Future Time, Simple Aspect
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Future Simple
A Fortune Cookie Will Predict Your Future
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Forms Your fortune cookie says: “
Next year will be a very interesting year”.
“will” (modal verb) + verb (never another modal) in the base form Equally, it may say:
“Next
year”.
year is going to be a very interesting
“be/is/are going to” (phrasal modal) + verb (never another modal) in the base form. Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Can we use “will” and “be going to” interchangeably? 1- Generally speaking, speaking both are used for making making predictions. However, “Be going to” expresses more certainty. Example: According to the weather report, it will rain tomorrow. According to the weather report, it’s going to rain tomorrow. Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Many times they are not interchangeable.
Spontaneity vs. Pre-planning Situation1 The phone is ringing. What do you say? I’ll
get it. I’m going to get it. Spontaneous answers that do not need a process of decision taking use will
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Which is more spontaneous? Situation 2 Question: What are you doing today?
Answers: I’m not sure.I guess I’ll go for a swim. or I made plans with my brother; We’re going to go for a swim. “Be going to” is pre-planned while “will” is not Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Situation 3 Your friend is visiting Cairo: Question: What are your accommodation plans? Possible answers:
I’m going to stay at the Marriott. - I’ll stay at the Marriott. Which one indicates that reservations have been made? -
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
What about immediacy?
When you have a plan, the future is more factual-like. It therefore becomes more present-like with the use of “be going to”.
Situation 4 You meet friends on your way to the library. They ask: “ where are you off to?” Do you say:
I’m going to borrow some books. - I will borrow some books. -
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Pre-planning and Immediacy (when it’s almost a fact)……
Situation 5 Your friends are getting married. Do you say: - They are going to get married next week - They will get married next week
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
More……… Situation 6 Your sister is pregnant. Do you say: - She is going to have a baby - She will have a baby
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Try this…….. Situation 6 On one of Disney rides, you lose your balance and shout:
“Help! I’m going to fall” - “Help! I’ll fall” -
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
So, do we only use “Will” to express spontaneity ? Situation 7 Your classmate is having paraphrasing problems.
Do you say: - I’ll help you - I’m going to help you “Will” helps express willingness to do something. It maybe related to spontaneity. It is also spontaneous.
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
“Will you love me forever?” Situation 8 In love?! Spontaneity and willingness often lead to promises. Right?
So, would your answer be: - I’m going to love you forever. - I’ll love you forever. “Will” is suitable for making promises.
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Requesting …… Situation 9 Now you want to ask her out on a date. Do you say:
Will you meet me at the show this Friday? - Are you going to meet me at the show this Friday? “are you going to” is NOT appropriate. Use “Will” for requests. -
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Formality…….. (White House press briefing by BRUCE REED, April 25, 1997) Let me introduce Bruce Reed, the President's Domestic Policy Advisor. He will talk about the service summit coming up this weekend. We also have Steve Silverman here. Steve is the Deputy Cabinet Secretary and he's been coordinating the administration's involvement in the summit. And so Steve will also be available here. I'll run through the schedule in a minute, but we see this as a great opportunity to focus the nation's attention on the importance of ………………… The summit starts off Sunday morning. We'll be leaving here very early. And the President, General Powell, President Bush, President Carter and Mayor Rendell will start off with ………………….Later in the day, I think the President will attend a service……….. The following morning there's the main plenary session from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. then the President will go to a lunch with a number of CEOs ……………. And then I believe he may also take part in some of the breakout sessions that are going to take place…….
“Will” is used in formal settings. In Academic papers, which form will you use then?
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
“Will” and “be going to” in narrating events. Example: Tomorrow night we are going to have a barbecue. Our guests will bring something to grill, and we’ll supply the rest. “Be going to” introduces the event, and “will” is used for further details.
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Other ways to express future simple The use of present tenses to express future Present
continuous Present simple
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By Nashwa Nashaat
Nov 10, 2008
How does the present continuous express the future simple? Be
going to as stated before has the structure of the present continuous. When the continuous form is used to express the future, the action must be definite or preplanned
Example: Question: Where are you off to? -I’m going to meet a friend in the Greek. -I’m meeting a friend in the Greek. Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
More examples with present cont. I’m
seeing my doctor tonight. I have an appointment at 9 pm I’m flying back home tomorrow for the holidays. We’re having a demo today in Ewart. The actions are either planned or definite or both.
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Use of present simple to express future simple To express events that are on definite schedule or timetable Examples: The have been renewing the restaurant, it opens at noon tomorrow Classes begin next week (next Monday) My aunt’s plane arrives at 6:05 sharp
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
A Fortune Cookie Will Predict Your Future
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Forms Your fortune cookie says: “
Next year will be a very interesting year”.
“will” (modal verb) + verb (never another modal) in the base form Equally, it may say:
“Next
year”.
year is going to be a very interesting
“be/is/are going to” (phrasal modal) + verb (never another modal) in the base form. Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Can we use “will” and “be going to” interchangeably? 1- Generally speaking, speaking both are used for making making predictions. However, “Be going to” expresses more certainty. Example: According to the weather report, it will rain tomorrow. According to the weather report, it’s going to rain tomorrow. Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Many times they are not interchangeable.
Spontaneity vs. Pre-planning Situation1 The phone is ringing. What do you say? I’ll
get it. I’m going to get it. Spontaneous answers that do not need a process of decision taking use will
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Which is more spontaneous? Situation 2 Question: What are you doing today?
Answers: I’m not sure.I guess I’ll go for a swim. or I made plans with my brother; We’re going to go for a swim. “Be going to” is pre-planned while “will” is not Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Situation 3 Your friend is visiting Cairo: Question: What are your accommodation plans? Possible answers:
I’m going to stay at the Marriott. - I’ll stay at the Marriott. Which one indicates that reservations have been made? -
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
What about immediacy?
When you have a plan, the future is more factual-like. It therefore becomes more present-like with the use of “be going to”.
Situation 4 You meet friends on your way to the library. They ask: “ where are you off to?” Do you say:
I’m going to borrow some books. - I will borrow some books. -
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Pre-planning and Immediacy (when it’s almost a fact)……
Situation 5 Your friends are getting married. Do you say: - They are going to get married next week - They will get married next week
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
More……… Situation 6 Your sister is pregnant. Do you say: - She is going to have a baby - She will have a baby
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Try this…….. Situation 6 On one of Disney rides, you lose your balance and shout:
“Help! I’m going to fall” - “Help! I’ll fall” -
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
So, do we only use “Will” to express spontaneity ? Situation 7 Your classmate is having paraphrasing problems.
Do you say: - I’ll help you - I’m going to help you “Will” helps express willingness to do something. It maybe related to spontaneity. It is also spontaneous.
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
“Will you love me forever?” Situation 8 In love?! Spontaneity and willingness often lead to promises. Right?
So, would your answer be: - I’m going to love you forever. - I’ll love you forever. “Will” is suitable for making promises.
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Requesting …… Situation 9 Now you want to ask her out on a date. Do you say:
Will you meet me at the show this Friday? - Are you going to meet me at the show this Friday? “are you going to” is NOT appropriate. Use “Will” for requests. -
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Formality…….. (White House press briefing by BRUCE REED, April 25, 1997) Let me introduce Bruce Reed, the President's Domestic Policy Advisor. He will talk about the service summit coming up this weekend. We also have Steve Silverman here. Steve is the Deputy Cabinet Secretary and he's been coordinating the administration's involvement in the summit. And so Steve will also be available here. I'll run through the schedule in a minute, but we see this as a great opportunity to focus the nation's attention on the importance of ………………… The summit starts off Sunday morning. We'll be leaving here very early. And the President, General Powell, President Bush, President Carter and Mayor Rendell will start off with ………………….Later in the day, I think the President will attend a service……….. The following morning there's the main plenary session from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. then the President will go to a lunch with a number of CEOs ……………. And then I believe he may also take part in some of the breakout sessions that are going to take place…….
“Will” is used in formal settings. In Academic papers, which form will you use then?
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
“Will” and “be going to” in narrating events. Example: Tomorrow night we are going to have a barbecue. Our guests will bring something to grill, and we’ll supply the rest. “Be going to” introduces the event, and “will” is used for further details.
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Other ways to express future simple The use of present tenses to express future Present
continuous Present simple
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By Nashwa Nashaat
Nov 10, 2008
How does the present continuous express the future simple? Be
going to as stated before has the structure of the present continuous. When the continuous form is used to express the future, the action must be definite or preplanned
Example: Question: Where are you off to? -I’m going to meet a friend in the Greek. -I’m meeting a friend in the Greek. Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
More examples with present cont. I’m
seeing my doctor tonight. I have an appointment at 9 pm I’m flying back home tomorrow for the holidays. We’re having a demo today in Ewart. The actions are either planned or definite or both.
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
Use of present simple to express future simple To express events that are on definite schedule or timetable Examples: The have been renewing the restaurant, it opens at noon tomorrow Classes begin next week (next Monday) My aunt’s plane arrives at 6:05 sharp
Nov 10, 2008
Examples adapted from Celce-Murcia & Larsen Freeman (1999) By N.Nashaat
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