Inorganic Nomenclature

1

Chemistry by P.K.Sinha Kota

NOMENCLATURE

Nomenclature of Simple Inorganic Compounds Naming Of Anions Rule 1:-If the anion contains only one element with a negative charge, then usually the suffix ide is used. e.g. F fluoride Cl chloride Br bromide  2 2 I iodide O oxide S sulphide N3 nitride P3 phosphide As3 arsenide H hydride Au auride etc. Rule 2:-*For an oxyanion (i.e. an ion with a negative charge which contains oxygen alongwith some other element), suffix ate is used. e.g. SiO32 silicate CO32 carbonate ZnO22 zincate * If the nonmetal (other than oxygen) exists in more than one oxidation state, then ite is attached to the lower one and ate is attached to higher one e.g. SO42 sulphate, SO32 sulphite   NO3 nitrate, NO2 nitrite SnO22 stannite, SnO32 stannate 2 2 PbO2 plumbite, PbO3 plumbate * If more than two oxyanions exist, then prefix per should be used for anion containing nonmetal in oxidation state higher than ate anion and prefix hypo should be used for anion containing nonmetal in oxidation state lower than ite anion. e.g. ClO3 chlorate, ClO4 perchlorate   ClO2 chlorite, ClO hypochlorite Similarly IO2 is iodite ion, BrO3 is bromate ion etc. PO43 phosphate HPO32 phosphite  H2PO2 hypophosphite Miscellaneous anions NH2 amide O22 NH2 ionide O2  N3 azide O3 CrO22 chromate, Cr2O72 MnO42 manganate, MnO4 3 [Fe(CN)6] ferricyanide, [Fe(CN)6]4 CN cyanide, OCN cyanate,  CH3COO acetate, C2O42 oxalate

peroxide superoxide ozonide dichromate permanganate ferrocyanide SCN

thiocyanate

Rule 3* Often when anion has 2 charge, e.g. CO32, then another species (e.g.  HCO3 ) is also possible. Then a prefix bi or hydrogen is attached. e.g. HCO3 bicarbonate or hydrogen carbonate HSO4 bisulphate or hydrogen sulphate  HSO3 bisulphite or hydrogen sulphite

Contact at [email protected]

2

Chemistry by P.K.Sinha Kota HS

bisulphide

or

hydrogen sulphide etc.

* When anion has 3 charge, e.g. PO43, then following possibilities arise 2 HPO4 monohydrogen phosphate  H2PO4 dihydrogen phosphate Cations * Fe2+ Sn2+ Hg2+ e.g.

Higher oxidation state is denoted by ic while lower one by ous . e.g. ferrous Fe3+ ferric stannous Sn4+ stannic mercurous Hg2+ mercuric

Otherwise, oxidation state is directly specified. AuCl Gold(I) chloride, AuCl3 Gold(III) chloride

Note: It is helpful if usual oxidation states of certain ions in aqueous solution are remembered. e.g. Mn2+ manganese(II) ions 3+ Cr chromium (III) ions Ag+ silver (I) ions 2+ Zn zinc (II) ions e.g.

* Suffix NH3 N2 H 4 C6H5NH2 C5H5N

nium is often used with cations containing non metals. : ammonia, NH4+ : ammonium : hydrazine, N2H5+ : hydrazinium 3+ : aniline, C6H5NH2 : anilinium + : pyridine, C5H6N : pyridinium

H3O+ NO2+ NO+

: : :

hydronium nitronium nitrosonium

Contact at [email protected]

3

Chemistry by P.K.Sinha Kota Exercise

Assuming the following compounds to exist, give the chemical formulae for 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

Calcium sulphide Potassium chlorite Magnesium sulphite Chromium sulphate Ferrous oxalate Sodium acetate Lead chloride Cuprous iodide Copper(II) sulphide Barium pemanganate Radium phosphate Strontium silicate Cesium ozonide Sodium amide(sodamide) Magnesium nitride Barium peroxide Mercurous sulphate Mercuric chloride Silver chromate Calcium phosphide Magnesium bisulphide Chromium bisulphate Potassium hypophosphite Ferric chlorite Sodium nitrite Ammonium phosphite Rubidium iodate Cesium hypoiodite Strontium fluoride Silver oxalate Radium cyanide Potassium ferrocyanide Strontium manganate Cesium hypophosphite Berillium chloride Ammonium cyanate Silver ferricyanide Rubidium superoxide Lithium hydride Ferric thiocyanate Cuprous sulphide Cobalt (III) nitrate

CaS KClO2 Mg(SO3)2 Cr2(SO4)3 FeC2O4 CH3COONa PbCl2 Cu2I2 CuS Ba(MnO4)2 Ra3(PO4)2 SrSiO3 CsO3 NaNH2 Mg3N2 BaO2 Hg2SO4 Hg2Cl2 Ag2(CrO4) Ca3P2 Mg(HS)2 Cr(HSO4)3 KH2PO2 Fe(ClO2)3 NaNO2 (NH4)2HPO3 RbIO3 CsIO SrF2 Ag2C2O4 Ra(CN)2 K4Fe(CN)6 SrMnO4 CsH2PO2 BeCl2 NH4OCN Ag3[Fe(CN)6] RbO2 LiH Fe(SCN)3 Cu2S Co(NO3)3

Contact at [email protected]

4

Chemistry by P.K.Sinha Kota

Give names for the following Simple Compounds 1. Na3PO4 2. CuSiO3 3. Ca(HSO4)2 4. NaIO3 5. Al2(SO3)3 6. AlN 7. Cu(NO3)2 8. AgClO4 9. Fe3(PO4)2 10. RaCO3 11. Fe2S3 12. Zn(NO3)2 13. Li3N 14. HgCl2 15. CsI 16. Sr(NO2)2 17. Hg2Br2 18. NaHS 19. KHCO3 20. CaC2O4 21. Pb(ClO4)2 22. Ca(HPO3)2 23. NaH2PO2 24. CaCl2 25. RbNO3 26. NaH2PO4 27. Na2HPO4 28. SnCl4 29. KO2 30. MgO2 31. Mn2O3 32. FeO 33. AuCl3 34. SnS2 35. Mg3As2 36. Ca3N2 37. Ca(N3)2 38. Cu2[Fe(CN)6] 39. BaMnO4 40. Ra(MnO4)2 41. RbIO2 42. KO3 43. Al2O3 44. NaAu

Sodium phosphate Cupric silicate or Copper silicate Calcium bisulphate Sodium Iodate Aluminium sulphite Aluminium nitride Cupric nitrate Silver perchlorate Ferrous phosphate Radium carbonate Ferric sulphide Zinc nitrate Lithium nitride Mercuric chloride Cesium Iodide Strontium nitrite Mercurous bromide Sodium bisulphide Potassium bicarbonate Calcium oxalate Lead perchlorate Calcium phosphite Sodium hypophosphite Calcium chloride Rubidium nitrate Mono sodium dinitrogen phosphate Disodium monohydrogen phosphate Stannic chloride Potassium superoxide Magnesium peroxide Manganese(III) oxide Ferrous oxide or iron (II) oxide Gold(III) chloride Tin(IV) sulphide Magnesium arsenide Calcium nitride Calcium azide Copper ferrocyanide Barium manganate Radium permanganate Rubidium iodite Potassium ozonide Aluminium oxide Sodium auride

Contact at [email protected]