL ELEMENTS from the EDIT menu.

c)

Press the DELETE key.

9. Change the Label Field a)

Turn off NH Towns by removing its check mark in the TABLE OF CONTENTS.

b)

Select the LABEL tool, and again accept the default options.

c)

Close the Options dialogue by clicking the X in the upper right hand corner.

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d)

With the LABEL tool, click in a couple of places in the same watershed basin.

e)

Notice that different labels appear in the same watershed basin. This is because it is using the sub-watershed name to label the features. We want to use the major basin name, instead.

f)

From the EDIT menu, choose SELECT ALL ELEMENTS.

g)

Press the DELETE key.

h)

Right click on Watersheds, and open the PROPERTIES window.

i)

Choose the LABELS tab.

j)

From the LABEL FIELD drop down list, choose MAJOR BASIN NAME.

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k)

Click OK.

l)

Pick up the LABEL tool, and again click in a couple of places in the same watershed basin. This time, the same name should appear -- the name of the major basin itself.

10. Use a Pre-defined Label Style Now you will create labels using a pre-defined style that is more appropriate for watersheds. a)

Select all your labels, and delete them again.

b)

Open the PROPERTIES window again.

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c)

Click the LABEL STYLES button near the bottom of the LABELS tab.

Click here

As you can see, there are a number of pre-defined styles, for everything from cities to oceans. You can also add style sets geared toward a particular discipline, like geology or crime analysis, by clicking the MORE STYLES button. d)

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There is not an option for major drainage basin, so choose “Sea,” and click OK.

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Notice that the text symbol in the PROPERTIES window has been updated. You can also manually change the text properties by clicking SYMBOL button here. e)

Click OK.

f)

Pick up the LABEL tool, and again label the watershed basins. This time, just click once in each basin.

11. Re-position and Format Graphic Labels a)

Pick up the POINTER tool from either the Tools or Drawing toolbar.

b)

Several of the labels, like “Upper Connecticut River” are very long. You can break them into multiple lines.

c)

Double click on “Upper Connecticut River.”

d)

Insert the cursor between “Upper” and “Connecticut” and press Enter.

e)

Insert the cursor between “Connecticut” and “River” and press Enter.

f)

Select the Center button to center these lines of text.

Insert Line Breaks

Center Text:

g)

Click OK.

h)

Now select the “Upper Connecticut River” label, and move it to the best spot.

i)

Re-format each of the other labels.

j)

Position each of the labels just outside the state border near their appropriate watersheds.

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12. Optional: The Spline Tool and Callout Boxes There are a couple of other fun and useful text tools available on the Drawing toolbar. a)

Click on the small arrow next to the LABEL tool on the DRAWING toolbar, and select the CALLOUT BOX tool.

b)

Click anywhere on your map, and drag off the map a little bit.

c)

Type “NH” in the text box that appears.

d)

Try moving the callout box around a little bit.

e)

Select your callout box (or boxes), and press DELETE.

Click Here

Select the

Callout tool

AV3 NOTE: Unfortunately, and unlike ArcView 3, the CALLOUT BOX and SPLINE tools cannot work like label tools in ArcMap -- that is, they will not automatically label a feature with the value in the label field.

The SPLINE tool is used to create text that follows a curvy line -- particularly handy for roads and streams.

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f)

Click on the Spline tool, and click out a path leading up the western boundary of the state. At the end of your path, double click to release the tool.

g)

Type “Connecticut River” in the text box that appears, and press Enter.

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13. Auto-label Features Rather than clicking every town in the state with the label tool, you can automatically label all of the towns at once. This has the advantage of being much quicker, but unfortunately, you cannot individually position or re-format any of these labels. a)

Turn NH Towns on again.

b)

Right click on NH Towns and select LABEL FEATURES.

Your map probably looks pretty crowded, and it’s probably hard to tell just which town any particular label refers to. For one thing, this map is pretty small--it’d probably be impossible to label every town with a label that fit in the town’s borders, and be able to read that label. But you probably wouldn’t print a map at this scale, and expect to be able to label each town.

14. Set a Scale Range for Labels a)

Zoom in to a more appropriate scale. Type 300,000 in the scale box at the top fo the screen. Do the labels look better at this scale?

You may not want to bother displaying the labels at extremely large or small scales, since they are not legible or functional at those scales. b)

Right click on NH Towns, and select PROPERTIES.

c)

Select the LABELS tab, and click the SCALE RANGE button.

d)

Select “DON’T SHOW LABELS WHEN ZOOMED...”

e)

Type “500000” (that’s 500,000 with no comma) in the “OUT BEYOND” box.

f)

Type “100000” (that’s 100,000 with no comma) in the “IN BEYOND” box.

g)

Click OK, and click OK again.

h)

Now zoom in and out and test your scale range. Does it seem appropriate?

i)

Save your map.

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CHAPTER 7

Working in Layout View

So far, you have always been working in Data View, which is best for when you are working with the data itself—performing analysis or editing. But you can also work in Layout View, which shows the map as it would look printed out. In Layout View, you can add a title, legend, north arrow, and all of the elements that are not part of the data itself, but need to be on your map.

1. Open an Existing Map a)

If it is not already open, click the Open button, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\NH_Watersheds.mxd.

b)

Click OPEN.

c)

Click the ZOOM TO FULL EXTENT button.

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2. Switch to Layout View a)

Click the small paper icon at the bottom of the screen to switch to LAYOUT VIEW.

Click Here b)

Notice that the page margins are now visible, and there is a box around the data frame.

c)

Click the display area anywhere outside of the map to de-select the data frame border.

3. The Layout Toolbar a)

If it is not already there, dock the LAYOUT toolbar by dragging it up to the STANDARD toolbar at the top of the screen.

When you are working in the layout, you may want to use both the LAYOUT toolbar and the TOOLS toolbar. Notice that many of the tools look similar on these two toolbars--they both have zoom in and zoom out tools, and a pan tool, for example.

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The zoom and pan tools from the LAYOUT toolbar will change your position on the layout itself -- they will zoom in to the piece of paper, or move the paper to the right or left. They will not change the position of the data in the map.

These tools zoom in, out, and pan around your page. The zoom and pan tools from the TOOLS toolbar will zoom in or out of the data itself, or pan the data around, just like they did in data view. AV3 NOTE: This is a huge improvement over ArcView 3! Now you no longer have to flip back and forth between view and layout, trying to get the view data lined up just right, or set to the right scale. Instead, you just use the tools from the TOOLS toolbar, and zoom in and out right there in layout view. b)

These tools zoom in, out, and pan around your data.

Practice using the LAYOUT toolbar. i)

Pick up the ZOOM tool, and draw a box to zoom in to the layout.

ii)

Pan around the map with the PAN tool.

iii)

Zoom back out by clicking the ZOOM TO FULL PAGE button.

c)

Now compare what happens when you use the TOOLS toolbar. i)

Pick up the ZOOM tool from the TOOLS toolbar, and draw a box to zoom in to the data.

ii)

Pan around the data with the PAN tool from the TOOLS toolbar.

iii)

Zoom back out by clicking the ZOOM TO FULL EXTENT button.

4. Add a Title to a Map You can add a title by working with the text tools on the DRAWING toolbar.

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Working in Layout View

a)

Click on the arrow next to the text/label tool on the DRAWING toolbar. Notice that the LABEL tool is not available when you are in LAYOUT VIEW. Click here

b)

Choose the “A” text tool.

c)

Click near the top of your map, and press ENTER.

(though a tool other than the Spline tool might be visible)

TIP: The text is probably too small for you to read what you are typing, so just press ENTER. You can now change the size of the text, or zoom in, and continue entering the title. d)

WIth the title text box selected, change the font size to 26.

e)

Double click on the title to bring up the text properties window, and type “New Hampshire’s Major Watershed Basins” in the text properties box that appears.

f)

Just like when you were working with labels, you can also insert line breaks in the title.

g)

Click OK.

5. Add a Legend to a Map a)

From the INSERT menu, select LEGEND.

b)

Make sure both NH Towns and Watersheds are in the box on the right, which determines which layers are represented in the legend.

c)

Click NEXT, and work your way through the wizard. You can change any of these properties later, if you wish.

d)

Click FINISH.

e)

You may need to reduce the size of your data so that you can see all the other information (the legend, title, etc.) in the map. i)

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Click the ZOOM OUT tool from the TOOLS TOOLBAR, and zoom out a little on your map.

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ii)

f)

Click the PAN tool from the TOOLS toolbar, and move the map into the lower right hand corner of the page.

Turn off Watersheds in the TABLE OF CONTENTS. Notice what happens to the legend you just added. Legends created this way are dynamic, and update themselves as you add or change data in your map. If you decide to change the classification scheme of wetlands, that change will be reflected in the legend.

g)

Turn Watersheds back on.

h)

You can make the legend a little bigger or smaller by selecting it, and pulling up or down on one of the corner anchors.

TIP: If you want to make some “quick and dirty” changes to a legend, you can convert it to graphics and deal with it like so many lines of text and patches of color. Unfortunately, once you convert it to graphics, it is no longer dynamic, and will no longer be updated as you make changes to your map. It is therefore preferable that you learn how to use the LEGEND PROPERTIES to make the changes you want -- but even more unfortunately, these changes are often buried beneath layers of bizarre options. You’ll learn more about these bizarre options in Chapter 13.

6. Add a North Arrow a)

From the INSERT menu, select NORTH ARROW.

b)

Choose a style you like, and click OK.

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Working in Layout View

c)

Move the north arrow by hovering the mouse over it until the pointer changes to a 4-way arrow. Then you can click and drag the north arrow to a new location.

TIP: Be careful that you don’t click and drag when the pointer is a 2-way arrow. This will stretch the north arrow and resize it.

7. Optional: Set a Reference Scale You may have noticed that the watershed labels you set in Chapter 6 do not look the same in layout view as they did in data view. You can fix that by setting a reference scale. a)

b)

Determine the scale at which you would like to print your map. i)

From the FILE menu, choose PAGE SETUP.

ii)

Confirm that the page is set to letter-sized paper, and click OK.

iii)

Zoom in or reduce the data in the map until it is the right size for the piece of paper.

iv)

Note the scale that the data are now at. You may want to round it to an even number. For example, if the scale is 1:1,518,290, you may want to set the scale to 1:1,500,000.

Return to DATA VIEW by clicking the globe icon at the bottom of the page.

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c)

If the scale has changed, type the scale you want (noted in step a-iv above) in the scale window, and press ENTER. Enter the scale here

d)

Pan around your data, and position the labels where you want them.

e)

Right click anywhere in the display area, and select SET REFERENCE SCALE.

f)

Now return to LAYOUT VIEW by clicking the paper icon at the bottom of the page. Click here

g)

Type your scale (e.g., 1:1,500,000) into the scale window in the LAYOUT VIEW.

h)

Use the PAN tool from the TOOLS menu to move your data back in to the position you want on the page.

i)

Save your map document.

8. Insert a Scale Bar a)

From the INSERT menu, select SCALE BAR.

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b)

Select a style you like, and click OK.

It is easier to work with the scale bar if you zoom in to the page a bit. c)

Choose the ZOOM tool from the LAYOUT toolbar, and draw a box around the area of the page that includes the scale bar.

Use the Layout’s ZOOM tool TIP: Make sure you use the ZOOM tool from the LAYOUT toolbar, and not the TOOLS toolbar. If you accidentally chose the Tool’s ZOOM tool, you will have just zoomed in to a larger scale. Just click the RETURN TO PREVIOUS EXTENT button, and then get the right zoom tool.

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d)

You may want to reduce the size of your scale bar. Select the scale bar, and then hover the mouse over one of the corners until the pointer turns to a twoway arrow. Click and drag the corner in toward the center of the scale bar

e)

Double click on the scale bar to set the bar’s properties.

f)

Select the SCALE AND UNITS tab.

g)

Change the DIVISION UNITS to miles.

h)

Notice that there are many other options that you can set in this window.

i)

Click OK.

j)

Click the FULL PAGE EXTENT button.

k)

Save your map, and close ArcMap.

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CHAPTER 8

Joining Tables

As with any other database, you can bring in data tables and join them to the tables in your GIS. In order to join tables, you need a field that is common to the two tables. For example, if you want to join population data to your political boundary attribute table, you would need to have a field in the population data that is the same as a field in the political boundary data. The political boundary data we are using in these exercises would require that you have population data by town and have a field that would identify the town by name or FIPS code. In this example, you couldn’t join tables that have the population information by another geographic designation such as zip code because the shapes in the political boundary data do not represent zip code boundaries, they represent town boundaries. The fields in both tables do not have to be named identically in order to join the tables, but they do need to contain the same information. For example, your population data may have a field entitled “FederalID” while the political boundary data’s field is “FIPS”. You would simply indicate to ArcView that FederalID and FIPS are fields to use for the join. Although it is not necessary for the field names to be identical, it is necessary for the corresponding field values to be identical in order for a join to be successful. In this example, it is important that the town name be identical in each table. ArcView would not join the population data to a record if, for example, the town is identified as “North Hampton” in one data table and “N. Hampton” in the other data table.

1. Open ArcMap a)

Start ArcMap by double-clicking on the ArcMap icon on your desktop. If an icon is not present, you can use the Start Menu instead. Usually, you will find ArcMap if you click on: START BUTTON PROGRAMS ARCGIS ARCMAP

b)

From the dialogue that appears, choose the first option, START USING ARCMAP WITH: A NEW EMPTY MAP. UNH Cooperative Extension

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c)

Click OK.

2. Set Data Frame Properties a)

Right click on the data frame name, “Layers.”

b)

Select PROPERTIES.

c)

Select the GENERAL tab.

d)

In the NAME section, delete “Layers” and type in “Population.”

e)

In the UNITS section, select FEET for both MAP and DISPLAY units.

f)

Select the COORDINATE SYSTEM tab, and notice that no projection is selected.

g)

Expand the FAVORITES folder, and select NAD 1983 StatePlane New Hampshire FIPS 2800 (Feet).

h)

Click OK to apply these changes and close the PROPERTIES window.

i)

Click the SAVE button.

j)

Navigate to C:\Arc8workshop and save your map as Population.mxd.

3. Join a Layer with a Table

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a)

Click the ADD DATA button, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\PBNH.

b)

Holding down the CTRL key, select pbnh.shp and PoliticalBoundaries.lyr, and click ADD.

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c)

Right-click on pbnh.

d)

Select JOINS & RELATES, and then JOIN…

e)

Select JOIN ATTRIBUTES FROM A TABLE.

f)

Select the field FIPS in Box 1.

g)

In Box 2, click the BROWSE button.

h)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\ Data and select population.

i)

Click ADD.

j)

In Box 3, select FEDERAL_ID.

TIP: The fields don’t have to have the same name, but they do need to have the same data type (number fields join to numbers, text to text, etc.) k)

Click ADVANCED, and check the first box (which is the default) to keep all records, and click OK.

l)

Click OK to join the tables.

m)

Right click on pbnh, and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE. Scroll across the table, and see that it now contains a number of fields about population. In addition, each field is now prefixed with the name of the field’s source table (either pbnh or population). Also notice that a number of fields contain null values -- this is because these towns are unincorporated or unpopulated, and there were no values in the OSP table for these fields.

n)

Close the attribute table.

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4. Eliminate Null Values Using a Definition Query a)

Double-click on pbnh to bring up the PROPERTIES window.

b)

Click on the DEFINITION QUERY tab.

c)

Click on the QUERY BUILDER button.

d)

Enter the following query: NOT "population.US1990" is null

TIP: Remember that you can enter some (but not all) of this query using the buttons in the query builder window. Also, make sure you include the spaces in the query statement. e)

Click OK, and then OK again.

5. Symbolize Joined Data

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a)

Double-click on pbnh to bring up the PROPERTIES window.

b)

Click on the SYMBOLOGY tab.

c)

Choose QUANTITIES - GRADUATED COLORS from the options at the left.

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d)

Draw down the VALUE FIELD menu. Notice that it now indicates which table each field is from.

e)

Choose “population.US2000”, which is the population from the 2000 US census, and a field in the population table you joined..

f)

Click APPLY, and move the PROPERTIES window so you can see the results.

6. Optional: Symbolize with Graduated Symbols a)

Click on GRADUATED SYMBOLS under the QUANTITIES heading.

b)

Set the VALUES FIELD to “population.US2000.”

c)

Click the TEMPLATE button if you want to change the symbol.

d)

Click the BACKGROUND button if you want to change the background color.

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e)

Click OK.

7. Review: Add a Field to a Table a)

If necessary, close the PROPERTIES window.

b)

Right click on pbnh and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

c)

Click on the OPTIONS button.

d)

Select ADD FIELD.

TIP: You may inexplicably get an error message at this point, saying that the application is in use by another user. If this happens, save your document, close ArcMap, and restart it again. Open your document again, and start over at step b). e)

Name the field PCTCHANGE.

f)

Set the DATA TYPE to Float, the PRECISION to 8, and the SCALE to 2.

g)

Click OK.

h)

Scroll across the table to find your new column. Notice that it has been added to the pbnh attribute table, not to the population table.

8. Review: Calculate a Value in a Table

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a)

Click the EDITOR button on the EDITOR toolbar, and select START EDITING.

b)

Don’t worry about the Warning that appears. Just click the START EDITING button in the warning dialogue.

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c)

Right click on pbnh and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

d)

Scroll across the table, and notice that some field names are gray and some are white. The fields in white can be edited (they are from the pbnh table itself), while the fields in gray cannot (they are from the joined population table, or are un-editable fields in pbnh).

e)

Right click on pbnh.PctChange, and select CALCULATE VALUES.

f)

Enter the following formula: ( [population.US2000] - [population.US1990])/ [population.US1990]*100 i)

Type an open parenthesis “(“

ii)

Click on population.US2000.

iii)

Click on the operator “-”.

iv)

Click on population.US1990.

v)

Type a closed parenthesis “)”

vi)

Click on the operator “/”

vii)

Click on population.US1990.

viii)

Type “ * 100”

g)

Click OK.

h)

From the EDITOR menu, select STOP EDITING.

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i)

Click YES to save your edits.

j)

Close the attribute table.

9. Optional: Symbolize With Graduated Color a)

Double click on pbnh to open the PROPERTIES window.

b)

Select the SYMBOLOGY tab.

c)

Click on QUANTITIES - GRADUATED COLOR.

d)

Set the VALUES FIELD to “pbnh.PctChange.”

e)

Pick a new color ramp.

f)

Experiment with ways to make towns with population loss shades of one color, and towns with population gain shades of another color.

10. Save Joined Tables as a New Shapefile Remember that the tables you have joined -- the attribute table from pbnh.shp and the population table, population.dbf -- are still actually separate tables. This join is just a virtual join, and when you add pbnh to a new document, none of the population data will come with it. If you want to preserve this join, and make it easily available in other documents, you have two options. You could save pbnh as a layer file, which will keep all of its current formatting, the definition query restricting null values, and the join with population.dbf. Or you could save it as a new shapefile, which would not keep the formatting, but would permanently join the tables and eliminate the null value features. The layer method has the benefit of not duplicating your data, but also means that if you were to share the data, you would have to remember to pass on three files: pbnh.shp, population.dbf, and population.lyr. If you save it as a new shapefile, you would duplicate your data, which makes it harder when you update either the pbnh shapefile or population table, but your data would all be contained in one shapefile. Since you are already familiar with saving to a layer file, in this exercise, you will save the joined data to a new shapefile.

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a)

Right click on pbnh, and choose DATA - EXPORT DATA.

b)

Keep the default option, using the coordinate system of the source data.

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c)

Navigate to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\pbnh\, and name the new file pbnh_pop.shp.

d)

Click OK.

e)

Click YES to add the new data to your map.

f)

Right click on pbnh_pop, and open the attribute table.

g)

Scroll across the table. Notice that all of the population fields are present, and that the field names no longer show the source table prefix.

h)

Close the attribute table.

i)

Turn off pbnh. Notice that the towns that you restricted earlier using a definition query (because they contained null values for population) do not show up at all.

NOTE: When you export data to a shapefile, it only takes the features that are currently selected (if any are selected) and does not include any features that are restricted through a definition query. If you were to do this again, you would probably want to clear the definition query before exporting the data. j)

Save your map, and close ArcMap.

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CHAPTER 9

Introduction to GeoProcessing

In this chapter, you will analyze environmental data for the town of Durham. Your goal is two-fold: to prepare some data layers for this and future projects; and to figure out if any potential non-point pollution sources in and around Durham lie in or near wetlands, and then to map those sites based on their relative proximity to wetlands. For this analysis, you will use National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) data developed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and potential non-point pollution sources mapped by the NH Department of Environmental Services. NWI data are distributed in tiles based on USGS 7.5 minute quadrangles. (This is a common distribution format often used by GRANIT, NH’s GIS clearinghouse.) To begin with, you must prepare the data for your analysis by merging the NWI quads together, clipping them to within one mile of the town of Durham, and dissolving out the unnecessary boundaries within them.

1. Open an Existing Map a)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\ and select Durham.mxd.

b)

Click OPEN.

2. Zoom To a Bookmark a)

From the VIEW menu, select BOOKMARKS.

b)

Select DURHAM.

3. Merge Adjacent Layers In this exercise, you will append the four adjacent NWI quadrangles together, into one shapefile.

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a)

From the TOOLS menu, select the GEOPROCESSING WIZARD.

b)

Browse through the five different options on the first page of the wizard. In this chapter, you will use the first three: dissolve, merge, and clip. Notice that as you click on each option, the image changes and provides a quick synopsis of that option. In addition, you can click the “More About...” button for more information on each option.

c)

Select MERGE LAYERS TOGETHER, and click NEXT.

d)

Put a check mark next to each of the four NWI layers.

e)

Click the BROWSE button to choose the right directory for your output file. Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\NWI, and name your file nwi_merge.shp.

f)

Click SAVE, and then click FINISH.

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g)

The merged shapefile is added to your document.

4. Remove Layers from Map Document a)

Right click on nwi170, and select REMOVE.

b)

Repeat for the other three NWI quad files (nwi155, nwi156, and nwi169).

5. Buffer a Feature Now you will buffer the town of Durham by one mile in all directions. a)

Drag pbnh on top of nwi_merge in the TABLE OF CONTENTS.

b)

Click on the SELECTION tab in the TABLE OF CONTENTS pane.

c)

Un-check all layers except pbnh.

d)

Click on the DISPLAY tab in the TABLE OF CONTENTS pane.

e)

Click on the SELECT FEATURES tool in the TOOLS toolbar.

f)

Click on the town of Durham.

TIP: If you aren’t sure which one is Durham, use the Identify tool to identify various towns in the vicinity until you locate Durham.

g)

From the TOOLS menu, select BUFFER WIZARD.

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h)

Select pbnh as the layer you want to buffer. Make sure that the box to use only selected features is checked, and that it says 1 feature out of 259 is selected.

i)

Click NEXT.

j)

Click the option to create buffers AT A SPECIFIED DISTANCE from the feature.

k)

Change the DISTANCE UNITS to miles.

l)

Confirm that the buffer is set for 1 mile from the feature.

m)

Click NEXT.

n)

Make sure the options to DISSOLVE BARRIERS BETWEEN BUFFERS and CREATE are selected.

OUTSIDE POLYGONS AND INCLUDE INSIDE

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o)

Save your output in a new layer named durhambuf_1mi.shp, in C:\Arc8workshop\Data\pbnh.

p)

Click FINISH.

TIP: If your new shapefile doesn’t look any different from the town of Durham, make sure you changed your units to miles -- you may have created a 1 foot buffer! Just remove the buffer shapefile, re-do the above steps, and over-write your old file. q)

Right click on pbnh, and choose SELECTION - CLEAR SELECTED FEATURES.

6. Clip a Layer a)

From the TOOLS menu, select the GEOPROCESSING WIZARD.

b)

This time, select the CLIP option from the opening menu.

c)

Click NEXT.

d)

Set nwi_merge as the input layer -- that is, as the layer that you will clip.

e)

Set durhambuf_1mi as the clip layer.

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f)

Save the output file as C:\Arc8workshop\Data\NWI\nwi_durham.shp.

g)

Click FINISH.

h)

Right click on nwi_merge, and select REMOVE.

i)

Right click on nwi_durham and select ZOOM TO LAYER.

j)

Move nonpt_durham to the top of the TABLE OF CONTENTS.

7. Dissolve Boundaries Between Features If you look closely at your merged NWI data, you will see that some remnants of its old, quad-tile format remain. The remnant quad boundaries are particularly visible in Great Bay. You could just hide them by changing the symbology, like you did with the hydro data in Chapter 4, but they would still be present and would confuse future analysis.

a)

Select the IDENTIFY tool from the TOOLS toolbar.

b)

Click on one side of a boundary line in Great Bay, and notice the NWICODE.

c)

Now click on the other side of the boundary line. Notice that it has the same NWICODE, and yet they are two separate polygons. The dissolve process will dissolve the border between these polygons, and any other adjacent polygons that have the save NWICODE value.

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d)

Close the IDENTIFY RESULTS window.

e)

Save your map.

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TIP: It’s always a good idea to save your map before starting a geoprocessing function. Geoprocessing can be quite memory-intensive, and while ArcGIS doesn’t seem to crash as often as ArcView 3, it can still happen! f)

From the TOOLS menu, select the GEOPROCESSING WIZARD again.

g)

Select the DISSOLVE option from the opening menu, and click NEXT.

h)

Select nwi_durham for the input layer, and NWICODE for the attribute to dissolve by.

i)

Name the output file C:\Arc8workshop\Data\NWI\nwi_durham_dis.shp.

j)

Click NEXT.

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k)

Put a check next to Sum under AREA -- this will create a new field in your dissolved shapefile, and add sum the areas of all the input polygons to each final polygon.

l)

Click FINISH.

m)

Right click on nwi_durham, and select REMOVE.

n)

Drag nonpt_durham to the top of the TABLE OF CONTENTS.

8. Review: Set a Definition Query The NWI data layer is supposed to represent wetlands, and yet it seems to cover the entire town of Durham. This is because both wetlands and upland are coded in the data. Use a definition query to restrict the map to only wetlands. a)

Right click on nwi_durham_dis and select PROPERTIES.

b)

Select the DEFINITION QUERY tab.

c)

Click the QUERY BUILDER button.

d)

Double click on NWICODE, single click on “<>”, and double click on “U” (for “Upland”; it’s located at the bottom of the list).

TIP: If the value you want (“U”) is not available, click the COMPLETE LIST button. e)

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Click OK, and click OK again.

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9. Spatially Join a Point and Polygon layer Now you are ready to really do the analysis part: figure out which non-point pollution sites are nearest to wetlands. To do this, you will spatially join nonpt_durham with nwi_durham_dis. a)

Right click on nonpt_durham, and select JOINS AND RELATES - JOIN. Instead of joining this layer with a table (like you did in Chapter 8), you will join data from another layer based on location.

b)

From the drop down list at the top of the dialogue window, select the second option: JOIN DATA FROM ANOTHER LAYER BASED ON LOCATION.

c)

Make sure nwi_durham_dis is selected as the layer to join.

d)

Read through the two options below. You can either give each the point all the attributes of the polygon it falls within, or give it the attributes of the polygon it falls nearest to (and give it a new attribute containing the distance to the polygon).

e)

Choose the second option, IS CLOSEST TO IT.

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f)

Save your output shapefile as C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Nonpoint\nonpt_nwi.shp.

g)

Click OK.

h)

The new shapefile is added to your map.

i)

Right click on nonpt_nwi, and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

j)

Right click on nonpt_durham, and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

k)

Move the tables so both are visible on the screen.

l)

Scroll across both tables, and compare the fields in each. Notice that nonpt_nwi contains all the fields from nonpt_durham, as well as several fields about the NWI data. In addition, there is a new field, called DISTANCE, which represents the distance, in feet, from each point to the nearest wetland polygon. Points with the value “0” for DISTANCE lie within a wetland polygon.

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m)

Close both attribute tables.

n)

Remove nonpt_durham from your map.

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10. Display Using Graduated Colors a)

Double click on nonpt_nwi to open its PROPERTIES window.

b)

Select the SYMBOLOGY tab.

c)

Select QUANTITIES - GRADUATED COLORS from the options at the left.

d)

Set the VALUE FIELD to DISTANCE.

e)

Right click on one of the symbols, and select PROPERTIES FOR ALL SYMBOLS.

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f)

Set the symbol to a solid circle (with no outline -- “Circle 1”), and set the symbol size to 18. Click OK.

g)

Choose an appropriate color ramp, and make sure that the brightest colors represent the points closest to wetlands (with the smallest DISTANCE values). If necessary, right click and choose FLIP SYMBOLS to change the direction of the color ramp.

h)

Click OK.

i)

Save your map.

j)

Close ArcMap.

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CHAPTER 10

Introduction to ArcCatalog

ArcCatalog functions somewhat like Windows Explorer, but for geographic data. It is a handy place to copy, rename, delete, and otherwise manage your data. You can also preview geographic and tabular data, and view or create metadata. Additionally, if you have ArcMap open as well, you can drag files from ArcCatalog and drop then into your ArcMap document.

1. Open ArcCatalog a)

Double-click on the ArcCatalog icon on your desktop to open up ArcCatalog. If an icon is not present, you can use the Start Menu instead. Usually, you will find ArcCatalog if you Click on the START BUTTON, select PROGRAMS, then ARCGIS, then ARCCATALOG.

2. Expand and Minimize Directories Clicking the plus signs on the left of the directories expands the directory (shows all the directories it contains). Selecting the name of the directory on the left hand side of ArcCatalog displays its contents on the right hand side.

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a)

Click on the plus sign next to C:\, then next to Arc8workshop, then next to Data .

b)

Click the plus sign next to the DOQs directory to expand it.

c)

Click on the name “DOQs” to display the contents of the directory on the right hand side.

TIP: The CONTENTS tab on the right hand side is not updated until you click on the name of the directory, and not just the plus sign. d)

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Minimize the DOQs directory by clicking on the minus sign.

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e)

Expand the PBNH directory and view its contents: four shapefiles and a layer file..

3. Minimize, Maximize, and Restore the ArcCatalog Window If you are not already, it is worthwhile to become comfortable using the buttons in the upper right corner of the window. It is often useful to have several windows visible on screen at the same time, so you need to be comfortable resizing and moving them around. a)

Click the one on the left to minimize the window, then click the “ArcCatalog” bar at the bottom of the screen to restore it.

b)

Click the middle button to maximize the window, then click it again to restore it to its original size.

c)

Click and drag on a corner of the window to resize it.

d)

Click and drag on the blue bar at the top of the window to move it around your screen.

Minimize

Maximize Restore

Close

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4. Data Types Shown in ArcCatalog Many different types of data are displayed in ArcCatalog, and each is symbolized with a different icon. Browse through the subdirectories in the Data directory and look at the different icons that are used. In addition to a graphic showing whether the data feature is polygon, arc, point, or raster, the icon shows what format the data are in. Coverages have multiple file folders in the background, shapefiles are green rectangles, and layer files are yellow diamonds. ArcCatalog Data Icons Arc/Info Coverages

Shapefiles

Layers

Line Polygon Point Raster Table

5. Preview a Data Set’s Geography a)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\DOTroads, and select dot_roads.shp.

b)

On the right hand side of the ArcCatalog window, click the PREVIEW tab. This displays a preview of the geography of the data set, in this case, roads in NH.

TIP: Make sure you have a data layer selected in the CATALOG TREE (rather than a directory, for example), or you will get a message that THIS SELECTION CANNOT BE PREVIEWED.

6. Identify Features in ArcCatalog a)

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Click on the IDENTIFY tool

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b)

Click on the northernmost road you can see. A window will display the information about this road stored in the attribute table.

c)

Close the results window by clicking the X in its upper right hand corner.

7. Zoom In, Zoom Out, and Pan in ArcCatalog You can also zoom in and out on the PREVIEW, and pan around in the PREVIEW PANE of ArcCatalog just like you can in ArcMap. a)

Click on the ZOOM tool, and draw a box in the previewed roads.

b)

To pan around the data, select the PAN tool and then click on the map and drag. This pulls other data into your view.

c)

To zoom out, select the ZOOM-OUT tool (the magnifying glass with the minus sign), and then click in the map. You can also draw a box here—that will shrink the currently displayed data extent to the size of the box you draw.

d)

To return to the whole state extent, click the FULL EXTENT button.

8. Preview a Data Set’s Table You can also preview each data set’s attribute table here in ArcCatalog.

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a)

From the drop-down list at the bottom of the page, select TABLE instead of GEOGRAPHY.

b)

Scroll across the table to see all the fields.

c)

To sort the roads alphabetically by their names, right-click on the NAME heading, and select SORT ASCENDING.

9. View a Data Set’s Properties and Fields a)

Expand the DOTRoads directory by clicking on the plus sign next to it.

b)

Highlight the dot_roads data set.

c)

View the properties of dot_roads by double-clicking on its name or the icon next to it.

TIP: While you can double-click on the name in either the CATALOG TREE or the CONTENTS tab, for it to work on the CONTENTS tab, it must be displaying the listing of the directory’s contents, and not be focused on one dataset.

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TIP: If you don’t double-click quickly enough on the dataset name, rather than opening the feature’s PROPERTIES window, it will start editing the name itself (this is one way to rename a dataset). If this happens unintentionally, just click on another dataset or press enter.

d)

Click on the FIELDS tab of the PROPERTIES window and scroll through the list of fields present in the dot_roads.shp attribute table.

e)

Click any field to learn the field definition (data type, precision, and scale).

f)

Click CANCEL to close the PROPERTIES window.

10. View Metadata Metadata, which is information about the data, describes important things you need to know about data sets you use. For example, metadata should tell you what projection, coordinate system, units, and datum are used. It should also define the values in the data’s attribute table, and list who developed the data, when, and how. There is a strict standard defined by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) for how to write metadata and what elements to include. Metadata is often provided in the form of a text file or html file that is distributed along with a dataset. Sometimes, however, it is in one or more Info tables embedded in a coverage.

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These tables usually are named covername.pcode for polygon data, covername.acode for arc data, or covername.xcode for point data, and covername.doc for general documentation. If metadata is in the form of an XML file, you can look at it using the ArcCatalog metadata viewer.

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a)

Expand the C:\Arc8workshop\Data\PBNH\ directory.

b)

Select pbnh from the catalog tree, and click on the metadata tab.

c)

Confirm that FGDC ESRI is the stylesheet selected in the drop-down list on the metadata toolbar.

d)

Browse through the metadata. Notice that some of the sections can be expanded by clicking on the heading (in bold green type). Also notice that there are three tabs at the top of the stylesheet, DESCRIPTION, SPATIAL, and ATTRIBUTES—explore all three sections of the metadata.

e)

You can also view the same information in different ways by choosing a different stylesheet. Select FGDC CLASSIC from the stylesheet dropdown list. This is a standard metadata format, and any metadata you receive from GRANIT will look like this.

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11. Optional: Create a Thumbnail a)

You can create a thumbnail image of your data which will then be included in the METADATA and CONTENTS panes.

b)

With pbnh selected, click on the PREVIEW tab.

c)

If you like, you can zoom in or pan over to an area of interest. In this case, however, you would probably want your thumbnail to show the full extent of NH, so you can leave the preview as it is.

d)

Click the CREATE THUMBNAIL button.

e)

Select the METADATA tab.

f)

Change the stylesheet to FGDC, FGDC ESRI, or ISO, and notice that the thumbnail has been incorporated into the metadata.

g)

Click on the CONTENTS tab, and see that the thumbnail is now available there as well.

12. Import Spatial Reference Information for a Shapefile If you were to add wshedp to ArcMap, you would get the warning “One or more layers is missing spatial reference information. Data from those layers cannot be projected.” This is because while the metadata file contains spatial reference information, there is no projection file associated with the data, and that’s what ArcMap needs to read. You can create this file from the pre-defined options in ArcCatalog, but it is better to import it from another dataset that shares the same information. This way, the geographic extent of the data is not registered as the large, default extent, but as something more appropriate to your data region. This may improve processing speed. In this exercise, you will import spatial reference information for wshedp from pbnh, which already has a projection file (pbnh.prj) a)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Watersheds and select wshedp.

b)

Click on the METADATA tab.

c)

Select FGDC ESRI as the metadata stylesheet, and notice that all of the fields simply contain filler text--there is no metadata associated with the watersheds data layer.

d)

Click on the the SPATIAL tab, and notice that there is also no spatial information available in the metadata.

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This indicates that there is no projection file associated with wshedp, and that’s what ArcGIS needs to read. You can create this file from the pre-defined options in ArcCatalog, but it is better to import it from another dataset that shares the same information. This way, the geographic extent of the data is not registered as the large, default extent, but as something more appropriate to your data region. This may improve processing speed. In this exercise, you will import the spatial reference information for wshedp from pbnh. e)

Double click on wshedp in the directory tree.

f)

Click on the FIELDS tab in the SHAPEFILE PROPERTIES window.

g)

Select the SHAPE field.

h)

In the field properties at the bottom of the screen, notice that SPATIAL REFERis described as “Unknown.”

ENCE

i)

Click the three dots next to SPATIAL REFERENCE: UNKNOWN.

Click here

Then click here

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j)

The SPATIAL REFERENCE PROPERTIES window appears. On the COORDINATE SYSTEM tab, click IMPORT.

k)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\pbnh and select pbnh.shp.

l)

Click ADD.

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m)

Notice that the coordinate system information has been added. Click the X/Y DOMAIN tab, and see that it, too, now contains data.

NOTE: If you do not have a data set that already has a projection file associated with it, you can click Select instead of Import on the Spatial Reference Properties window. You can then navigate through ESRI’s list of pre-defined coordinate systems until you find the one your data use. n)

Click OK, and OK again.

13. Open a Location in ArcCatalog It can be confusing and time-consuming to browse through your entire computer every time you want to work with some data. Since all of the data we are using are in the C:\Arc8workshop\Data directory, you can create a shortcut to this directory in ArcCatalog. TIP: It is a good practice to group your data together like this. Not only does it help when you are looking for a particular dataset, it also makes it easier when you move a project or share it with someone else.

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a)

Minimize the open directories in ArcCatalog by clicking on the minus signs to the left of their names.

b)

From the FILE menu, select CONNECT TO FOLDER

c)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data, and click OK.

d)

Notice that the C:\Arc8workshop\Data directory has been added to the directory tree.

14. Optional: Display Additional File Types in ArcCatalog a)

From the TOOLS menu, select OPTIONS.

b)

Select the GENERAL tab, and look at which data types are displayed in ArcCatalog. You can define any special file types that you want displayed in the ArcCatalog window.

c)

Click the FILE TYPES tab.

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d)

You may want to be able to view Arc/Info Export files (.e00) files in ArcCatalog. To add them, click NEW TYPE.

e)

In the File Type window, type “.e00” in the FILE EXTENSION box, and “Arc/Info Export File format” in the DESCRIPTION OF TYPE box.

TIP: For information on importing .e00 files, see Chapter 11, exercise 2.

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f)

Click OK.

g)

Click OK in the Options window.

h)

Browse to C:/Arc8workshop/Data/Cons and confirm that an .e00 file is now shown.

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CHAPTER 11

Importing Data into ArcGIS

GRANIT is New Hampshire’s statewide geographic information system. Housed at the Complex Systems Research Center at the University of New Hampshire in Durham, it creates, maintains, and distributes a statewide geographic database. Almost all of the data used in this workshop is from GRANIT, and additional data sets are available online or by request. GRANIT typically develops and archives its data as coverages. While coverages, as a geographic data format, have several advantages over shapefiles, they can be awkward to copy and share. Windows Explorer must never be used to move or rename coverages, but ArcCatalog can. To share a coverage (without risk of corrupting it), it must be exported to an interchange file, and then imported in its new location.

1. Open ArcToolbox a)

Start ArcToolbox by double-clicking on the ArcToolbox icon on your desktop. If an icon is not present, you can use the Start Menu instead. Usually, you will find ArcToolbox if you click on: START BUTTON PROGRAMS ARCGIS ARCTOOLBOX

NOTE: You can also open ArcToolbox from its icon in ArcCatalog. However, the ArcToolbox icon is not available from the default ArcMap interface (though you can add it if you wish to customize your toolbars -- see Chapter 14).

2. Import Data From Arc Interchange Files a)

Click the + sign next to CONVERSION TOOLS to expand the options list.

b)

Click the + sign next to IMPORT TO COVERAGE to expand that list.

c)

Double click on ARCVIEW IMPORT FROM INTERCHANGE FILE. UNH Cooperative Extension

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d)

Click the BROWSE button to the right of the INPUT FILE box, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Conservation

e)

Select cons.e00, and click OPEN.

f)

Highlight all of the pathname for your input database except the “.e00” at the end, and press Ctrl-C to copy it. (Alternatively, you could right click and select Copy from the menu.)

g)

Click in the Output Dataset box, and press Ctrl-V to paste the name (or right click and select Paste from the menu.) The Ouput Dataset should read: C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Conservation\cons

h)

Click OK.

NOTE: If you had more than one file to import, you could click the Batch button and add more files. Unfortunately, the batch feature doesn’t let you choose all of the files at once. The most efficient way to do it is probably still to copy and paste the names from one field to another.

3. Import Metadata Into ArcCatalog GRANIT currently distributes metadata as HTML files or INFO tables. Neither of these formats can be imported directly into the ArcCatalog metadata viewer (though the INFO tables may be viewed in the Table Preview window). You can, however, view the HTML files outside of ArcCatalog and save them as text files. The text files can then be imported into ArcCatalog’s metadata viewer. a)

Open Windows Explorer by double-clicking on the icon on your desktop. If no icon is available, you can right click on the START BUTTON, and select EXPLORE.

b)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Conservation.

c)

Right click on cons.html, and select OPEN WITH - INTERNET EXPLORER.

TIP: For some reason, this whole process seems to work better with Internet Explorer than with Netscape. If your computer’s default browser is Internet Explorer, you can just double click on the file and it will open there. However, if your default browser is Netscape (or something else) you will need to specify Internet Explorer.

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d)

When the file opens, choose SAVE AS from Internet Explorer’s FILE menu.

e)

From the SAVE AS TYPE drop-down menu at the bottom of the dialogue, select Text File (.txt).

Make sure you change the file type! f)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Conservation.

g)

Name the file cons_met.txt, and click SAVE.

h)

Return to Windows Explorer, and right click on cons_met.txt.

i)

Choose OPEN WITH - NOTEPAD.

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j)

In Notepad, delete the first several lines of the header. These are remnants of the old html formatting.

Delete these lines

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k)

The first line of your file should be: “Identification Information.”

l)

From the FILE menu, choose SAVE.

m)

Close Notepad.

n)

Return to ArcCatalog, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Conservation.

o)

Select cons in the directory tree (you may need to expand the folder).

p)

If it is not already selected, click on the METADATA tab.

q)

Click the IMPORT METADATA button.

r)

From the dialogue that appears, change the format to FGDC CSDGM (TXT).

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s)

Click BROWSE.

t)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Conservation, and select cons_met.txt.

u)

Click OPEN, the click OK.

v)

The metadata pane should now be populated with the metadata about the conservation lands data set.

4. Export a Coverage to a Shapefile If you have an ArcInfo license, you can export from a coverage to a shapefile right in ArcCatalog. If, however, you only have an ArcView license, you must do it in an ArcMap document. a)

If it is not already open, open ArcMap by clicking on the ArcMap icon at the top of ArcCatalog.

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i) b)

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If you do not already have a document open, simply create a new, empty map.

In ArcMap, set the data frame’s Coordinate System. i)

Right click on the data frame, and select PROPERTIES.

ii)

Click on the COORDINATE SYSTEM tab.

iii)

Choose NAD 1983 StatePlane New Hampshire from the “Favorites” list.

iv)

Click OK.

c)

Arrange the windows so that both ArcMap and ArcCatalog are visible.

d)

In ArcCatalog, click on the plus sign in the directory tree next to cons to expand the coverage’s contents.

e)

Select the polygon feature type, and drag it to your ArcMap window.

f)

In ArcMap, right click on cons polygon in the TABLE OF CONTENTS.

g)

Select DATA - EXPORT DATA.

h)

Choose the second option, “Use the Same Coordinate System as the Data Frame.”

i)

Name your output file “consp” and save it in C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Conservation.

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CHAPTER 12

Developing New Data in ArcMap

1. Open ArcMap a)

Start ArcMap with a new, empty map.

2. Set Data Frame Properties a)

Right click on the data frame name, “Layers”, and select PROPERTIES.

b)

Select the GENERAL tab.

c)

In the NAME section, delete “Layers” and type in “AgriculturalLands.”

d)

In the UNITS section, select FEET for both MAP and DISPLAY units.

e)

Select the COORDINATE SYSTEM tab.

f)

Expand the FAVORITES folder, and select NAD 1983 StatePlane New Hampshire FIPS 2800 (Feet).

g)

Click OK to apply these changes and close the PROPERTIES window.

h)

Click the SAVE button.

i)

Navigate to C:\Arc8workshop\ and save your map as agricultural_lands.mxd.

3. Create a New Empty Shapefile in ArcCatalog a)

Return to ArcCatalog. If it is not already open, click the ArcCatalog icon in ArcMap to open it.

b)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\NewData

c)

In the directory tree, right click on the NewData folder.

d)

Select NEW - SHAPEFILE.

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e)

Type in “ag_land” as the new shapefile’s name

f)

Change the FEATURE TYPE to polygon.

g)

Click EDIT to edit the spatial reference information.

h)

Click on IMPORT in the new dialogue, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Pbnh.

i)

Select pbnh.shp, and click ADD.

j)

Click OK, and then click OK again.

k)

Notice that ag_land.shp has now been added to the contents of the NewData folder. However, if you click on PREVIEW, you will find there is nothing (neither geography nor a table) to preview.

4. Add A Layer to ArcMap from ArcCatalog a)

Reduce the size of your ArcCatalog window, so that you can see the ArcMap beneath it.

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b)

Select ag_land.shp, and drag it the ArcMap window.

c)

Return to ArcCatalog, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\DOQs.

d)

Click on the DOQs directory.

e)

Select the CONTENTS tab.

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f)

Holding down the CTRL key, select 98doq155ne.sid and 98doq156nw.sid from the CONTENTS pane.

NOTE: You can select several files and add them at once to an ArcMap window. However, you must always select the files in the CONTENTS pane, not in the directory tree. g)

Drag these files to the ArcMap window.

h)

Close ArcCatalog.

i)

Click the ZOOM TO FULL EXTENT button.

5. Add Fields to an Attribute Table a)

Save your map.

b)

Right click on ag_land in the TABLE OF CONTENTS, and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

c)

Click the OPTIONS button, and select ADD FIELD.

TIP: If you get an error, make sure ArcCatalog is not open. If you close ArcCatalog and the error persists, save your map, close ArcMap, and re-open this map. d)

Name the field “AGTYPE”, set the DATA TYPE to Text, and the LENGTH to 20.

e)

Click OK.

6. Digitize a Polygon a)

Select START EDITING from the EDITOR menu.

b)

Confirm that the TARGET LAYER is ag_lands, and the TASK is CREATE NEW FEATURE.

c)

Zoom to 1:10,000, and pan to the large field complex in the middle of the eastern quadrant of the photos.

d)

Click on the SKETCH Tool.

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e)

Starting in one corner of a field, trace the outline of the field, and click whenever you want to add a vertex (a bend in the outline).

f)

When you have finished tracing the field, double click to close the polygon.

g)

Click the ATTRIBUTES button on the EDITOR toolbar.

h)

Click in the Value column next to the ID field, and enter “1”.

i)

Press Enter.

j)

Click in the Value column next to the Type field, and enter “Hay/Pasture” in the text box.

k)

Press Enter.

l)

Make the Attributes window a little smaller, and move it into a corner of the screen.

7. Split a Polygon You can split a polygon into two separate features by using the Cut Polygon Features task and sketching a line where you want the split to occur. You can define the line to snap to the midpoint, endpoint, or a vertex of the polygon’s edge. a)

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For the edit TASK, select MODIFY TASKS - CUT POLYGON FEATURES.

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b) c)

Select the SKETCH tool, and click slightly outside of the polygon you want to cut. Right click on the boundary of the polygon, and click SNAP TO FEATURE - MIDPOINT.

d)

Right click on the boundary on the far side of the polygon, and click SNAP TO FEATURE - MIDPOINT.

e)

Double click slightly outside of the polygon on the far side.

f)

There are now two separate polygons. Click on each with the SELECT FEAtool, and notice that each now has the same attributes (ID = 1, and Type = Hay/Pasture) that you gave the original polygon. TURES

g)

Change one of the polygons to ID = 2.

8. Reshape an Edge of a Polygon a)

Set the TASK to MODIFY TASKS - RESHAPE FEATURE.

b)

Select the SKETCH tool.

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c)

Click slightly outside of a polygon, and redraw the boundary line slightly differently. When you are done, double click outside the polygon. (You can also start your modification by clicking inside the polygon, and finish it by double clicking inside the polygon.)

Re-draw a boundary on your polygon

And the boundary will be changed

NOTE: There are many more techniques for editing features in ArcMap, but it is not within the scope of this workshop to teach them. To learn more about creating and editing feature data, try a reference such as David M. Theobald’s GIS Concepts and ArcGIS Methods.

9. Save Your Edits

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a)

Practice digitizing additional agricultural fields. You may also want to try opening the MAGNIFIER window (from the Window menu), and digitizing within the magnified view.

b)

When you are done, select STOP EDITING from the EDITOR menu.

c)

Click YES to save your edits.

d)

Click the ZOOM TO FULL EXTENT button.

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10. Add X,Y Coordinate Data to ArcMap In addition to data sources such as shapefiles and TIF images, you can also add tabular data that contains geographic locations in the form of x,y coordinates to your map. a)

Open Windows Explorer by right clicking on the START menu and selecting EXPLORE.

b)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Historic.

c)

Right click on historic.csv, and select OPEN WITH...

NOTE: This file is a comma separated value (.csv) file, which is a text file format in which each field of data is separated by commas. Other data types that can be imported into ArcMap in this manner include .dbf files and Microsoft Access tables. Unfortunately, Microsoft Excel tables (.xls) cannot be brought into ArcMap. You can, however, open those tables in Excel, and save them as .dbf files. d)

Choose Notepad from the list.

Review the comma separated value file that opens. It is a table of historic properties in the Dover area, and contains coordinate information for each property. However, it is currently only a text file -- while it contains geographic information in the form of x,y coordinates, it has not been brought into a GIS.

e)

Close Notepad without making any changes, and return to ArcMap.

f)

From the TOOLS menu, select ADD X,Y.

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g)

Click the BROWSE button, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Historic\historic.csv.

h)

Specify “XCOORD” as the X FIELD, and “YCOORD” as the Y FIELD.

i)

Click EDIT to change the SPATIAL REFERENCE INFORMATION.

j)

Click IMPORT and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\PBNH.

k)

Select pbnh.shp and click ADD.

l)

Click OK, and then OK again.

m)

Right click on Historic.csv Events in the TABLE OF CONTENTS and select ZOOM TO LAYER.

n)

With the IDENTIFY tool, click on one of the points, and view its attribute information.

11. Save X,Y Coordinate Data as a Point Shapefile a)

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Right click on Historic.csv Events in the TABLE OF CONTENTS and select DATA - EXPORT DATA.

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b)

Choose to export all features, using the same coordinate system as the data frame.

c)

Name the new shapefile C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Historic\historic.shp.

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CHAPTER 13

More Working with Layouts

1. Open a Layout a)

Open C:\Arc8workshop\Durham.mxd.

b)

Click on the LAYOUT VIEW button at the bottom of the screen.

2. Insert a New Data Frame You could just create a map like this, of wetlands and non-point sources of pollution in and around the town of Durham. However, some readers of the map may not know where Durham is, and need a locus map for reference. a)

Click on the DATA VIEW button at the bottom of the screen.

b)

From the INSERT menu, choose DATA FRAME.

c)

Right click on NEW DATA FRAME, and select PROPERTIES.

d)

On the GENERAL tab, make the name “New Hampshire” and the units feet.

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e)

On the COORDINATE SYSTEM tab, choose the GRANIT coordinate system from your FAVORITES list.

f)

Click OK.

Your new Data frame

3. Copy Layers between Data Frames

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a)

Right click on pbnh in the Durham data frame TABLE OF CONTENTS, and select COPY.

b)

Right click on the New Hampshire data frame in the Table of Contents, and select PASTE LAYER.

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c)

Double click on the symbol patch for pbnh in the NH data frame, and select a pale, neutral color for the fill, and “No Color” for the outlines.

d)

Make sure pbnh is visible in the New Hampshire data frame.

e)

Click ADD DATA, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\PBNH.

f)

Select PoliticalBoundaries.lyr, and click ADD.

4. Change the Active Data Frame Right now, the data frame New Hampshire is active--that is, it is visible in the Display Area, its scale is reflected in the scale box at the top of the window, and if you were to pan or zoom, you would be doing so in the New Hampshire data frame. a)

To view the Durham data frame, right click on Durham in the TABLE OF CONand select ACTIVATE.

TENTS,

b)

Return to the New Hampshire data frame by right clicking on New Hampshire and selecting ACTIVATE.

5. Highlight an Extent in a Data Frame The New Hampshire data frame will provide the source data for a locus map in your layout. Therefore, you need to somehow indicate the extent of the Durham data frame. The area of the Durham data frame is not just limited to the town of Durham, or you could just select Durham in the NH data frame. a)

Right click on durhambuf_1mi in the Durham data frame, and select COPY.

b)

Right click on the New Hampshire data frame, and select PASTE LAYER.

6. Arrange Data Frames in Layout View a)

Return to LAYOUT VIEW by clicking the small paper icon at the bottom of the screen.

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b)

Adjust the sizes of the two data frames so that Durham takes up more than half the page, and New Hampshire only occupies a small corner. You can adjust the size of a data frame by selecting the data frame and dragging on any of its handles.

c)

Zoom in to the Durham data so that none of the areas outside the NWI data extent are visible, but all of the pollution source points are still visible.

d)

Save your map.

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7. Review: Insert Title, North Arrow, and Legend. a)

Click on the NEW TEXT tool on the DRAWING toolbar.

b)

Click anywhere at the top of the page to insert a text box. New Text tool

Type here to change font size

c)

Change the font size to 30 (type it in the font drop down box, and press enter).

d)

Double click on the text box to bring up the TEXT PROPERTIES dialogue.

e)

Type “Potential Non-Point Pollution Sources” in the title text box, and press OK.

f)

From the INSERT menu, select NORTH ARROW.

g)

Select a style, and click OK.

h)

Position the arrow where you would like it.

i)

From the INSERT menu, select LEGEND.

j)

Notice that the map layers available for your legend are only the layers present in the New Hampshire data frame. Your legend should be for Durham, the main data frame.

k)

Cancel the LEGEND WIZARD.

l)

Right click on Durham in the TABLE OF CONTENTS, and click ACTIVATE.

m)

From the INSERT menu, select LEGEND.

n)

Now the map layers are correct. non_pt_nwi, nwi_durham_dis, and pbnh should all be included in the legend. Click NEXT.

o)

Make any changes you want to the Legend Title, Legend Frame, symbol patch size, spacing, and click Next after each.

p)

Click FINISH when you have set the options the way you like.

q)

Save your map.

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a)

Click twice, slowly, on non_pt_nwi in the TABLE OF CONTENTS, until the name becomes available for editing.

b)

Rename the layer, “Potential Pollution Sources,” and press ENTER.

c)

Click twice, slowly, on the heading “Distance” under this layer name.

d)

Type in “Proximity to Wetlands (feet)”. Press ENTER.

e)

Click twice, slowly, on nwi_durham_dis, until the name becomes available for editing.

f)

Rename the layer, “Wetlands,” and press ENTER.

g)

Click twice, slowly, on pbnh, until the name becomes available for editing.

h)

Rename the layer, “Political Boundaries,” and press Enter.

9. Optional: Adjust Legend Style Each layer represented in the legend has a style associated with it. Potential Pollution Source’s style displays the layer name, a heading, and a label for each value. Wetlands and Political Boundaries show only a label for each value. In this map, these default options are probably appropriate, but you might in other situations want to change them.

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a)

Double click on the legend to open the LEGEND PROPERTIES.

b)

Click on the ITEMS tab, and select POTENTIAL POLLUTION SOURCES on the right hand side.

c)

Click the STYLE button.

d)

Look at the PREVIEW window in the upper right hand corner of the LEGEND ITEM SELECTOR. The PREVIEW will update as you check out the different options.

e)

Try a few of the options in the STYLE list, and see how they affect the legend layout.

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f)

To return to the original style, select the eighth option in the list, which includes the layer name, heading, and label.

g)

Click OK, and OK again.

10. Insert Disclaimer Text a)

From the INSERT menu, select OBJECT.

b)

Select CREATE FROM FILE.

c)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\disclaimer.doc.

d)

Click OK, and OK again.

e)

Resize the text box to fit in the space you have available. Notice that this makes the font very small -- that’s probably OK, since this text doesn’t need to be the main focus of the map.

f)

If you want to edit the text, double click on the text box. The text, originally a Word document, will open in a Word window. You can edit the text, change the line breaks, font, or anything else, and close the Word window. The changes will be made to the document as it appears in your map, but they will not be saved to the original Disclaimer.doc document.

11. Align Elements in a Layout a)

Hold down the CTRL key, and select the both title text box and the Durham data frame.

b)

From the DRAWING menu on the DRAWING toolbar (at the bottom of the screen), select ALIGN - ALIGN TO MARGINS. This turns on the ALIGN TO MARGINS option, which means that the next alignment command you give will occur relative to the margins, not to other objects on the page.

c)

Return to the DRAWING menu, and select ALIGN - CENTER. Both objects are centered between the left and right margins.

d)

Hold down the CTRL key, and select the NH data frame, and then select the Durham data frame.

e)

From the DRAWING menu, select ALIGN - ALIGN TO MARGINS. (This turns off the ALIGN TO MARGINS options.)

f)

Return to the DRAWING menu, and select ALIGN - LEFT. The left side of the NH data frame, which was the first object you selected, is aligned to the left side of the Durham data frame, which was the last object you selected.

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12. Add a Graticule or Grid

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a)

Right click on the Durham data frame, and select PROPERTIES.

b)

Click the GRIDS tab.

c)

Select NEW GRID.

d)

Select GRATICULE, and click NEXT.

e)

Choose labels only.

f)

Place parallels and meridians every 0 degrees, 2 minutes, and 0 seconds, and click Next.

g)

Click NEXT through the following options, and then click FINISH and OK.

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h)

Notice that a graticule has been added to the data frame. (You may want to zoom in on the layout to see it better. Remember to use the ZOOM tool from the LAYOUT toolbar, and not from the TOOLS toolbar!)

i)

Save your map.

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CHAPTER 14

Customizing ArcMap

There are many ways to customize ArcMap to make it do more precisely the jobs you need it to do. You have already customized the interface a little bit, by adding and docking the layout and editing toolbars. These changes were automatically saved to the “normal” template (normal.mxt), which is used every time ArcMap opens. You often will have a choice of where you want to save your customizations--either in the normal template, where they will be incorporated into every new document that is opened, or in just the map document that is open when you are making your customizations. In addition to adding and docking toolbars, you can create custom toolbars, and add tools to them. You can also create new tools and commands, either by importing a script that someone else has written, or by writing your own code. ArcMap comes with a Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) editor that you can use for this purpose. In this unit, you will create a custom toolbar and add existing commands to it. Then you will import a script that was downloaded from ArcScripts online (http://arcscripts.esri.com), and then copy and paste code into the VBA editor to create a new button for your toolbar.

1. Create a Custom Toolbar a)

Open ArcMap with a new, empty map.

b)

Make sure you are in DATA VIEW.

c)

From the TOOLS menu, select CUSTOMIZE...

In the CUSTOMIZE window, notice that there are three tabs. The first tab, TOOLBARS, lists all of the pre-defined toolbars that come with ArcMap. The second tab, COMMANDS, lists all of the pre-defined commands that you can add to a toolbar. The commands are organized into a number of different categories. The third tab, OPTIONS, defines a few options related to customizing ArcMap. d)

Click on the TOOLBARS tab, and select NEW.

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e)

Name your toolbar after yourself (e.g., BradsToolbar), and choose to save it in normal.mxt. Note that you could also save it in your current document.

Notice that a little empty, floating toolbar has appeared in your document.

2. Add Commands to a Toolbar

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a)

Click on the COMMANDS tab.

b)

Click on the SELECTION category (on the left hand side).

c)

A number of these commands are very handy, but they do not exist on the default toolbars. You can add them to your custom toolbar.

d)

Click on the SELECT BY ATTRIBUTES command, and drag it to your new toolbar.

e)

Click on the CLEAR SELECTED FEATURES command, and drag it to your new toolbar.

f)

Click on the ZOOM TO SELECTED FEATURES command, and drag it to your new toolbar.

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g)

Click on the SWTOOLS category (on the left hand side), and select ADD AREA/ LENGTH.

The AREA/LENGTH tool adds and populates an "Area" field to polygon files and/ or a "Length" field to polyline files. If either of these fields (Area or Length) exists, AREALENGTH will update the existing value. You will need to use this tool in the next chapter. NOTE: AREALENGTH is a free ArcMap tool downloaded from the ArcScripts website. Someone realized there was a need for it, wrote the code for it, and added it to the website so it could be downloaded by other users. The AREALENGTH tool has already been registered on the workshop computers; if you wish to add it to your own computer, read the Readme.txt file available in the AreaLengthTool folder on your CD. h)

Drag it to the new toolbar.

i)

Right click on ADD AREA/LENGTH, and choose BEGIN A GROUP. This inserts a little divider line into the toolbar, to suggest that ADD AREA/LENGTH is a different type of tool than the selection tools.

j)

Dock your toolbar next to the EDITING toolbar.

3. Define a New Command in the VBA Editor. a)

With the Commands tab selected, make sure the SAVE IN field is set to Normal.mxt.

b)

Click on the UICONTROLS category.

c)

Click the NEW UICONTROL button at the bottom of the window.

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d)

Make sure that UIBUTTONCONTROL is selected, and click CREATE.

e)

This adds a new command to the right hand pane, “Normal.UIButtonControl1.”

f)

Click twice, slowly, on NORMAL.UIBUTTONCONTROL1 until its name becomes editable.

g)

Type in a new name: “OpenArcToolbox” and press ENTER.

h)

Drag NORMAL.OPENARCTOOLBOX to the STANDARD toolbar, next to the ArcCatalog icon.

i)

Close the CUSTOMIZE window.

j)

Right click on the new button, and choose VIEW SOURCE (all the way down at the bottom). This opens up the VBA editor.

k)

In the Normal.mxt window, make sure you see “OpenArcToolbox” in the left hand drop down menu, and “Click” in the right hand drop down menu.

Type here

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l)

There should be two lines of text in the window now: “Private Sub OpenArcToolbox_Click()” on one line, and “End Sub” on another. Between those lines, type the following: Dim MyAppID, ReturnValue MyAppID = Shell(“c:\arcgis\arcexe83\bin\arctoolbox.exe”, 1) AppActivate MyAppID

NOTE: The path name given in quotation marks here is the path to ArcToolbox used in a standard installation of ArcGIS (including those in the UNHCE laptop lab). It may be different on some computers--adjust it if necessary to the path on your computer. m)

From the DEBUG menu, choose COMPILE NORMAL.

n)

Choose SAVE from the FILE menu, and close the VBA window.

4. Add an Icon to a Button a)

From the TOOLS menu, select CUSTOMIZE.

b)

With the CUSTOMIZE window open, right click on your new button on the Standard toolbar (not the one in the Customize window).

c)

Select CHANGE BUTTON IMAGE, and select BROWSE.

d)

If it doesn’t open there automatically, browse to C:\Arcgis\Arcexe83\Bin\Icons.

e)

Select the “applications_ArcToolbox.bmp” icon, and click OK.

f)

Close the CUSTOMIZE window.

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Summarizing Attribute Data

CHAPTER 15

In this chapter, you will calculate the total number of acres of conservation land in each town in Hillsborough County. You will then add a table of that information to a map layout.

1. Set Up Your Map Document a)

Open a new, empty map.

b)

If you are not already in DATA VIEW, click on the DATA VIEW icon at the bottom of the page.

c)

Double click on Layers to open the DATA FRAME PROPERTIES window.

d)

On the GENERAL tab, change the name to Conservation Lands, and the map and display units to feet.

e)

On the COORDINATE SYSTEM tab, select the GRANIT coordinate system information from your favorites list.

f)

Click OK.

g)

Click the SAVE button, and save your map as C:\Arc8workshop\Conservation_lands.mxd.

h)

Click the ADD DATA button, and add C:\Arc8workshop\Data\PBNH\pbnh.shp.

i)

Click the ADD DATA button again, and add the shapefile from C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Conservation\consp.shp.

TIP: Make sure you add the shapefile, not the coverage.

j)

Right click on consp and open its attribute table.

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Even though this is a layer about all of the conservation lands in New Hampshire, there are hardly any attributes in the attribute table. Instead, they are stored in an associated data file that you can join to the feature data. k)

Close the attribute table.

2. Review: Join a Layer with a Table

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a)

Right click on consp and select JOINS AND RELATES - JOIN.

b)

Choose to join attributes from a table.

c)

Select the field TID in this layer.

d)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Conservation\cons.adf.

e)

Select the field TID in the table.

f)

Click OK.

g)

Open the attribute table again, and view all of the information now included with the conservation feature data.

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3. Review: Create a Definition Query. a)

Double click on consp to open its PROPERTIES window.

b)

Select the DEFINITION QUERY tab.

c)

Click the QUERY BUILDER button.

d)

Double click on consp.TID, single click on “<>” and double click on 999-99999999 (the last option), and click OK.

This removes any outlying (island) polygons such as those that occur when there are private lands completely surrounded by a state forest.

4. Review: Select By Attributes Select all the towns in Hillsborough County.

a)

Click on the SELECT BY ATTRIBUTES button in your new toolbar.

b)

Create a new selection from the layer pbnh.

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c)

Double click on County, single click on “=”, and double click on “11”. (Click Complete List if necessary.)

d)

Click APPLY, and CLOSE.

5. Intersect a Layer with Features of Another Layer

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a)

From the TOOLS menu, select GEOPROCESSING WIZARD.

b)

Select INTERSECT, and read the brief description of Intersect.

c)

Click NEXT.

d)

Set consp as the input layer, and pbnh as the polygon overlay layer. Make sure the USE SELECTED FEATURES ONLY box is checked.

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e)

Name the output shapefile: C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Conservation\cons_hillsborough.shp.

f)

Click FINISH.

The output dataset contains all the conservation lands in Hillsborough County. Where a single parcel crossed the county border, it was cut so only the portion within Hillsborough County remains. Additionally, every parcel that crossed town borders within Hillsborough County was split into multiple parcels. For example, the Wapack National Wildlife Refuge straddles the border of Temple and Greenfield. In the original consp dataset, one polygon represented this refuge. Now, it is two polygons: one for the portion of the refuge in Temple, and one for the portion of the refuge in Greenfield. g)

Right click on consp and select REMOVE.

h)

Save your map.

6. Update Area and Length for a Layer a)

Click the ADD AREA/LENGTH button that you added to your custom toolbar in the last unit.

b)

Select cons_hillsborough as your input layer.

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c)

Click OK.

d)

Click OK again when processing is complete.

7. Review: Add and Calculate a Field a)

Right click on cons_hillsborough, and select OPEN ATTRIBUTE TABLE.

b)

Click the OPTIONS button, and select ADD FIELD.

c)

Name the field CONS_ACRES, with Type Float, Precision of 8 and Scale of 1.

d)

From the EDITOR menu, select START EDITING.

e)

Select C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Conservation as the folder to edit from.

f)

If you get a coordinate system warning, just click START EDITING.

g)

Return to the attribute table, and right click on your new field, CONS_ACRES.

h)

Select CALCULATE VALUES.

i)

Click on AREA, then type “ / 43560 “ (the number of square feet in an acre).

NOTE: You may notice there is also a field called AREA1. Don’t select this field for your calculation -- it represents the area of each town in Hillsborough County, and was added to this field when consp and pbnh were intersected.

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j)

Click OK.

k)

From the EDITOR menu, select STOP EDITING.

l)

Click YES to save your edits.

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8. Summarize Values in a Table a)

Now you can summarize the acres of land that are protected in each town in Hillsborough county.

b)

Right click on NAME1, which is the field containing town names.

c)

Select SUMMARIZE.

d)

Click the + sign next to CONS_ACRES to expand the summarizing options for that field.

e)

Put a check mark next to Sum under CONS_ACRES. This will have the computer add up the acres of conservation land for each town.

f)

Name the output file C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Conservation\cons_hills_acres.dbf.

TIP: For additional information on Summarizing, click the MORE ABOUT SUMMARIZE button. g)

Click OK.

h)

Click YES to add the result table to the document.

i)

Close the attribute table.

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j)

Right click on cons_hills_acres, and select OPEN.

k)

“Count NAME 1” indicates how many conservation parcels are in each town; “Sum CONS_ACRES” is the total number of acres of conservation land in each town. Which town has the most parcels of conservation land? Does it also have the most acres protected? Which town has the smallest protected acreage?

9. Optional: Set Field Name Aliases a)

Close the attribute table.

b)

Double click on cons_hills_acres to open its PROPERTIES window.

c)

Select the FIELDS tab.

d)

Select the field OID, and un-check the Visible box.

e)

Select the field NAME 1, and type “Town” in the Alias box.

f)

Select the field Cnt_NAME1, and type “Number of Parcels” in the Alias box.

g)

Select the field Sum_CONS_A, and type “Total Cons Land (Acres)” in the Alias box.

h)

Click OK.

i)

Right click on cons_hills_acres, and re-open the attribute table.

10. Add an Attribute Table to a Layout a)

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In the attribute table of cons_hills_acres, click the OPTION button.

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TIP: You must have the SOURCE tab selected to see your cons_hills_acres table. b)

Select ADD TABLE TO LAYOUT.

c)

Close the attribute table.

d)

Click on the LAYOUT VIEW button.

e)

If all the columns are not visible in the table, pull the right edge of the table over to the right a little. If any of the rows are not visible, pull the bottom edge of the table down a little.

f)

To reduce the size of the table in the layout, first double click on the table to open its PROPERTIES window.

g)

Click the SIZE AND POSITION tab, and make sure there is a check mark next to “Preseve Aspect Ratio.”

h)

Click OK.

i)

While holding down the SHIFT key, click on one of the corner anchors, and drag it toward the center of the table until the table is as small as you want it.

j)

Save your document, and close ArcMap.

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CHAPTER 16

Sharing Data and Documents

1. Re-project Data In ArcToolbox The projection and coordinate system information for all of the data we have used in this course are those that are used by the state of New Hampshire. However, if you were to acquire nearby data from another source, it might use different spatial reference information. ArcMap has the ability to project-on-the-fly: that is, if you have a document displaying New Hampshire data (in New Hampshire’s standard coordinate system, units, and datum), and add Maine data (in Maine’s standard coordinate system, units, and datum), the data will appear to line up in the data frame’s coordinate space. However, if you are conducting any analysis with these data, your results will be most accurate if all the layers in the analysis share the same coordinate system. In that case, you will need to re-project your data. For more accurate analysis, analyze data using a coordinate system that best preserves the spatial properties affecting your analysis. For example, if the study of your analysis is a town or city, you should not use a coordinate system that is designed for a continent or the entire world. You should also not use coordinate systems designed for parts of the globe that are different than your study area. Always try to match the coordinate system with your study area for both scale and location. (From ESRI’s help pages). a)

Open ArcCatalog, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Mainedata.

b)

Double click on me_wshed.shp, which contains the direct watersheds of surface waters that are sources of Maine public water supplies.

c)

Select the Shape field, and look at the spatial reference information at the bottom of the screen. This data set is not in NH Stateplane feet.

d)

Click the three dots next to the spatial reference information to view more information about this data set. It is in UTM zone 19, NAD 1983, and its units are meters.

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NOTE: Luckily, in this case the spatial reference information has already been defined. If it were Unknown, you would have to find metadata for the data, go to the Maine Office of GIS website, or contact the Maine Office of GIS to find out what projection information they use. You can not just define the spatial reference information here as New Hampshire Stateplane feet. e)

Click Cancel twice to close the PROPERTIES windows.

f)

Click the ArcToolbox icon in ArcCatalog to open ArcToolbox.

g)

Expand the DATA MANAGEMENT TOOLS section, and select PROJECTIONS.

h)

Double click on the PROJECT WIZARD (SHAPEFILES, GEODATABASES).

TIP: Make sure you choose the PROJECT WIZARD, and not the DEFINE PROJECTION WIZARD.

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i)

Click the BROWSE button, and browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Mainedata.

j)

Click ADD, and then click NEXT.

k)

Specify the output file: C:\Arc8workshop\Data\Mainedata\me_wshed_sp.shp, and click NEXT.

l)

Click SELECT COORDINATE SYSTEM.

m)

Click IMPORT.

n)

Browse to C:\Arc8workshop\Data\PBNH\pbnh.shp, and click ADD.

o)

Click OK.

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p)

Click NEXT, and the click NEXT again.

q)

Review the Summary information, and click FINISH.

r)

Close ArcToolbox.

s)

Return to ArcCatalog.

t)

From the VIEW menu, select REFRESH.

TIP: You may need to click on a different folder before you REFRESH, or click REFRESH a couple of times. u)

Select me_wshed_sp.shp, and select the METADATA tab.

v)

Using the FGDC ESRI stylesheet, select the SPATIAL tab.

w)

Although metadata has not been created (or imported) for this dataset, the metadata does automatically update the spatial reference information. Here, you can see that your data have been re-projected into NH Stateplane feet.

2. Use Relative Pathnames When you add data to a map, the pathname to the data is stored in the map. You can view the pathname of the data represented by a layer in your map by looking in the SOURCE tab of the TABLE OF CONTENTS, or by double-clicking the layer to bring up

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the PROPERTIES dialog box, then checking the path in the SOURCE tab of the dialog box. When you open your map, ArcMap locates the data it needs using these stored pathnames. If ArcMap can't find the data for a particular layer, the layer will appear in the ArcMap table of contents but it won't be drawn. Instead, a red exclamation mark will appear next to the layer to indicate that the layer needs to be repaired. If you plan to distribute your maps to others or if the location of your data has changed, you may need to change how your map references data so that when you save the map, others will not need to repair layers. ArcMap has several options for referencing file-based data, including absolute full paths and relative paths. An example of an absolute full path is: C:\GIS\Project1\Boundary.shp. To share maps saved with paths to data with the absolute full path option, everyone who uses the map must either do so on the same computer or have the data on their computer in exactly the same folder structure. An example of a relative path is: \Project1\Boundary.shp. Relative paths in a map specify the location of the data contained in the map relative to the current location on disk of the map document (.mxd file) itself. As relative paths don't contain drive names, they enable the map and its associated data to be moved to any disk drive without the map having to be repaired. As long as the same directory structure is used at the new location, the map will still be able to find its data by traversing the relative paths. Data referenced by a relative path can be in the same folder as the map, or in a folder above or below the folder containing the map. To reference data in a folder that's above the folder containing the map, a relative path will contain \..\ for each level up in the folder structure that must be traversed. If layers in a map do not meet that criterion, they will not be saved with relative pathnames, but will instead retain their full absolute pathname. Sharing such maps presumes that everybody who uses the map must either do so on the same computer, or have the exact same directory structure on their computer at the point where the map document is stored. This option allows you to share maps that you made with data on your local F:\" drive with people who only have a C:\" drive. This also allows you to easily move the map and its data to a different hard drive on your computer, or give the map and its data to another person to copy to their computer.

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a)

Open ArcMap.

b)

Open your map, C:\Arc8workshop\Durham.mxd.

c)

From the FILE menu, choose MAP PROPERTIES.

d)

Click DATA SOURCE OPTIONS.

e)

Select STORE RELATIVE PATHNAMES, and click OK.

f)

Click OK again, to close the MAP PROPERTIES window.

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g)

Save your map.

3. Use A Map Template a)

From the FILE menu, choose SAVE AS...

b)

Name your map document Durham_test.mxd.

c)

Make sure you are in LAYOUT VIEW.

d)

Click the CHANGE LAYOUT button.

e)

Choose LANDSCAPE MODERN INSET from the list of templates under the GENtab.

ERAL

f)

Click NEXT.

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g)

Make sure that the large data frame (#1) contains your Durham data frame, and the smaller data frame (#2) contains your New Hampshire locus map. If this is not the case, select one of the items in the list, and click MOVE UP or MOVE DOWN.

h)

Click FINISH.

i)

Double click the title box to enter a new title.

j)

Save your map.

4. Save a Map as a Template You may decide that you prefer the map that you originally designed, and want to create a series that uses the same style.

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a)

Click the OPEN MAP button, and select C:\Arc8workshop\Durham.mxd.

b)

From the FILE menu, choose SAVE AS...

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c)

At the bottom of the window, choose ArcMap Templates (*.mxt) as the File Type.

Make sure to change the file type d)

Give your template your own name (e.g., BradsTemplate.mxt).

e)

For now, save your template in C:\Arc8\Templates.

NOTE: If you wanted the template to appear in the General tab of the Select Template window, you could save it in ESRI’s template folder: C:\arcgis\arcexe83\Bin\Templates\LandscapeClassic.mxt. However, you can always navigate to your own template directory by clicking the MYTEMPLATES tab, and browsing to the directory you want.

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