1 1.1 กก ก ก 5 # $%ก ก& ก'(ก (conformance problem) 67ก89' (performance problem) #:; ก (efficiency problem) ก ((ก99ก#9$ก (process design problem) 7#ก((ก9967' AB (product design problem) E'&7## '(ก$;ก7# F(F( กก'&ก((ก (Smith, 1998) (%&กM'ก7&$:Nก O%#9%9$;กกEก:BEก& (Six Sigma methodology) E F(F( ก % Q 9 F ( กQ&$%( Bก $:Nก ก (%& #9%9$;กกEก:BEก&$;กก #99 F(F( F(F(:N' $ F(F(กกNRก 79กQ(%& #: (Breyfogle, 2003; Pydek, 2003; Taguchi, Chowdhury & Wu, 2004) #`%( BกQ7%& Q& 9a %( 7 b9(B ก 9aEก OO7% (#`%) ก 7#&$%; กกE&(9 (ก`% 9a ก9% ก (Q) #9%9$;กกEก:BEก&Q(%& #:;67 7#9ก%(9$& $;89'99(%&%%ก กก#9$ก( ' :กก67 ' (ก(ก' R7:$:c, 2546; Q'B$ ก , ก(ก' R7:$:c 7# N N$9 ', 2547; $:Q% :$, 2546; # `กc `f `B, 2549) '$(%&ก7&$7กfQ#กaB :9: $:Nกก(#9%9$;กกEก:BEก&
2
N$	%9$;กกEก:BEก&99 (traditional Six Sigma methodology) :Nก7%# '&กM% 9(9ก &('(ก ก9 (%&'&(F( F(กก#:; ก% 6R $ % $ #B( B#ก(9: (#9%9$;กกEก:BEก&99F ( DMAIC 9$& % 9ก &(กก7กa# (1) E:'
7ก (root causes) ก7%'$ (Yang & Trewn, 2004) (2) ก7 #%#$7ก67' (Gorge, 2002) (3) ก:ก#9$ก: $# (robustness) 7#ก7 $6(ก#9$ก (Taguchi, Chowdhury & Wu, 2004) 7# (4) ก$กก99R; :N9 O%ก m#9%9$;กก#:; ก $%ก$% 6R$%f#6R กaF(กก $%Eก:BEก&กM 9 F(ก 9ก &((#9%9$;กกEก:BEก&ก7&$ O% 9$& O กEก:BEก& (Six Sigma project) &'ก$&(%7# 20 $'( 7#9%9$;กกEก:BEก&99QกO%$ F(ก ก#:; % $ %' 6R $ % m #9%9$;กก & E %ก$& Eก:BEก&996:6: (Fusion Six Sigma) O%9 ก#9%9$;ก กEก:BEก&99 7กa#: (#9%9$;กกEก:BEก& 996:6:#ก(9$% (1) ก F(F(กก : ก& $;กก99Q (Shainin problem solving method) $;ก((ก99 ก7(996:6: (fusion design of experiment method) qarกก Q$'ก (TRIZ) F(F(กก997 (lean) $`$ก & (value engineering) ก$ #B P-M (P-M analysis) $;กกRQ (Taguchi method) 7# ก$ #B'$7%'$ (multivariate statistical methods) 7# (2) ก
m#9%9$;กก%F% &'&(กก ก O%$ : m#ก(9$% 4 :&$ F( ก$ #B ก$ #B(R7
3
(' ก$ #B ( R 7 กก7( 7#กQ F(F(:9: ก ก R ; E ก :B E ก & 996:6: NR ก m $:Nกก ก$&99 F(ก#9%9$; ก7&$กก6: 7 (synergy) #$& F(F( $ 7ก7%7##:; กก:R F(Q$7กvwก(9 &กก9Eก:BEก&99กM:NO%ก7F( $E 9 E ( :N'&'&(กก7'&F( กกก (%& กM ' Q	%9$;กกEก:BEก&996:6:(%& %$#ก67' Snee and Hoerl (2003); Lee (2000); Eckes (2001b); SGS (2006) 7# Breyfogle , Cupello and Meadows (2001) `กa 9$& กEก:BEก& Q97 67(%R&ก9%& $:M (critical success factors) (#ก(9$% 9 % F( (1) Oกกก(F:9: (supporting program) (2) $#6R (leadership) (3) กO กEก:BEก& (project execution) (4) O ก Eก:BEก& (Six Sigma project team) (5) :9'(6RQ%$Q#9:% (Black Belt) (6) กvwก(9Eก:BEก& (7) กQ F(F( (8) ก#9$ก:F(: (communication process) 7# (9) $m;( Bก %ก7&$ $& 67Q&%$กก #9 % 9$ ; ก กEก:BEก&996:6:Q กก`กa%& $:Mก Eก:BEก&Q F(9
9$& $#6R Oกกก (F : 9 : ก 7F ( กO กE ก :B E ก & กO กEก:BEก& ก#9$ก:F(: 7#$m;( Bก $: (%&%Q&$%:9: O กEก:BEก&(%&#:; # % 7& 9 7F( 7 7#ก: %กQกก(%& % ( (Snee & Hoerl, 2003; Lee, 2000; Eckes, 2001a) %& $:M#ก'&( ก& O กEก:BEก&O%{ #(%&%6RQ%$Q#9:% (Black Belt) E6R กO กEก:BEก& (Harry & Schroeder, 2000) (กก
4
กvwก(9 ก $ 7# $:NกQ F(F('&| ($'กQ F(กกM%& $:M: ( ก #ก (Lee, 2000) 7#%& $:M#ก: % F( กQ F(F( (%&NRก'(7##:; F(ก(%R&'('&|(%& #: F(F(ก7&$Q&$%ก$ #B(R77#Q&$% : N$ก ก: (Bhote & Bhote, 2000) ก m$'ก กQ'(ก:(9 : (field test) F( $#::NกB ก&(6% 	ก$ $%' 6R$%`กaก#9%9$;กEก:BEก&996:6:Q ก89'ก9 $%$;ก7( : (field experimental research) 99(ก#9$ก( ':กก67' 67ก7( :NRก ก ` ก a F ( :7 ก fQ#กaB(ก #% ก'BQ (`กa%& $:MกEก:BEก&996:6: Q$%$;$% $ ก` ก aก7&$ก m( B $R( (F(#O%QB'&( $ก$ OO7%ก9 7#ก mก%R ( Bกก9 (%&'&(F(( '
1.2 ! ก$ ก7(#9%9$;กกEก:BEก&996:6:Q ( ':ก67' ก N$% 1) #9 % 9$ ; ก กEก:BEก&996:6::N#% ก 'B Q ก( ':กก67'F(& (%& 2) 9ก &((#9%9$;กกEก:BEก&996:6:(%R& F((# 7#9 (%& 3) %& $:Mก#9%9$;กกEก:BEก&996:6: Q F((#
5
1.3 #$%&ก %()ก* ก`กa$% 6R$% $#: B'(ก`กa 1) 7(#9%9$;กกEก:BEก&996:6:Q( ':ก 7#9 #9%9$;กกEก:BEก&996:6: 2) F(`กa%& $:MกEก:BEก&996:6:Q
1.4 ,%%- ก % . $%O :ก:( F( 9 1 9 :(F( $ $7# $: ( N$% 7#$ ' N #: B (ก` ก a 9 2 :(ก9$$ก7#ก(9$ $ ก$% 9 3 :(F( #9 % 9$ ; $ % 9 4 :(67ก#9%9$;กกEก:BEก&99 6:6:Q 7#ก9 #9%9$;กกEก:B&996:6: E 67ก` ก a'$ ' N #: B ( 1) 9 5 :(ก` ก a % & $:Mก#9%9$;กกEก:BEก&996:6:Q E67 ก`กa'$'N #: B( 2) 7#9 6 :(ก: 67 ก( %67 7# (:(# (กก 6$ก%:($ '&|7กa# `a( #9%9$;กกEก:BEก&996:6: (R7Q กก`กa$% $;$% $ 7#ก`กaE:ก#% ก'B#9%9$;กกEก:BEก&99 6:6:Qกก( ':กก67'