Gopi - Ob Presentation

Tuesday, September 1, 2009

Done by,

G.A.Gopinath - 18

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Tuesday, September 1, 2009

GROUPS: Two or more individuals interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives.

CLASSIFICATION: c) d) e) f) g) h)

Formal Group Informal Group Command Group Task Group Interest Group Friendship Group 2

Tuesday, September 1, 2009

Formin g

Stormin g

Normin g

Performi ng

Adjournin g

Little agreemen t

Conflict increase d clarity of purpose

Agreement

Clear vision and purpose

Task completion

Unclear purpose Guidance and direction

Power struggles Coaching

and consensus Clear roles and responsibil i-ties

Focus on goal achieveme nt

Good feeling about achievements Recognition

Delegation

Facilitation 3

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– Groups do not progress linearly – Alternate between periods of inertia and bursts of energy

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ROLE: A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit. ROLE IDENTITY : Certain attitudes and behaviors consistent with a role.’ ROLE PERCEPTION: An individual’s view of how he or she is supposed to act in a given situation. ROLE EXPECTATIONS : How others believe a person should act in a given situation. ROLE CONFLICT : A situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations. 5

Tuesday, September 1, 2009

c) d) e) f)

Definition: Acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group’s members. CLASSES OF NORMS: Performance Norms Appearance Norms Social arrangement Norms Allocation of Resources Norms Conformity: Adjusting one’s behavior to align with the norms of the group. Reference groups: Important groups to which individuals belong or hope to belong and with whose norms individuals are likely to conform. 6

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Definition: Voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and, in doing so, threatens the well being of the organization or its members.

d) e) f) g)

Typology of Deviant Workplace Behavior In production In property Political Personal aggression 7

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Definition: A socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others. Status Characteristics theory: Theory stating that differences in status characteristics create status hierarchies within groups. Status and Norms Status and Group Interaction Status Inequity Status and Culture

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Size - Social loafing: The tendency for individuals to expand less effort when working collectively than when working individually.

Cohesiveness – Degree to which group members are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay in the group.

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Cohesiveness

Performance Norms

High

Low

High

Low

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Strengths of group decision making Weakness of group decision making Effectiveness and Efficiency

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Groupthink : Phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action Group shift : A change in decision risk between the group’s decision and the individual decision that members within the group would make can be either towards conservatism or greater risk. 12

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Brainstorming : An idea generation process that specifically encourages any and all alternatives while withholding any criticism of those alternatives.

Nominal group technique : A group decision making method in which individual members meet face to face to pool their judgments in a systematic but independent fashion.

Electronic meeting : A meeting in which members interact on computers allowing for anonymity of comments and aggregation of votes.

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ROLE CONFLICT AMONG TELEPHONE SERVICE EMPLOYEE

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THE DANGERS OF GROUP THINK

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Sometimes the desire of maintaining group harmony overrides the importance of making sound decisions. Examples of : 3) Large Air Force base – process improvement team. 4) Virginia Turezyn – Managing Director – Infinity Capital 5) Steve Blank – an entrepreneur – dotcom investor. 

“A single devil’s advocate or whistleblower faces a real uphill struggle” but if you (the naysayer) have one ally that is enormously strengthening.

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