Influnce Of Alcohol Blend On Emission

INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL BLEND ON EMISSION AND FUEL ECONOMY S. M. Lawankar 1, D. B. Pawar 2 Professor 1 , Student [M.E (CAD-CAM)] 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering 1, Department of Mechanical Engineering 2, Bapurao Deshmukh College of Engineering, Sewagram1, Dist Wardha (MS) Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research, Badnera2 Dist Amravati (MS) [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2

Abstract The rapid depletion of petroleum fuels and their ever – increasing costs have led to an intensive search for alternative fuels. The most promising substitutes for petroleum fuels are alcohols mainly, methanol and ethanol. Alcohol can be obtained from a number of sources both natural and manufactured. It is high octane fuel with octane. , it also contain more oxygen and less energy contain. So engine using high octane fuel can be run more efficient by using higher compression ratio. The objective of work is to study the relative performance gasoline-ethyl alcohol blends as fuel and its effect on emission with variable compression ratio. In this work it is found that CO emission reduced by 13% to 15% while HC emission decrease by 2% - 3% INTRODUCTION

alcohol (C2H5OH) can be produced by

The rapid depletion of petroleum

the fermentation of carbohydrates, which

fuels and their ever increasing costs have

occur naturally and very abundantly in

led to an intensive search for alternative

some plants like sugarcane, and from

fuels. The most promising substitutes for

starchy materials like corn and potatoes.

petroleum fuels are alcohols mainly,

Hence, these fuels can be produced from

methanol and ethanol. These alcohols

highly

can be readily made from a number of

renewable raw material sources. It has

non petroleum sources. Methanol or

been known since the invention of the

methyl

internal combustion engine that alcohols

produced

alcohol from

(CH3OH)

can

coal,

relatively

a

be

reliable

and

long

lasting,

could be used as a motor fuel.

abundant fossil fuel. Ethanol or ethyl

1

Considerable interest in ethyl

gases.

Thermocouples

are

use

to

alcohol as a motor fuel is shown by

measure temperature at various points.

European countries, especially in the

Consumption of alcohol and petrol blend

countries which have no petroleum

is

resources within their borders, regarding

experimentation compression ratio is

the future of our petroleum supply and

varied by adjusting screw position which

the problem of the recent surplus of farm

changes the clearance volume and

products, which are a potential source

ultimately compression ratio of an

for alcohol. There are also various

engine & different observation for fuel

technical reasons for the interest in

consumption, air consumption, torque,

alcohol. Ethyl alcohol with an octane

output, HC and CO emissions was noted

number of about 90 is a desirable fuel

at constant speed (3000 RPM), varying

from an antiknock standpoint. This

load and compression ratio

measure

by

burette.

During

octane number is appreciably higher than that of commercial premium motor fuels. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP The setup consist of a Single cylinder four stroke modified to operate under variable compression ratio having 100 CC and 8 bhp@1500rps and torque 0.9 [email protected] SI engine which is use to obtain performance of alcohol blends with various compression ratio. A rope brake dynamometer use for power measurement.

Air

consumption

is

measure using air flow meter. Digital tachometer use to measure the speed of engine. Gas analyzer is used to measure

Screw Adjustment for VCR

amount of HC and CO emissions in flue

2

RESULT & DISCUSSION

EFFECT ON THERMAL EFFICIENCY Thermal efficiency of an engine

EFFECT ON BRAKE SPECIFIC FUEL

decreases as alcohol content in blend

CONSUMPTION Specific

fuel

increases. This is due to decrease in

consumption

calorific value of

increases approximately by 2% to 3 %

alcohol content .When compression ratio

with increase % of ethanol to gasoline,

of engine increases thermal efficiency of

as ethanol have calorific value less than gasoline,

but

when

increase

blends having high

an engine also increases.

in

From figure thermal efficiency of

compression ratio brake specific fuel

engine decreases by 2% to 5% by

consumption decreases by 3% to 4%.

addition of ethanol to gasoline and as

Hence in order to reduce the value of

compression ratio increases thermal

brake specific fuel consumption increase

efficiency of engine increases by 1.25 to

in compression ratio is more suitable

1.5 %. Hence to get higher thermal

than increase in % of alcohol, but HC

efficiency blends with less alcohol

and CO emission are more with 5%

content

blend than 10% & 15% blend

should

used

at

higher

compression ratio, but this is not suitable for emission point of view. FOR BLEND 15%

0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

CR = 8.30 CR = 8.46 CR = 8.62 0

1

2

3

4

CR = 8.82

B.P (KW)

BSFC (Kg/KW-hr)

bsfc (Kg/KW-hr)

FOR BLEND 5%

1 CR= 8.30

0.5

CR=8.46 CR = 8.62

0 0

1

2

3

4

CR = 8.82

BP (KW)

Hence blend with optimum alcohol content

1 CR = 8.30

0.5

CR = 8.46

in

gasoline

at

higher

compression should be used to get

CR = 8.62

0 0

1

2

3

4

CR = 8.82

FOR BLEND 5%

BP (KW) Thermal Eff

bsfc (Kg/KW-hr)

FOR BLEND 10%

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

CR = 8.30 CR = 8.46 CR = 8.62 CR = 8.82

3

0

1

2 BP (KW)

3

4

optimum value of thermal efficiency and emissions.

From the graph it can observed that an addition of ethanol to gasoline HC emission is decreases by 2% to 3.5 % and CO emission decreases by 13 to 15 %. Also by increasing compression ratio CO emission decreases by 1.5 to

FOR BLEND 15% 10%

2.5%, hence for minimum emission,

Th TH Eff EFF

40 30 30 20 20 10 0

0

CR= CR= 8.30 8.30 CR=8.46 CR=8.46 CR = 8.62 0

0

1

1

2

2

BP (KW)

3

3

4

4

CR = 8.62

blends having high alcohol content should used at high compression ratio

CR = 8.82

CR = 8.82

BP (KW)

CO

FOR BLEND 5% 2 1.5 1 0.5 0

CR = 8.30 CR= 8.46 CR = 8.6210% FOR BLEND

EFFECTS ON HC AND CO

2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0

EMISSION

2 3 4 CR = 8.82 FOR BLEND 15% 900 BP (KW) FOR BLEND 10% 850 800 850 750 800 700 CR= 8.30 750 1 2 3 4 700 0 CR=8.46 650 BP (KW) CR = 8.62 0 1 1 2 3 4 2 CR =38.82 4 HC

1

HC

CO

0

BP (KW)

BP (KW)

Ethanol contains an oxygen atom in its basic from. It is therefore can be treated

as

a

partially

FOR BLEND 15%

oxidized 1.5

blended fuel it can provide more oxygen

Co

hydrocarbon. When ethanol is added to for combustion process and complete

1

CR= 8.30

0.5

CR=8.46 CR = 8.62

0 0

combustion of fuel take place therefore

1

2

3

4

CR = 8.82

BP (KW)

CO emission decreases and HC emission will also decreases.

HC

FOR BLEND 5% 900 850 800 750 700

CR = 8.30 CR = 8.46 0

1

2 BP (KW)

3

4

CR4= 8.62 CR = 8.82

CR= 8.30 CR=8.46

CR= CR =8.30 8.62 CR=8.46 CR = 8.82 CR = 8.62 CR = 8.82

CONCLUSION

SAE

The engine performance and pollutant emission of a SI engine

Fuel

and

Lubricants

Meeting. [3] Abdel-Rahman, A.A., Osman,

have been investigated by using

M.M.,

ethanol–gasoline blended fuel.

investigation

Experimental results indicated

compression ratio of SI engine

that

working under different ethanol–

when

ethanol–gasoline

1997.

Experimental

on

varying

blend is used, fuel consumption

gasoline

of the engine slightly increase;

International Journal of Energy

CO

Research 21, 31–40.

emission

decreases

dramatically as a result of the

fuel

the

blends.

[4]. Bata, R.M., Elord, A.C., Rice,

the

R.W., 1989. Emissions from IC

ethanol addition; HC emission

engines fueled with alcohol–

also decreases and CO2 emission

gasoline

increases

review.

leaning effect caused

because

by

of

the

blends:

a

Transactions

literature of

the

ASME 111, 424–431.

improved combustion. In this work it is found that

[5]

Alexandrian, M., Schwalm, M.,

using ethanol–gasoline blends,

1992. Comparison of ethanol and

CO emission reduced by 13% –

gasoline as automotive fuels.

15%,

ASME papers 92-WA/ DE-15.

while

HC

emission

decreases by 2% – 3% REFERENCES [1] Gorse Jr., R.A., 1992. The effects of methanol/gasoline blends on automobile

emissions.

SAE

Paper 920327. [2] Salih, F.M., Andrews, G.E., 1992. The influence of gasoline/ethanol blends on emissions and fuel economy. SAE Paper 922378,

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