Higher Cerebral Functions
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higher cerebral functions by Jingying T. A Department of Physiology
Be responsible for thoughts and emotions Store and retrieve memories Generate sense Be able to communicate
1 language skills
dominant hemisphere: the left cerebral hemisphere, in 90% right-handed people and 70% left-handed persons.
Specifically: Broca’s area: speech production. Wernicke’s area : understand spoken languages.
Aphasia: expressive or motor aphasia: can’t produce speech while retaining comprehension of language. receptive or sensory aphasia: inability to understand language.
2 learning and memory
learning: any change in behaviour that results from previous experience.
based on memory: short-term memory long-term memory
memory, derived from: repeated rehearsal of information eg. practising motor skills revising previously studied materials
mechanisms of memory: synaptic facility: transmitter release may be enhanced, making future activation of that pathway easier. neural plasticity: eventually anatomical changes happens, perhaps involving an increase in the number or size of synapses.
3 the electroencephalogram (EEG)
EEG: The electrical activity within cerebral neurons leads to surface potentials, which may be detected using scalp electrodes. And the resulting recording is called ~.
some what analogous to the ECG.
wave patterns:
as neuronal activity increases, EEG becomes more irregular (desynchronized), with a rise in the frequency and a fall in the amplitude.
sleep: loss of consciousness, and reversible.
slow wave sleep: (SWS) low frequency delta wave. at the same time, leads to reductions in blood pressure, respiration, metabolic rate and gastrointestinal activity. paradoxical / rapid eye movement sleep: (REM) dreaming, high frequency beta wave, with variable heart rate and respiration, irregular muscle movements and general reduction in muscle tone.
control of sleep: reticular activating system
when excited by sensory or motor activity, reduce drowsiness.
sleep deprivation:
tend to produce extreme disturbances of thinking and emotion. but the “why” is not answered.
sleep waves of dolphine
Be responsible for thoughts and emotions Store and retrieve memories Generate sense Be able to communicate
1 language skills
dominant hemisphere: the left cerebral hemisphere, in 90% right-handed people and 70% left-handed persons.
Specifically: Broca’s area: speech production. Wernicke’s area : understand spoken languages.
Aphasia: expressive or motor aphasia: can’t produce speech while retaining comprehension of language. receptive or sensory aphasia: inability to understand language.
2 learning and memory
learning: any change in behaviour that results from previous experience.
based on memory: short-term memory long-term memory
memory, derived from: repeated rehearsal of information eg. practising motor skills revising previously studied materials
mechanisms of memory: synaptic facility: transmitter release may be enhanced, making future activation of that pathway easier. neural plasticity: eventually anatomical changes happens, perhaps involving an increase in the number or size of synapses.
3 the electroencephalogram (EEG)
EEG: The electrical activity within cerebral neurons leads to surface potentials, which may be detected using scalp electrodes. And the resulting recording is called ~.
some what analogous to the ECG.
wave patterns:
as neuronal activity increases, EEG becomes more irregular (desynchronized), with a rise in the frequency and a fall in the amplitude.
sleep: loss of consciousness, and reversible.
slow wave sleep: (SWS) low frequency delta wave. at the same time, leads to reductions in blood pressure, respiration, metabolic rate and gastrointestinal activity. paradoxical / rapid eye movement sleep: (REM) dreaming, high frequency beta wave, with variable heart rate and respiration, irregular muscle movements and general reduction in muscle tone.
control of sleep: reticular activating system
when excited by sensory or motor activity, reduce drowsiness.
sleep deprivation:
tend to produce extreme disturbances of thinking and emotion. but the “why” is not answered.
sleep waves of dolphine
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