Information System

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST BENIFICIENT, THE MOST MERCIFUL.

GROUP NO. 8

GROUP MEMBERS  FIZZA AZAM.[GL]  Itrat Fatima.  Hafiza Sidra.  Mehroz Khan.  Iqra Butt.  Harris Khurram.  Anum Fayaz.  Sajeel Bhatti.  Fawaz Qureshi.

PROFESSOR ALLEN S. LEE States that "...research in the information systems field examines more than the technological system, or just the social system, or even the two side by side; in addition, it investigates the phenomena that emerge when the two interact."

TABLE OF CONTENTS  What Are ISs?  Components Of IS.  Types Of IS: -Operation Support Systems. -Management Support Systems. -Knowledge Management Systems.  System Development.  How System Works.[NADRA]  Role of IS.

PRESENTER NO.1 Hafiza Sidra Yousaf BT-08-51

WHAT ARE IS?

WHAT ARE

INFORMATION SYSTEMS? A set of people, procedures and resources that  Collect data  Manipulate data  Disseminate data & information  Provide feedback to meet an objective.  Work together to achieve a common set of objectives.

COMPONENTS OF 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Hardware. Software. People. Data. Network.

IS

HARDWARE RESOURCES All physical devices used in information processing.

SOFTWARE RESOURCES All information processing instructions including programs and procedures.

Presenter no. 2 SYEDA ITRAT FATIMA BT-08-50

DATA Vs. INFORMATION oData  raw facts or

observations  meaningless  time independent  machine efficient  general purpose

o Information  informative value  time dependent  human efficient  specific  based on previous

knowledge

Different types of information can be derived from the same source of data .

HOW IS DATA PROCESSED?

USEFUL INFORMATION  Characteristics of useful information

• Relevant • Complete • Accurate • Current • Economical

18

NETWROK RESOURCES Communication media

PEOPLE /USERS The people who use the IS or the information from the IS.

• Example: End User, Data Entry,Person, Manager, Programmer, DB Administrator, Cashier, Secretary, Professor.

1-21

TYPES OF

IS

In fo r m a tio n S y s te m O p e r a tio n s In fo r m a tio n S y s te m s T r a n s a c tio n P r o c e s s in g S y s te m s

P ro c e s s C o n tro l S y s te m s

M anagem ent In fo r m a tio n S y s te m s O ffic e A u to m a tio n S y s te m s

In fo r m a tio n R e p o r tin g S y s te m s

Knowledge management systems

D e c is io n S u p p o rt S y s te m s

E x e c u tiv e In fo r m a tio n S y s te m s

PRESENTER NO. 3 MEHROZE KHAN BT-08-14

OPERATION SUPPORT SYSTEMS Efficiently process business transactions Control industrial processes Support communications and collaboration Update corporate databases process data generated by business operations

CATEGORIES OF OSS Major categories are 2. Transaction processing systems 3. Process control systems 4. Office automation systems

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS •

•

•

•

Process business exchanges Maintain records about the exchanges Handle routine, yet critical, tasks Perform simple calculations Examples: sales processing, inventory systems, accounting systems

PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS Process control systems control Industrial processes and mechanisms. Example: in a petroleum refinery use sensors to monitor chemical processes.

OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS Office automation systems automate office procedures and enhance office communications and productivity. Example: Invoice scanning, approval process , OCR .

PRESENTER N0.4 IQRA BUTT BT-08-31

MANAGEMENT SUPPORT SYSTEMS Management support systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers Management support Systems are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization.[

TYPES OF MANAGEMENT SUPPORT SYSTEMS 1. Information Reporting System. 2. Decision Support System. 3. Executive Information System.

INFORMATION REPORTING SYSTEMS Provide:

 Reports and displays to managers  Routine information for routine decisions  Operational efficiency  Use transaction data as main input  Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas Example: daily sales analysis reports

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems  End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS Example: A what-if-analysis to determine where to spend advertising dollars 

EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM Systems that support non-routine decisionmaking through advanced graphics and communications. Strategic-level Systems 5-year sales trend forecasting Sales and Marketing

5-year operating plan Manufacturing

5-year budget forecasting Finance

Profit planning Accounting

Personnel planning Human Resources

Presenter no. 5 HARRIS KHURRAM BT-08-16

EXPERT SYSTEMS

EXPERT SYSTEMS ES is an information system that captures and stores the knowledge of human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision making processes for those who have less expertise. Example: Artificial Intelligence (AI) the application of human intelligence to computers. (Speech recognition and creative responses)

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT Knowledge management (KM), is the process through which organizations generate value from their intellectual and knowledge-based assets. Most often, generating value from such assets involves codifying what employees, partners and customers know, and sharing that information among employees, departments and even with other companies in an effort to devise best practices.

How a KMS Works

Customer

Help Desk agent

Knowledge Base

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS Expert System

Semantic Web. It is an extension of the current Web, in which information is given a well-defined meaning, based in part on NLP, on XML presentation, and new technologies such as resource description framework (RDF).

Neural Networks Robotics

Natural Artificial neural Language networks (ANNs) Processing simulate massive parallel processes that involve processing elements interconnected in a network.

Cognitive/Learning Science Visual & Auditory Processing

AI Chapter 11

Fuzzy logic deals with uncertainties by simulating the process of human reasoning, allowing the computer to behave less precisely and logically 45 than conventional computers do.

Benefits from KM? • Foster innovation by encouraging the free flow of ideas • Improve customer service by streamlining response time • Boost revenues by getting products and services to market faster • Enhance employee retention rates by recognizing the value of employees' knowledge and rewarding them for it • Streamline operations and reduce costs by eliminating redundant or unnecessary processes

PRESENTER NO. 6 ANUM FAYAZ BT-08-26

DEVELOPMENT OF It is a set of activities developers use to build an information system.

IS

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PHASES Analysts Role

Initiation Analysis Design Implementation

Quality

Documentation

Review

Ethics Project Management

Maintenance 49

PARTICIPATION

INITIATION • Is this project worth doing?

System Users

Planned development project Steering Committee

Survey Project Feasibility Feasibility Report (scope defined)

Constraints

Unplanned development project

Problem/opportunity details

ANALYSIS 51

System Owners

ANALYSIS • Define the client’s requirements . INITIATION

System Users

Feasibility Report

System Requirements Specification Report

Analyse the problem and define requirements

Problem/opportunity details

System Requirements Specification Report

DESIGN System Owners

52

DESIGN • Define how the system will be implemented ANALYSIS

System Vendors

Various Sources Design ideas/opinions

System Requirements Specification Report

Hardware/Software deals

Select a design strategy and specify details

Technical Design Report

Design Options Selected Design Option

Design in Progress Report

IMPLEMENTATION

SystemOwners/ Users 53

IMPLEMENTATION System Users

• Build and deliver the system DESIGN

User acceptance testing

Technical Design Report

User Documentation

System Vendors

Hardware/ Software

Build, test, install and deliver the new system

User Training

Production System System and Technical Documentation

MAINTENANCE

Project Report

System Owners

54

MAINTAINANCE • Fix it / Make it better Fixes and enhancements

System Users

Problems/New ideas

Maintain the new system

Additional training and documentation

Technical problems and new technology Project staff

Escalating maintenance

back to INITIATION

Modifications

PRODUCTION SYSTEM 55

PRESENTER NO. 7 FIZZA AZAM BT-08-77

HOW SYSTEM WORKS? NATIONAL DATABASE AND REGISTRATION AUTHORITY (N A D R A )

CURRENT PRODUCTS Computerized National ID Cards (CNIC) National ID Cards for Overseas Pakistanis (NICOP) Pakistan Origin Card (POC) Children Registration Certificate (CRC) Machine Readable Passports (MRP) Vehicle Identification and Monitoring System (VIMS) Online Bill Payment KIOSK Driving liscence (computrized) Geographical Information System •\

IS RELATED POWERS  Multipurpose Databases  Data Warehouses  Country wide data communication network.  Interfacing of Databases and Related Facilities  Information Sharing

COMPONENTS OF IS HARDWARE

SOFTWARE

       

 MS 2000 Advance server  SQL server  Perl language  PDMS urdu font  CRm applications  Online Verification Applications

Camera Thumb Digitizer Signature Scanner Form scanner Sattelite Fiber Optics Web server Printing facility

NETWORK PRI RHQ

NSRC Using Dialup Reverse Population Data

Islamabad Server Using Satellite

Filter

FTP Islamabad

FTP Multan

1.Batches 2. CRM Files 3.Daily Reports

Daily Reports & other Important Documents

RWP I ISL

PKN

CHK

KWL HQ Islamabad

AJK

VHR

te

li el

SWL PKN

LHR 1

gh ou

t Sa

MUR

KVL RWP II

GUW

NRV PAT

KWL

SWL lli

te

VHR

BWP RHQ Multan Connected with Satellite

GUJ

PKN

Sa

r

Th

RHQ Lahore LHR 2

ug h

te

QSR

KWL

Th ro

KVL

Multan

MCN

RYK Connected Using FTP

SQB

DATABASES  Modes/ Types of Data  English  Urdu/ Sindhi  Numeric  Date & Time Stamps  Images  Facial Recognition

MAIN DATABASES  Fast Track Registration Centre (FTRC)  Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

FTRC Database

Computerized ID Scheme

BACKUP     

Keeping the Network Moving Main task of the IS People Backup Routine Recovery Multiple Backups

Vision A Catalyst for Change NADRA is the most modern organization which

will

provide

base

for the

better

governance of Pakistan and will also prove as a model organization for Public Sector of Pakistan.

PRESENTER NO.8 SAJEEL ANJUM BHATTI BT-08-69

ROLES OF IS  A major part of the resources of an enterprise and its cost of doing business.  An important factor affecting operational efficiency, employee productivity, customer service, etc.  A major source of information needed to promote effective decision making.  An important ingredient in developing competitive products and services that give an organization a strategic advantage in the marketplace.

BUSINESS ARE BECOMING INTERNETWORKED • The internet and Internet-like networks (intranets and extranets) have become the primary information technology infrastructure that supports the business operations of many organizations. • Electronic commerce: – The buying and selling, and marketing and servicing of products, services, and information over a variety of computer networks.

• Globalization: – Global markets, global production facilities, global partners, global competitors, global customers.

Measuring success of an IS • Efficiency – Minimize cost, time and use of information resources • Effectiveness – Support business strategies – Enable business processes – Enhance organizational structure and culture – Increase the customer and business value 1-75

ETHICAL CHALLENGES

Presenter no. 9 FAWAZ QURESHI BT-08-75

What does IS do for a business?

1-78

FUNCTIONAL AREA OF BUSINESS • • • •

Finance and accounting Sales and marketing Manufacturing Human resource management

Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition

79

SYSTEMS IN INDUSTRY • • • • •

Airline industry Investment firms Banks Transportation industry Publishing companies

• Healthcare organizations • Professional services

GLOBALIZATION • • • •

Management Control. Competition in World Markets. Global Work Groups. Global Delivery System.

Ch 1. 81

OVERVIEW Information Systems are indispensable to the business, industry, academia and any organization to meet the future challenges.