Heat Lab 5.docx

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05 EFFECTS OF THERMAL INSULATOR ON HEAT TRANSFER + PLOT THE GRAPH BETWEEN TEMPERATURE GRADIENT AND LINEAR DISTANCE ______________

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Contents 1. OBJECTIVE: ............................................................................................................. 3 2. ABSTRACT: .............................................................................................................. 3 3. INTRODUCTION: .................................................................................................... 3 4. THEORY: .................................................................................................................. 3 5. APPARATUS DESCRIPTION: ................................................................................ 4 5.1. LINEAR MODULE: ........................................................................................... 4 5.2. THERMOCOUPLES: ......................................................................................... 4 5.3. CONTROL BOX: ............................................................................................... 5 5.4. POWER SUPPLY: .............................................................................................. 5 5.5. HYDRAULIC BENCH: ..................................................................................... 5 6. EXPERIMENT: ........................................................................................................ 6 6.1. PROCEDURE: ................................................................................................... 6 6.2. OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS: ................................................... 6 7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: ............................................................................... 7 7.1. Excel Graphs:.................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.2. GRAPHS: ......................................................................................................... 12 8. CONCLUSION: ....................................................................................................... 15 9. REFERNECES ........................................................................................................ 15

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1. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this experiment is to study the effects of an insulating material such as cork by finding the conduction coefficient (k) for that material.

2. ABSTRACT: In this experiment, we are interested in studying the effect of insulation on the linear conduction. A solid (brass) is chosen for the experiment of pure conduction because both liquids and gasses exhibit excessive convective heat transfer. Thus, we add a paper on the colder side of the linear module. This in turn effects the conduction in brass. It is to be noted that we cannot calculate the heat conduction of the paper added as insulation. Thus, we observe the behavior in form of graph only. In Linear module we use sections 1 and 3 for placing the temperature sensors. These temperature sensors show difference in voltage in the form of temperature.

3. INTRODUCTION: It is very important today in certain engineering applications, such as heating and air conditioning, to limit heat transfer to a minimum. In that respect engineers look for materials that do not conduct heat well or have a very small heat transfer conduction coefficient. In this experiment we will calculate the conduction coefficient for cork and compare it with values from the reference.

4. THEORY: Using Fourier’s Law and solving for the conduction coefficient we have,

Thermal insulation is the reduction of heat transfer between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. Thermal insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or processes, we used paper as an insulating material. Thermal insulation ________________________________________________________________________

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provides a region of insulation in which thermal conduction is reduced rather than absorbed by the lower-temperature body. The insulating capability of a material is measured as the inverse of thermal conductivity (k)

5. APPARATUS DESCRIPTION: 5.1. LINEAR MODULE: Linear module contains three sections with three sensors attached at distance of 10mm on each section. Section 1 and 3 are made of brass while section 2 can vary according to our needs (either steel or brass).

Figure 1: Linear Module

5.2. THERMOCOUPLES: The nine thermocouples placed show voltage difference as temperature. ________________________________________________________________________

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These thermocouples are temperature sensors.

Figure 2: Thermocouple

5.3. CONTROL BOX: Thermocouples are connected to a device which shows these temperatures individually called Control Box.

Figure 3: Control Box

5.4. POWER SUPPLY: A power supply device is used for adjusting power provided to section 1. This is the source of temperature for the experiment.

Figure 4: Power Supply

5.5. HYDRAULIC BENCH: Section 3 is connected to the hydraulic bench which constantly circulates water through it so as to cool it down. It acts as a sink for the heat. It is a must safety precaution to make sure it is on before we start the experiment. Figure 5: Hydraulic Bench

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6. EXPERIMENT: 6.1. PROCEDURE:           

Switch on the display unit. Supply the cold water from the hydraulic bench. Dip the sensor tip to the thermocouple paste and plug into the sensor ports. Plug the sensors 1 to 9 from left to right. Adjust the paper as insulation medium between the intermediate section and the sink. Add thermocouple paste between the heater and the intermediate section. Switch on the power supply and maintain the required power. Wait for 10 to 15 minutes until the steady state achieved (Note: when the steady state is achieved the temperature on the sensors become stable.) Note all the reading of the temperatures on the sensors at the steady state. Calculate the heat transfers on the given temperatures Plot the graph between the temperature gradient and linear distance

6.2. OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

No. of Observation s 1 2 3

Heater Power Q̇ (watt)

T1 (℃)

T2 (℃)

T3 (℃)

T4 (℃)

T5 (℃)

T6 (℃)

T7 (℃)

T8 (℃)

T9 (℃)

14.4 52.3 52.2 51.7 41.9 40.6 40.4 29.8 29.5 28.3 20.7 61.2 60.6 59.6 49.8 45.7 43.6 30.9 30.4 29.4 28.45 64 63 61.8 51.5 46.6 44.85 31.2 30.7 29.5 Thickness/Distance 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 0.090 ∆𝒙 (m)

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7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 7.1. CALCULATIONS AND MATLAB CODE:

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7.2. RESULTS:

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7.3. GRAPH:

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GRAPH

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8. CONCLUSION: The temperature difference between the heater section and the sink section increases as we introduced an insulator (i.e. paper) between the specimen and the sink. Indicating that the heat transfer depends upon the thermal resistance of the material being used. Higher the thermal resistance of a material lower will be the heat transfer through conduction.

9. REFERNECES  

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http://www.engr.iupui.edu/~mrnalim/me314lab/lab02.htm http://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/webpage_data/nptel/Mechanical/Heat%20and%20M ass%20Transfer/Conduction/Module%203/main/3.3.html https://www.pdfcoke.com/document/289411218/Transport-Lab-Report-Experiment1-docx

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