Hydrogen Injection 97-03-auto Show

What is Hydrogen Injection ? For purpose of this discussion: It refers to INJECTING Hydrogen into the combustion process of an Internal Combustion Engine Technically: We are referring to injecting the product of splitting water into it’s base elements – Hydrogen & Oxygen (H2O) So: We should be calling it “Hydroxy”, “Brown’s Gas”, “HHO”, or 1 of several other names !

Why would we want to do that ? Hydrogen has long been known to be a good fuel for an Internal Combustion Engine (I.C.E.) NASA produced a report back in the ’70’s documenting the virtues. • The only byproduct is WATER and that could be recycled in a closed loop system ! NO EMISSIONS ! 2. Hydrogen burns with a Flame Front of 3400 Ft/Sec (many times faster than gasoline) greatly reducing the need for timing advance, so most of the energy is transferred to the power stroke

But why mix it with gasoline or Diesel ? It actually brings the previously mentioned virtues to the process resulting in: 1. Reduced Emissions 2. Cleaner Engine 3. Retarded (i.e. closer to TDC) Timing

But wait, there is MORE ! Hydrogen is actually the fuel in the “hydro” carbon combustion reaction when gasoline or Diesel fuel is burned. Petroleum based fuels consist of Hydrogen and Carbon molecules varying in complexity, known as “chains”. The more complex the chain, the later in the Combustion process it burns. By introducing extra Hydrogen atoms to the mix Carbon Atoms will combine with them creating “shorter Chains” releasing more energy from the fuel = EFFICIENCY

How can you break WATER into Hydrogen and Oxygen ? The most common method is ELECTROLYSIS (not hair removal) Electrolysis is the process of separating chemically bonded elements and compounds by passing an electric current through them Surprisingly, pure water is not a good conductor, so an ELECTROLYTE such as Potassium Hydoxide (KOH), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) must be added to the water

First we create an electrical potential by submerging conductive Electrodes in the water / electrolyte solution then attaching POS & NEG from an electrical source This causes electrons to flow through the solution, bombarding the water molecule +

P o s E l e c t r o d e

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O+

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H ---

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H ---

WATER MOLECULE

N e g E l e c t r o d e

This causes the Hydrogen Atoms to have an extra Electron in their Valence Ring (Ion) so the Oxygen Atom can no longer hold them so they attach themselves to the Neg Electrode in order to dissipate the extra Electron +

P o s E l e c t r o d e

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O+

H ---

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H ---

N e g E l e c t r o d e

Now the Hydrogen Atoms will detach themselves from the Neg Electrode but a single H atom is very unstable so it will attach itself to another H Atom forming H2 +

P o s E l e c t r o d e

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O +

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H ---

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H ---

N e g E l e c t r o d e

Now the H2 Molecule will bubble to the top of the solution and exit as a gas – where we promptly capture it

+

P o s E l e c t r o d e

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O +

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H ---

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H ---

N e g E l e c t r o d e

The Oxygen (O) Atom will also combine with another O Atom forming O2 which will also bubble to the top and exit as a gas +

P o s E l e c t r o d e

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O +

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+

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O

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H ---

H ---

N e g E l e c t r o d e

To Recap: H2 Plus O2 Plus Ignition Yields

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O

--H --

+

+

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O

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P L U G

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H

FIRE & WATER

+

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+

->

&

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O +

-

H --

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-

H --

To Recap: H2 Plus O2 Plus Ignition Yields

FIRE & WATER

This is where someone who is paying attention Asks:

What happened to the other Oxygen Atom?

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O

--H --

+

+

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O

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H

P L U G

+

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+

->

&

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O +

-

H --

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-

H --

To Recap: H2 Plus O2 Plus Ignition Yields

FIRE & WATER

The Answer is: It combined with 2 other H Atoms: REMEMBER

They were both separated from water (H2O) so the Gas has exactly the correct amounts of H & O to recombine -

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O

--H --

+

+

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O

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-

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H

P L U G

+

-

-

+

->

&

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O +

-

H --

-

-

H --

To Recap: H2 Plus O2 Plus Ignition Yields

FIRE & WATER

This is one of the greatest CHALLENGES of Hydroxy. It Must be made “ON DEMAND” It CAN NOT be stored. It includes it’s own Oxidizer and will EXPLODE in a closed container ! !

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O

--H --

+

+

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O

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-

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H

P L U G

+

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+

->

&

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O +

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H --

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-

H --

OK ! So how does the System from Alternative Propulsion work ? Thought you would never ASK !

Unit Our SUPER CELL consists of 5Dash components r

bble u B / ber b u r c S

Super Cell

Su Fl pp as re h ss or

Electronic Controller

Let’s talk about the SUPER CELL itself 1st: DESIGN: • 2 Arrays of 5 Cells in Series with Center Tap Negative • Polyester Re-enforced Fiberglass Enclosure FEATURES: • Cell Monitoring Sensor • Thermal Overload Sensor Output: • 1 Liter of Gas per Minute @ 20 Amps

As soon as Current is applied the process begins Gas begins to bubble up and out of the Cell

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+

NEXT: Let’s talk about the SCRUBBER / BUBBLER •

It’s purposes are: 1. To Scrub the gas of any caustics that might leave the cell with the gas 2. Absorb any Flashback that may occur

1ST Gas from the Cell enters the inlet and travels to the bottom of the Bubbler Then the gas bubbles up thru the water where it is Scrubbed & Cooled

The final component in the gas system is the FLASHBACK ARRESTOR It’s purpose is to inhibit that 3400 ft/sec Flame Front from blowing things up if the engine backfires !

Finally, gas exits the Scrubber / Bubbler and passes thru the Flashback Arrestor and into the engine intake Air Stream

There are 2 more features that need to be mentioned 1. The Anti-Siphon By-pass Valve •

Prevents water from the Bubbler being Siphoned into the Cell when cooling down

2. The Pressure Relief Valve •

Dumps Pressure if a Flashback occurs

•

Relieves Pressure if Cell Runaway occurs

The Final 2 Components of the System Control the ELECTRONICS 1. The Electronic Control Unit 2. The Dash Unit

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The ELECTRONIC CONTROL Unit •

Contains most of the Electronics Necessary to manage the System Efficiently & Safely

•

It Features : 1. Vacuum Key On Engine Off Sensor 2. 30 Amp Shunt eliminating High Current wiring inside the Vehicle 3. 60 Amp Relay 4. Interface to the Universal wiring harness 5. Aluminum Enclosure to dissipate heat

The DASH UNIT •

Functions as the Interface between the Driver & the System

•

It Features 1. 30 Amp Gauge to let the Driver Know how much Current the system is drawing 2. System Monitor Indicator advising the driver of problems such as Low Electrolyte or a Blown Fuse 3. An illuminated ON/OFF Switch 4. Available in several colors to co-ordinate with Vehicle Interior 15 0

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THANK YOU . . . for you attention

www.altpropulsion.com

Any Questions . . . .

?