Impact Of A Training Program2

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫أ   ر   ذج أوزرن – ر ‪ :‬ا‪ "#$‬ا!ا‬ ‫‪123$‬ت ‪ %*0 ,‬ا‪/$‬رات ‪,‬ق ا‪ , %*,-$‬ا‪*+$‬ت ‪$‬ى (‪$‬ت ا‪%&$‬‬ ‫ا‪ %*665‬ا‪ , *-$‬ا‪5‬ردن‪.‬‬ ‫د‪  .‬د ادي‬ ‫د ‪ .‬رب  ادي‬ ‫أ‪01‬ذ  ;‪ :‬ا‪9‬ه‪ 7‬وا‪0‬ر‪34‬‬ ‫‪  B‬ا? =ء ا‪=?@0‬‬ ‫‪ <F‬ا م ا‪ 4 E0‬وا‪90BD‬‬ ‫‪[email protected]‬‬

‫أ‪01‬ذ  ;‪ :‬ا=س وا‪<4 =0‬‬ ‫ا   ا‪C‬رد‬ ‫‪ <  <F‬ا‪ 3H‬ا‪ E0‬ي‬

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‬ ‫ه‪ ,-‬ه*) ارا&( إ ا&‪#$%‬ء أ!  ر    ذج أوز  رن – ر‪- /‬‬ ‫‪4 (05‬رات ا‪ - 012%‬ق ا‪ - - 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ى ;( ا ‪ (:‬ا‪ (0&&9‬ا‪.07‬‬ ‫‪ (50 , 1‬ارا&( > )‪; > ،(; (86‬ت ا‪ G#‬ا‪ F&%‬ا‪ - &&9‬ر&( آ‪ (D 2‬ا‪( C‬‬ ‫ا‪5 (I‬ت‪ (  /‬ا‪ (0 %‬وا‪ D (N-O 07%‬ن‪ - ،‬ا‪ M#2‬ا‪9‬ول ‪7‬م ارا&‪،2006/2005‬‬ ‫ ا‪0%U‬ر ‪ > S7T /U >0 > >0%7T‬ار&(‪ ،‬وز‪ ,‬ا‪%7I‬ن ‪ I‬ا‪ 0‬وا‪:‬ة ‪(43) (V 6‬‬ ‫;(‪ ،‬و وا‪:‬ة ‪.(; (43) (0 D‬ر ‪ ,‬ا‪ (7I‬ا‪  (0 D%‬ا  ا‪%‬ر‪ ،‬أ ا‪ (7I‬ا‪(V Z‬‬ ‫‪ $‬در&‪ ($ V ,‬ا‪ .(0$%‬وأ]‪ 4‬ت ‪ %‬ا‪ M0O%‬ا\‪:  #:‬‬‫‪ , 2 .1‬ا‪ ( D‬ا‪  (0 D%‬ا‪ ( D‬ا‪0$ - (V Z‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪- (0- 7‬‬ ‫ا ‪06‬ت)‪.(0.05 = α‬‬ ‫‪ c  d .2‬أ! ‪ >0 M2%‬ا‪ ( D‬و‪ %f‬ى ا‪ M0#O%‬ا‪ - e f‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪ -‬ا‪9‬داء ‬ ‫‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت )‪.(0.05 = α‬‬ ‫ ‪ 6‬ء ه*) ا‪ g  %5‬ا‪C:‬ن ‪ Z‬ورة ا‪d‬ه‪%‬م ‪ 5‬ذج أوز  رن – ر‪ - /‬ر‪/‬‬‫ا ‪06‬ت ‪ ،‬و‪ %O 450Z‬ى آ‪ S%‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪ G% -‬ا ا‪ M:‬ارا&‪ i0: ،(0‬أ‪ >1‬ذ‪.h‬‬ ‫و‪ F0DI‬ا‪  >07‬ا&‪%‬ا‪ - 4‬ر‪ M: /‬ا‪ (jf‬ا ‪.(06‬‬ ‫‪ %*9:‬ا‪$‬را‪ %6‬و‪/823‬‬ ‫ا‪:%;$‬‬ ‫إن ا‪$%‬م ا‪ - M4‬ا‪ 0c  51%‬وا‪d#d‬ت ا‪c (CO‬ء ‪ (D0%‬إل ا‪ M$7‬ا‪ I‬ي ‪ ،‬وا‪012%‬‬ ‫ ‪ MO‬ا‪m1I‬ت ‪ ،‬و ‪ : $‬ل إ ا‪ > CO ،4 (0‬ا‪ l0%‬وا ‪-‬ه‪ (1I > - ، (0‬وا‪ ,4c‬ا\‪f‬ن إ‪d‬‬ ‫و‪:‬ول ‪ ، 42 7‬و‪O‬ه ‪ ،‬و  ‪ 0‬أ‪1-‬ر ‪ MO nD5- ، 4O‬ا‪ ،45 7‬وزال ‪ iO‬و‪O‬ول  ‪0‬‬ ‫أ‪1-‬ر > ‪ 4jT‬أن ‪ MO‬ا‪I‬آ‪ M‬ا‪ %f (0 )*4- ،7 MO  %‬ة‪.‬و‪D0%‬ـ( ‪D2m‬ـر ا‪ - 7‬ا*ي‬ ‫‪ S:g‬ا‪V%‬ـ ر ا‪ - c  51%‬و&‪ M‬ا‪#d‬ل ا‪CO‬ـ( ‪،‬أ‪ ng‬ا‪V‬ـ(  ا‪ 4c‬ن ‪l‬اًا & ‪- ً7‬‬ ‫ا‪ ، (- 7‬و] و‪ ً-‬ا‪ (0%c‬وا‪#%‬د( ‪ 0q%‬ة ‪ M1I‬دا‪* ،‬ا و‪ 00q Sc‬ا ‪6‬ـ‪0‬ت ا‪ SD %‬أن‬ ‫ر&‪ 4‬ا‪f i0O ،(V‬ـ ا‪ 0   (V‬أ‪1-‬ر إ ا‪ ،(0‬و‪  V‬ا‪9‬دوار؛ إذ أن ا ‪06‬ـت‬ ‫ا‪ V‬و‪ f d (:‬ا‪V‬ـ(  ا‪ F G01%‬ه*ا ا‪ #7‬ا*ي ‪l%‬ا‪ s0- :‬ا‪ 0c  51%‬وا‪ 7‬ت‪4- ،‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫‪lc‬ة > إ‪D‬د أ‪  -‬اد أآ‪ ً &:  C‬و‪(0-‬‬ ‫)‪.(i‬‬ ‫و‪ f %:‬ا‪   (V‬ا‪ (4c‬ا‪O%‬ت وا‪m1I‬ت ا‪ 46 - %‬ا‪D2d‬ر ا‪SD - 7‬‬ ‫‪ 407‬آ‪ 7% G0‬ن وآ‪ 12 G0‬ون)‪v- ،(ii‬ن ا‪D5‬ح ‪  -‬ا‪ (4c‬ه*) ا‪O%‬ت ‪  %7 d‬ا‪ 1‬ا‪- 7‬‬ ‫‪  M ،‬آ‪ (020‬ا&‪%‬ام ‪ h‬ا‪ (- 7‬و‪ 40N5‬و ‪0‬ه و‪ M:‬ا‪m1I‬ت ‪21‬ءة و& ()‪.(iii‬‬ ‫‪ D‬ا‪5 F%%‬هـ ا‪CO‬ـ(  ‪06‬ـت أ‪4‬ـ ‪05  ,g :‬ـ( ا‪012%‬ـ ا ـ‪* ، ً  6‬ا‬ ‫أ‪g‬ر ا‪ /D‬ا ;‪ 7 5‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪ -‬ا ‪d‬ت ا‪O%‬ة ا‪06  07 (iv)(01 9‬ت ‪x‬آ‬ ‫ ‪ 6‬ورة ا‪N (05  M7‬ه ا‪ 012%‬ا ‪ 6‬ا‪:MC ( 5%‬ا‪d%&d‬ل‪ ،‬وا‪   07%‬ز‪،‬‬ ‫وا‪  012%‬ا‪، ، 5‬وا هن ا ‪ ،6‬آ ‪ $  ,g :‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪،  012% ($ ; 4%2#‬‬ ‫وا‪#d‬ل ‪ f‬ا‪7 >0$% d > 12 47c  (V‬رف ‪.y$-‬‬ ‫ ذج ا‪ "#$‬ا!ا ‪123$‬ت)‪: Creative Problem Solving(CPS‬‬ ‫ ى رو‪ (v) 1T‬إن ا\ اع  اد‪ MO ً-‬ا‪ (1I‬وأن ا\ اع ‪- 4N‬ـ &‪0‬ق ‪ M:‬ا‪1I‬ـ(‪ ،‬إذ أن‬ ‫ ا‪4c‬ـ( ا‪m1I‬ت ا‪D‬ة ‪ SV%‬ا‪ 012%‬ا\ ا ‪4O‬ـ‪ .‬و‪ MC‬أ& ب ‪ M:‬ا‪: M1I‬ـ( ‪>1 012‬‬ ‫أن ‪ *25‬ـ ‪ g‬رة إ&‪ %‬ا‪% (0D0‬ر‪ S‬ـ ا\ اع‪ ،‬و‪gU‬ـ( أن ‪ M:‬ا‪1I‬ـ( وا ‪ g‬ل إ ‪ :‬ل‬ ‫‪c‬ة  ‪ 7 >1‬و‪ ً$ & (-‬ى ا‪ 2‬د ‪  MC‬ا إ ا‪.(0‬و‪ G0]  7‬ا\ اع ‪ M: -‬ا‪m1I‬ت >‬ ‫ا‪4‬رات ا‪ f %‬ا‪ 2‬د  ا‪ F G01%‬ا‪ 0q%‬ات ا‪f%‬ر( ‪ ،(7%D -‬وا ‪ g‬ل إ ‪ :‬ل‬ ‫‪m1I‬ت ا‪.(vi) s6 %7 %‬‬ ‫‪   V  $‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت )‪ 4D (D0% (CPS‬د ا‪7‬‬ ‫أوز  رن)‪ e ; > (Osborne‬درا&‪ s%‬و‪Tˆ s0O‬ص ا*>  و‪ >0 42g‬أو > ‪4‬‬ ‫رات إ ا‪ (0‬رزة ‪ ،‬وآ‪ 7 G0‬ون > ه*) ا‪$‬رات أ!‪5‬ء  ا‪ MO 4%4c‬ا‪m1I‬ت‪ ،‬وآن ‪sqT‬‬ ‫ا‪ M‰I‬آ‪$ G0‬م ه*) ا‪07‬ت ‪ (:% n# i0O‬و‪ >1‬درا&‪ ، 4%‬و‪ >
U‬ه*) ارا&( إ أن‬ ‫‪ (0‬ا\ اع ‪  #%$ d‬أ‪T‬ص ‪O‬د> آ آن ‪ ، ً$ & $%7‬و‪*4 (D0%‬ا ا‪(f&x /0&j  4D‬‬ ‫ ( ‪% 57‬ر‪  S‬ا\ اع )ا‪ (f&x‬ا‪ ( %‬ا\ ا‪ I M04f% ((0‬أ‪1-‬ر) و‪ F0DI‬ارا&ت‬ ‫‪ :‬ل ا ا ا‪ ( %‬وا‪%‬ر‪ 07% S‬ا\ اع‪ ،‬و ‪ 7‬ذ‪ h‬ا‪ Z‬إ‪ & s0‬ر‪(Sidney Parnes) /‬‬ ‫و ‪ /2 F‬اه‪%‬ت أوز  رن وآن ! ة ه*ا ا‪7%‬ون ‪   V‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت‬ ‫)‪ (Creative Problem Solving ,CPS‬آ ‪ 7‬ف أ‪  & Z‬ذج أوز رن – ر‪vii) /‬؛‪.(viii‬‬ ‫و‪ $%7‬أن ـ ذج أوز رن‪ :‬ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت )‪4 (05  M7 (CPS‬رات ا‪012%‬‬ ‫ ‪ M1I‬م وا‪ 012%‬ا\ اـ ‪U M1I‬ـص آ أ‪V0& s‬ـ ر > رة ا‪2‬ـ د  ا&‪%‬ـام ا‪4‬رات ‪-‬ـ ق‬ ‫ا‪ (0- 7‬ر‪ (c‬ـ‪ 5 (0‬ـ ا‪1I sc‬ـ( ‪O%‬ى را‪ s‬ا‪.(ix) (0$7‬‬ ‫ ى أوز رن أن  ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ - g‬ا‪&9‬س ‪f‬ة ا‪ -9‬اد ‪ -‬ا اآ‪l‬‬ ‫ا‪0$‬د( ا‪dD - >07‬ت ا‪ (5#‬وا‪9‬ل وا‪D%‬رة وا\‪m‬م  ‪D%5  V‬ت إ ا‪ ! ، (0‬ا‪M$%‬‬ ‫ه*ا ا‪d‬ه‪%‬م إ ‪D‬ل ا‪ ، (0 %‬و أ ‪ $‬اه‪l% ً %‬اًا ‪ -‬ا‪f&x‬ت ا‪ .(007%‬وآن أوز  رن‬ ‫‪ S:g‬ا‪ MZ2‬ا‪9‬آ ‪ -‬و‪ F6‬أ&‪ /‬ه*ا ا‪ 5‬ذج ‪  -‬ا‪ s:‬ا‪9‬و  أ&س ا‪%&d‬ام ا‪M0% MC9‬‬ ‫ ‪ (D7‬ا‪ ،(1I‬آ أآ ‪ 6‬ورة ‪ M0cj‬إ‪g‬ار أ( أ‪1:‬م أو ا‪$%‬دات ˆ‪1-‬ر ا‪ V‬و‪ (:‬أ!‪5‬ء ‪(fc‬‬‫ا‪ G#7‬ا*ه‪ FDI %: ،5‬ا‪ 2‬د ا*ي ‪ MO 7f‬ا‪ ;  (1I‬ح آ‪ > s  M‬أ‪1-‬ر )‪.(x‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫و‪ 7‬ف  ر> )‪  (xi‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪%f (N5 (0 :sj‬م ‪05$‬ت و أدوات‬ ‫‪ 42 ( 5%‬ا‪ 2‬ص و‪  V‬ا‪ yV‬و‪ M:‬ا‪m1I‬ت ا‪  %‬ا‪ sc‬ا‪ 2‬د ‪ ($ V‬إ ا‪. (0‬‬ ‫و‪  7‬ف ا‪  (xii) f9‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت  أ‪ >1 (0 : s‬ا&‪%‬ا‪- 4‬‬ ‫‪dD‬ت ة ‪ ،‬و‪$‬م إ;رًا ‪ N5‬ا&‪%‬ام أدوات وا&‪ %‬ا‪0D0‬ت ‪ f (507‬ا‪ 2‬د   ‪ 0‬و ‪ V‬‬ ‫‪D%5‬ت ‪ D G#%‬دة وا‪ ،(725‬و‪%f‬م أدوات ا‪ 012%‬ا‪ > %5‬أ‪ M: Mc‬ا‪m1I‬ت و ‪ 0‬ا‪> 7‬‬ ‫ا‪1-9‬ر ‰‪ 0‬ا‪ ، (- j‬و‪ 00$‬و‪  V‬و‪ e0V‬ا‪ O‬ل ا‪ MO (: %$‬ا‪.(1I‬‬ ‫ ‪ 7‬ا&‪ 7%‬اض ‪  G 7‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ G 7 j‬ا‪ 10 i:‬ن ‪h (gmU‬‬ ‫ا”راء – > و‪ N sc‬ا‪ s- 70- -i:‬ا‪  (0$ (0 : sj i:‬آ( ‪%O‬ج > ا‪ 2‬د ا‪$‬رة ‬ ‫ ‪ 0‬أآ ر ‪ > >1‬اا‪ M‬أو ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪mU > (mV G#% %‬ل ا&‪%‬ام دئ وأدوات‬ ‫ا‪ 012%‬ا‪%‬ي و> ! ّ ا‪ > iO‬ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪5‬درة وا‪ >0 > ( 5%‬ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪7‬ة > ‪mU‬ل ا&‪%‬ام‬ ‫أ&‪ /‬ا‪ 012%‬ا‪$%‬ر ‪.‬‬ ‫و‪ ($ ; l0%‬ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت > ا‪ MO‬ا‪7‬دي‪ - ،‬أن ا‪%5‬ج ا\ ا ا*ي ‪M#O‬‬ ‫‪ (D0% s0‬ا&‪%‬ام ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪l2 MC‬ة آ‪ 0‬ة ‪ >0‬ا ا‪ F‬وا‪ j‬ل‪ ،‬وه أآ‪ C‬أ‪> (g‬‬ ‫ أ& ب ‪ M:‬ا‪m1I‬ت ا‪0%d‬دي؛ ‪9‬ن ; ‪ ($‬ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ M7‬آ‪ O‬ك ‪ M0%‬أو‬ ‫ا‪ #%‬ر ا ن ى ا‪ 2‬د‪ .‬آ أن ا‪ 2‬ق ‪ >0‬ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت و‪ M:‬ا‪m1I‬ت ‪ ($ V‬ا‪0%d‬د(‬ ‫ه در‪ (c‬ا‪ V%‬ر أو ا‪ M7%‬ا‪ - (7 %‬ا‪ g57‬ا‪ %‬آ‪ (1I (00‬ءًا ‪ (‰0#‬ا‪9‬و ‪%: (1I‬‬ ‫ا‪ $‬ل ا‪.(xiii)MO 45‬‬ ‫و ى ‪ 2‬رد )‪ (xiv‬أن ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ M: > G%‬ا‪ ($ V (1I‬ا‪0%d‬د( ‪-‬‬ ‫أ‪:s‬‬ ‫• ‪ > SV%‬ا‪ 2‬د ا‪$‬رة  ‪ (D7‬ا‪m1I‬ت ا‪D‬ة وا‪ nD5  %‬ا‪ (- 7‬ا‪ 2 ($ f‬د ‪-‬‬ ‫‪.4:‬‬ ‫• ‪ > %f‬ا‪ 2‬د أن ‪ 1‬ن درًا  اآ‪f%‬ب ‪ U‬ات ‪c‬ة‪.‬‬ ‫• ‪ #5 $‬ا‪ V‬ا‪ (-‬ا*ي   اا‪ 2 (07-‬د ‪ -‬ا‪ %&d‬ار ‪ -‬ا‪  M7‬ا‪ (4‬ا‪،( V‬‬ ‫  ‰ > و‪ c‬د ا‪ - MI2 (0%:‬اا(‪ F ،‬ا‪ > M0$‬ا‪l2O‬ات ار‪.(0c‬‬ ‫• ‪ 5‬ا‪ 42‬ى ا‪ 2‬د  أن ه‪5‬ك ‪m1I‬ت ‪ M: 4 /0‬وا‪ ، T n0g :‬وأن ه*) ا‪m1I‬ت‬ ‫‪ >1‬أن ‪ *Uj‬أآ‪ M: > C‬وا‪.:‬‬ ‫• ‪l‬ود ا‪ 2‬د ‪j‬آ‪ ،MO ($ ; > C‬و‪l‬ود) &‪ %‬ا‪0D0‬ت ‪ MO s%C‬ا‪.(1I‬‬ ‫• ‪ >1‬ا‪ 2‬د > ا&‪5%‬ط أ‪1-‬ر أآ‪ C‬إ ا‪.0‬‬ ‫أ   ا‪ $- (xv)  D5-‬أورد ‪ ( D‬ا‪
#‬ا‪  l0 %‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا‬ ‫‪m1I‬ت)‪(CPS‬آ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪  n0% .1‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ (g - (V‬ا‪I‬رآ( ا‪، (2‬و‪ ( :‬ا‪ > 07%‬ا أي‪.‬‬ ‫‪  FDI .2‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ا‪  (V‬إ;‪m‬ق ا اه‪ S‬ا\ ا‪ (0‬و‰‪ 0‬ا‪،(- j‬‬ ‫و‪ M$‬ذ‪ h‬إ ‪U‬رج ا‪ (- q‬ا‪ M: - (02#‬ا‪m1I‬ت ا‪.(00O‬‬ ‫‪ M7 .3‬ه*ا ا‪ 5‬ذج  ‪l‬و ا‪ (V‬ر&ت ‪، (0‬و‪4‬رات ‪ (05$‬إ‪ f،(0-6‬ا‪ (V‬‬ ‫ ا‪ sc‬ا‪m1I‬ت ا‪  %‬ا‪.(02 44c‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫‪ M7 .4‬ه*ا ا‪ 5‬ذج  ‪ > 1‬ا‪D‬هت إ‪ (0 D‬ى ا‪ O (V‬را‪ 4‬ا\ ا‪.(0‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬ت ذج أوزرن ا‪ "#$‬ا!ا ‪123$‬ت )‪(CPS‬‬ ‫   ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ > ( D‬ا ا‪7c‬ت وا‪m7%‬ت‪ ،‬أت ‪Mg %‬‬ ‫أوز رن)‪ ( Osborn‬إ &‪ VU F‬ات ‪ -‬ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪) (1I‬ا‪ O:sc %‬ا‪،(1I‬ا\اد ‪Fc:‬‬ ‫ا‪0‬ت‪ ،‬وا‪ 0f$ :M0O%‬ادة ا‪ ،(&5‬وا‪ 2‬ص‪ Fc :‬اا‪ M‬و‪ Fc‬ا”راء‪ ،‬وا‪%Ud‬ر‪ :‬ا‪ 1f‬ن ‪%:‬‬ ‫‪ e$O%‬ا\‪ T‬اق‪ ،‬ا‪ :G0 %‬و‪ F6‬ا‪lc9‬اء ‪ ،ً7‬ا‪ 00$ :e0$O%‬ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪  %‬ا‪4%d‬ء إ‪ ! .(40‬أد‬ ‫أوز  رن ‪*4 s%‰0g‬ا ا‪ 5‬ذج ‪ i0O‬رآ‪ l‬ا‪ V‬ات ا‪m! - Ff‬ث  ا‪ M:‬ه ‪:‬ا‪> iO‬‬ ‫ا‪:e$O‬و‪ MI‬إ‪%‬ج ا‪1-9‬ر و‪  V‬ه‪ ،‬ا‪ > iO‬ا‪ :MO‬و‪ >Z%‬ا‪ (Og > e$O%‬ا‪ O‬ل ا‪، (51‬‬ ‫واذ  ار ‪jI‬ن ‪ e0V‬أ‪ :‬ا‪ O‬ل)‪.( xvi‬‬ ‫و ‪ 7‬ذ‪ h‬م &‪ 0‬ر‪ # (Sidney Parnes)/‬رًا ‪ 5 ًc‬ذج ‪ 1%‬ن > ‪  /U‬ا‪M:‬‬ ‫) ا‪ > iO‬ا‪ ،e$O‬وا‪ > iO‬ا‪ ،(1I‬وا‪ > iO‬ا‪1-9‬ر‪ ،‬وا‪ > iO‬ا‪ ،MO‬و ل ا‪7 .(MO‬‬ ‫ذ‪ h‬أ‪ ,-6‬روث   )‪7% (Ruth Noller‬ون ‪ F‬ر‪c (:  /‬ة ه ا‪ (1I‬ا‪:(0 Z‬‬ ‫ا‪ M (1I‬ا‪ .(xvii) O%‬و ‪*4‬ا أ‪  ng‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ 1%‬ن > &‪  ,‬ا‪MO M:‬‬ ‫ا‪ ($ V (1I‬إ ا‪  ،(0‬ز(  !‪ 1 (!m‬ت ه‪ 4- :‬ا‪ ، (1I‬و ‪ 0‬ا‪1-9‬ر‪ ،‬وا‪:*025% y0V%‬‬ ‫)‪ xviii‬؛‪.(xix‬‬ ‫ا‪2$‬ن ا‪5‬ول‪ /, :‬ا‪:( Understanding the Problem) %23$‬‬ ‫إن ا‪ V‬ة ا‪9‬و ‪ e0$O%‬ا‪l2$‬ة ا\ ا‪ (0‬ى ا‪ 2‬د ‪  - >1‬آ‪ O  )4c l0‬ا‪ (1I‬أو‬ ‫ا‪O%‬ي ا*ي  ا‪ s4c‬ا‪ 2‬د ‪ ،‬إذ إن ‪ O‬ا‪ f (1I‬ا‪ 2‬د  أن ‪ D‬اا‪ M‬ا‪* ، (Oc5‬ا ‪ %4‬ه*ا‬ ‫ا‪ 1‬ن ‪ >1 (0Ÿ O -‬ا‪ 2‬د >  آ‪ MO )4c l0‬ا‪.(1I‬و‪ >Z%‬ه*ا ا‪ 1‬ن > !‪m‬ث  ا‪M:‬‬ ‫أ&&‪ (0‬ه‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ا‪ %23$‬ا‪:(Mess Finding) %*R$‬‬ ‫آ ن ا ‪ G‬ا‪ M1I‬ه‪O 0‰  5‬د‪* ،‬ا  آ‪ l‬ه*) ا ‪ O  (:‬وا‪0%U‬ر هف م‬ ‫> ; ‪ 6  (I5 e‬ع ا‪%& (1I‬ام أ& ب ا‪ G#7‬ا*ه‪%\ 5‬ج هف أو أآ‪ C‬؛ ‪ 10‬ن‬ ‫‪ O‬ر ا‪ 4D‬و‪O‬و( \‪D‬ز ا‪ MO‬اع‪.‬‬ ‫‪ UV .2‬ا‪ *$‬ت)‪:(Data Finding‬‬ ‫‪4‬ف ه*) ا ‪ (:‬إ ا‪ #O‬ل  أآ ر ‪ > >1‬ا‪ 7‬ت وا‪0‬ت ا‪ f %‬ا‪(V‬‬ ‫  ‪ n06‬ا‪ (1I‬ا‪ (0 Z‬و‪ O‬ا‪ e ; > (1I‬ا&‪%‬ام أ& ب ا‪ G#7‬ا*ه‪ ، 5‬و>‬‫! ‪O‬آ( ه*) ا‪0‬ت ‪ O%‬أ‪ 4‬ه ا‪ 42 Sf9‬ا‪ ، (1I‬وذ‪v h‬ر‪T‬د ا‪ (V‬و ‪ 440c‬إ‬ ‫ ا‪ (7c‬ا ‪ 6‬ت ذات ا‪l ، (m7‬دة و ا‪ (1I (V‬ا‪ (0 Z‬و‪ M0O‬ا‪(1I‬‬ ‫و ‪ ،4O06‬آ ‪ 4-  f‬ا‪ N‬وف ا‪ ،(1I (V0O‬و‪ SD‬ا‪j%‬آ‪ 0‬ه‪ 6  5‬ورة‬ ‫ا‪j%‬آ > أن آ‪ M‬ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪ (fc - 4: ;  %‬ا‪ G#7‬ا*ه‪ 40Df  5‬وأ‪*U‬ه ‪>07‬‬ ‫ا‪%d‬ر ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ # .3‬ا‪:(Problem Finding) %23$‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫ا‪4‬ف ه‪ 5‬ه ا‪ O% Mg %‬ا‪ ، (1I‬و و‪‰0g F6‬ت ‪7%‬دة ‪m1I‬ت ‪7%‬دة‪ ! ،‬ا‪0%U‬ر‬ ‫أو ا&‪m%‬ص ‪O (‰0g‬د) ( ـ > ‪mU‬ل  ا‪ (7c‬ا‪0‬ت ا‪ - (7D%‬ا ‪ (:‬ا‪ ($ f‬ـ ‪f‬‬ ‫  ‪ 0‬ا‪1-9‬ر واا‪ M‬ا‪7%‬دة ‪.‬‬ ‫ا‪2$‬ن ا‪ *$ : X$‬ا‪2,5‬ر ‪Generating Ideas‬‬ ‫و ‪ (:  >Z%‬وا‪:‬ة و‪ ً ;I‬وا‪ً:‬ا وه إ‪D‬د ا‪1-9‬ر و ‪ %7‬ه*) ا ‪ > (:‬أه  ا‪M:‬‬ ‫ا‪ 5‬ذج ‪ - s9 ،‬ه*) ا ‪ M0Df % (:‬أآ د ‪ > >1‬ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪ M: - 4f %‬ا‪ (1I‬ـ وإن‬ ‫ ت ‰‪ 0‬و!‪ ($0‬ا‪ (1I (#‬ـ أو ‪ 1‬ن ه ‪ )*4-،(1I m:‬ا ‪ f (:‬ا‪F0&   SV‬‬ ‫‪ ) 012‬وا‪  Sq%‬ا‪ 7‬ا‪ e‬ا‪ M$ 59 s5 O %‬ه‪ F0c 5‬أ‪1-‬ر ا‪  q (V‬ا‪ > N5‬ى‬ ‫‪f‬ه‪ M: - 4%‬ا‪ ،(1I‬أي ‪# d‬ر ا‪1:9‬م  أ‪1-‬ر ا‪.(V‬‬ ‫ا‪2$‬ن ا‪ :[$X$‬ا‪)"-$ \*]^8$‬ا‪Planning for action(_*908$‬‬ ‫‪4‬ف ه*ا ا‪ 1‬ن إ  ‪ (c‬ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪ (4‬إ إ‪ c‬اءات ‪  (*025‬أرض ا ا‪ ، F‬أي و‪F6‬‬ ‫‪ (VU‬ا‪ ، MO‬و‪ >Z%‬ه*ا ا‪ 1‬ن  ‪ >0%:‬ه‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬إ‪b‬د ا‪#$‬ل )‪:(Solution Finding‬‬ ‫‪4‬ف ه*) ا ‪ (:‬إ ‪
0O‬ا‪1-9‬ر و‪ 40O‬و‪0%Ud 400$‬ر أآ‪ C‬ه ‪ MO (&5‬ا‪،(1I‬‬ ‫وه*) ا ‪  (:‬آ‪4  l‬رة ا‪ G05#%‬وا‪ O%‬أي ا‪$%d‬ل > د آ‪ > 0‬ا‪1-9‬ر ‪7‬د أ‪M‬‬ ‫ ‪5‬ءً  أ&س ا‪ ، (62‬و ‪ /0$ 07 0‬أه‪ (0‬و‪ (0‬ا‪ O‬ل ا‪ MC (51‬ا‪ ، ,0 %‬وا‪،(21%‬‬ ‫وا‪ $‬ل‪ ،‬و ‪ (0‬ا‪.e0V%‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ل ‪ %]:‬ا‪:(Acceptance Finding) "#$‬‬ ‫ ه*) ا ‪ % (:‬ا‪ %‬آ‪  l0‬درا&( إ‪D (01‬ح ‪ (VU‬ا‪ MO‬ـ ا‪ 405  %‬ـ ‪ -‬ا ا‪،F‬‬‫و‪ O‬ا‪ 7‬ا‪ M‬ا‪f‬ة وا‪ f0‬ة ‪ (07‬ا‪ f  ،*025%‬ا‪ 2‬د   ل ا‪ (V‬و‪ ،405‬آ‬ ‫‪ >Z%‬ه*) ا ‪ O (:‬ا‪$07‬ت ا‪ - (%O‬ا‪ ، e0V%‬ودرا&( آ‪  (020‬ا‪ (4c‬ه*) ا‪$07‬ت‬ ‫و‪ M‬ا‪m7%‬ت ا‪D5 ( V‬ح ه*) ا‪.(02 (V‬‬ ‫إن ‪D‬ح  ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت)‪ M1I %7 ( CPS‬أ&&  ا‪%‬ر‪ S‬‬ ‫ا&‪%‬ام ا‪ 012%‬ا‪%‬ي وا‪ 012%‬ا‪$%‬ر  ‪N5‬م ‪ ¡2O‬ا‪ %‬ازن ‪450‬؛ ‪ %-‬ازن ‪ >0‬ا‪ 012%‬ا‪%‬ي‬ ‫وا‪$%‬ر  ‪ f‬ا‪ 2‬د  ‪  O‬إذا ‪ e$:‬ا‪mVd‬ق ا‪ S&5‬أو ا‪ 00$%‬ا‪  7- ،S&5‬ا ا‪G‬‬ ‫‪ SV%‬ا‪ 012%‬ا‪%‬ي ا\ ا و ‪  7‬ا ا‪ SV% G‬ا‪j%‬آ‪  0‬ا‪ 012%‬ا‪$%‬ر  ا‪ 5‬وا‪ 00$%‬و‬ ‫ا‪ ، >0fO%‬و ‪  7‬ا ا‪ SV% G‬ا‪ %‬ازن ‪ >0‬ه*> ا‪ > >0V5‬ا‪. (xx) 012%‬‬ ‫ا‪, *298$‬ق ا‪:( Metacognition) ,-$‬‬ ‫‪ 42 7‬م ‪ -‬ق ا‪ > (- 7‬أآ‪ 6  C‬ت  ا‪ /25‬ا‪  %‬ي وا‪: - 7‬ا!(‪ ،‬و‪  $‬ف‬ ‫‪ - nV#‬ق ا‪7 (- 7‬ة أ&ء > أ‪ 4T‬ه ‪  :‬وراء ا‪ ،(- 7‬ا\دراك ا‪ ، 2‬ا‪، 012%  012%‬‬ ‫‪ (- 7‬ا‪ >1 ، (- 7‬آ‪ /2 4 4‬ا‪ (q nV#‬ا\‪ (l0D‬وه )‪.(Metacognition‬‬ ‫‪ $‬آن ا‪ - 012%‬ق ا‪ - 7‬ار ‪ iO‬ا‪ > 7‬ا‪7‬ء ‪ *5‬ا( ا‪507f‬ت > ا‪ $‬ن ا‪6‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬و‪ (Flavell) M20- 7‬أول > أورد ‪ - nV#‬ق ا‪ (Metacognition) (- 7‬م )‪ ،(1976‬و‬ ‫ ُ‪ 5‬ه*ا ا‪ (Flavell) M20- s UŸ nV#  nV#‬م) ‪ (1971‬وه ‪ 7  nV#‬ا*اآ ة‬ ‫)‪ (Meta-memory‬و‪ (- 7 s5 #‬ا‪ ،sf25
I‬و‪ 9 s%- 7‬ا*ي ‪ $‬م ‪ s‬أ!‪5‬ء  ا‪(4c‬‬ ‫ا‪ (1I‬أو ا‪ (4‬ا‪ $ %‬م ‪ ، 4O‬و‪ %&d s%- 7‬ا‪0D0‬ت ا‪.(xxi) 4O Sf9‬‬ ‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫و ‪ nc‬ا‪  7‬أن ‪ - nV#‬ق ا‪*4 (- 7‬ا ا‪O  57‬ث ‪ s5‬ء ا‪ /25‬ا‪1 9‬ن‬ ‫أ‪C‬ل ‪ c‬ن د ي‪ ،‬و! را‪h‬؛ ‪ i0:‬أ‪T‬روا & ‪ $‬إ أن ا‪ 2‬د ‪ SD‬أن ‪ 7‬ا‪ ($ V‬أو ا\&‪ %‬ا‪(0D0‬‬ ‫ا‪ 47% %‬ذه‪ M: - 05‬ا‪ (1I‬أو ا‪ (4‬ا‪  %‬ا‪O ! ،44c‬و( ‪ 4$‬إ  ا‪c G‬ة )‪.(xxii‬‬ ‫أ ‪ -‬ا‪9‬دب ا‪ %‬ي ‪7-‬دة  ‪I‬ر إ ا‪ - 012%‬ق ا‪ 012 sj - 7‬ا‪ 2‬د ‪ ) 012%‬أو إدراآ‪s‬‬ ‫ا‪. (xxiii) - 7‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬ف  اون )‪ (xxiv‬ا‪ - 012%‬ق ا‪I sj - 7‬ط  ‪ (- 7 y‬ا‪ ،7%‬وإدراآ‪، s‬‬ ‫و&‪  s V0‬ا‪07‬ت ا‪ . 4mU > 7% %‬و ى ‪ (xxv) 0‬أن ر ‪ 42 y‬م ا‪ - 012%‬ق ا‪- 7‬‬ ‫ ‪ V%‬ر ا‪ (- 7‬ا*ا‪ 2 (0‬د ور‪ 7  s‬آ‪ (020‬ا‪ 7%‬و ا‪ V0f‬ة  ‪ s0‬ا*ه‪ (05‬آن أ‪:‬‬ ‫ا‪&9‬ب ا‪ ,7c %‬ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ $ (0- 7‬اه‪ ً%‬آ‪ً 0‬ا ‪ -‬أ ‪O‬ث ا‪ V%‬ر ا‪.- 7‬‬ ‫‪/‬رات ا‪, *298$‬ق ا‪:,-$‬‬ ‫  ى أ‪  %‬و Ÿ‪  U‬ون ) ( أن ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ MI (0- 7‬ا‪$%7‬ات وا‪ 7‬ت ‪ :‬ل‬ ‫ا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت ا‪ >1 %‬ا&‪%‬ا‪ M: - 4‬ا‪ ، (1I‬و‪ 1 %‬ن ه*) ا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت ذات ‪-‬ة؟ ‪ ،‬و ‬ ‫ه ا‪4‬رات ا‪m‬ز( ‪ )*4‬ا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت ؟‪ ،‬و ا ‪ ,‬ا‪ q%f‬ق ‪4$0V -‬؟‪ ،‬و ا‪ 7#‬ت ا‪%‬‬ ‫‪  >1‬ا‪4%4c‬؟ ‪ ،‬و ا‪2‬ة ا‪  %‬اآ‪4 f%‬؟ ‪ ،‬و ‪ >Z%‬آ*‪ 00$ h‬و ا‪ (7c‬ا*ات ‪ :‬ل ا&‪7%‬ادات‬ ‫ا‪ 2‬د‪ ،‬ودا‪ s‬ا‪ - (7%‬ا‪0%U‬ر ا&‪ %‬ا‪ (0D0‬ا‪ MO‬ا‪. (&5‬‬ ‫إن ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪I (0- 7‬ط ‪ 012  MI‬ا‪ s07 SV‬ا‪  4- ، ( 012%‬آ‪ l‬‬ ‫ى و ا‪ s;9 SV‬ا‪ ( 012%‬ا‪  - 4%f %‬ا‪ (-6\ ،M1I G  (4c‬إ ‪2g‬ت‬ ‫و‪05$‬ت ا‪ 7%‬ا‪ f %‬ا‪  SV‬ا‪*%‬آ وا‪70%&d‬ب ‪ ،‬و‪ 0N5‬آ‪ (020‬ا‪0$‬م ‪ (07‬ا‪(xxvii) 7%‬‬ ‫‪4-.‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ > ( c\ 57 (0- 7‬أ&©( ‪%f %:MC‬م ا‪4
I‬را‪ M: - s‬ا‪ (1I‬؟‬ ‫‪%f %،‬م ا‪ 2‬د ا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت ا‪ 42 ($7%‬و ا‪ (D7‬ا‪ 7 (0$7‬ت ‪ M: -‬ا‪m1I‬ت؟‪،‬آ‪G0‬‬ ‫‪%f‬م ا‪ 2‬د ‪ MC‬ه*) ا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت؟ و ه*ا ‪ > SV%‬ا‪ 2‬د ا&‪%‬اً رً ‪07‬ت ا‪ ، (0- 7‬و‬ ‫إدة ا‪ y - N5‬ا‪ OD5 d 5 012%‬ن ‪ ،  (jf M: -‬ا‪ 9‬ا*ي ‪x‬دي ‪ 4‬إ ر&(‬ ‫ا&‪%‬ام ; ق أ‪ U‬ى ‪% 42‬رو‪ ، 4f2j 4‬و ‪*4‬ا ‪  1‬ا در>   ‪ 0‬ا‪ ، (- 7‬وا‪I‬رآ( ‪-‬‬ ‫إ‪ O#0- ، 4c%‬ن أ‪ -‬ادا ‪.(xxviii) 47 - >0V0I‬‬ ‫و> ‪mU‬ل  ا‪ (7c‬ا‪ > 7‬ا‪ O‬ث ا‪ %‬أ‪ - , c‬ه*ا ا‪D‬ل ‪ D‬ا‪ i:‬أن ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق‬ ‫ا‪ ,f (0- 7‬إ !‪dD (!m‬ت ر‪ (f0‬ه‪ xxix):‬؛ ‪ xxx‬؛ ‪ xxxi‬؛ ‪ xxxii‬؛ ‪(xxxiii‬‬ ‫ا‪b$‬ل ا‪5‬ول‪ %,- :‬ا‪:%,-$‬‬ ‫أي ‪ (- 7‬ا‪ 2‬د ‪ (4‬ا‪ %‬ه ‪#‬د درا&‪ 4%‬أو ‪، 4:‬و‪ f$5‬إ !‪ c (!m‬ا‪ S‬ه‪:‬‬ ‫ا‪ g b$‬ا‪5‬ول‪:‬ا‪ %,-$‬ا‪:%;8$‬‬ ‫‪ %4‬ه*ا ا‪D‬ل  ‪ s- 7‬ا‪ 2‬د ‪ n g M1I‬و‪ > T‬ا‪ (1I‬ا‪ %‬ه ‪#‬د ‪ 4:‬و‪>Z%‬‬ ‫ا  ‪4‬رات وا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت وا‪#‬در ا‪m‬ز( ‪ MO‬ا‪ (1I‬وه ‪ > S0D‬أ&©( ‪ MC‬ذا ؟‬ ‫أو ؟ ‪: MC‬‬ ‫ ذا أ ف > ا‪ (1I‬ا‪ %‬أر ‪ 4:‬؟‪.‬‬‫  ه ا‪m7‬ت وا‪ $‬ا‪ >0‬ا‪ 1 y  %‬ت ا‪ (1I‬؟‪.‬‬‫  ه ا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت ا‪ SD %‬أن أ&‪ M: - 4%‬ا‪ (1I‬؟‪.‬‬‫‪xxvi‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫ا‪ g b$‬ا‪: X$‬ا‪ %,-$‬ا!‪V‬ا*‪: %‬‬ ‫‪ 57‬و ا‪ 2‬د ‪v‬دراك ‪0‬ت ا‪ 012%‬أ!‪5‬ء  ا‪ (4c‬ا ‪ G‬ا‪ M1I‬و‪ >Z%‬ا\‪> ( c‬‬ ‫ا‪xf‬ال آ‪ G0‬؟ ‪ :MC‬آ‪ G0‬أ‪ *2‬ا&‪ %‬ا‪ (0D0‬ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ؟‪.‬‬ ‫ا‪ g b$‬ا‪:[$X$‬ا‪ %,-$‬ا‪:%*(3$‬‬ ‫‪ 0I‬إ و ا‪ 2‬د ‪ I‬وط ا‪ M: - !x %‬ا‪ (1I‬و‪ (- 7 >Z%‬ا‪ 2‬د ذا ‪%f‬م‬ ‫ا&‪ %‬ا‪  (0D0‬دون ‰‪ 0‬ه ‪ M: -‬ا‪ (1I‬؟ و‪ (- 7‬ا‪ >l‬ا‪%&d S&5‬ام ه*) ا\&‪ %‬ا‪(0D0‬‬ ‫و‪ > S0D‬ا‪xf‬ال ‪ %‬؟ و ذا ؟ ‪: MC‬‬ ‫ ذا أ‪%U‬ر ه*) ا‪ %&d‬ا‪ M: - (0D0‬ه*) ا‪ (1I‬؟‬‫ ‪ %‬أ‪%U‬ر ‪ MC‬ه*) ا\&‪ %‬ا‪ M: - (0D0‬ه*) ا‪(1I‬؟‬‫ا‪b$‬ل ا‪ *h0 : X$‬ا‪:%,-$‬‬ ‫ه ‪ (- 7‬ا‪ S0&9‬وا &‪ M‬ا‪m‬ز( ‪ 0N5%‬ا\دراك ‪ (4‬أو ا‪ (1I‬ا‪ %‬ه ‪#‬د ‪4:‬‬ ‫و‪ >Z%‬ا‪4‬رات ا”‪:(0‬‬ ‫ا‪$‬ا‪ %‬ا‪_$‬ا*‪: /9$ %‬‬ ‫ه ‪4‬رة ا‪ 2‬د ‪0Ÿ 0-  -‬ت ذا‪  (0‬ا( ى ‪ e$O‬ا‪9‬هاف ا اد ‪ 4$0$O‬و‪ M%I‬ه*) ا‪4‬رة‬ ‫‪:‬ا\ ‪$‬ء  ا‪4‬ف ‪x -‬رة ا‪d‬ه‪%‬م‪،‬ا‪2O‬ظ  ‪ Mff‬ا‪07‬ت أو ا‪ V‬ات‪ (- 7 ،‬ز> ‪e$O‬‬ ‫ا‪4‬ف ا‪ SD % (- 7 ، 2‬ا‪$%d‬ل إ ا‪ (07‬ا‪ ،($:m‬وا‪2O‬ظ  ‪ Mff‬ا‪07‬ت‪ ،‬وا‪0%U‬ر‬ ‫ا‪ (07‬ا‪ (m‬ا‪ - F% %‬ا‪0f‬ق‪ ،‬واآ‪I%‬ف ا‪ 7#‬ت وا‪VU9‬ء و‪ (- 7‬آ‪ (020‬ا‪.40 Sq%‬‬ ‫ا‪: -8$ \*]^8$‬‬ ‫ه رة ا‪ 2‬د  ا‪ #%‬ر ا*ه‪ 5‬ا‪ O% ef‬أ‪ MZ-‬ا‪ V‬ق \‪D‬ز ‪ >Z% i0O  M‬ذ‪h‬‬ ‫و‪ F6‬ا‪9‬هاف‪ ،‬و‪ O‬ا\‪ c‬اءات وا‪ V‬ات ا‪ e0$O% (%f‬ه*) ا‪9‬هاف ‪ ،‬و ‪ Mff S0‬ا‪07‬ت‬ ‫أو ا‪ V‬ات‪ ،‬و ا‪ )D (0&fO‬ا ‪m1I‬ت‪ ،‬و ا‪0%U‬ر ا&‪ %‬ا‪0D0‬ت ا‪ *025%‬و‪4‬را‪ ،s‬و ‪ O‬ا‪$7‬ت‬ ‫وا‪VU9‬ء ا‪ ،(%O‬و‪ O‬أ&‪  S0‬ا‪ (4c‬ا‪ 7#‬ت‪ ،‬ا‪ %5 x5%‬ا ‰ ( ‪.‬‬ ‫إدارة ا‪-$‬ت‪ ،‬و‪ "-‬ا‪ ) -8$‬إزا‪ %$‬ا‪l$‬ض ‪ m‬ا‪ %/$‬ا‪: (%**-8$‬‬ ‫‪4‬ف إ ‪f‬ة ا‪ 2‬د  زدة و‪ 7% s0‬و‪ >Z%‬ا‪4‬رات ا”‪4:(ٍ 0‬رة ا‪ 2‬د  ر&(‬ ‫أ‪1T‬ل ا ا‪ (7c‬وا‪ yZ‬ا*ا ‪ f‬آ‪ (- 7 ،s‬آ‪ (020‬ا‪  Sq%‬ا‪$7‬ت وا‪ >
%‬ا‪VU9‬ء‪M7 ،‬‬ ‫‪ (VU‬ا‪: - MO‬ل م ‪ e0$O‬ا‪4‬ف‪ 00q ،‬إ&‪ %‬ا‪0D0‬ت ا*اآ ة‪.‬‬ ‫إ‪86‬ا*‪*b‬ت ا‪:;8$‬‬ ‫ه ‪4‬رة ا‪ 2‬د ‪ 00$ -‬ا‪ (- 7‬ا اه‪ (5‬و و‪ F6‬ا‪9‬هاف‪ ،‬و ا‪0%U‬ر ا‪#‬در و‪>Z%‬‬ ‫ا‪4‬رات ا‪ (0 2‬ا”‪:(0‬‬ ‫‪ 00$‬ى ‪ e$O‬ا‪4‬ف‪ ،‬ا‪  1O‬د( ا‪ %5‬وآ‪ 00$ ،4%2‬ى ‪ (m‬ا‪ S0&9‬ا‪- (%f‬‬ ‫ا‪ 7%‬أو ا‪ (07- 00$ ،MO‬ا‪.(V‬‬ ‫ا‪b$‬ل ا‪ %b$- :[$X$‬ا‪:%,-$‬‬ ‫‪  V ّ  $‬ه*ا ا‪D‬ل ‪ M > ًC:‬آ ر ‪ i0:‬و‪ c‬أن ه‪5‬ك ‪  7‬ا‪ $2‬ات ‪ T ( -‬و‬ ‫و د‪ f0‬ن)‪ >0D %5 d (Shrow,Denniso‬ا ارد> ‪ (- 7 )40-‬ا‪ 0N5 ،(- 7‬ا‪ ، ((- 7‬و‬ ‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫ ‪ Mg‬آ ر ‪ )*4‬ا‪mU > (D0%5‬ل ا‪ M0O%‬ا‪ .7‬و‪ %4‬ه*ا ا‪D‬ل ‪4‬رات وا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت‬ ‫ا‪ (D7 (%f‬ا‪ 7‬ت ‪j‬آ‪ (0- C‬و‪ >Z%‬ا‪4‬رات ا‪ (0 2‬ا”‪ :(0‬رة ا‪ 2‬د   ‪(c‬‬ ‫ا‪ 7‬ت ا‪ s%q (g‬ا‪ ،(g‬ا‪$‬رة  ‪ O‬ا‪$5‬ط ا ‪ - (0f0‬ا ‪ 6‬ع ا اد ‪00q ،s7‬‬ ‫ا&‪ %‬ا‪ (0D0‬ا‪ e$O% d 5 MO‬ا‪4‬ف‪ ،‬ر& ‪ g‬ر وأ‪1T‬ل  ‪ 4-  f (0O06‬ادة ا‪ (07‬ا‪%‬‬ ‫‪ $‬م را&‪ 0  ،4%‬أآ د ‪ >1‬ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪ M: - 4f %‬ا‪m1I‬ت ا‪  %‬ا‪ ،44c‬ا‪$‬رة ‬ ‫‪ 0N5‬ا‪ 7‬ت ‪ ،‬ا‪$‬رة  ‪ 0N5‬ا ‪.( xxxiv),‬‬ ‫و‪ MC%‬أهاف ارا&( ا‪ - (0O‬ا‪06 2‬ت ا‪:(0%‬‬ ‫‪*+,‬ت ا‪$‬را‪:%6‬‬ ‫‪ - c  d .1‬وق ذات د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى ا‪ y& % >0 (0.05 =α)(d‬أداء ;( ا‪G#‬‬ ‫ا‪ F&%‬ا*> ‪ 6 7‬ا   ر    ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت‪ ،‬و ‪ y& %‬أداء‬ ‫ا‪ /2 > (V‬ا‪ %f‬ى ا*>  ‪ 6 7%‬ا ‪%‬ر‪ ،S‬وذ‪  h‬ا‪%U‬ر ا‪$‬رة ا\ ا‪- (0‬‬ ‫ا ‪06‬ت و أ ‪7‬د) ا‪ ،(m;) (!mC‬أ‪  ،(g‬و((‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - c  d .2‬وق ذات د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى ا‪ - (0.05 =α)(d‬أداء ا‪  (V‬ا‪%U‬ر‬ ‫ا‪$‬رة ا\ ا‪ - (0‬ا ‪06‬ت و أ ‪7‬د) ا‪ ،(m;) (!mC‬أ‪  ،(g‬و(( ‪l7‬ى ‪>0 M2%‬‬ ‫‪ 0q%‬ي ا‪ ( D‬وا‪ %f‬ى ا‪. 0#O%‬‬ ‫ا‪9-8$‬ت ا!‪V‬ا*‪:%‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ا  ا‪%‬ر )‪N : (Training Program‬م ‪ > M1%‬ا ات ا‪ (VV‬وا‪،(N5‬‬ ‫‪ > (f& >Z%‬ا‪ (VI9‬وا\‪ c‬اءات ‪5  ،‬ؤه ا&‪5%‬دا إ  ذج أوز رن – ر‪: /‬ا‪MO‬‬ ‫ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪4 ،‬ف ‪ (05‬ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ (0- 7‬ى ‪ (; > (50‬ا‪ G#‬ا‪F&%‬‬ ‫ا‪.&&9‬و‪ 1%‬ن ا  ا‪%‬ر > )‪$ (8‬ءات ر‪ (0‬ا‪ 1 i0O ، (02g (#: (20)F‬ن‬ ‫آ‪$ M‬ء > أر ‪ VU F‬ات  ز‪  40 ,‬ا‪  M:‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ا‪ ,f‬‬ ‫ا‪ O5‬ا” ‪ :‬ا‪ V‬ة ا‪9‬و ‪ :‬ا‪ ) 04%‬ا\اد ‪O%‬ي ( ‪ ،‬و‪ (:  : >Z%‬ا‪M (1I‬‬ ‫ا‪ ) O%‬ا‪، ( (0 Z‬ا‪ V‬ة ا‪ : (0C‬ا\‪%‬ج ) ا‪ 012%‬ا‪%‬ي (‪،‬و‪m! : >Z%‬ث  ا‪ M:‬ه‬ ‫‪ :‬إ‪D‬د ا‪0‬ت ‪ O ،‬ا‪ ، (1I‬وإ‪D‬د ا‪1-9‬ر ‪ .‬ا‪ V‬ة ا‪ : (CC‬ا‪ %2‬ة )ا‪ 012%‬ا‪$%‬ر  ( ‪:‬‬ ‫و‪ (:  ، >Z%‬إ‪D‬د ا‪ O‬ل‪ ،‬ا‪ V‬ة ا ا ‪ : (7‬ا\‪ c‬اءات ا‪ (0%‬وا‪ : %5‬و‪(:  >Z%‬‬ ‫إ‪D‬د ا‪ $‬ل)ا ‪ > 6‬ا‪ O‬ل( ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ :(0- 7‬ه ‪4‬رة ا‪ 2‬د  ا‪ V0f‬ة  ا‪07‬ت ا‪ (0- 7‬ا‪4%f %‬‬ ‫  ا‪ (4c‬ا‪ ،(1I‬وا‪m%‬ك ا‪ (- 7‬وا‪ V0f‬ة ‪ ،40‬وا‪%&d‬ام ا‪ ،4 m‬و و ا‪ 2‬د‬‫ا*ا ‪ s07‬ا‪ (0- 7‬ا‪ %‬ه ‪#‬د ‪ ،( xxxv) 4:‬و ‪mU > 4&0‬ل ار‪ (c‬ا‪ (01‬ا‪%‬‬ ‫‪ 40 M#:‬ا‪0$  SV‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ (0- 7‬ا ‪.(06‬‬ ‫‪ (- 7 .3‬ا‪ :(- 7‬ه ‪ (- 7‬ا‪ 2‬د ‪ (4‬ا‪ %‬ه ‪#‬د درا&‪ 4%‬أو ‪ ، 4:‬و‪ c (!m! >Z‬ا‪S‬‬ ‫ه ‪) :‬ا‪ (- 7‬ا‪ ،(  $%‬و ا‪ (- 7‬ا\‪ c‬ا‪،(0‬و ا‪ (- 7‬ا‪ ( xxxvi) ((0; I‬و ‪mU > 4&0‬ل‬ ‫‪ D‬ع ار‪c‬ت ا‪ 40 M#: %‬ا‪  SV‬ا‪  $2‬ات)‪0$ - (18-1‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق‬ ‫ا‪.(0- 7‬‬ ‫‪ 0N5 .4‬ا‪ :(- 7‬ه ‪ (- 7‬ا‪ S0&9‬وا &‪ M‬ا‪m‬ز( ‪ 0N5%‬و ا‪ 2‬د ‪ (1I‬ا‪ %‬ه ‪#‬د‬ ‫‪ 4:‬و‪ >Z%‬ا‪4‬رات ا”‪):(0‬ا ا( ا*ا‪،42 (0‬و ا‪ ،7% y0V%‬إدارة ا‪ 7‬ت‪ ،‬و‪M7‬‬ ‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫ا‪ ،7%‬وا&‪ %‬ا‪0D0‬ت ا‪ ،( $%‬و ‪mU > 4&0‬ل ‪ D‬ع ار‪c‬ت ا‪ 40 M#: %‬ا‪SV‬‬ ‫ ا‪ $2‬ات)‪0$ - (40-19‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪.(0- 7‬‬ ‫‪ (D7 .5‬ا‪:(- 7‬ه ‪4‬رة ا‪  2‬د  ا&‪%‬ام ا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت ‪ ،(Oc ($ V‬وإدة ‪0N5‬‬ ‫ا‪ 7‬ت‪ ،‬و‪ 00q‬ا&‪ %‬ا‪ (0D0‬ا‪ e$O% d 5 MO‬ا‪4‬ف)‪ (xxxvii‬و ‪mU > 4&0‬ل ‪ D‬ع‬ ‫ار‪c‬ت ا‪ 40 M#: %‬ا‪  SV‬ا‪ $2‬ات)‪0$ - (50-41‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪.(0- 7‬‬ ‫‪ .6‬ا‪ %f‬ى ا‪ :0#O%‬ه ‪ %f‬ى ‪ M0#O‬ا‪ - (V‬دة ا ‪06‬ت ‪ M‬ا ض ‪-‬‬ ‫ا‪7)( D%‬ل ا‪ - SV‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪ -‬ا‪ G#‬ا‪،(e f‬و ّ ‪ s0f$‬إ !‪m‬ث ‪ %f‬ت ‬ ‫ا‪ O5‬ا‪:%‬‬ ‫أ‪ : F2  -‬أ ‪d7 > %25‬ت ا‪.(V‬‬ ‫ب‪ :% -‬أد ‪d7 > %25‬ت ا‪.(V‬‬ ‫‪c‬ـ ‪ (0$ :y& %-‬ا‪.(V‬‬ ‫‪#‬دات ا‪$‬را‪%6‬‬ ‫اه‪ ,%‬ه*) ارا& ( &‪#$%‬ء أ!   ‪    07‬ذج أوز  رن‪ -‬ر‪ :/‬ا‪MO‬‬ ‫ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ - ،‬ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ى ‪ (; > (50‬ا‪ G#‬ا‪F&%‬‬ ‫ا‪ - &&9‬ا‪9‬ردن‪ ،‬و‪ % 07 5‬ه*) ارا&( ‪ >  d ،‬أ‪ *U‬ا‪O‬دات ا‪ >07 (0%‬ا‪%d‬ر‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ا  ا‪%‬ر ا*ي  ّ ‪ )  V‬ا&‪5%‬دًا إ  ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪ ( CPS) (1I‬و ‪($ V‬‬ ‫ا‪ %‬ا&‪ ،)*025 - ,%‬و‪v- s0‬ن ا‪m%U ، G%  %5‬ف ا  ا‪%‬ر أو ‪m%U‬ف‬ ‫ا‪ ($ V‬ا‪ 4 *250& %‬ه*ا ا ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ا&‪ - ,%‬ه*) ارا&( ‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ > (0- 7‬إاد ا‪i:‬؛ *ا ‪v-‬ن ‪ %‬ه*)‬ ‫ارا&( ‪  %7‬ى ‪g‬ق ه*ا ا‪%Ud‬ر و!‪.s‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ا‪0%U‬ر أ‪ -‬اد ارا&(  ‪ > (# ($ V‬ر&( آ‪ (D 2‬ا‪ ( C‬ا‪5 (I‬ت >  ( ا‪(0 %‬‬ ‫وا‪ D (N-O 07%‬ن ‪7‬م ارا& ‪ ،2006/2005‬وه*ا ‪ % 07 > O‬ه*) ارا&(‪.‬‬ ‫ا‪$‬را‪6‬ت ا‪%;n$‬‬ ‫اه‪ ,%‬درا&ت ة ‪ -‬ا‪ > iO‬أ! ا&‪%‬ام  ذج أوز  رن – ر‪ : /‬ا‪MO‬‬ ‫ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪4 (05 -‬رات ا‪ 012%‬ا\ ا ‪ >6‬ا‪5‬ه ارا&‪ (0‬ا‪ ، (2%‬و‪>1‬‬ ‫‪ G05#‬ه*) ارا&ت إ ‪:>0D‬‬ ‫‪ $‬أ‪ c‬ى ‪ (xxxviii) ) 0‬درا&( ه‪ ,-‬إ ا&‪#$%‬ء أ!  ذج ا‪ 7%‬ا‪ 5‬و ذج ا‪MO‬‬ ‫ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت  ‪ (05‬ا   وراء ا‪  - - 7‬اءة ا‪ #5‬ص ا‪ (07‬وا‪$‬رة  ‪M:‬‬ ‫ا‪m1I‬ت ‪ -‬ا‪l02‬ء ‪; 5‬ت ا‪ G#‬ا‪ F&%‬ا‪ (50 , 1 ، &&9‬ارا&( > )‪(; (135‬‬ ‫‪ >f‬إ !‪m‬ث ‪ D‬ت ‪ :>0%0 D >0% D :‬ا‪9‬و ‪ (; (46) > , 1‬در&‪ ,‬و‪  e-‬ذج‬ ‫ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت‪ ،‬وا‪ (; (45)> , 1 (0C‬در&‪ ,‬و‪ e-‬ا‪ 5‬ذج ا‪ ،7% 5‬وا‪( D‬‬ ‫ا‪ (; (44) > , 1 (V 6 (CC‬در&‪ ,‬و‪ e-‬ا‪ ($ V‬ا‪0%d‬د( ‪ .‬و> أ‪ e0$O Mc‬هف ارا&(‬ ‫ا&‪%‬م ا‪ i:‬ا‪%U‬ر ا   وراء ا‪  - - 7‬اءة ا‪ #5‬ص ا‪ ، (07‬وا‪%U‬ر ا‪$‬رة  ‪M:‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫ا‪m1I‬ت ‪ M‬و ‪ 7‬إ‪ c‬اء ا‪.( D%‬و أ‪T‬رت ا‪ %5‬أن  ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ > >f:‬ا ‬ ‫ ق ا‪  - - 7‬اءة ا‪ #5‬ص ا‪ (07‬و آ ‪ > >f:‬رة ا‪ M:  (V‬ا‪m1I‬ت‪.‬‬‫ه‪ ,-‬درا&( ه‪ ( xxxix) 5‬إ ‪ (- 7‬أ! ا&‪%‬ام  ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪(05 -‬‬ ‫ا\ اع ا‪ 7‬وا‪$‬رة  ‪ M:‬ا‪m1I‬ت ‪ iO -‬ا‪001‬ء ‪ .‬و‪ (50 , 1‬ارا&( > )‪> ; (32‬‬ ‫;( ا‪ G#‬ا‪ /‬ا‪ . &&9‬و> أ‪ e0$O Mc‬أهاف ارا&( ا&‪%‬م ا‪0$ i:‬س ا‪$‬رة  ‪M:‬‬ ‫ا‪m1I‬ت و‪0$‬س ا\ اع ا‪ M ، 7‬و ‪ 7‬إ‪ c‬اء ا‪ . ( D%‬و‪ $‬أ]‪ 4‬ت ا‪ %5‬إ أن  ذج ا‪MO‬‬ ‫ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ > >f:‬رة ا‪  (V‬ا\ اع ا‪ 7‬وا‪$‬رة  ‪ M:‬ا‪m1I‬ت‪.‬‬ ‫و‪ -‬ارا&( ا‪ %‬أ‪ c‬اه ه ‪( xl) l‬ه‪ ,-‬إ ‪ #$‬أ!  ر  ‪4‬رات  ذج‬ ‫ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت  ‪4 (05‬رات ا‪ 012%‬ا‪%‬ي وا‪ 012%‬ا‪$%‬ر  ى ;( ا‪ G#‬ا‪ F f‬و‬ ‫ا‪ > >C‬ا ‪ (:‬ا‪ .(V& %‬و‪ (50 , 1‬ارا&( > ا‪ (V‬ا*> ‪ 1%‬ن ا‪ (q‬ا\‪(l0D‬‬ ‫‪)y$‬أ‪:‬دي ا‪، ((q‬و> ا‪ (V‬ا*> ‪ !O%‬ن ا و&‪ 05! ) (l0D± (-6\ (0‬ا‪  ((q‬ا‪0%U‬ره‬‫ ‪ً 5‬ء  ‪ (m  4 #:‬أآ‪ - 85 > C‬ا‪ (q‬ا\‪ ، (l0D‬وأآ‪ - 85 > C‬ا‪ $‬اءة وا ‪06‬ت‬ ‫‪ .‬أ‪ ,7ZU‬ا‪% D‬ن   ا‪%‬ر ‪ .‬و> أ‪ e0$O Mc‬أهاف ارا&( ا&‪%‬م ا‪ i:‬ا‪%U‬ر‬ ‫‪ 012%‬ا‪%‬ي‪ ،‬و‪ 012% ً&0$‬ا‪$%‬ر ‪ ،‬وا&‪%‬م ا‪07 i:‬ر> ‪  1O‬ا&‪ D%‬ت ا‪ (V‬ه‪:‬‬ ‫ا‪07‬ر ا‪9‬ول ‪4 MC‬رات ا‪  012%‬ا‪%‬ي واآ‪I%‬ف ا‪1-9‬ر ‪ ،‬و‪ً 5 /0‬ء  !‪ (!m‬أ ‪7‬د ه‪:‬‬ ‫ا‪)(mV‬و‪7 ,f0‬د ا‪ D%&d‬ت ا‪ ، ((O0O#‬وا و() و‪7 ,f0‬د ا‪ D%&d‬ت ا‪، ((2%‬‬ ‫وا‪)(g9‬و‪7 ,f0‬د ا‪ D%&d‬ت ا‪ %‬آ‪ ,‬درة(‪ .‬أ ا‪07‬ر ا‪1- C‬ن ‪ MC‬ا‪ 012%‬ا‪$%‬ر  و‬ ‫‪ً 5 /0‬ء  ‪ >7‬ه‪ :‬ا‪ #O‬ل  أ( ا&‪،(O0Og ( D%‬و ه أ‪ MZ-‬ا‪ D%&d‬ت ا‪%‬رة و‬ ‫أ‪T‬رت ا‪ %5‬إ زدة ا‪ 012%‬ا\ ا ى ا‪ >0% D‬ا‪   %6 7 >0%‬ا‪%‬ر‪ ،‬آ أ‪T‬رت‬ ‫إ م و‪ c‬د ‪ -‬وق د‪ (d‬إ‪ >0 (0#:‬أداء ا‪0$  >0% D‬س ا‪ 012%‬ا‪%‬ي‪ .‬أ‪T‬رت ‪%‬‬ ‫ارا&( إ و‪ c‬د ‪ -‬وق ‪ >0‬ا‪0$  >0% D‬س ا‪ 012%‬ا‪$%‬ر  و‪ n#‬ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ %‬أ‪ -‬اده‬ ‫!‪ 05‬ا‪. (q‬‬ ‫‪xli‬‬ ‫أ درا&( آ ب ) ( ‪ ,-4-‬إ ‪ #$‬أ!  ر    ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا‬ ‫‪m1I‬ت &‪%‬ام ا‪ &O‬ب  ‪m1I M:‬ت ‪ ($ V‬إ ا‪ (0‬و ذج إ‪I‬ء ا‪ .(1I‬و‪(- 7‬‬ ‫أ!  ا‪%‬ر‪  S‬ا&‪ %‬ا‪0D0‬ت ا\ اع أو ا‪ >0fO  4 (- 7‬رة ا‪  2‬د  ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا‬ ‫‪m1I‬ت‪ .‬و‪ (50 , 1‬ارا&( > )‪ > ; (118‬أآ ا ا‪%‬ر‪      S‬ذج‬ ‫ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪.‬و أ]‪ 4‬ت ‪ %‬ارا&( أن ا‪ %I‬آ‪ >0‬ا*> ر ا  ا  ا‪%‬ر‪ S‬آن‬ ‫أداؤه أ‪ M:  MZ-‬ا‪m1I‬ت ‪ ($ V‬إ ا‪ ،(0‬و ذج إ‪I‬ء ا‪ > ، (1I‬ا‪I‬رآ‪ >0‬ا*> ‬ ‫‪%‬ر ا   ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ .‬أ ا‪I‬رآ‪ >0‬ا*> و‪ g‬ا إ ‪  (4‬ا‪  M:‬ذج ا‪MO‬‬ ‫ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت أدوا ‪ #‬رة ‪ M: - (0‬ا‪m1I‬ت ‪ ($ V‬إ ا‪.(0‬‬ ‫آ أ‪  c‬ى ‪ I‬و‪ (xlii) 50I‬درا&( ه‪ ,-‬إ ‪ #$‬أ!  آ‪  > M‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا‬ ‫‪m1I‬ت و ا‪ 7%‬ا‪7%‬و‪ ،‬وا‪ ($ V‬ا‪)(02%‬د  ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ ($ ; F‬ا‪7%‬‬ ‫ا‪7%‬و( ‪ -‬اآ‪f%‬ب ‪2‬ه‪  0‬م ا‪9‬رض و ا‪2%:d‬ظ ‪ ، 4‬و‪ >0fO‬ا‪D‬هت ا‪  7 O (V‬م‬ ‫ا‪9‬رض‪ (50 , 1 .‬ارا&( > )‪ ً; (197‬و;(  ز‪ : >0% D  >0‬ا‪9‬و ‪s 1 (0 D‬‬ ‫> )‪ ً; (98‬و;(‪ ،‬أ ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ 4- (0C‬ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ (V Z‬و‪ ً; (99) > , 1‬و;(‪.‬‬ ‫و> أ‪ e0$O Mc‬أهاف ارا&( ا&‪%‬م ا‪C:‬ن ا‪%U‬رًا ‪ ً00#O‬و‪Dm ً&0$‬هت ‪2 7 O‬ه‪0‬‬ ‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫ م ا‪9‬رض‪ .‬وأ‪T‬رت ا‪ %5‬إ ‪ 2‬ق ; ‪ ($‬ا‪%‬ر‪ /‬ا‪ - (02%‬اآ‪f%‬ب ا‪2 (V‬ه‪  0‬م‬ ‫ا‪9‬رض‪.‬‬ ‫ا‪ %;]$‬وا!‪V‬اءات‬ ‫*‪ %0‬ا‪$‬را‪:%6‬‬ ‫ ا‪0%U‬ر ‪ (50‬ارا&( ‪; > ًَ#‬ت ا‪ G#‬ا‪ F&%‬ا‪ - &&9‬ر&( آ‪ (D 2‬ا‪( C‬‬ ‫ا‪5 (I‬ت‪ ،‬ا‪ (  (7 %‬ا‪ (0 %‬وا‪ D (N-O 07%‬ن ؛ إذ أ ت إدارة ه*) ار&( و‪(7‬‬ ‫ا ‪06‬ت ‪7 40-‬وً ور‰( ‪ e0V -‬ه*) ارا&( ‪ -‬ر&‪ ،4%‬آ أن ه*) ار&( ‪/U Z‬‬ ‫‪ G# S7T‬ا‪ F&%‬ا‪ Fc - &  ،&&9‬ا‪0‬ت‪ ،‬و‪ *025‬و‪ (7 %‬إ‪ c‬اءات ارا&(‪.‬‬ ‫و  ا‪0%U‬ر ‪ I >0%7T‬ا‪ >0 > ً 0‬ا‪ S7I‬ا‪ ,##U ،/‬ا‪) (7I‬ب( ‪ I ($ V‬ا‪(0‬‬ ‫آ‪ ، (; (43) > ( 1 (0 D ( D‬وا‪) (7I‬أ( ‪ ، (; (43) > ( 1 (V 6‬و ‪*4‬ا ‪³ $-‬‬ ‫د أ‪ -‬اد ‪ (50‬ارا&( )‪  (; (86‬ز(  ا‪ >0%7I‬ا‪ (0 D%‬وا‪(V Z‬؛ إذ ;‪ >40 e‬ا‪%U‬ر‬ ‫ا‪$‬رة ا\ ا‪ - (0‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪ ،‬و‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ ،(0- 7‬و ‪ %f O‬ى ا‪ SV‬ا‪0#O%‬‬ ‫ ‪5‬ءا  ‪m‬ت ا‪ - (V‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪ -‬ا‪ G#‬ا‪e f‬؛ إذ  ا‪%‬ر ا‪ F2  SV‬ا‪ M0#O%‬إذا‬ ‫آ‪ >6 s%m ,‬أ ‪m > %25‬ت ا‪ ، (V‬و‪ %7‬ا‪ % SV‬ا‪ M0#O%‬إذا آ‪s%m ,‬‬ ‫> ‪ >6‬أد ‪m > %25‬ت ‪، s%7T‬أ ‪ (0$‬ا‪ %- (V‬ا‪%‬ره ‪ V& %‬ا‪.M0#O%‬ه*ا و ‬ ‫ ز‪ F‬ا‪ (V‬ا‪ G#‬ا‪ - F&%‬ه*) ار&(  ا‪ً 5 S7I‬ء  ‪d7‬ت ا‪ - (V‬ا‪ G#‬ا‪،>C‬‬ ‫ ‪ O i0O‬ي آ‪$% Sf (7T M‬ر ( > ‪d7‬ت ا‪(V‬؛ إذ ‪  %7‬ا‪ G#‬ا‪ F&%‬أول ‪s$%f Gg‬‬ ‫ار&( > ا‪ (©0‬ا‪ (V0O‬ر&( وه > ارس ‪ .(2%‬و ‪ 7‬ذ‪ h‬ا&‪ %‬ت ا‪ ( D‬ا‪- (0 D%‬‬ ‫ا  ا‪%‬ر‪ .‬وا‪D‬ول )‪ >0 (1‬أ‪ -‬اد ارا&( و‪ 5 $-‬ذج ا‪%‬ر‪ /‬و‪ %f‬ى ا‪،F2 )M0#O%‬‬ ‫ن( ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ٍ % ،y& %‬‬ ‫ا‪D‬ول)‪(1‬‬ ‫ ز‪ F‬أ‪ -‬اد ارا&(  ا‪ >0% D‬ا‪ (0 D%‬وا‪ (V Z‬و‪ %f ً$-‬اه ا‪،F2 ) 0#O%‬‬ ‫ن(‬ ‫‪ٍ % ، y& %‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪M0#O%‬‬ ‫ ‪F2‬‬ ‫‪y& %‬‬ ‫‪%‬ن‬ ‫ا‪ D‬ع‬

‫ا‪( D‬‬ ‫‪(0 D‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬

‫‪(V 6‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬

‫ا‪  $‬ا‪8$‬ر‪:‬‬ ‫‪ M‬اء ‪  V%‬ا  ا‪%‬ر ا‪%f‬م ‪ -‬ه*) ارا&( ‪ ،‬ا&‪5%‬دًا إ  ذج أوز رن ا‪MO‬‬ ‫ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت )‪  , ، (CPS‬ا‪ˆ (Z02%f (7c‬دب ا‪  %‬ي ا ‪ 5 y‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا‬ ‫‪m1I‬ت ‪ ،‬وذ‪: - h‬ود   ا‪  > -‬ا‪ Fc‬ودرا&ت ذات ‪*4 (g‬ا ا‪ 5‬ذج‪ .‬و ‪ 7‬أن  درا&(‬ ‫ا‪ 5‬ذج وا‪m;d‬ع  ا‪O‬و‪d‬ت ا‪ c %‬ت ‪%&d‬ام ه*ا ا‪ 5‬ذج ‪ -‬ا ا‪ G‬ا‪ - (007%‬ا‪9‬ردن‬ ‫و‪  7 -‬دول ا‪ O  ،7‬ا\;ر ا‪7‬م   ا‪%‬ر ا*ي ا‪  M%T‬ا‪ 9‬ر ا‪:(0%‬‬ ‫‪ > (02U $ -‬ا ‪ G‬ا‪ M1I‬ا اد ‪)(fD (:‬ا‪ ،(1I‬ا‪O%‬ي(‪.‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫‬‫‬‫‬‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

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‫ ز‪ F‬ا‪9‬دوار ‪ >0‬ا‪ (V‬و ‪ 4O06‬و‪ 40f$‬إ ‪ D‬ت >)‪m; (7-5‬ب ‪.( D M1‬‬ ‫ا&‪%‬ام و&‪ M‬ا\‪Z‬ح ا‪. (&5‬‬ ‫‪ e0$O‬أ ا‪ %‬ازن ‪ >0‬ا‪ 012%‬ا‪$%‬ر  وا‪ 012%‬ا‪%‬ي ‪ M: -‬ا‪.(1I‬‬ ‫ ‪  7‬ض ا ‪ G‬ا‪ M1I‬أم ;ت ‪ ،‬و ز‪ F‬ا‪9‬دوار و‪ s0c  % ، 40N5‬ا‪V‬ت إ‬ ‫ر&( ا‪ 012%‬ا‪%‬ي > ‪mU‬ل ‪O  4C:‬و(  ‪ 0‬أآ د ‪ > >1‬ا‪ O‬ل ا‪(: %$‬‬ ‫‪ ، MO‬وا‪ %‬آ‪ : 0   l0‬ل ‰ ( أو ‰‪mU > (0$ 0‬ل اع ا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت ا‪:(0%‬‬ ‫)ا‪ G#7‬ا*ه‪  ،5‬ا ا‪1-9‬ر‪،‬ا‪m7‬ت ا‪.(( f$‬‬ ‫ ‪ 0  7‬أآ ر ‪ > >1‬ا‪ O‬ل ‪ s0c  %‬ا‪V‬ت إ ر&( ا‪ 012%‬ا‪$%‬ر  > ‪mU‬ل‬ ‫ا‪ %‬آ‪  l0‬ا‪ > Mg %‬ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪ 0C1‬ة ا‪ (: %$‬إ أ‪1-‬ر ‪ ، (0‬وه‪ $ 5‬ر ا‪V‬ت أي‬ ‫ا‪1-9‬ر أ‪ MO Sf‬وا‪  V 451 %‬ه و ]‪ M: - 420‬ا‪ (1I‬و ذ‪mU > h‬ل اع‬ ‫ا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت ا‪)(0%‬ا&‪ %‬اج ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪،(4‬ا‪ F0D%‬وا‪ M0O ، G05#%‬ا‪$‬رت ا‪l‬و‪.((0c‬‬ ‫‪ SD‬ا‪ %‬آ‪  l0‬ا&‪%‬ام  ا  ‪ 0‬ا‪1-9‬ر و‪ 40O‬و‪ e$O% i0: 4$g‬ا‪ %‬ازن‬ ‫ ‪ >0‬ا‪ 012%‬ا‪%‬ي وا‪$%‬ر ‪.‬‬ ‫ ض ا‪ O‬ل ا‪ ,g  %‬إ‪ 40‬ا‪V‬ت ‪ ،‬و> ! ‪ 4%I5‬و‪.4 $‬‬ ‫ ا‪ (7c‬ا‪9‬هاف ‪j%‬آ > ‪.4$$O‬‬ ‫‪5007‬ت ‪m1I >Z% s0%0‬ت ‪ M > 4: %‬ا‪V‬ت ا‪I‬رآ‪ - >0‬ا‪ (D7‬ا‪(0 D%‬‬ ‫ &‪%‬ام  ذج أوز رن ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت‪.‬‬

‫و ‪ O 7‬ا\;ر ا‪7‬م   ا‪%‬ر ا&‪5%‬دًا إ  ذج أوز  رن‪ :‬ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا‬ ‫‪m1I‬ت)‪ ّ  (CPS‬ا‪0%U‬ر و‪:‬ة ‪ M0O‬ا‪$‬د ا‪ > ( D‬آ‪%‬ب ا ‪06‬ت ‪ G#‬ا‪ F&%‬ا‪، &&9‬‬ ‫و ‪ 7‬ذ‪5  h‬ء ا  ا‪%‬ر ‪ >6‬د‪ M0‬ا‪ >Z i0: ، 7‬ا  و‪ ($ V 2g‬ا‪7%‬‬ ‫وا‪ ،07%‬آ ا‪  M%T‬إر‪T‬دات و ‪40c‬ت ‪ ،‬و أ‪ . ( 5% (VI‬و‪ 5‬آ‪ ( %‬ادة ا‪ (007%‬أ‪*U‬‬ ‫ ‪%d‬ر إدة ‪ 0N5‬ا‪ %O‬ى ا‪:  07%‬ة  ‪m%‬ءم ‪  F‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت‪ .‬و ‬ ‫ا‪ %O 0$%‬ى ا‪%1‬ب ‪ ،‬و ‪ GZ‬أ( ‪ 7‬ت ‰‪ 0‬وارد) ‪ -‬ا‪%1‬ب ا‪ $‬ر ‪Z‬ن ‪ x-1‬ا‪ %O‬ى‬ ‫ا‪ - 7‬ا*ي ‪ > M1 V7‬ا‪ >0% D‬ا‪ (0 D%‬وا‪ (V Z‬؛ ‪ i0:‬وز‪  ,‬ا‪ F06‬و‪:‬ة ‪M0O‬‬ ‫ا‪$‬د ا‪ (0!  ( D‬دروس‪ .‬و ا‪ M%T‬ارس ا ا‪ >0%#:  :‬أو !‪(V 7
#: (!m‬‬ ‫ار&‪ (0‬و ‪ ³‬د ا‪
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#:‬أ& ‪.ً0‬‬ ‫إ‪V‬اءات ‪p‬ق ا‪: $‬‬ ‫ ‪ 7‬إاد ا  ا‪%‬ر ‪ -
%  s6   ،‬ا‪ (q‬ا‪j% (0 7‬آ > &‪ (m‬ا‪(‰0#‬‬ ‫ا‪ ،( q‬آ  ّ  ‪ > ( D  s6‬ا‪ > >01O‬ذوي ا ة وا‪#%Ud‬ص ‪ -‬أ&‪ S0‬ر‪/‬‬ ‫ا ‪06‬ت وا‪ 7‬م ‪ >01O (8) > ( 1‬؛ أر ‪ > (7‬أ‪Z‬ء ه‪ (©0‬ا‪%‬ر‪ - /‬آ‪ (0‬ا‪ 7‬م ا‪- ( %‬‬ ‫ا‪ (7D‬ا‪9‬رد‪ (0‬و‪ (7c‬ا‪$‬ء ا‪ ، (0$0V%‬وأر ‪ iO >0  >0- I (7‬ا ‪06‬ت > ‪ (:‬در‪(c‬‬ ‫اآ‪ %‬را) وا‪5 - 0%fc‬ه و; ق ر‪ /‬ا ‪06‬ت وا‪ 7‬م ‪j%‬آ > &‪ (m‬ا\‪ c‬اءات ‪ ،‬وى‬ ‫‪ (m‬ا  ˆدب ا*ي ‪ 5%f‬إ‪  s0‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪I‬ـ‪m1‬ت )‪ 45 S; i0: ، (CPS‬إ اء‬ ‫ا أي ‪ :‬ل ‪ (VU (&5‬آ‪$ M‬ء )درس( ‪ %O‬ى ادة ا‪ (007%‬آ وردت ‪ -‬ا‪%1‬ب ار& ‪ ،‬وى‬ ‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫‪  F 4$ V‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت )‪ (CPS‬و و‪ 6‬ح ‪ VU‬ات ا‪ 5‬ذج ا‪%f‬م ‪ -‬آ‪$ M‬ء‪.‬‬ ‫و‪ 6 -‬ء Ÿراء وا‪ %‬ا‪:‬ت ا‪ >01O‬أ‪  7 , c‬ا‪m7%‬ت  ‪  7 yVU‬ا‪$‬ءات ؛ ‪ i0:‬آ‪,‬‬ ‫‪ $‬ا‪ 4‬آ‪%d (0-‬ره ‪g‬د(‪ .‬وأ‪ً 0U‬ا  إاد ا  ا‪%‬ر ‪ #‬ر‪ s‬ا‪ً04 (45‬ا ء ‪s$0V%‬‬ ‫ أ‪ -‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪. (0 D%‬‬ ‫إ‪V‬اءات ]*‪ q‬ا‪: $‬‬ ‫  ز‪ F‬ا‪I‬رآ‪ D - >0‬ت > )‪ - (7-5‬آ‪ .( D M‬وآن ‪ -‬ا( آ‪$ M‬ء ‪%‬‬ ‫ ‪ n06‬ا‪9‬هاف ا ‰ ب ‪ > 4$0$O‬ا‪$‬ء و‪ $‬م ا‪ > (02U $% 7‬ا ‪ G‬ا‪ M1I‬ا اد ‪(:‬‬ ‫ ‪)(fD‬ا‪ ،(1I‬ا‪O%‬ي(‪ .‬و ‪  7‬ض ا ‪ G‬ا‪ M1I‬أم ا‪V‬ت ‪ ،‬و ز‪ F‬ا‪9‬دوار و‪، 40N5‬‬ ‫‪ s0c  %‬ا‪V‬ت إ ر&( ا‪ 012%‬ا‪%‬ي > ‪mU‬ل ‪O  4C:‬و(  ‪ 0‬أآ د ‪> >1‬‬ ‫ا‪ O‬ل ا‪ ، MO (: %$‬وا‪ %‬آ‪ : 0   l0‬ل ‰ ( أو ‰‪mU > (0$ 0‬ل اع ا&‪ %‬ا‪(0D0‬‬ ‫)ا‪ G#7‬ا*ه‪ . (5‬و ‪ 0  7‬أآ ر ‪ > >1‬ا‪ O‬ل ‪ s0c  %‬ا‪V‬ت إ ر&( ا‪012%‬‬ ‫ا‪$%‬ر  > ‪mU‬ل ا‪ %‬آ‪  l0‬ا‪ > Mg %‬ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪  0C1‬ة ا‪ (: %$‬إ أ‪1-‬ر ‪ ، (0‬وه‪  $ 5‬ر‬ ‫ا‪V‬ت أي ا‪1-9‬ر أ‪  V 451 MO Sf‬ه و ]‪ M: - 420‬ا‪ S$7 ّ ! .(1I‬ذ‪  h‬ض ا‪ O‬ل‬ ‫ا‪ Mg  %‬إ‪ 40‬ا‪V‬ت ‪ ،‬و> ! ‪ 4%I5‬و‪ .4 $‬و  ا‪ (7c‬ا‪9‬هاف ‪j%‬آ > ‪.4$$O‬و ا&‪%‬م‬ ‫ ‪ *025‬ا  د > ا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت ا‪ %‬آن > أه‪ :4‬ا‪mU > 7%‬ل ا‪ D‬ت ‪ ،‬ا‪G#7‬‬‫ا*ه‪ ،5‬ا‪ (I5‬وا‪ O‬ار‪ ،‬وا‪ iO‬وا‪#$%&d‬ء‪ ،‬ا&‪ %‬اج ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪ ،(4‬ا‪ F0D%‬وا‪، G05#%‬‬ ‫وا‪5007%‬ت ا‪ ،(0%0‬و ا‪$‬رت ا‪l‬و‪.(0c‬‬ ‫أدوات ا‪$‬را‪:%6‬‬ ‫;*س ا‪/$‬رات ‪,‬ق ا‪:%*,-$‬‬ ‫‪4‬ف ه*) ا‪0$‬س إ ‪0‬س رة ا‪ 2‬د  ا‪ - 012%‬ا‪I‬ء ا*ي ‪،s7%‬وإدراآ‪ $  s‬م ‪، s7%‬‬ ‫و‪ - s1O‬ه*ا ا‪ 1 %: 7%‬ن درًا  ا‪2%&d‬دة  ‪ ،>07 G  - s7%‬وا‪0%U‬ر ا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت‬ ‫ا‪m‬ز( و‪ 47‬أو ا‪ ، 45 %‬وا‪0%U‬ر ا&‪ %‬ا‪0D0‬ت ‪ ،)c‬ور‪  s‬و‪ g  s507 yVU F6‬ل‬ ‫إ أها‪ ،s-‬وا ا‪ (7c‬ا*ا‪ (0‬ا ا‪  (- 7 (0‬إذا آ‪ ,‬أهاف ا‪ 2‬د ‪ ,$$O‬أم ‪ ،d‬و‪ %‬ذ‪mU > h‬ل‬ ‫!‪dD (!m‬ت ه‪ (- 7:‬ا‪ 0N5 ،(- 7‬ا‪ (D7 ،(- 7‬ا‪ .(- 7‬ا‪ %:‬ى ا‪0$‬س ‪ #‬ر‪ s‬ا‪9‬و‪> (0‬‬ ‫)‪ $- (60‬ة  ز(  !‪dD (!m‬ت آ ‪:‬‬ ‫ا‪b$‬ل ا‪5‬ول ‪ (- 7 :‬ا‪ $- (21) (- 7‬ة  ز(  !‪m‬ث ‪dD‬ت ‪ (0 -‬ه‪:‬ا‪ (- 7‬ا‪(9)(0O #%‬‬ ‫‪ $‬ات‪ ،‬ا‪ (- 7‬ا\‪ c‬ا‪ $- (7)(0‬ات‪ ،‬ا‪ (- 7‬ا‪ $- (5)(0; I‬ات‪.‬‬‫ا‪b$‬ل ا‪ 0N5 : X$‬ا‪ $- (29) (- 7‬ة  ز(  ‪dD (fU‬ت ‪ (0 -‬ه‪ :‬ا ا( ا*ا‪7% (0‬‬ ‫)‪ $- (7‬ات‪ ،‬ا‪ $- (8) y0V%‬ات‪  $ ،‬ا‪ $- (8 ) 7%‬ات‪ ،‬إدارة ا‪ 7‬ت ‪ $- 3‬ات‪ ،‬إزا( ا‪ q‬ض‬ ‫)‪ $- (3‬ات‪.‬‬ ‫ا‪b$‬ل ا‪ (D7:[$X$‬ا‪ $- (10) (- 7‬ات‪.‬‬ ‫و  و‪ U+‬ا‪s$‬رة ا‪5‬و‪*;$ %*$‬س ‪1: m‬ل ا‪ %-V‬ا!(ر ا‪h0$‬ي وا‪ *;$‬ا‪:%*$8$‬‬ ‫‪vvw %v -1‬و و د *‪nv‬ن) ‪ (Shrow&Dennison‬ا‪ %‬ا&‪ - (xliii) 4%‬درا&‪0$ 4%‬س‬ ‫ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪D - (0- 7‬ل ا&‪70%‬ب ا‪ $‬اءة وا‪ $- (52) >Z% %‬ة  ز(  ‪>0D‬‬ ‫وه )‪ (- 7‬ا‪ ((- 7‬و) ‪ 0N5‬ا‪.((- 7‬‬ ‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫‪ -2‬أداة آ‪vv‬ر ‪vv vv;$ : Kumar‬م‪  V% ( xliv ) Kumar‬أداة ‪ T‬و و د‪ f0‬ن ‪(!m! MI%‬‬ ‫‪ >0D > d‬ه ‪ (- 7 :‬ا‪ ، (- 7‬و‪ 0N5‬ا‪ ،(- 7‬و‪ (D7‬ا‪.(- 7‬‬ ‫‪dD‬ت  ًَ‬ ‫‪xlv‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬أداة  ارا و ‪ ( ) **,‬ا‪0$ 45  %‬س ‪4‬رات ا‪ - (V‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت‬ ‫‪ ،‬و‪ , 1‬ه*) ا‪9‬داة > ‪lc‬أ> ا‪9‬ول ا&‪ $- (30) > s 1 s%‬ة ‪ /17‬ا‪ f‬آت ا‪407 %‬‬ ‫ا‪mU (V‬ل ‪I‬ط ‪ M:‬ا‪m1I‬ت ا ‪ (06‬دا‪ MU‬ا‪ ،G#‬أ ا‪lD‬ء ا‪ 1% C‬ن > !‪m‬ث أزواج >‬ ‫ا‪m1I‬ت وا‪ V‬ب > ا‪ 00$ (V‬ى ‪ ( 7g‬ا‪ (4‬ودر‪ (c‬ا‪.s I%‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬أداة ا‪vv-$‬ل و ‪ vv‬ا‪$‬ه‪vv‬ب )‪ (xlvi‬وا‪ $- (45) > , 1 %‬ة  ز(  أر ‪dD (7‬ت‬ ‫ه‪:‬ا  )‪ $- ( 12‬ة‪ ،‬ا‪ %&d‬ا‪ (0D0‬ا‪ $- (11) (0- 7‬ة ‪ ،‬ا‪ $- (11) y0V%‬ة ‪ ،‬ا ا‪(7c‬‬ ‫وا‪ $- (11)  $%‬ة‪.‬‬ ‫‪p‬ق ا‪*;$‬س‪:‬‬ ‫ ‪ 7‬آ‪D M1 G 7 ( %‬ل و‪ s 1‬ا‪   (0 2‬ض ا‪9‬داة  ‪ > ( D‬ا‪>01O‬‬ ‫وه ‪ /2‬أ‪Z‬ء ‪ (5D‬ا‪ 01O%‬ا‪ ,1: %‬ا  ا‪%‬ر وذ‪4 h‬ف ا‪j%‬آ > ا‪ 9‬ر ا”‪:(0‬‬ ‫ى ‪ (m‬و‪ T‬ل ا‪ $2‬ات ‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ .(0- 7‬وه‪ M‬ا‪ $2‬ات ا‪> Sc M1 ($7%‬‬ ‫ا‪ D‬ا‪ S‬ا‪mC‬ث وا‪ D‬ا‪ S‬ا‪ (0 2‬ا‪ /0$ 4 ( 1‬ه*) ا‪ًm7-
#‬؟ وى ‪ (‰0g (&5‬آ‪M‬‬ ‫‪ $‬ة و‪ (V 4%&5‬ا‪ G#‬ا‪ F&%‬ا‪ .&&9‬و  ‪Ÿ Fc‬راء ا‪ >01O‬وا‪ %‬ا‪ ،4:‬و ‪ً 5‬ء ‬‫Ÿرا‪  4‬إدة ‪ (‰0g‬و‪  7 M7‬ا‪ $2‬ات و ‪*4‬ا ‪ n#‬د ‪ $-‬ات ا‪0$‬س ‪ 7‬ا‪( 56 ) 01O%‬‬ ‫‪ $‬ة‪.‬‬‫ا‪ %b8$‬ا‪:%*1]86‬‬ ‫ ‪ e0V‬ا‪0$‬س  ‪ (50‬ا&‪ > (; (50) > ( 1 (0mV%‬إ‪:‬ى ‪ S7T‬ا‪ G#‬ا‪F&%‬‬ ‫ا‪ s7T)&&9‬ج( ‪ -‬ار&( ‪ i0: ، 4f2‬أ‪*U‬ت ‪ I ($ V‬ا‪ ، (0‬وه> > ‪U‬رج ‪ (50‬ارا&(‪،‬‬ ‫وذ‪4 h‬ف‪:‬‬ ‫‪vv vv# -1‬ى و‪vv+‬ح ‪vv;,‬ات ا‪vv*;$‬س ‪ %nvv0$‬إ‪ vv$‬ا‪N:m M0Df  i0: :%vv]$‬ت ‪ 7‬‬ ‫ا‪V‬ت  ‪  7‬ا‪ $2‬ات وه‪ :‬ا‪ $2‬ات) ‪  7 42  i0: (8 ، 19 ،7‬ا‪V‬ت ا‪ #$‬د‬ ‫ ‪2‬ه‪ 0‬ا”‪ :(0‬ا&‪ %‬ا‪ (0D0‬ا‪ ،7%‬ا‪$‬رات ا‪ (V 4O06  %- .(0$7‬وإدة ‪. 4%‰0g‬‬ ‫‪ vvv# -2‬ا‪ mvvv$‬ا‪ qvvv*]8$ gvvv60$‬ا‪vvv*;$‬س ‪   :‬اوح ز> ‪ e0V‬ا‪9‬داة ا*ي ا&‪ s q%‬أ ‪jV‬‬ ‫;‪(40)S‬د‪ ،($0‬وا‪ >l‬ا*ي ا&‪ s q%‬أ& ع ;‪ (56)S‬د‪ ،($0‬و *‪v- h‬ن ا‪ >l‬ا‪S&5‬‬ ‫‪  ( c±‬ا‪0$‬س ه ‪ y& %‬ه*> ا‪ >005l‬وه )‪ (48‬د‪.($0‬‬ ‫‪ # -3‬در‪ %V‬ا‪ %-s$‬و‪ "-‬ا‪;9$ **8$‬ات ا‪5‬داة‪f:  :‬ب ى ا‪ ( 7#‬وا‪l00%‬‬ ‫‪ $- M1‬ة > ‪ $-‬ات ا‪0$‬س ‪ ،‬وا‪D‬ول)‪ > (2‬ذ‪.h‬‬ ‫‪V‬ول)‪(2‬‬ ‫در‪ %V‬ا‪ %-s$‬و‪ "-‬ا‪;9$ **8$‬ات أداة *س ا‪/$‬رات ا‪9$‬ق ‪%*,-‬‬ ‫ر‪ vvvvvvvvvv‬ا‪( 7#‬‬ ‫ا‪;9$‬ة‬ ‫‪0.67‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0.65‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪0.62‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ا‪l00%‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪0.19‬‬

‫ا‪( 7#‬‬

‫ر‪vvvvvvvvvv‬‬ ‫ا‪;9$‬ة‬ ‫‪0.89‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪0.81‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪0.61‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬

‫ا‪l00%‬‬ ‫‪0.11‬‬ ‫‪0.16‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬

‫ر‬ ‫ا‪;9$‬ة‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪42‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬

‫ا‪( 7#‬‬

‫ا‪l00%‬‬

‫‪0.74‬‬ ‫‪0.74‬‬ ‫‪0.72‬‬

‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫‪072‬‬ ‫‪0.62‬‬ ‫‪0.72‬‬ ‫‪0.69‬‬ ‫‪0.81‬‬ ‫‪0.65‬‬ ‫‪0.72‬‬ ‫‪0.66‬‬ ‫‪0.74‬‬ ‫‪0.73‬‬ ‫‪0.74‬‬ ‫‪0.81‬‬ ‫‪0.67‬‬ ‫‪0.85‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪0.71‬‬ ‫‪0.63‬‬

‫‪0.22‬‬ ‫‪0.23‬‬ ‫‪0.22‬‬ ‫‪0.22‬‬ ‫‪0.26‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.19‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.19‬‬ ‫‪0.19‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.15‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.23‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬

‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬

‫‪0.79‬‬ ‫‪0.89‬‬ ‫‪0.76‬‬ ‫‪0.73‬‬ ‫‪0.81‬‬ ‫‪0.79‬‬ ‫‪0.66‬‬ ‫‪0.73‬‬ ‫‪0.65‬‬ ‫‪0.71‬‬ ‫‪0.76‬‬ ‫‪0.78‬‬ ‫‪0.80‬‬ ‫‪0.79‬‬ ‫‪0.80‬‬ ‫‪0.82‬‬ ‫‪0.67‬‬

‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.11‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.19‬‬ ‫‪0.19‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.16‬‬ ‫‪0.19‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬

‫‪44‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪49‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪53‬‬ ‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬

‫‪0.79‬‬ ‫‪0.72‬‬ ‫‪0.77‬‬ ‫‪0.79‬‬ ‫‪0.74‬‬ ‫‪0.69‬‬ ‫‪0.69‬‬ ‫‪0.69‬‬ ‫‪0.64‬‬ ‫‪0.76‬‬ ‫‪0.80‬‬ ‫‪0.74‬‬ ‫‪0.76‬‬

‫‪0.19‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.22‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.23‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.19‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.24‬‬

‫‪ > nZ%‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ ،(3‬أن ‪ $- ( 7g‬ات ا‪0$‬س  او‪>0: -، (0.89-0.59) >0 40 ,:‬‬ ‫ اوح ‪ l00‬ا‪ $2‬ات ‪* ، (0.26 -0.11)>0‬ا  ‪*:‬ف ا‪ $2‬ات ا‪ %‬در‪، j- ( 0.83) 4% 7g (c‬‬ ‫آ  ‪*:‬ف ا‪ $2‬ات ا‪l00 M7 %‬ه أ‪ ، (0.19) > M‬و ‪*4‬ا ‪*:  $-‬ف ا‪ $2‬ات ر )‪، 21 ، 17‬‬ ‫‪ ،(35 ،34 ،25 ،22‬و ‪*4‬ا ‪ n#‬ا‪9‬داة ‪ #‬ر‪ 4‬ا‪ 1% (045‬ن > )‪ $- ( 50‬ة ‪ >Z i0: ،‬ا‪D‬ل‬ ‫ا‪9‬ول )‪ (- 7‬ا‪ $- (18) ((- 7‬ة ‪ >Z 50 ،‬ا‪D‬ل ا‪ 0N5)C‬ا‪ $- ( 22) ((- 7‬ة‪ ،‬أ ا‪D‬ل‬ ‫ا‪ (D7)iC‬ا‪ $- (10) >Z $- ((- 7‬ات ‪ ،‬و*‪ m‬ا‪ q#$‬ر )‪ (5‬ا‪5‬داة ‪s‬ر‪ /‬ا‪.%*/0$‬‬ ‫‪ "- # .1‬ت ا‪*;$‬س‪:‬‬ ‫ ‪f:‬ب ‪! M7‬ت ا‪0$‬س &‪%‬ام ‪ M7‬آ وخ‪ -‬أ‪ 2‬و ‪ M7 ³‬ا‪C‬ت ˆداة آ‪M1‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(0.89‬و‪D‬ل ا‪9‬ول) ‪ ، (0.81‬و‪D‬ل ا‪ ،(0.76) C‬و‪D‬ل ا‪ ،(0.76) iC‬و‪ 7‬ه*)‬ ‫ا‪m7‬ت آ‪ (0-‬و ‪ ‰9 (&5‬اض ارا&(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ Œ*#s‬ا‪*;$‬س‪:‬‬ ‫‪ , 1‬ا‪0$‬س >) ‪ $- (50‬ة >  ع ‪ 10‬ت ‪  i0: ،‬إ‪V‬ء ‪ (©-‬ا‪ًc (0 ( D%&d‬ا )‪(5‬‬ ‫‪m‬ت ‪ ،‬و‪ (©-‬ا‪m(4) (0 ( D%&d‬ت‪ ،‬و‪ (©-‬ا‪m (3) (V& % ( D%&d‬ت‪ ،‬و‪ (©-‬ا‪(0 ( D%&d‬‬ ‫‪%m‬ن‪ ،‬أ ‪ (©-‬ا‪ًc (0 ( D%&d‬ا ‪  $-‬إ‪ (m 4V‬وا‪:‬ة‪.‬‬ ‫و  ّ ‪m Fc‬ت ا‪  SV‬ا‪ $2‬ات > )‪ MC% (18 - 1‬أ‪  s% c‬ا‪D‬ل ا‪9‬ول‪(- 7 :‬‬ ‫ا‪ D MC 50 ، (- 7‬ع ‪m‬ت ا‪  SV‬ا‪ $2‬ات)‪ (40 -19‬أ‪ M s% c‬ا‪D‬ل ا‪0N5 :C‬‬ ‫ا‪ ،(- 7‬أ ‪ D‬ع ‪m‬ت ا‪  SV‬ا‪ $2‬ات)‪ ,C $- (50 -41‬إ‪ ( c‬ا‪  SV‬ا‪D‬ل ا‪:iC‬‬ ‫‪ (D7‬ا‪.(- 7‬‬ ‫‪ *s‬ا‪$‬را‪:%6‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫‪ 7 i0:‬ه*) ارا&( > ارا&ت ‪ sT‬ا‪ (0 D%‬ا‪  %‬رس أ!  ا&‪%‬ام  ذج ا‪MO‬‬ ‫ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ -‬ا‪ 012%‬ا\ ا وا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ى ;( ا‪ G#‬ا‪F&%‬‬ ‫ن ( ‪ 0q% G05# >1 sv-‬ات ارا&(‬ ‫ا‪ 6 - &&9‬ء ‪ %f‬اه ا‪ٍ % ،y& % ، F2 ) 0#O%‬‬ ‫آ  ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ا‪ 0q%‬ات ا‪ ($ ; :($%f‬ا‪%‬ر‪ /‬وه  ‪ >0 %f‬ه ‪:‬‬ ‫أ( ; ‪ ($‬ا‪%‬ر‪%& /‬ام ا  ا‪%‬ر ‪.‬‬ ‫ب( ا‪ ($ V‬ا‪0%d‬د(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ا‪ 0q%‬ا‪7‬ل‪ :‬ا‪ %f‬ى ا‪ 0#O%‬وه  !‪ %f (!m‬ت ه‪:‬‬ ‫ن‬ ‫‪c‬ـ( ‪ٍ %‬‬ ‫ب( ‪y& %‬‬ ‫أ(  ‪F2‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ا‪ 0q%‬ات ا‪:(7 %‬‬ ‫أ( ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت‪.‬‬ ‫و‪ >1‬ا‪ 0# > 07%‬ارا&( آ  ‪:‬‬ ‫‪G1: O X O‬‬ ‫‪G2:O O‬‬ ‫‪ :G1‬ا‪ ( D‬ا‪.(0 D%‬‬ ‫‪ :G2‬ا‪ ( D‬ا‪.(V Z‬‬ ‫‪ :X‬ا‪%& (D7‬ام ا  ا‪%‬ر ا‪   $‬ذج ‪.CPS‬‬ ‫‪ MC :O‬ا‪%Ud‬ر ا‪ $‬وا‪7‬ي ا*ي ‪ s ,6 7‬ا‪ >0% D‬ا‪ (0 D%‬وا‪ (V Z‬وه ‬ ‫‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت‪.‬‬ ‫إ‪V‬اءات ا‪$‬را‪:%6‬‬ ‫ا‪ ,7‬ا\‪ c‬اءات ا‪ e0V - (0%‬ه*) ارا&( ‪:‬‬ ‫‪0$  V  .1‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ ،(0- 7‬و‪ (50  s$0V‬ا&‪(50) > ( 1 (0mV%‬‬ ‫;( > إ‪:‬ى ‪ S7T‬ا‪ G#‬ا‪ F&%‬ا‪) (7T &&9‬ج( ‪ -‬ار&( ‪ ، 4f2‬وه> ّ > ‪U‬رج‬ ‫‪ (50‬ارا&( ‪ 4mU >  ،‬ا‪j%‬آ > و‪ 6‬ح ‪ (‰0g‬ا‪  $2‬ات و‪V 4%&5‬ت ا‪G#‬‬ ‫ا‪ ،F&%‬و‪ O‬ا‪ >l‬ا‪ e0V% S&5‬ا‪9‬داة ‪ ،‬و‪f:‬ب !ت ا‪9‬داة و‪m7‬ت ا‪ ( 7#‬وا‪،l00%‬‬ ‫وإ‪ c‬اء ا‪m7%‬ت ا‪.(&5‬‬ ‫‪5  .2‬ء ا  ا‪%‬ر ‪5‬ءا   ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ >6‬د‪ M0‬ا‪i0O ،7‬‬ ‫‪ , 1‬ادة ا‪ %O >   (007%‬ى و‪:‬ة ‪ M0O‬ا‪$‬د ا‪ > ( D‬آ‪%‬ب ا ‪06‬ت‬ ‫‪ G#‬ا‪.F&%‬‬ ‫‪$ .3‬ء ا‪ (7‬ا‪%& %‬رس ا‪ >0% D‬ا‪ (0 D%‬وا‪ (V Z‬ور‪  4‬ا&‪%‬ام  ذج ا‪MO‬‬ ‫ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ ،‬و ا‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت ا‪ ،s0- (%f‬وذ‪$ (!m! $7 h‬ءات ‪ M 47‬ء‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫‪.4‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬ ‫‪.6‬‬

‫‪.7‬‬

‫‪.8‬‬ ‫‪.9‬‬

‫ا‪ ( D%‬و ‪ 40f 7‬ا  ا‪%‬ر ‪ ،‬و‪ VU (I5‬ات  ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت‬ ‫وذ‪ - h‬ا‪ &9‬ع ا‪9‬ول > ء ا‪7‬م ارا& و‪ M‬دوام ا‪ - (V‬ار&( ‪ ،‬آ  ر‪/‬‬ ‫ا‪)(7I‬د( > ‪ M‬ا‪ i:‬ا‪$‬ء ا‪9‬ول > ا  وذ‪mU h‬ل !‪ (02g
#: (!m‬؛ ‪>1%%‬‬ ‫ا‪ e0V > (7‬ا  ا‪%‬ر ‪ ( 4f‬و‪ ، f‬و ‪ (I5‬ا‪ )*4 (7‬ا‪
#O‬و ‪n06‬‬ ‫ا‪$5‬ط ا‪ .4 (4‬و;‪ > S‬ا‪ (7‬أ!‪5‬ء ر‪ /‬ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ (V Z‬ا&‪%‬ام ا‪ y0V%‬ا‪7‬دي‬ ‫رو&‪ 4‬آ وردت ‪ -‬ا‪%1‬ب ار& ا‪ $‬ر و ا‪m;d‬ع  ه*) ا‪ F ،yV‬ا&‪%‬ام‬ ‫أ& ب ا‪ 07%‬ا‪7%‬و ‪ -‬ا‪ >0% D‬ا‪ (0 D%‬وا‪.(V Z‬‬ ‫‪$‬ء ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ (V Z‬وا‪ ( D‬ا‪ (0 D%‬وا;‪ (70;  4m‬أدوات ارا&( > ‪i0:‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬ورة ا‪l%d‬ام ‪ - (D‬ا\‪0$  ( c‬س ا‪4‬رات ا‪ 2‬ق ‪ ،(0- 7‬و ‪ e0V‬ا‪0$‬س ‪M‬‬ ‫ ء ا‪ &j ( D%‬ع و‪ -‬و‪ ,‬وا‪% :‬ر·‪.2006/8/24‬‬ ‫‪$‬ء أ‪ -‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ (70; n06   i0: (0 D%‬ا  ا‪%‬ر وأه‪ s%0‬وأها‪ ، s-‬و‬ ‫أ ت ا‪V‬ت ‪ (&:‬ور‰( ‪ *025 -‬ا‪.( D%‬‬ ‫;‪ > S‬ا‪ - (7‬ا‪I‬رآ( ‪ -‬ا‪% -( D%‬ر‪ /‬ا‪ >0%7I‬ا‪ (0 D%‬وا‪   - (V Z‬وا‪:‬‬ ‫ا‪%‬را > ‪ 2006/8/27‬و‪ 2006/9/24 (q‬و *‪ h‬ا&‪ , q%‬ا‪ ( D%‬أر ‪ (7‬أ& ‪ ،F0‬در&‪,‬‬ ‫‪ 4mU‬ادة ا‪ (007%‬ا‪
#: /U F‬أ& ‪ .(7T M1 ً0‬و  ذ‪ - h‬ا‪ M#2‬ا‪9‬ول >‬ ‫ا‪7‬م ارا& ‪.2006/2005‬‬ ‫أ‪ T‬ف ا‪ 0&  i:‬ا‪%‬ر‪ /‬و‪ e0V‬ا‪07%‬ت ا اردة ‪ (VU -‬آ‪$ M‬ء ‪7%‬ون ‪F‬‬ ‫ا‪ (7‬و ة ار&(‪ ،‬وذ‪mU > h‬ل ‪ Z:‬ر ‪  7‬ا‪
#O‬و‪ e0V (7 %‬ا ‬ ‫ا‪%‬ر‪،‬و‪ $‬ا وا\ر‪T‬دات أ!‪5‬ء ‪ e0V‬ا‪
#O‬و ‪7‬ه‪.‬آ  ‪ Z:‬ر ‪  7‬ا‪
#O‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬ا‪ (7I‬ا‪j% (V Z‬آ > أ‪ 4‬رس ‪ ($ V‬ا‪0%d‬د( ‪ > - U‬ا‪Of‬ب أ& ب ر‪/‬‬ ‫ا‪ ( D‬ا‪  (0 D%‬ا‪ ( D‬ا‪.(V Z‬‬ ‫ إدة ‪0$ e0V‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ 7 (0- 7‬ا‪4%d‬ء > ا‪  T ( D%‬ة  ‪(50‬‬ ‫ارا&( ‪ -‬و‪ ,‬وا‪% :‬ر· ‪ ،2006/9/28‬و أ‪ T‬ف ا‪ 0&  sf25 i:‬ا‪%Ud‬ر‪.‬‬ ‫‪ n0O#‬ا&‪ D%‬ت ا‪0$  (V‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ (0- 7‬و‪ ³ 2‬ا‪ %5‬وا&‪%‬ام‬ ‫‪)M0O‬ا‪( q%‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ 5C‬ا‪ %I‬ك ‪%Ud‬ر د‪dd‬ت ا‪  2‬وق ‪ y& % >0‬أداء ا‪>0% D‬‬ ‫ا‪ (0 D%‬وا‪.(V Z‬‬

‫ ‪ 8‬ا‪$‬را‪%6‬‬ ‫‪f:  $‬ب ا‪V& %‬ت ا‪ (0 fO‬ا‪ ، (7‬وا‪ jV‬ا‪07‬ري ‪m7‬ت ا‪0$ - (V‬س ا‪4‬رات‬ ‫ ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ا‪7‬ي و‪ sdD‬ا‪mC‬ث)‪ (- 7‬ا‪ 0N5،(- 7‬ا‪ (D7،(- 7‬ا‪((- 7‬‬‫و‪ %5 n06    -‬ه*ا ا‪  M0O%‬آ‪D M‬ل > ‪dD‬ت ‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪- (0- 7‬‬ ‫ا ‪06‬ت‪:‬‬ ‫‪ "*# 8 .1‬ا‪ m8$‬ا‪83$‬ك ا‪b$ ( 3 ×2)0X$‬ل ‪ %,-‬ا‪*;$ %,-$‬س ا‪/$‬رات ‪,‬ق‬ ‫ا‪ %*,-$‬آ ‪ #+‬ا‪b$‬ول)‪:(3‬‬ ‫ا‪D‬ول )‪(3‬‬ ‫ا‪V& %‬ت ا‪ (0 fO‬ا‪ (7‬ا‪ (7‬وا‪VU9‬ء ا‪07‬ر( ر‪c‬ت أداء ا‪D  (V‬ل‬ ‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫‪ (- 7‬ا‪9 (- 7‬داة ‪0‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - - 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪Sf:‬‬ ‫ا‪ ( D‬وا‪ %f‬ى ا‪0#O%‬‬

‫‪y& %‬‬ ‫‪7‬ل‬ ‫‪72.32‬‬

‫‪jVU‬‬ ‫‪07‬ري‬ ‫‪2.81‬‬

‫‪y& %‬‬ ‫‪7‬ل‬ ‫‪59.218‬‬

‫‪jVU‬‬ ‫‪07‬ري‬ ‫‪2.820‬‬

‫ا‪9‬داء ا‪ %f 1‬ى‬ ‫ا‪M0#O%‬‬ ‫‪jVU‬‬ ‫‪y& %‬‬ ‫‪07‬ري‬ ‫‪7‬ل‬ ‫‪2.00‬‬ ‫‪65.769‬‬

‫ا‪( D‬‬

‫‪y& %‬‬

‫‪75.74‬‬

‫‪2.04‬‬

‫‪57.61‬‬

‫‪2.039‬‬

‫‪66.677‬‬

‫‪1.455‬‬

‫ ‪F2‬‬

‫‪82.068‬‬

‫‪2.909‬‬

‫‪71.534‬‬

‫‪2.916‬‬

‫‪76.801‬‬

‫‪2.136‬‬

‫ا‪9‬داء ا‪1‬‬ ‫‪( D‬‬

‫‪76.710‬‬

‫‪1.484‬‬

‫‪62.789‬‬

‫‪1.485‬‬

‫‪69.749‬‬

‫‪1.051‬‬

‫‪ %f‬ى‬ ‫ا‪M0#O%‬‬ ‫‪%‬ن‬

‫ا‪ ( D‬ا‪(V Z‬‬

‫ا‪ ( D‬ا‪(0 D%‬‬

‫‪ % 0I‬ا‪ - (50‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (3‬إ ‪ >fO‬أداء ا‪]) (V‬ه ً(  ‪D‬ل ‪ (- 7‬ا‪0$ - (- 7‬س‬ ‫ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ (D0% (0- 7‬ر‪%& 4f‬ام ا  ا‪%‬ر ا‪  %$‬ح ا‪   $‬ذج ا‪MO‬‬ ‫ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت‪ ،‬آ ‪ 0I‬ا‪ %5‬ا‪ - (50‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (3‬إ ا‪m%U‬ف ا‪V& %‬ت ا‪ (7‬ا‪(7‬‬ ‫)]ه ً( ‪ >0‬ا‪ >0% D‬ا‪ (0 D%‬وا‪(V Z‬؛ ‪ ¡:m i0:‬أن ‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ -9‬اد‬ ‫ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ (0 D%‬ا‪ 40 e; %‬ا  ا‪%‬ر آن )‪ >0: - (76.710‬أن ‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي‬ ‫ا‪7‬ل ‪  -9‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ (V Z‬ا‪ 40 eV  %‬ا  ا‪%‬ر آن )‪ (62.789‬أي ‪  2‬ق‬ ‫‪$‬ار))‪ ، (13.921‬و‪%Ud‬ر أ! ا  ا‪%‬ر‪ ،‬و ا‪ %f >0 M2%‬ى ا‪ M0#O%‬وا ‬ ‫ا‪%‬ر‪ (05 - ،‬ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪D (0- 7‬ل ‪ (- 7‬ا‪ ،(- 7‬م ا‪ cv i:‬اء ‪)M0O‬ا‪( q%‬‬ ‫ا‪ >%‬ا‪ 5C‬ا‪ %I‬ك)‪m7 (Tow-Way ANCOVA)(3×2‬ـت ا‪V‬ـ(  ‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق‬ ‫ا‪D (0- 7‬ل ‪ (- 7‬ا‪ (- 7‬؛ وذ‪% h‬ر ‪m‬ت ا‪0$ - (V‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪D (0- 7‬ل‬ ‫‪ (- 7‬ا‪ (- 7‬ا‪ً 0q% $‬ا ‪ %I‬آً و ‪ n6‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (4‬د‪dd‬ت ‪
O-‬ا‪ 2‬وق ‪ D >0‬ت ا‪$‬ر(‬ ‫& ‪ ($‬ا*آ )ا‪ %f ،( D‬ى ا‪ ،M0#O%‬ا‪.(450 M2%‬‬ ‫ا‪D‬ول)‪(4‬‬ ‫‪)M0O‬ا‪( q%‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ 5C‬ا‪ %I‬ك)‪ 0q% >0 ( 3 ×2‬ي ‪ %f‬ى ا‪ M0#O%‬وا‪ - ( D‬ا‪9‬داء‬ ‫ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل  ‪D‬ل ‪ (- 7‬ا‪0$ (- 7‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق‬ ‫ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت‬ ‫‪#‬ر ا‪>%‬‬ ‫ا‪ 0q%‬ا‪$‬‬ ‫ا‪( D‬‬

‫در‪c‬ت‬ ‫ا‪( O‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪y& %‬‬ ‫ا ‪7‬ت‬ ‫‪16.139‬‬ ‫‪3800.664‬‬

‫‪ (0‬ف‬ ‫‪0.187‬‬ ‫‪44.078‬‬

‫ا‪(d‬‬ ‫ا\‪(0#:‬‬ ‫‪0.666‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬

‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪M0#O%‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪ × M0#O%‬ا‪( D‬‬ ‫ا‪jV‬‬ ‫ا‪1‬‬

‫‪735.141‬‬ ‫‪115.928‬‬ ‫‪86.225‬‬

‫‪8.526‬‬ ‫‪1.334‬‬

‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.267‬‬

‫‪ % 0I‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (4‬إ و‪ c‬د أ!  ذي د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى )‪ 0q% (0.05=α‬‬ ‫ا  ا‪%‬ر ‪"(0 ,q i0: ،‬ف" ا‪ M0O > (D5‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ %I‬ك ا‪ 0q% 5C‬ا‪( D‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(44.078‬وه*) ا‪%: (V  (0$‬ل ‪f‬وي"‪ "0.000‬؛ أي إن ه‪5‬ك ‪ -‬ق ذو د‪ (d‬إ‪5 (0#:‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪ y& % >0 (0.05=α) (d‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ -9‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ ، (0 D%‬و‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء‬ ‫ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ -9‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪0$  (V Z‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪D‬ل‬ ‫‪ (- 7‬ا‪ ،(- 7‬و  ‪ c‬ع إ ه*) ا‪V& %‬ت ‪ -‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ ¡:m (3‬أن ه*ا ا‪ 2‬ق ‪ n#‬أداء‬ ‫ا‪ ( D‬ا‪.(0 D%‬‬ ‫ ‪ % 0I >0:‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (4‬إ م و‪ c‬د أ!  ذي د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى‬‫ا‪ %f >0 M2% (0.05=α)(d‬ى ا‪ M0#O%‬وا‪ (0 ,q i0: ، ( D‬ا‪%U‬ر"ف" ا‪> (D5‬‬ ‫‪ M0O‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ %I‬ك ا‪ (1.334) 5C‬وه*) ا‪%: (V  (0$‬ل ‪f‬وي)‪ ،(0.267‬وه ‪0‰ (0‬‬ ‫دا( إ‪ %f 5 ً0#:‬ى ا‪ (0.05=α)(d‬؛ ‪ 57‬أ‪ c  d s‬أ! ذي د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى‬ ‫ا‪ %f 0q% >0 M2% (0.05=α)(d‬ى ا‪ - M0#O%‬ا ‪06‬ت وا‪ e0V - ( D‬ا ‬ ‫ا‪%‬ر  ‪D‬ل ‪ (- 7‬ا‪0$ - (- 7‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت‪.‬‬ ‫‪ "*# 8 .2‬ا‪ m8$‬ا‪83$‬ك ا‪b$ ( 3 ×2)0X$‬ل ‪ *h0‬ا‪*;$ %,-$‬س ا‪/$‬رات ‪,‬ق‬ ‫ا‪ , %*,-$‬ا‪*+$‬ت ‪ ،‬آ ‪ #+‬ا‪b$‬ول)‪:(5‬‬ ‫ا‪D‬ول )‪(5‬‬ ‫ا‪V& %‬ت ا‪ (0 fO‬ا‪ (7‬ا‪ (7‬وا‪VU9‬ء ا‪07‬ر( ر‪c‬ت أداء ا‪D  (V‬ل ‪ 0N5‬ا‪- (- 7‬‬ ‫‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪Sf:‬‬ ‫ا‪ ( D‬وا‪ %f‬ى ا‪0#O%‬‬ ‫ا‪( D‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى‬

‫ا‪ ( D‬ا‪(0 D%‬‬

‫ا‪ ( D‬ا‪(V Z‬‬

‫ا‪M0#O%‬‬

‫‪%‬ن‬ ‫‪y& %‬‬ ‫ ‪F2‬‬ ‫ا‪9‬داء ا‪1‬‬ ‫‪( D‬‬

‫‪y& %‬‬ ‫‪7‬ل‬ ‫‪87.46‬‬ ‫‪87.627‬‬ ‫‪94.560‬‬ ‫‪89.884‬‬

‫‪jVU‬‬ ‫‪07‬ري‬ ‫‪3.628‬‬ ‫‪2.638‬‬ ‫‪3.694‬‬ ‫‪1.914‬‬

‫‪y& %‬‬ ‫‪7‬ل‬ ‫‪73.33‬‬ ‫‪73.861‬‬ ‫‪86.167‬‬ ‫‪77.786‬‬

‫‪jVU‬‬ ‫‪07‬ري‬ ‫‪3.647‬‬ ‫‪2.640‬‬ ‫‪3.859‬‬ ‫‪1.922‬‬

‫ا‪9‬داء ا‪ %f 1‬ى‬ ‫ا‪M0#O%‬‬ ‫‪jVU‬‬ ‫‪y& %‬‬ ‫‪07‬ري‬ ‫‪7‬ل‬ ‫‪2.587‬‬ ‫‪80.397‬‬ ‫‪1.882‬‬ ‫‪80.744‬‬ ‫‪2.765‬‬ ‫‪90.364‬‬ ‫‪1.357 83.835‬‬

‫‪ % 0I‬ا‪ - (50‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (5‬إ ‪ >fO‬أداء ا‪])(V‬ه ً(  ‪D‬ل ‪ 0N5‬ا‪- (- 7‬‬ ‫‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ (D0% (0- 7‬ر‪%& 4f‬ام ا  ا‪%‬ر ا‪ %$‬ح ا‪   $‬ذج ا‪MO‬‬ ‫ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت‪ ،‬آ ‪ 0I‬ا‪ %5‬ا‪ - (50‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (5‬إ ا‪m%U‬ف ا‪V& %‬ت ا‪ (7‬ا‪(7‬‬ ‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫‪ >0% D‬ا‪ (0 D%‬وا‪ ¡:m i0: ،(V Z‬أن ‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ -9‬اد ا‪( D‬‬ ‫ا‪ (0 D%‬ا‪ 40 e; %‬ا  ا‪%‬ر آن)‪ >0: - (89.884‬أن ‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل‬ ‫‪ -9‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ (V Z‬ا‪ 40 eV  %‬ا  ا‪%‬ر آن )‪ (77.786‬أي ‪ 2‬ق‬ ‫‪$‬ار))‪ ، (12.098‬و‪%Ud‬ر أ! ا  ا‪%‬ر‪ ،‬و ا‪ %f >0 M2%‬ى ا‪ M0#O%‬وا ‬ ‫ا‪%‬ر‪ (05 - ،‬ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪D (0- 7‬ل ‪ 0N5‬ا‪ ،(- 7‬م ا‪ cv i:‬اء ‪)M0O‬ا‪( q%‬ا‪>%‬‬ ‫ا‪ 5C‬ا‪ %I‬ك)‪ m7 (Tow-Way ANCOVA) (3×2‬ـت ا‪0$   (V‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق‬ ‫ا‪D (0- 7‬ل ‪ 0N5‬ا‪ (- 7‬؛ وذ‪% h‬ر ‪m‬ت ا‪0$  (V‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪D (0- 7‬ل‬ ‫‪ 0N5‬ا‪ (- 7‬ا‪ً 0q% $‬ا ‪ %I‬آ‪ ،‬و ‪ n6‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (6‬د‪dd‬ت ‪
O-‬ا‪ 2‬وق ‪ D >0‬ت ا‪$‬ر(‬ ‫& ‪ ($‬ا*آ )ا‪ %f ،( D‬ى ا‪ ،M0#O%‬ا‪.(450 M2%‬‬ ‫ا‪D‬ول)‪(6‬‬ ‫‪)M0O‬ا‪( q%‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ 5C‬ا‪ %I‬ك)‪ 0q% >0 ( 3 ×2‬ي ‪ %f‬ى ا‪ - M0#O%‬ا ‪06‬ت‬ ‫وا‪ - ( D‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل  ‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪D‬ل ‪0N5‬‬ ‫ا‪(- 7‬‬ ‫‪#‬ر ا‪>%‬‬

‫در‪c‬ت‬ ‫ا‪( O‬‬

‫‪ y& %‬ا ‪7‬ت‬

‫‪ (0‬ف‬

‫ا‪(d‬‬ ‫ا\‪(0#:‬‬

‫ا‪ 0q%‬ا‪$‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪9.603‬‬

‫‪0.067‬‬

‫‪0.797‬‬

‫ا‪( D‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2863.696‬‬

‫‪19.927‬‬

‫‪0.000‬‬

‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪M0#O%‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪632.088‬‬

‫‪4.398‬‬

‫‪0.015‬‬

‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪ × M0#O%‬ا‪( D‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪61.377‬‬

‫‪0.427‬‬

‫‪0.654‬‬

‫ا‪jV‬‬

‫‪79‬‬

‫‪143.712‬‬

‫ا‪1‬‬

‫‪85‬‬

‫‪ % 0I‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (6‬إ و‪ c‬د أ!  ذي د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى)‪0q% (0.05=α‬‬ ‫ا  ا‪%‬ر ‪"(0 ,q i0: ،‬ف" ا‪ M0O > (D5‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ %I‬ك ا‪ 0q% 5C‬ا‪( D‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(19.927‬وه*) ا‪%: (V  (0$‬ل ‪f‬وي"‪ "0.000‬؛ أي إن ه‪5‬ك ‪ -‬ق ذو د‪ (d‬إ‪5 (0#:‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪ y& % >0 (0.05=α) (d‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ -9‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ ، (0 D%‬و‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء‬ ‫ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ -9‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪0$  (V Z‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪D‬ل‬ ‫‪ 0N5‬ا‪ ،(- 7‬و  ‪ c‬ع إ ه*) ا‪V& %‬ت ‪ -‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ ¡:m (5‬أن ه*ا ا‪  2‬ق ‪ n#‬أداء‬ ‫ا‪ ( D‬ا‪.(0 D%‬‬ ‫ ‪ % 0I >0:‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (6‬إ م و‪ c‬د أ! ذي د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى‬‫ا‪ %f >0 M2% (0.05=α)(d‬ى ا‪ M0#O%‬وا‪ (0 ,q i0: ، ( D‬ا‪%U‬ر"ف" ا‪> (D5‬‬ ‫‪ M0O‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ %I‬ك ا‪ (0.427) 5C‬وه*) ا‪%: (V  (0$‬ل ‪f‬وي )‪ ،(0.654‬وه ‪0‰ (0‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫دا( إ‪ %f 5 ً0#:‬ى ا‪ (0.05=α)(d‬؛ ‪ 57‬أ‪ c  d s‬أ! ذي د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى‬ ‫ا‪ %f 0q% >0 M2% (0.05=α)(d‬ى ا‪ - M0#O%‬ا ‪06‬ت وا‪ e0V - ( D‬ا ‬ ‫ا‪%‬ر  ‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪D‬ل ‪ 0N5‬ا‪.(- 7‬‬ ‫‪ "*# 8 .3‬ا‪ m8$‬ا‪83$‬ك ا‪b$ ( 3 ×2)0X$‬ل ‪ %V-‬ا‪*;$ %,-$‬س ا‪/$‬رات ‪,‬ق ا‪%*,-$‬‬ ‫‪ ,‬ا‪*+$‬ت ‪ ،‬آ ‪ #+‬ا‪b$‬ول)‪(7‬‬ ‫ا‪D‬ول )‪(7‬‬ ‫ا‪V& %‬ت ا‪ (0 fO‬ا‪ (7‬ا‪ (7‬وا‪VU9‬ء ا‪07‬ر( ر‪c‬ت أداء ا‪D  (V‬ل ‪ (D7‬ا‪(- 7‬‬ ‫‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - - 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪ Sf:‬ا‪( D‬‬ ‫وا‪ %f‬ى ا‪ - 0#O%‬ا ‪06‬ت‬ ‫ا‪ ( D‬ا‪(0 D%‬‬

‫ا ‪( D‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى‬

‫‪7 y& %‬ل‬

‫‪jVU‬‬ ‫‪07‬ري‬ ‫‪2.284‬‬

‫ا‪9‬داء ا‪ %f 1‬ى‬ ‫ا‪M0#O%‬‬ ‫‪jVU‬‬ ‫‪7 y& %‬ل‬ ‫‪07‬ري‬ ‫‪1.612‬‬ ‫‪31.897‬‬

‫ا‪ ( D‬ا‪(V Z‬‬

‫‪34.238‬‬

‫‪1.166‬‬ ‫‪1.613‬‬ ‫‪0.853‬‬

‫ا‪M0#O%‬‬

‫‪%‬ن‬

‫‪y& %‬‬ ‫‪7‬ل‬ ‫‪34.806‬‬

‫‪jVU‬‬ ‫‪07‬ري‬ ‫‪2.279‬‬

‫‪28.988‬‬

‫‪y& %‬‬

‫‪39.127‬‬

‫‪1.650‬‬

‫‪29.349‬‬

‫‪1.615‬‬

‫ ‪F2‬‬

‫‪41.779‬‬

‫‪2.279‬‬

‫‪32.608‬‬

‫‪2.280‬‬

‫‪37.194‬‬

‫ا‪9‬داء ا‪( D 1‬‬

‫‪38.571‬‬

‫‪1.208‬‬

‫‪30.315‬‬

‫‪1.208‬‬

‫‪34.443‬‬

‫‪ 0I‬ا‪ %5‬ا‪ - (50‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (7‬إ ا‪m%U‬ف ا‪V& %‬ت ا‪ (7‬ا‪>0% D (7‬‬ ‫ا‪ (0 D%‬وا‪ ¡:m i0: ،(V Z‬أن ‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ -9‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ (0 D%‬ا‪e; %‬‬ ‫‪ 40‬ا  ا‪%‬ر آن )‪ >0: - (38.571‬أن ‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪  -9‬اد ا‪( D‬‬ ‫ا‪ (V Z‬ا‪ 40 eV  %‬ا  ا‪%‬ر آن )‪ ، (30.315‬آ ‪ 0I‬ا‪ %5‬إ ا‪m%U‬ف‬ ‫ن ‪ ¡:m i0: ،( F2  ،y& % ،‬أن ‪y& %‬‬ ‫ا‪V& %‬ت ا‪ (7‬ا‪ %f 0q% (7‬ى ا‪ٍ %) M0#O%‬‬ ‫ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ %f‬ى ‪ %‬ا‪ M0#O%‬آن )‪ ،(31.897‬و‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ‪ %f‬ى ‪y& %‬‬ ‫ا‪ M0#O%‬آن)‪ >0: - ،(34.238‬أن ‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ 72  (V‬ا‪ M0#O%‬آن‬ ‫)‪،(37.194‬و‪%Ud‬ر أ! ا  ا‪%‬ر‪ ،‬و ا‪ %f >0 M2%‬ى ا‪ ، M0#O%‬وا  ا‪%‬ر‪- ،‬‬ ‫‪ (05‬ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪D (0- 7‬ل ‪ (D7‬ا‪ ،(- 7‬م ا‪ cv i:‬اء ‪)M0O‬ا‪( q%‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪5C‬‬ ‫ا‪ %I‬ك)‪m7 (Tow-Way ANCOVA) (3×2‬ت ا‪0$   (V‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪(0- 7‬‬ ‫‪D‬ل ‪ (D7‬ا‪ (- 7‬؛ وذ‪% h‬ر ‪m‬ت ا‪0$ - (V‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪D (0- 7‬ل ‪(D7‬‬ ‫ا‪ (- 7‬ا‪ 0q% $‬ا ‪ %I‬آ‪ ،‬و ‪ n6‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (8‬د‪dd‬ت ‪
O-‬ا‪ 2‬وق ‪ D >0‬ت ا‪$‬ر(‬ ‫& ‪ ($‬ا*آ )ا‪ %f ،( D‬ى ا‪ ،M0#O%‬ا‪.(450 M2%‬‬ ‫ا‪D‬ول)‪(8‬‬ ‫‪)M0O‬ا‪( q%‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ 5C‬ا‪ %I‬ك)‪ 0q% >0 ( 3 ×2‬ي ‪ %f‬ى ا‪ M0#O%‬وا‪ - ( D‬ا‪9‬داء‬ ‫ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل  ‪D‬ل ‪ (D7‬ا‪0$ (- 7‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق‬ ‫ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت‬ ‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫‪#‬ر ا‪>%‬‬ ‫ا‪ 0q%‬ا‪$‬‬ ‫ا‪( D‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪M0#O%‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪ × M0#O%‬ا‪( D‬‬ ‫ا‪jV‬‬ ‫ا‪1‬‬

‫در‪c‬ت‬ ‫ا‪( O‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬

‫‪ y& %‬ا ‪7‬ت‬ ‫‪544.708‬‬ ‫‪1329.720‬‬ ‫‪154.686‬‬ ‫‪29.438‬‬ ‫‪57.070‬‬

‫‪ (0‬ف‬ ‫‪9.545‬‬ ‫‪23.300‬‬ ‫‪2.710‬‬ ‫‪0.516‬‬

‫ا‪(d‬‬ ‫ا\‪(0#:‬‬ ‫‪0.003‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.073‬‬ ‫‪0.599‬‬

‫‪ % 0I‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (8‬إ و‪ c‬د أ!  ذي د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى)‪0q% (0.05=α‬‬ ‫ا  ا‪%‬ر ‪"(0 ,q i0: ،‬ف" ا‪ M0O > (D5‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ %I‬ك ا‪ 0q% 5C‬ا‪( D‬‬ ‫)‪ ، (0.05=α‬وه*) ا‪%: (V  (0$‬ل ‪f‬وي"‪ "0.000‬؛ أي إن ه‪5‬ك ‪ -‬ق ذو د‪ (d‬إ‪5 (0#:‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪ y& % >0 (0.05=α) (d‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ -9‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ ، (0 D%‬و‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء‬ ‫ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ -9‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪0$  (V Z‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪D‬ل‬ ‫)‪ (D7‬ا‪ ،((- 7‬و  ‪ c‬ع إ ه*) ا‪V& %‬ت ‪ -‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ ¡:m (7‬أن ه*ا ا‪ 2‬ق ‪ n#‬أداء‬ ‫ا‪ ( D‬ا‪.(0 D%‬‬ ‫ ‪ % 0I >0:‬ا‪D‬ول)‪ (8‬إ م و‪ c‬د أ! ذي د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى‬‫ا‪ %f >0 M2% (0.05=α)(d‬ى ا‪ M0#O%‬وا‪ (0 ,q i0: ، ( D‬ا‪%U‬ر"ف" ا‪> (D5‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(0.599‬وه ‪(0‬‬ ‫‪ M0O‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ %I‬ك ا‪ (0.516) 5C‬وه*) ا‪%: (V  (0$‬ل ‪f‬وي‬ ‫‰‪ 0‬دا( إ‪ %f 5 ً0#:‬ى ا‪ (0.05=α)(d‬؛ ‪ 57‬أ‪ c  d s‬أ! ذي د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى‬ ‫ا‪ %f 0q% >0 M2% (0.05=α)(d‬ى ا‪ - M0#O%‬ا ‪06‬ت وا‪ e0V - ( D‬ا ‬ ‫ا‪%‬ر  ‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪ -‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪D‬ل ‪ (- 7‬ا‪.(- 7‬‬ ‫‪ "*# 8 .4‬ا‪ m8$‬ا‪83$‬ك ا‪*;$ (3×2) 0X$‬س ا‪/$‬رات ‪,‬ق ا‪ , %*,-$‬ا‪*v+$‬ت)ا‪$‬ر‪%vV‬‬ ‫ا‪ ، (%*2$‬آ ‪ #+‬ا‪b$‬ول )‪:(9‬‬ ‫ا‪D‬ول )‪(9‬‬ ‫ا‪V& %‬ت ا‪ (0 fO‬ا‪ (7‬ا‪ (7‬وا‪VU9‬ء ا‪07‬ر( ر‪c‬ت أداء ا‪0$  (V‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق‬ ‫ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت )ار‪ (c‬ا‪ Sf: ((01‬ا‪ ( D‬وا‪ %f‬ى‬ ‫ا‪ - 0#O%‬ا ‪06‬ت‬ ‫‪7 y& %‬ل‬

‫‪jVU‬‬ ‫‪07‬ري‬

‫‪7 y& %‬ل‬

‫‪jVU‬‬ ‫‪07‬ري‬

‫ا‪9‬داء ا‪ %f 1‬ى‬ ‫ا‪M0#O%‬‬ ‫‪jVU‬‬ ‫‪7 y& %‬ل‬ ‫‪07‬ري‬

‫ا‪ ( D‬ا‪(0 D%‬‬

‫‪%‬‬

‫‪195.762‬‬

‫‪6.055‬‬

‫‪162.625‬‬

‫‪6.107‬‬

‫‪179.194‬‬

‫‪4.330‬‬

‫‪y& %‬‬

‫‪203.627‬‬

‫‪4.395‬‬

‫‪161.638‬‬

‫‪4.414‬‬

‫‪182.632‬‬

‫‪3.141‬‬

‫ا‪( D‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى‬

‫ا‪ ( D‬ا‪(V Z‬‬

‫ا‪M0#O%‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫ ‪F2‬‬

‫‪215.854‬‬

‫‪6.236‬‬

‫‪186.890‬‬

‫‪6.400‬‬

‫‪201.372‬‬

‫‪4.654‬‬

‫ا‪9‬داء ا‪1‬‬ ‫‪( D‬‬

‫‪205.081‬‬

‫‪3.199‬‬

‫‪170.384‬‬

‫‪3.199‬‬

‫‪187.733‬‬

‫‪2.265‬‬

‫‪ 0I‬ا‪ %5‬ا‪ - (50‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (9‬إ ا‪m%U‬ف ا‪V& %‬ت ا‪ (7‬ا‪>0% D (7‬‬ ‫ا‪ (0 D%‬وا‪ ¡:m i0: ،(V Z‬أن ‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ -9‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ (0 D%‬ا‪e; %‬‬ ‫‪ 40‬ا  ا‪%‬ر آن )‪ >0: - (205.081‬أن ‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ -9‬اد ا‪( D‬‬ ‫ا‪ (V Z‬ا‪ 40 eV  %‬ا  ا‪%‬ر آن )‪ (170.384‬و ‪ n6‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (10‬د‪dd‬ت‬ ‫‪
O‬ا‪ 2‬وق ‪ D >0‬ت ا‪$‬ر( & ‪ ($‬ا*آ )ا‪ %f ،( D‬ى ا‪ ،M0#O%‬ا‪.(450 M2%‬‬‫ا‪D‬ول)‪(10‬‬ ‫‪)M0O‬ا‪( q%‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ 5C‬ا‪ %I‬ك)‪ 0q% ( 3 ×2‬ا‪ %f >0 M2%‬ى ا‪ M0#O%‬وا‪( D‬‬ ‫ ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل  ‪0$‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت‬‫)ار‪ (c‬ا‪((01‬‬ ‫ا‪(d‬‬ ‫‪ (0‬ف‬ ‫‪y& %‬‬ ‫در‪c‬ت‬ ‫‪#‬ر ا‪>%‬‬ ‫ا\‪(0#:‬‬ ‫ا ‪7‬ت‬ ‫ا‪( O‬‬ ‫‪0.162‬‬ ‫‪1.989‬‬ ‫‪795.830‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ا‪ 0q%‬ا‪$‬‬ ‫‪0.000 59.014 23611.711‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ا‪( D‬‬ ‫‪0.002‬‬ ‫‪6.643‬‬ ‫‪2675.805‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪M0#O%‬‬ ‫‪0.427‬‬ ‫‪0.861‬‬ ‫‪344.643‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪ × M0#O%‬ا‪( D‬‬ ‫‪400.105‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬ ‫ا‪jV‬‬ ‫‪ % 0I‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (10‬إ و‪ c‬د أ!  ذي د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى)‪ 0q% (0.05=α‬‬ ‫ا  ا‪%‬ر ‪"(0 ,q i0: ،‬ف" ا‪ M0O > (D5‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ %I‬ك ا‪ 0q% 5C‬ا‪( D‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(59.014‬وه*) ا‪%: (V  (0$‬ل ‪f‬وي"‪ "0.000‬؛ أي إن ه‪5‬ك ‪ -‬ق ذو د‪ (d‬إ‪5 (0#:‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪ y& % >0 (0.05=α) (d‬ا‪9‬داء ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ -9‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪ ، (0 D%‬و‪ y& %‬ا‪9‬داء‬ ‫ا‪7‬ي ا‪7‬ل ‪ -9‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪0$  (V Z‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت )ار‪(c‬‬ ‫ا‪ ،((01‬و  ‪ c‬ع إ ه*) ا‪V& %‬ت ‪ -‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ ¡:m (9‬أن ه*ا ا‪ 2‬ق ‪ n#‬أداء ا‪( D‬‬ ‫ا‪.(0 D%‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫ ‪ % 0I >0:‬ا‪D‬ول )‪ (10‬إ م و‪ c‬د أ! ذي د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى‬‫ا‪ %f >0 M2% (0.05=α)(d‬ى ا‪ M0#O%‬وا‪ (0 ,q i0: ، ( D‬ا‪%U‬ر"ف" ا‪> (D5‬‬ ‫‪ M0O‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ %I‬ك ا‪ (0.861) 5C‬وه*) ا‪%: (V  (0$‬ل ‪f‬وي )‪ ،(0.427‬وه ‪0‰ (0‬‬ ‫دا( إ‪ %f 5 ً0#:‬ى ا‪ (0.05=α)(d‬؛ ‪ 57‬أ‪ c  d s‬أ! ذي د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى‬ ‫ا‪ %f 0q% >0 M2% (0.05=α)(d‬ى ا‪ - M0#O%‬ا ‪06‬ت وا‪ e0V - ( D‬ا ‬ ‫ا‪%‬ر  ار‪ (c‬ا‪0$ (01‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪ -‬ا ‪06‬ت ‪.‬‬ ‫و ‪ً 5‬ء   &‪ ّ  $- e‬ر‪  -‬ا‪ (06 2‬ا‪ ( 2#‬ا‪9‬و > ‪06 -‬ت ارا&( وا‪
5 %‬‬ ‫" ‪ - c  d‬وق ذات د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى ا‪ y& % >0 (0.05=α)(d‬أداء ;( ا‪ G#‬ا‪F&%‬‬ ‫ا*> ‪ 6 7‬ا   ر    ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت‪ ،‬و ‪ y& %‬أداء ا‪/2 > (V‬‬ ‫ا‪ %f‬ى ا*>  ‪ 6 7%‬ا ‪%‬ر‪ ، S‬وذ‪0$  h‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ (0- 7‬و ‪ sdD‬ا‪mC‬ث)‪(- 7‬‬ ‫ا‪ 0N5 ،(- 7‬ا‪ (D7 ،(- 7‬ا‪l7 ((- 7‬ى   ا‪%‬ر؟ "‪.‬‬ ‫آ   ل ا‪ (06 2‬ا‪ ( 2#‬ا‪06 - > (0C‬ت ارا&( وا‪ - c  d " 
5 %‬وق ذات‬ ‫د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى ا‪ - (0.05=α)(d‬أداء ا‪0$  (V‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ (0- 7‬و‬ ‫‪ sdD‬ا‪ (- 7)(!mC‬ا‪ 0N5 ،(- 7‬ا‪ (D7 ،(- 7‬ا‪l7 ((- 7‬ى ‪ 0q% >0 M2%‬ي ا‪( D‬‬ ‫وا‪ %f‬ى ا‪0#O%‬؟ "‪.‬‬ ‫‪ %p1:‬ا‪80$‬‬ ‫‪ - c  .1‬ق ذو د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى)‪ y& % >0 (0.05 =α‬أداء ;( ا‪ G#‬ا‪ F&%‬ا*>‬ ‫‪ 6 7‬ا   ر    ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت‪ ،CPS‬و‪ y& %‬أداء ا‪(V‬‬ ‫> ‪ /2‬ا‪ %f‬ى ا*>  ‪ 6 7%‬ا ‪%‬ر‪ ،S‬وذ‪  h‬أداة ‪0‬س ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪- (0- 7‬‬ ‫ا ‪06‬ت و ‪ sdD‬ا‪ (- 7)(!mC‬ا‪ 0N5،(- 7‬ا‪ (D7 ،(- 7‬ا‪ ((- 7‬و‪ n#‬ا‪(V‬‬ ‫ا*> ‪ 6 7‬ا   ا‪%‬ر‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - c  d .2‬وق ذات د‪ (d‬إ‪ %f 5 (0#:‬ى)‪ - (0.05 =α‬أداء ا‪0$  (V‬س ا‪4‬رات‬ ‫ ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت و ‪ 4dD‬ا‪ (- 7) (!mC‬ا‪ 0N5 ،(- 7‬ا‪(D7 ،(- 7‬‬‫ا‪l7 ((- 7‬ى ‪ 0q%‬ا‪ >0 M2%‬ا‪ ( D‬و‪ %f‬ى ا‪ M0#O%‬ا‪ - e f‬ا ‪06‬ت‪.‬‬ ‫‪ %30‬ا‪:80$‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬أ‪ vv‬ا‪ vv $‬ا‪vv8$‬ر ‪ %vv*0 vv,‬ا‪vv/$‬رات ‪vv,‬ق ا‪ vv, %vv*,-$‬ا‪*vv+$‬ت و‪vv/b‬‬ ‫ا‪$ %1X$‬ى *‪ %( m %0‬ا‪ ’s$‬ا‪ U68$‬ا‪:665‬‬ ‫‪   $‬ت ه*) ا‪ > %5‬و‪ c‬د أ!    ا‪   $‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت‬ ‫)‪ (05 - ،(CPS‬ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت ى ‪ (; > (50‬ا‪ G#‬ا‪ F&%‬ا‪ &&9‬؛‬ ‫  ‪ n6‬أه‪ (0‬ا  ا‪%‬ر ا*ي ا&‪%‬م ‪ -‬ه*) ارا&( ‪ (05 -‬ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪- (0- 7‬‬ ‫ا ‪06‬ت و‪ -‬و‪ s‬ا‪mC‬ث‪ ،‬ى ا‪ (V‬ا*> ‪ 6 7‬ا ‪ > s‬أ‪ -‬اد ا‪ ( D‬ا‪.(0 D%‬‬ ‫و ‪ 1‬ن  د ه*) ا‪ %5‬ا\‪ (0 D‬ا‪ ,#U %‬إ‪ 40‬ارا&( إ ;‪  (70‬ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا‬ ‫‪m1I‬ت وى ارط ‪ s 1‬وأ‪ s%VI‬ا‪  7 (2%‬ا‪4‬رات ا‪ (0$7‬ا‪  %‬آ‪0$ l‬س ا‪4‬رات‬ ‫ ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت  ‪ ، 4&0‬وا‪ 7 %‬ض ‪ 4‬ا‪mU > (V‬ل ا  ا‪%‬ر ا‪%f‬م‬‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫ ه*) ارا&(‪ .‬آ أن ر‪ S‬ا‪ (I5  (V‬ا‪m1I‬ت ا ‪ (06‬ا‪ - ,5 6 %‬ا ‬‫ا‪%‬ر ‪ ، (Z02%f ($ V‬و إدة ‪ (q 4%‰0g‬ا‪ SV‬ا‪ ،(g‬و‪O‬و( ر&  ‪7 9 O06‬د‬ ‫ا‪ ،(1I‬ور ‪ > 4  4V‬أ‪1-‬ر وا‪ iO‬وا‪ > S0$5%‬ا‪0‬ت وا‪ 7‬ت ‪mU > ،‬ل ا‪ 7‬دة إ‬ ‫‪#‬در ‪ )( 5%‬اءة ا‪%1‬ب ا‪ $‬ر‪x& ،‬ال ا‪ S; ،7‬ا‪f‬ة > ا‪ml‬ء(‪ ،‬ا‪ 9‬ا*ي  &‬ ‫ا‪  (V‬إدراك ا‪
#‬ا‪ %I‬آ( ‪ >0‬ا‪7‬رف وا‪ 7‬ت ‪ ،‬و‪ 40O‬و‪ ،4205#‬و‪ O‬أو‪sc‬‬ ‫ا‪ sI‬وا‪m%Ud‬ف ‪ ،450‬و‪$‬ر‪ 7 4%‬ت وا‪1-9‬ر ا‪ 41% %‬ا‪  ،SV‬زاد > در‪00$ (c‬‬ ‫ا‪ - (V‬ا‪ ( D‬ا‪4 (0 D%‬ر‪ - 4‬ق ا‪ .(0- 7‬وه*ا  أ‪T‬رت إ‪ (0‬درا&()‪.(xlviii،xlvii‬‬ ‫و> ا‪&9‬ب ا‪ > %‬ا‪ M%O‬أ‪ 4‬أدت إ ه*) ا‪ (D0%5‬أن إ‪ c‬اءات ا‪%‬ر‪ /‬و‪ e-‬ا ‬ ‫ا‪%‬ر ا‪ %‬و‪  -‬ت ‪7% ً g -‬دة و‪ ( 5%‬ر&( أ‪ - (2% (VI‬ر&( ‪4‬رات ا‪ 012%‬‬ ‫ا‪ ( 5%‬ذات ا‪4 (m7‬رات ا‪ - 012%‬ق ا‪ Fc :MC (0- 7‬ا‪0‬ت وا‪1-9‬ر‪ ،‬و‪ 40O‬و‪F 4%I5‬‬ ‫أ‪ -‬اد ا‪ ،( D‬وا‪$%‬ء ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪ ،(O#‬وا&‪7%‬د ا‪1-9‬ر ‰‪ 0‬ا‪ ! ،(O#‬و‪ 45‬و‪($ V 4%‰0g‬‬ ‫وا‪ (O6‬و‪، ( 42‬و إ‪ (:‬ا ات و ا‪ 2‬ص ‪\ (V‬دة  ‪ S0‬أ‪1-‬ره ‪ 4Z7 F‬ا‪  7‬وإ‪4V‬‬ ‫ا‪ > iO (g 2‬أ‪1-‬ره دون ‪ 0‬أو ‪ T‬ط‪ &  ،‬ا‪ (V‬ا‪2%&d‬دة > أ‪1-‬ر ا”‪ > U‬وا\‪(-6‬‬ ‫‪ ، 40‬ا‪ 9‬ا*ي ‪ M7c‬ا‪ (V‬أآ رة  و ‪ %&d‬ا‪0D0‬ت وا &‪ M‬ا‪m‬ز( ‪ 0N5%‬ا\دراك‬ ‫ ‪ (4‬أو ا‪ (1I‬ا‪ %‬ه ‪#‬د ‪ : MC 4:‬ا ا( ا*ا‪ ، 42 (0‬ا‪ M7 ، 07% y0V%‬ا‪7%‬‬ ‫‪،‬إزا( ا‪ q‬ض > ا‪ ، (4‬ا&‪ %‬ا‪ (0D0‬ا‪.  $%‬‬ ‫و&‪ - >1  UŸ S‬أن  ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪  M7‬ا از( ‪ >0‬ا‪ 012%‬‬ ‫ا‪%‬ي وا‪ 012%‬ا‪$%‬ر ‪$- ،‬ر ا‪d‬ه‪%‬م ‪ 0 %‬أآ ر > ا‪1-9‬ر وا‪ O‬ل ا‪( q‬‬ ‫وا‪)( 5%‬ا\ ا‪ % ((0‬ا‪d‬ه‪%‬م &‪%‬ام ‪ > (&5 (0 $ 07‬أ‪ Mc‬ا‪  1O‬ا‪1-9‬ر ا‪ V‬و‪(:‬‬ ‫‪0%Ud‬ر ا‪ MO‬ا‪ >0 > Sf9‬ا‪ O‬ل ا‪7‬ة ا‪ ،MO (: %$‬وا‪ M > , %‬ا‪%& ،(V‬ام أ& ب‬ ‫ا‪ G#7‬ا*ه‪ M0O ،5‬ا‪$‬رت ا‪l‬و‪ ،(0c‬ا&‪%‬ام ا‪ 1O‬ا\‪) D‬ا‪ D N5‬ا‪ S‬ا\‪ - (0 D‬اا‪M‬‬ ‫ا‪ V‬و‪ ! (:‬ا‪ N5‬إ أو‪ sc‬ا‪ #$‬ر أو آ‪ 47 (020‬أو ‪، (450fO‬ر‪ S‬ا‪  (V‬و‪(VU F6‬‬ ‫وا‪ M0O - (O6‬اا‪ M‬و‪  V‬ه ‪ ،‬و ‪$‬ء ا‪4‬ف ‪x -‬رة ا‪ %‬آ‪،l0‬ا‪ 9‬ا*ي  ‪ 1‬ن ‪> >f:‬‬ ‫‪4‬رات ا‪ - (V‬ق ا‪.(0- 7‬‬ ‫و ‪ 7‬ا‪ %  iO‬ا‪ C7‬ر  أ( درا&( & ‪: - – ($‬ود إ;‪m‬ع ا‪ i:‬و‪ -s%- 7‬در&‪ ,‬أ!‬ ‫  ر    ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ (05 -‬ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪- (0- 7‬‬ ‫ا ‪06‬ت‪5C%& ،‬ء درا&( وا‪:‬ة ‪ ,CO‬أ!   ذج ا‪ MO‬ا\ ا ‪m1I‬ت ‪ -‬ا   وراء‬ ‫ا‪  - - 7‬اءة ا‪ #5‬ص ا‪ iO - (07‬ا‪l02‬ء وه درا&( ‪$ M7D  ، (xlix) ) 0‬ر( ه*)‬ ‫ا‪ %5 %5‬درا&ت & ‪ ($‬أ ًا ‪* ،ً7g‬ا &‪$ %0‬ر( ‪ %‬ه*) ارا&( را&ت ‪ ,CO‬أ! ذج‬ ‫وا&‪ %‬ا‪0D0‬ت أ‪ U‬ى ‪ (05 -‬ا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬أ ا‪  $‬ا‪8$‬ر ‪ %*0 ,‬ا‪/$‬رات ‪,‬ق ا‪ , %*,-$‬ا‪*+$‬ت ‪$‬ى (‪ %‬ا‪’s$‬‬ ‫ا‪ U68$‬ا‪ *l8$ - 665‬ا‪8n m* "98$‬ى ا‪ "*s#8$‬وا‪:%b$‬‬ ‫ ‪)M0O % ,50‬ا‪ ( q%‬ا‪ >%‬ا‪ 5C‬ا‪ %I‬ك)‪ (3×2‬م و‪ c‬د أ! ذي د‪ (d‬إ‪5 (0#:‬‬ ‫‪ %f‬ى ا‪  0q% >0 M2% (0.05=α )(d‬ي ا‪ ( D‬و‪ %f‬ى ا‪ - M0#O%‬آ‪ > M‬ا‪ 012%‬‬ ‫ا\ ا ‪ -‬ا ‪06‬ت وأ ‪7‬د) ا‪ (!mC‬وا‪4‬رات ‪ -‬ق ا‪ - (0- 7‬ا ‪06‬ت و‪ 4dD‬ا‪.(!mC‬‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

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7th Year: I July- 2009  :42 ‫ اد‬:‫ ا ا‬WWW.ULUM.NL ‫   م ا‬

0#O ‫ ى‬%f ‫( إ‬4c  >1  ‫ر‬%‫( ا  ا‬VI‫ إ أن أ‬، h‫ ذ‬- Sf‫ د ا‬7 ‫و‬ ، ‫ت‬06 ‫ ا‬- 0#O%‫ اه ا‬%f > N5‫ ا‬ q (V‫( ا‬-‫ آ‬S&5 ( (VI‫ أ‬,‫> و إ آ‬07 sc  ,‫ آ‬M (©- ‫( دون‬507 (©2 (4c  >1   ‫ ا‬- ‫ دة‬c ‫( ا‬VI9‫ ا‬/‫( ر‬$ ; ‫آ أن‬  012%‫  ا*ي أدى إ زدة ا‬9‫ ا‬،(‰0#‫ ا‬/25 ‫& ب و‬9‫ ا‬/25 ‫( و‬$ V‫ ا‬/25 ‫ب‬mV‫ ا‬F0D .‫ء‬5C%&‫ب دون ا‬mV‫ ا‬F0c ‫ت ى‬06 ‫ ا‬- ‫ا\ ا‬ ‫ اه‬%f > N5‫ ا‬ q – ‫ر‬%‫( > ا  ا‬V‫ ا‬F0c ‫دة‬2%&‫ ا‬- Sf‫ ن ا‬1 ‫و‬ ‫ ه أن‬4 ‫ت‬06 ‫ ا‬- (0- 7‫ ق ا‬- ‫رات‬4‫ ا\ ا وا‬012%‫رات ا‬4 (05 % ‫ و‬-0#O%‫ا‬ (g 2‫( ا‬V‫ء ا‬V‫ إ‬e ; > ،57‫ ذي ا‬7%‫ ا‬ll7  l‫ت  آ‬m1I ‫ ا\ ا‬MO‫ ذج ا‬ ،‫ل‬ ٍ  ‫ ت‬# 012%‫ ور&( ا‬،($ f‫(  ات ا‬0O‫ ا‬4‫ ا‬U y ‫ ور‬، 4f2j MO‫ ا ا‬2I%1 1 4-  (V‫ أدى إ زدة رة ا‬،‫ اروس‬G ‫ ل ا‬: ‫ءة‬5‫( وا‬2‫( ا‬I5‫  ا‬iO‫وا‬ ‫ ل‬: 0   ‫  &ه‬،(g‫ ا‬4%q 4%‰0g ‫ه وإدة‬O‫( و‬:‫ و‬V‫( ا‬06 ‫ ا‬Mf‫ا‬ (V‫ ى ا‬%f > N5‫ ا‬ q ‫ و‬4 ‫ ا\ ا‬012%‫رات ا‬4 > >ّf: ‫ ا*ي‬9‫ا‬،( 5%‫ة و‬ .(l)- s0‫ر إ‬I‫ ا‬M ‫( أوز‬0 ‫ وه*ا  أآ‬،0#O%‫ا‬

‫*ت‬p8$‫ا‬ ّ  $- ، %5‫( ا‬I5 ‫ل‬mU > 40‫ إ‬Mg %‫  ّ ا‬%‫ت ا‬c%5%&d‫ ه*) ارا&( وا‬% ‫دًا إ‬5%&‫ا‬ :(0”‫ت ا‬0g %‫ غ ا‬g 012%‫ > ا‬M ٍ ‫( آ‬05% (%O‫رات ا‬0‫ ا‬:j‫( آ‬CPS) ‫ت‬m1I ‫ ا\ ا‬MO‫  ذج ا‬5
‫ ى‬،(07%‫( ا‬007%‫ ا‬G‫ ا ا‬ 7 - ،‫ت‬06 ‫ ا‬- (0- 7‫ ق ا‬- ‫رات‬4‫ا\ ا وا‬ .&&9‫ ا‬F&%‫ ا‬G#‫;( ا‬ M ٍ ‫( آ‬05 ‫ ل‬: ‫ > ارا&ت‬l‫ اء ا‬c‫ إ‬- (&‫*) ارا‬4 ‫ر اص‬%‫ام ا  ا‬%&‫
ا‬ (V‫ ى > ا‬U‫©ت أ‬- ‫ت ى‬06 ‫ ا‬- (0- 7‫ ق ا‬- ‫رات‬4‫ ا\ ا وا‬012%‫> ا‬ ‫ ات‬0q%  ‫ ذج‬5‫ أ! ه*ا ا‬iO ‫ ى و‬U‫ ف أ‬2g  (&‫*) ارا‬4 (! ‫ اء درا&ت‬c‫
إ‬

O ‫هت‬Dd‫ ا‬،4 ‫ظ‬2%:d‫( وا‬06 ‫ ا‬0‫ه‬2‫ب ا‬f%‫اآ‬،(06 ‫( ا‬1I‫ ا‬M: MC ‫  ى‬U‫أ‬ . M0#O%‫ ا‬،‫ت‬06 ‫ا‬ ABSTRACT

THE EFFECT OF A TRAINING PROGRAMME BASED ON A OSBORNE-PARENES: CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL ON DEVELOPMENT OF MEYACOGNITVE SKILLS IN MATHMATICES FOR THE HIGHER BASIC STAGE STUDENTS IN JORDAN. Dr. Mohareb Ali Mohammad Al- Smadi

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7th Year: I July- 2009  :42 ‫ اد‬:‫ ا ا‬WWW.ULUM.NL ‫   م ا‬

7th Year: I July- 2009  :42 ‫ اد‬:‫ ا ا‬WWW.ULUM.NL ‫   م ا‬

Dr .Yahia Mhmood Al-Smadi

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a training program based on a creative problem solving model (CPS) on development of metacognitive skills in Mathematics for Ninth Grade Students in Jordan. The study subjects were 86 female ninth grade students from Kufranjah Secondary comprehensive school of Ajloun Educational Directorate. They were randomly assigned to a control and experimental groups. The experimental group consisted of 43 students who underwent a four week training program. The other one was the control group of 43 students too, who were instructed for four weeks according to the traditional method. 3) was used to ×To answer the study questions of the study, ANCOVA(2 find any significant differences with (α =0.05) of the students' results in the two groups by using the metacognitive skills device with its three domains (realizing cognition, organizing cognition, and processing cognition). The analysis showed significant differences at the level (α =0.05) between the results of the two groups in the device (and its three domains) mentioned above for the benefit of the students of the experimental group. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the two groups on the device (and its three domains) which were attributed to the interaction between the two groups (experimental and controlled) and students' academic achievement. The study recommends adopting the training program used in this study to develop the metacognitive skills in mathematics. It also recommends organizing the content of school mathematics text books to cope with the creative problem solving form. 27

7th Year: I July- 2009  :42 ‫ اد‬:‫ ا ا‬WWW.ULUM.NL ‫   م ا‬

‫   م ا ‪ WWW.ULUM.NL‬ا ا‪ :‬اد ‪7th Year: I July- 2009  :42‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﺃ –ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺴﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺼﻔﺎﺀ‪. (2000)،‬ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺒﺎﺀ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﻴﺩ ‪ . (1997) ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺠﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺼﻭل ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺴﻬﺎ‪).‬ﻁ‪. (4‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻗﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ‪ .(2002) ،‬ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ‪ :‬ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺍﺤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻪ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺠﺭﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ‪ .(1999) ،‬ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ ﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪.‬ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫رو‪ ،sttu‬ا‪tts‬ر‪ . (1989) ،‬ا‪ttz‬اع ا‪tt‬م وا‪ttx‬ص‪tt} tt9BE~ .‬ن ?‪ tt‬ا{‪ ،:tt‬ا‪:tt4 s‬ا‪ 3tt 9‬ا‪ tt;=€  : tt‬وا‪ ttH‬ن‬ ‫واƒداب ‪ < ،‬ا‪.;E9‬‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ ,‬ﻋﺎﻴﺵ‪ .(2005 ) ,‬ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‪ .‬ﻁ‪ ,5‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻕ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺩل‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺼﻼﺡ ‪.(2003) ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻝـﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﺩﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻔﻭﻗﻴﻥ ﻋﻘﻠﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‪،27‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ‪،3‬ﺹ‪.285-181‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺌﺩ ‪ .(2006) ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻲ ‪:‬ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻋﻲ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀـﻭﺀ ﺃﺴـﻠﻭﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﻲ‪ .‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺌﺩ ‪ .(2002) ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﺩﻯ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻑ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺸﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺯﺭﻗﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺴﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺸﺎﺩﻥ‪ .(2001)،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺼﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﻤﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺼﻤﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﻠﺔ ‪ . (1996) ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﻭﻋﻲ ﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻫﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺤﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ‪ .‬ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ ،(2‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ ،(6‬ﺹ ‪ 97‬ـ‪.121‬‬

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7th Year: I July- 2009  :42 ‫ اد‬:‫ ا ا‬WWW.ULUM.NL ‫   م ا‬

.‫ ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻔﻪ‬:‫ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬.‫ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﻝﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬.(1999) ،‫ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬،‫ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻥ‬ :‫ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬-‫ﺏ‬ Antonietti ,A.,Lagnazi,s.and perego ,p.(2000).Metacognitive Knowledge about Problemsolving Methods. British Journal of Educational Psychology.70,p1-16. Brown, A.(1987) .Metacognition , Executive Control, Self-

Regulation and other More

Mysterious Mechanisms In Weinert , F and Kluwe , R.(Eds) .Metacognition , Motivation ,and understanding . New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Association. Chang ,C .and Cheng , C .(2000). A study of the Incorporation of Creative Problem Solving and Cooperative Learning Strategies into Earth Science Instruction .Chinese Journal of Science Education. 8(3):p251-272. Davis ,G.(1998).Creative Problem Solving Model. Retrieved April 20,2005from: http://members.ozemail.comarl~cavema/creative/Brain/eps.html Donald ,J . Scott ,G .and Brian, D.(2002). Creative Problem Solving (cps),A Contemporary Framework for Managing Change . Retrieved April 20 , 2005 . from : http://www.creativelearinig.com Evans, J.(1997). Creativity in OR/MS : The Creative Problem Solving Process -Part2. Interfaces, 27(6): p 106-111. Gary, D .(1998).CPS Model Creativity is Forever .Retrieved April5,2005from: http://members.optusnet.com.au/~charles57/Creative/Brain/cps.htm Georghiades ,P .(2004). Making Pupil Conception of Electricity More Durable by Means of Situated Metacognition. International Journal of Science Education,26(1),p 85-89 Hacker , D. (1997). Metacognition :Definitions and Empirical Foundation .Retrieved, October 13,2005from: http://www.Psyc.memphis.edu/trg/meta.htm. Hammouri,H .(2003).An Investigation of undergraduates’ Transform-ational Problem Solving Strategies: cognitive/Metacognitive processes as predictors of holistic/analytic strategies. Assessment &Evaluation in Higher Education.28(6),p571-586.

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Houtz , John C. (2002) . Exploration of A bilingualism and the Creative Process through a Problem Solving Model. Dissertation Abstract International ,62(7),p2344. Huges , G .(1999). Three Processes for Creating innovation Strategies , Retrieved February 5, 2005,from: http://www.unc.edu/gdhghes/processes.htm Huitt , W.(1997). Metacognition. Retrieved October 13,2006,from: http://www.chiron.valdosta.edu/metacogn.html. Hung ,W . (2003).A Study of Creative Problem Solving Instructional Design and Assessment in Elementary School Chemistry Courses. Chinese Journal of Science Education. 11(4): p407-430. Isaksen, S. G., and Dorval, K. B. (1993). Shanging Views of Creative Problem Solving : Over 40

years

of

Continuous

Improvements

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Retrieved

February

5,2005From:http://www.bafflostate.edue/center/creativity/Resources/Reading/Room/Di rectorycps.html Kobe, L. M .(2002) . Computer- Based Creativity Training the Creative Process .Dissertation Abstract International ,62(8),p3835,A. Kuhn ,D. and Dean ,D .(2004) . Metacognition: A Bridge Between Cognitive Psychology and Educational Practice .Theory into practice .43(4):p268-273. Kumar, A. (1998). The Influence of Metacognition on Managerial Hiring Decision Making: Implication for Management Development. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and state university, Blacksburg , Virginia. Langrehr ,D & Plamer ,B .(1998).A Historical Perspective of Metacognition .From: A abstraction to paradigm. The Florida state University .Tallahassee . Florida. Lavonen, J., Meisalo, V. and Lattu, M.(2001). Problem solving With an icon oriental Prgramming tool: a case study in technology educ-tion. Journal of Technology Education,12(2):P21-34. Loraine T. D. B .(2003). Creative and Problem Solving. Retrieved (13/2/2006) , from: http://www.starsci.com

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Lui, J. (1999).Asupport System for Promoting Metacognition in Large Classrooms .Dissertation Abstracts International . 59(8):

p 2838.

Marzano ,J ,Brandt ,R. Hughes ,C .Jones ,B .Presseicen , B and Suhor , C.(1988).Dimensions of Thinking: A Framework for Curriculum and Instruction . Alexandria ,Virginia : Association for Supervision and curriculum Development. Mumford, M. D. Connelly m. S.(1994).Creativity Problem Solving Cognition , Adaptability, and Wisdon. Roeper Review , 16 (4) , p241-246. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). (2000). Principles and Standards of Mathematics . Reston, Virginia . National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM).(1989). Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics. Reston, Virginia . Panaoura ,A .and Philippou ,G.(2005).The Measurement of Young Pupils Metacognitive Ability in Mathematics: The Case of self-Representation and self-Evaluation .A Dialogue Search from: ERIC Database. Treffinger, D. Isaksen, S and Dorval, B. (2002). Creative Problem Solving (CPS) ,A contemporary

Freamework for Managing Change . Retrieved April, 20, 2005.

from: http://www.creativelearinig.com :‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨـﻭﻥ‬:‫ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ‬،‫ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻏﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻲ‬.‫ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‬. (1989) ،‫ ﺍﻝﻜﺴﻨﺩﺭ‬،‫ ﺭﻭﺸﻜﺎ‬i .‫ ﻋﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬، ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‬ .‫ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‬:‫ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻥ‬.‫ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ ﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬.(1999) ، ‫ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ‬،‫ ﺠﺭﻭﺍﻥ‬ii .‫ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻕ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬:‫ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬,5‫ ﻁ‬.‫ ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬.(2005 ) ,‫ ﻋﺎﻴﺵ‬,‫ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‬iii iv

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). (2000). Principles and Standards of Mathematics . Reston, Virginia . .‫ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬،(1989) ،‫ ﺍﻝﻜﺴﻨﺩﺭ‬،‫ ﺭﻭﺸﻜﺎ‬v

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•

7th Year: I July- 2009  :42 ‫ اد‬:‫ ا ا‬WWW.ULUM.NL ‫   م ا‬

vi Lavonen, J., Meisalo, V. and Lattu, M.(2001). Problem solving With an icon oriental Prgramming tool: a case study in technology educ-tion. Journal of Technology Education,12(2):P21-34. ‫ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺒﺎﺀ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬: ‫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬. ‫ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬. (2000)،‫ ﺼﻔﺎﺀ‬، ‫ ﺍﻷﻋﺴﺭ‬vii . viii Huges , G .(1999). Three Processes for Creating innovation Strategies , Retrieved February 5 ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬

, 2005, from: http://www.unc.edu/gdhghes/processes.htm ix

Davis ,G.(1998).Creative Problem Solving Model. Retrieved April 20,2005from: http://members.ozemail.comarl~cavema/creative/Brain/eps.html

:‫ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬.‫ ﻭﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻪ‬،‫ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻪ‬،‫ ﻤﺭﺍﺤﻠﻪ‬،‫ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻪ‬،‫ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬،‫ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻪ‬،‫ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭﻩ‬،‫ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻪ‬:‫ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ‬.(2002) ، ‫ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ‬،‫ ﺠﺭﻭﺍﻥ‬x .‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ xi

Loraine T. D. B .(2003). Creative and Problem Solving. Retrieved (13/2/2006) , from: http://www.starsci.com . ‫( ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬2000)،‫ ﺼﻔﺎﺀ‬، ‫ ﺍﻷﻋﺴﺭ‬xii .‫ ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻔﻪ‬:‫ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬.‫ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﻝﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬.(1999) ،‫ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬،‫ ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻥ‬xiii Mumford, M. D. Connelly m. S.(1994).Creativity Problem Solving Cognition ,

xiv

Adaptability, and Wisdon. Roeper Review , 16 (4) , p241-246. xv

Treffinger, D. Isaksen, S and Dorval, B. (2002). Creative Problem Solving (CPS) ,A contemporary Freamework for Managing Change. Retrieved April, 20, 2005. from: http://www.creativelearinig.com

. ‫( ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬2000)،‫ ﺼﻔﺎﺀ‬، ‫ ﺍﻷﻋﺴﺭ‬xvi xvii Isaksen, S. G., and Dorval, K. B. (1993). Shanging Views of Creative Problem Solving : Over 40 years of Continuous Improvements . Retrieved February5,2005From:http://www.bafflostate.edue/center/creativity/Resources/Readin g/Room/Directorycps.html xviii Donald ,J . Scott ,G .and Brian, D.(2002). Creative Problem Solving (cps),A Contemporary Framework for Managing Change . Retrieved April 20 , 2005 . from : http://www.creativelearinig.com xix

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Gary, D .(1998).CPS Model Creativity is Forever .Retrieved April5,2005from:

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Evans, J.(1997). Creativity in OR/MS : The Creative Problem Solving Process -Part2. Interfaces, 27(6): p 106-111.

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Georghiades ,P .(2004). Making Pupil Conception of Electricity More Durable by Means of Situated Metacognition. International Journal of Science Education,26(1),p 85-89. xxii Langrehr ,D & Plamer ,B .(1998).A Historical Perspective of Metacognition .From: A abstraction to paradigm. The Florida state University .Tallahassee . Florida. xxiii Kuhn ,D. and Dean ,D .(2004) . Metacognition: A Bridge Between Cognitive Psychology and Educational Practice .Theory into practice .43(4):p268-273. xxiv

Brown, A.(1987) .Metacognition , Executive Control, Self- Regulation and other More Mysterious Mechanisms In Weinert , F and Kluwe , R.(Eds) .Metacognition , Motivation ,and understanding . New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Association xxv Lui, J. (1999).Asupport System for Promoting Metacognition in Large Classrooms .Dissertation Abstracts International . 59(8): p 2838. xxvi

Antonietti ,A.,Lagnazi,s.and perego ,p.(2000).Metacognitive Knowledge about Problemsolving Methods. British Journal of Educational Psychology.70,p1-16.

xxvii

Huitt , W.(1997). Metacognition. Retrieved October 13,2006,from: http://www.chiron.valdosta.edu/metacogn.html.

xxviii xxix

Langrehr ,D & Plamer ,B(1998) ,‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ Marzano ,J ,Brandt ,R. Hughes ,C .Jones ,B .Presseicen , B and Suhor , C.(1988).Dimensions of Thinking: A Framework for Curriculum and Instruction . Alexandria ,Virginia : Association for Supervision and curriculum Development.

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Hacker , D. (1997). Metacognition :Definitions and Empirical Foundation .Retrieved, October 13,2005from: http://www.Psyc.memphis.edu/trg/meta.htm.

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‫ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬.(2002) ، ‫ ﺭﺍﺌﺩ‬، ‫ ﻋﻠﻴﻭﻩ‬xxxii .‫ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬، ‫ ﺍﻝﺯﺭﻗﺎﺀ‬،‫ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺸﻤﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻔﻭﻗﻲ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻑ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻭﻋﻲ ﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻫﻨﻴﺔ‬. (1996) ، ‫ ﻋﻘﻠﺔ‬،‫ ﺤﻤﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺼﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬،‫ ﻨﺼﺭ‬xxxiii 97 ‫ ﺹ‬،(6) ‫ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬،(2) ‫ ﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬.‫ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺤﺒﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ‬ .121‫ـ‬ xxxiv Kumar, A. (1998). The Influence of Metacognition on Managerial Hiring Decision Making: Implication for Management Development. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and state university, Blacksburg , Virginia. xxxv Huitt , W.(1997). ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ xxxvi

Hammouri ,H.(2003),‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬

xxxvii

Kumar, A.(1998), ‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻋﻲ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬: ‫ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻲ‬.(2006) ، ‫ ﺭﺍﺌﺩ‬، ‫ ﻋﻠﻴﻭﻩ‬xxxviii ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ‬ .‫ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬،‫ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‬.‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺒﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﻲ‬ xxxix

xl

Huges , G.(1999) ,‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬

Houtz , John C. (2002) . Exploration of A bilingualism and the Creative Process through a Problem Solving Model. Dissertation Abstract International ,62(7),p2344.

xli

Kobe, L. M .(2002) . Computer- Based Creativity Training the Creative Process .Dissertation Abstract International ,62(8),p3835,A.

xlii

xliv xlv

Chang ,C , and Cheng , C .(2000). A study of the Incorporation of Creative Problem Solving and Cooperative Learning Strategies into Earth Science Instruction .Chinese Journal of Science Education. 8(3):p251-272. .‫ ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬.(1999),‫ ﻋﻘﻠﺔ‬،‫ ﺤﻤﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺼﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬،‫ ﻨﺼﺭ‬xliii Kumar, A.(1998),‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ Panaoura ,A .and Philippou ,G.(2005).The Measurement of Young Pupils Metacognitive Ability in Mathematics: The Case of self-Representation and self-Evaluation .A Dialogue Search from: ERIC Database.

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‫‪ xlvi‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺩل‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺼﻼﺡ ‪.(2003) ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻔﻭﻗﻴﻥ ﻋﻘﻠﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‪،27‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ‪،3‬ﺹ‪.285-181‬‬ ‫‪ xlvii‬ﻋﻠﻴﻭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺌﺩ ‪.(2002) ،‬ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ xlviii‬ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺴﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺸﺎﺩﻥ‪ .(2001)،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺤـﺼﻴل ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫‪ xlix‬ﻋﻠﻴﻭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺌﺩ ‪ .(2006) ،‬ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ l‬أ ز‪ . (1997) ، 4E; ،4‬ا‪TU‬ت ‪R‬ه‪ HP‬وأ‪M‬ل ‪JK‬ر‪).HI‬ط‪9. (4‬ن ‪ :‬دار ا‪FEH‬ن  ‪ E‬وا‪ 0‬ز‪. Ž4‬‬

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