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Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the beverage. For its manufacturer, see The Coca-Cola Company. "Coca-Cola Classic" redirects here. For the NCAA football game, see Coca-Cola Classic (college football).

Coca-Cola

Type

Soft drink (Cola)

Manufacturer

The Coca-Cola Company

Country of origin United States Introduced

1886

Color

Caramel E-150d Cola, Cola Green Tea, Cola Lemon,

Flavor

Cola Lemon Lime, Cola Lime, Cola Orange and Cola Raspberry.

Variants

See Brand portfolio section below

Related products Pepsi Irn Bru RC Cola Cola Turka Zam Zam Cola

Mecca Cola Virgin Cola Parsi Cola Qibla Cola Evoca Cola Corsica Cola Breizh Cola Afri Cola

The Las Vegas Strip World of Coca-Cola museum in 2000 Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants and vending machines internationally. The Coca-Cola Company claims that the beverage is sold in more than 200 countries.[1] It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a now genericized trademark) or (in European and American countries) as cola or pop. Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The company produces concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and vending machines. Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest single Coca-

Cola bottler in North America and western Europe. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains to major restaurants and food service distributors. The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special editions with lemon, lime or coffee. In response to consumer insistence on a more natural product, the company is in the process of phasing out E211, or sodium benzoate, the controversial additive used in Diet Coke and linked to DNA damage to yeast cells and hyperactivity in children. The company has stated that it plans to remove E211 from its other products, including Sprite and Oasis, as soon as a satisfactory alternative is found.[2]

Contents [hide] •

•

•

•

1 History ○

1.1 New Coke

○

1.2 21st Century

2 Use of stimulants in formula ○

2.1 Coca — cocaine

○

2.2 Kola nuts — caffeine

3 Production ○

3.1 Ingredients

○

3.2 Formula of natural flavorings

○

3.3 Franchised production model

4 Brand portfolio ○

4.1 Logo design

○

4.2 Contour bottle design

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5 Local competitors

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6 Advertising ○

6.1 Holiday campaigns

○

6.2 Sports sponsorship

○

6.3 In mass media

•

7 Health effects

•

8 Criticism

•

9 Urban myths ○

•

9.1 Use as a spermicide

10 Use as a political and corporate symbol

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11 See also ○

11.1 Coca-Cola variations

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12 Notes

•

13 External links

History The first Coca-Cola recipe was invented in a drugstore in Columbus, Georgia by John Pemberton, originally as a cocawine called Pemberton's French Wine Coca in 1885.[3] He may have been inspired by the formidable success of Vin Mariani, a European cocawine. In 1886, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed prohibition legislation, Pemberton responded by developing Coca-Cola, essentially a non-alcoholic version of French Wine Cola.[4] The first sales were at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886.[5] It was initially sold as a patent medicine for five cents[6] a glass at soda fountains, which were popular in the United States at the time due to the belief that carbonated water was good for the health.[7] Pemberton claimed Coca-Cola cured many diseases, including morphine addiction, dyspepsia, neurasthenia, headache, and impotence. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of the same year in the Atlanta Journal.[8] By 1888, three versions of Coca-Cola—sold by three separate businesses—were on the market. Asa Griggs Candler acquired a stake in Pemberton's company in 1887 and incorporated it as the Coca Cola Company in 1888.[9] The same year, while suffering from an ongoing addiction to morphine,[citation needed] Pemberton sold the rights a second time to four more businessmen: J.C. Mayfield, A.O. Murphey, C.O. Mullahy and E.H. Bloodworth. Meanwhile, Pemberton's alcoholic[citation needed] son Charley Pemberton began selling his own version of the product.[10] John Pemberton declared that the name "Coca-Cola" belonged to Charley, but the other two manufacturers could continue to use the formula. So, in the summer of 1888, Candler sold his beverage under the names Yum Yum and Koke. After both failed to catch on, Candler set out to establish a legal claim to Coca-Cola in late 1888, in order to force his two competitors out of the business. Candler purchased exclusive rights to the formula from John Pemberton, Margaret Dozier and Woolfolk Walker. However, in 1914, Dozier came forward to claim her signature on the bill of sale had been forged, and subsequent analysis has indicated John Pemberton's signature was most likely a forgery as well.[11]

Old German Coca-Cola bottle opener

In 1892 Candler incorporated a second company, The Coca-Cola Company (the current corporation), and in 1910 Candler had the earliest records of the company burned, further obscuring its legal origins. By the time of its 50th anniversary, the drink had reached the status of a national icon in the USA. In 1935, it was certified kosher by Rabbi Tobias Geffen, after the company made minor changes in the sourcing of some ingredients.[12] Coca-Cola was sold in bottles for the first time on March 12, 1894. The first outdoor wall advertisement was painted in the same year as well in Cartersville, Georgia.[13] Cans of Coke first appeared in 1955.[14] The first bottling of Coca-Cola occurred in Vicksburg, Mississippi, at the Biedenharn Candy Company in 1891. Its proprietor was Joseph A. Biedenharn. The original bottles were Biedenharn bottles, very different from the much later hobble-skirt design that is now so familiar. Asa Candler was tentative about bottling the drink, but two entrepreneurs from Chattanooga, Tennessee, Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead, proposed the idea and were so persuasive that Candler signed a contract giving them control of the procedure for only one dollar. Candler never collected his dollar, but in 1899 Chattanooga became the site of the first Coca-Cola bottling company.[15] The loosely termed contract proved to be problematic for the company for decades to come. Legal matters were not helped by the decision of the bottlers to subcontract to other companies, effectively becoming parent bottlers.[16] Coke concentrate, or Coke syrup, was and is sold separately at pharmacies in small quantities, as an over-the-counter remedy for nausea or mildly upset stomach.

New Coke Main article: New Coke On April 23, 1985, Coca-Cola, amid much publicity, attempted to change the formula of the drink with "New Coke". Follow-up taste tests revealed that most consumers preferred the taste of New Coke to both Coke and Pepsi, but Coca-Cola management was unprepared for the public's nostalgia for the old drink, leading to a backlash. The company gave in to protests and returned to a variation of the old formula, with high-fructose replacing cane sugar, under the name CocaCola Classic on July 10, 1985.

21st Century On February 7, 2005, the Coca-Cola Company announced that in the second quarter of 2005 they planned to launch a Diet Coke product sweetened with the artificial sweetener sucralose ("Splenda"), the same sweetener currently used in Pepsi One.[17][18] On March 21, 2005, it announced another diet product, Coca-Cola Zero, sweetened partly with a blend of aspartame and acesulfame potassium.[19] In 2007, Coca-Cola began to sell a new "healthy soda": Diet Coke with vitamins B6, B12, magnesium, niacin, and zinc, marketed as "Diet Coke Plus." On July 5, 2005, it was revealed that Coca-Cola would resume operations in Iraq for the first time since the Arab League boycotted the company in 1968.[20] In April 2007, in Canada, the name "Coca-Cola Classic" was changed back to "Coca-Cola." The word "Classic" was truncated because "New Coke" was no longer in production, eliminating the need to differentiate between the two.[21] The formula remained unchanged. In January 2009, Coca-Cola stopped printing the word "Classic" on the labels of 16-ounce bottles sold in parts of the southeastern United States.[22] The change is part of a larger strategy to rejuvenate the product's image.[22]

Use of stimulants in formula

When launched Coca-Cola's two key ingredients were cocaine (benzoylmethyl ecgonine) and caffeine. The cocaine was derived from the coca leaf and the caffeine from kola nut, leading to the name Coca-Cola (the "K" in Kola was replaced with a "C" for marketing purposes).[23][24]

Coca — cocaine Pemberton called for five ounces of coca leaf per gallon of syrup, a significant dose; in 1891, Candler claimed his formula (altered extensively from Pemberton's original) contained only a tenth of this amount. Coca-Cola did once contain an estimated nine milligrams of cocaine per glass, but in 1903 it was removed.[25] Coca-Cola still contains coca flavoring. After 1904, instead of using fresh leaves, Coca-Cola started using "spent" leaves—the leftovers of the cocaine-extraction process with cocaine trace levels left over at a molecular level.[26] To this day, Coca-Cola uses as an ingredient a cocaine-free coca leaf extract prepared at a Stepan Company plant in Maywood, New Jersey. In the United States, Stepan Company is the only manufacturing plant authorized by the Federal Government to import and process the coca plant,[27] which it obtains mainly from Peru and, to a lesser extent, Bolivia. Besides producing the coca flavoring agent for Coca-Cola, Stepan Company extracts cocaine from the coca leaves, which it sells to Mallinckrodt, a St. Louis, Missouri pharmaceutical manufacturer that is the only company in the United States licensed to purify cocaine for medicinal use.[28] Stepan Company buys about 100 metric tons of dried Peruvian coca leaves each year, according to Marco Castillo, spokesman for Peru's state-owned National Coca Co.[29]

Kola nuts — caffeine Kola nuts act as a flavoring and the source of caffeine in Coca-Cola. In Britain, for example, the ingredient label states "Flavourings (Including Caffeine)."[30] Kola nuts contain about 2 percent to 3.5 percent caffeine, are of bitter flavor and are commonly used in cola soft drinks. In 1911, the U.S. government initiated United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola, hoping to force Coca-Cola to remove caffeine from its formula. The case was decided in favor of CocaCola. Subsequently, in 1912 the U.S. Pure Food and Drug Act was amended, adding caffeine to the list of "habit-forming" and "deleterious" substances which must be listed on a product's label. Coca-Cola contains 34 mg of caffeine per 12 fluid ounces, while Diet Coke Caffeine-Free contains 0 mg.[31]

Production

A 350 ml Coca-Cola.

Ingredients •

Carbonated water

•

Sugar (sucrose or fructose depending on country of origin)

•

Caffeine

•

Phosphoric acid v. Caramel (E150d)

•

Natural flavourings[32]

A can of Coca-Cola (330 millilitres (12 imp fl oz; 11 US fl oz)) contains 35 grams (1.2 oz), or 78 teaspoons, of sugar.[33]

Bottles of Coca-Cola Zero and Coca-Cola Light

Formula of natural flavorings Main article: Coca-Cola formula The exact formula of Coca-Cola's natural flavourings (but not its other ingredients which are listed on the side of the bottle or can) is a famous trade secret. The original copy of the formula is held in SunTrust Bank's main vault in Atlanta. Its predecessor, the Trust Company, was the underwriter for the Coca-Cola Company's initial public offering in 1919. A popular myth states that only two executives have access to the formula, with each executive having only half the formula.[34] The truth is that while Coca-Cola does have a rule restricting access to only two executives, each knows the entire formula and others, in addition to the prescribed duo, have known the formulation process.[35]

Franchised production model The actual production and distribution of Coca-Cola follows a franchising model. The Coca-Cola Company only produces a syrup concentrate, which it sells to bottlers throughout the world, who hold Coca-Cola franchises for one or more geographical areas. The bottlers produce the final drink by mixing the syrup with filtered water and sweeteners, and then carbonate it before putting it in cans and bottles, which the bottlers then sell and distribute to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service distributors.[36] The Coca-Cola Company owns minority shares in some of its largest franchises, like Coca-Cola Enterprises, Coca-Cola Amatil, Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company (CCHBC) and Coca-Cola FEMSA, but fully independent bottlers produce almost half of the volume sold in the world. Independent bottlers are allowed to sweeten the drink according to local tastes.[37] The bottling plant in Skopje, Macedonia received the 2009 award for "Best Bottling Company". [38]

Brand portfolio Name

Launched Discontinued

Coca-Cola

1886

Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola

1983

Coca-Cola Cherry

1985

New Coke/"CocaCola II"

1985

Notes

The original version of Coca-Cola.

Was available in Canada starting in 1996. Called "Cherry Coca-Cola (Cherry Coke)" in North America until 2006. Zero-calorie variant (Coca-Cola Cherry Zero) also currently available.

2002

Still available in Yap and American Samoa

Still available in:

Coca-Cola with Lemon

2001

2005

American Samoa, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, China, Denmark, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Korea, Luxembourg, Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Réunion, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States, and West BankGaza

Picture

Still available in:

Coca-Cola Vanilla

2002

2005

It was reintroduced in June 2007 by popular demand

2007

Coca-Cola C2

2003

Coca-Cola with Lime

2005

Coca-Cola Raspberry

2007

Was only available in Japan, Canada, and the United States.

Available in Belgium, Netherlands, Singapore,Canada, and the United States.

June 2005 End of 2005 Was only available in New Zealand.

Coca-Cola Zero

2005

Coca-Cola M5

2005

Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla

2006

Coca-Cola Blāk

Austria, Australia, China, Germany, Hong Kong, New Zealand (600ml only) Malaysia, Sweden (Imported) and Russia. Was called "Vanilla Coca-Cola (Vanilla Coke)" during initial U.S. availability.

2006

Only available in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Germany, Italy, Spain, Mexico and Brazil Middle of 2007

Was replaced by Vanilla Coke in June 2007

Only available in the United States, France, Beginning of Canada, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, 2008 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Lithuania

Coca-Cola Citra

2006

Only available in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, New Zealand and Japan.

Coca-Cola Light Sango

2006

Only available in France and Belgium.

Coca-Cola Orange

2007

Only available in the United Kingdom and Gibraltar

2008

Introduced in bottle form after Coke Classic in cans was made. Available in Australia and the United States.

Coca-Cola Classic

Logo design

U.S. containers as of 2008[update]. Sizes vary from 8 US fl oz (240 mL) to 2 L (68 US fl oz), shown in cans and glass and plastic bottles. The famous Coca-Cola logo was created by John Pemberton's bookkeeper, Frank Mason Robinson, in 1885.[39] Robinson came up with the name and chose the logo's distinctive cursive script. The typeface used, known as Spencerian script, was developed in the mid 19th century and was the dominant form of formal handwriting in the United States during that period. Robinson also played a significant role in early Coca-Cola advertising. His promotional suggestions to Pemberton included giving away thousands of free drink coupons and plastering the city of Atlanta with publicity banners and streetcar signs.[40]

Contour bottle design The equally famous Coca-Cola bottle, called the "contour bottle" within the company, but known to some as the "hobble skirt" bottle, was created in 1915 by bottle designer Earl R. Dean. In 1915, the Coca-Cola Company launched a competition among its bottle suppliers to create a new bottle for the beverage that would distinguish it from other beverage bottles, "a bottle which a

person could recognize even if they felt it in the dark, and so shaped that, even if broken, a person could tell at a glance what it was."[41]

Earl R. Dean's original 1915 concept drawing of the contour Coca-Cola bottle Chapman J. Root, president of the Root Glass Company, turned the project over to members of his supervisory staff, including company auditor T. Clyde Edwards, plant superintendent Alexander Samuelsson, and Earl R. Dean, bottle designer and supervisor of the bottle molding room. Root and his subordinates decided to base the bottle's design on one of the soda's two ingredients, the coca leaf or the kola nut, but were unaware of what either ingredient looked like. Dean and Edwards went to the Emeline Fairbanks Memorial Library and were unable to find any information about coca or kola. Instead, Dean was inspired by a picture of the gourd-shaped cocoa pod in the Encyclopedia Britannica. Dean made a rough sketch of the pod and returned back to the plant to show Mr. Root. He explained to Root how he could transform the shape of the pod into a bottle. Chapman Root gave Dean his approval.[41]

The prototype never made it to production since its middle diameter was larger than its base, making it unstable on conveyor belts. Faced with the upcoming scheduled maintenance of the mold-making machinery, over the next 24 hours Dean sketched out a concept drawing which was approved by Root the next morning.

Dean then proceeded to create a bottle mold and produced a small number of bottles before the glass-molding machinery was turned off.[42] Chapman Root approved the prototype bottle and a design patent was issued on the bottle in November, 1915. The prototype never made it to production since its middle diameter was larger than its base, making it unstable on conveyor belts. Dean resolved this issue by decreasing the bottle's middle diameter. During the 1916 bottler's convention, Dean's contour bottle was chosen over other entries and was on the market the same year. By 1920, the contour bottle became the standard for the Coca-Cola Company. Today, the contour Coca-Cola bottle is one of the most recognized packages on the planet..."even in the dark!".[43]

Dean reduced the middle diameter, creating the famed Contour Coca-Cola bottle. As a reward for his efforts, Dean was offered a choice between a $500 bonus or a lifetime job at the Root Glass Company. He chose the lifetime job and kept it until the Owens-Illinois Glass Company bought out the Root Glass Company in the mid-1930s. Dean went on to work in other Midwestern glass factories. Although endorsed by some[who?], this version of events is not considered authoritative by many[who?] who consider it implausible. One alternative depiction has Raymond Loewy as the inventor of the unique design, but, while Loewy did serve as a designer of Coke cans and bottles in later years, he was in the French Army the year the bottle was invented and did not emigrate to the United States until 1919. Others have attributed inspiration for the design not to the cocoa pod, but to a Victorian hooped dress.[44] In 1944, Associate Justice Roger J. Traynor of the Supreme Court of California took advantage of a case involving a waitress injured by an exploding Coca-Cola bottle to articulate the doctrine of strict liability for defective products. Traynor's concurring opinion in Escola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. is widely recognized as a landmark case in U.S. law today.[45] In 1997, Coca-Cola also introduced a "contour can," similar in shape to its famous bottle, on a few test markets, including Terre Haute, Indiana.[46] The new can has never been widely released. A new slim and tall can began to appear in Australia as of December 20, 2006, it cost AU$1.95. The cans have a distinct resemblance to energy drinks that are popular with teenagers. The cans were commissioned by Domino's Pizza and are available exclusively at their restaurants. In January 2007, Coca-Cola Canada changed "Coca-Cola Classic" labeling, removing the "Classic" designation, leaving only "Coca-Cola." Coca-Cola stated this is merely a name change and the product remains the same. The cans still bear the "Classic" logo in the United States.

Coca-Cola in the new aluminum bottle. Coca-Cola is a registered trademark in most countries. The U.S. trademark was registered in the United States Patent Office on January 31, 1893. In the UK, Coca-Cola was registered with the UK Patent Office on July 11, 1922, under registration number 427817. In 2007, Coca-Cola introduced an aluminum can designed to look like the original glass CocaCola bottles. In 2007, the company's logo on cans and bottles changed. The cans and bottles retained the red color and familiar typeface, but the design was simplified, leaving only the logo and a plain white swirl (the "dynamic ribbon"). In 2008, in some parts of the world, the plastic bottles for all Coke varieties (including the larger 1.25- and 2-liter bottles) was changed to include a new plastic screw cap and a contoured bottle shape designed to evoke the old glass bottles.

Local competitors Pepsi is usually second to Coke in sales, but outsells Coca-Cola in some markets. Around the world, some local brands compete with Coke. In South and Central America Kola Real, known as Big Cola in Mexico, is a fast-growing competitor to Coca-Cola.[47] On the French island of Corsica, Corsica Cola, made by brewers of the local Pietra beer, is a growing competitor to Coca-Cola. In the French region of Bretagne, Breizh Cola is available. In Peru, Inca Kola outsells Coca-Cola, which lead The Coca-Cola Company to purchase the brand in 1999. In Sweden, Julmust outsells Coca-Cola during the Christmas season.[48] In Scotland, the locallyproduced Irn-Bru was more popular than Coca-Cola until 2005, when Coca-Cola and Diet Coke began to outpace its sales.[49] In India, Coca-Cola ranked third behind the leader, Pepsi-Cola, and local drink Thums Up. The Coca-Cola Company purchased Thums Up in 1993.[50] As of 2004, Coca-Cola held a 60.9% market-share in India.[51] Tropicola, a domestic drink, is served in Cuba instead of Coca-Cola, due to a United States embargo. French brand Mecca Cola and British brand Qibla Cola, popular in the Middle East, are competitors to Coca-Cola. In Turkey, Cola Turka is a major competitor to Coca-Cola. In Iran and many countries of Middle East, Zam Zam Cola and Parsi Cola are major competitors to Coca-Cola. In some parts of China Future cola is a competitor. In Slovenia, the locally-produced Cockta is a major competitor to Coca-Cola, as is the inexpensive Mercator Cola, which is sold only in the country's biggest supermarket chain,

Mercator. In Israel, RC Cola is an inexpensive competitor. Classiko Cola, made by Tiko Group, the largest manufacturing company in Madagascar , is a serious competitor to Coca-Cola in many regions. Laranjada is the top-selling soft drink on the Portuguese island of Madeira. CocaCola has stated that Pepsi was not its main rival in the UK, but rather Robinsons drinks.[citation needed]

Advertising

An 1890s advertisement showing model Hilda Clark in formal 19th century attire. The ad is titled Drink Coca-Cola 5¢.

Coca-Cola ghost sign in Fort Dodge, Iowa. Note older Coca-Cola ghosts behind Borax and telephone ads. Coca-Cola's advertising has significantly affected American culture, and it is frequently credited with inventing the modern image of Santa Claus as an old man in a red-and-white suit. Although the company did start using the red-and-white Santa image in the 1930s, with its winter advertising campaigns illustrated by Haddon Sundblom, the motif was already common.[52] Coca-

Cola was not even the first soft drink company to use the modern image of Santa Claus in its advertising: White Rock Beverages used Santa in advertisements for its ginger ale in 1923, after first using him to sell mineral water in 1915.[53][54] Before Santa Claus, Coca-Cola relied on images of smartly-dressed young women to sell its beverages. Coca-Cola's first such advertisement appeared in 1895, featuring the young Bostonian actress Hilda Clark as its spokeswoman. 1941 saw the first use of the nickname "Coke" as an official trademark for the product, with a series of advertisements informing consumers that "Coke means Coca-Cola".[55] In 1971, a song from a Coca-Cola commercial called "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing," produced by Billy Davis, became a hit single. Coke's advertising is pervasive, as one of Woodruff's stated goals was to ensure that everyone on Earth drank Coca-Cola as their preferred beverage. This is especially true in southern areas of the United States, such as Atlanta, where Coke was born.

Coca-Cola sales booth on the Cape Verde island of Fogo in 2004. Some of the memorable Coca-Cola television commercials between 1960 through 1986 were written and produced by former Atlanta radio veteran Don Naylor (WGST 1936–1950, WAGA 1951–1959) during his career as a producer for the McCann Erickson advertising agency. Many of these early television commercials for Coca-Cola featured movie stars, sports heroes and popular singers. During the 1980s, Pepsi-Cola ran a series of television advertisements showing people participating in taste tests demonstrating that, according to the commercials, "fifty percent of the participants who said they preferred Coke actually chose the Pepsi." Statisticians were quick to point out the problematic nature of a 50/50 result: most likely, all the taste tests really showed was that in blind tests, most people simply cannot tell the difference between Pepsi and Coke. Coca-Cola ran ads to combat Pepsi's ads in an incident sometimes referred to as the cola wars; one of Coke's ads compared the so-called Pepsi challenge to two chimpanzees deciding which tennis ball was furrier. Thereafter, Coca-Cola regained its leadership in the market. Selena was a spokesperson for Coca-Cola from 1989 till the time of her death. She filmed three commercials for the company. In 1994, to commemorate her five years with the company, CocaCola issued special Selena coke bottles.[56]

The Coca-Cola Company purchased Columbia Pictures in 1982, and began inserting Cokeproduct images in many of its films. After a few early successes during Coca-Cola's ownership, Columbia began to under-perform, and the studio was sold to Sony in 1989. Coca-Cola has gone through a number of different advertising slogans in its long history, including "The pause that refreshes," "I'd like to buy the world a Coke," and "Coke is it" (see Coca-Cola slogans). In 2006, Coca-Cola introduced My Coke Rewards, a customer loyalty campaign where consumers earn points by entering codes from specially-marked packages of Coca-Cola products into a website. These points can be redeemed for various prizes or sweepstakes entries.[57]

Holiday campaigns

Coca-Cola Christmas truck in Germany The "Holidays are coming!" advertisement features a train of red delivery trucks, emblazoned with the Coca-Cola name and decorated with electric lights, driving through a snowy landscape and causing everything that they pass to light up and people to watch as they pass through.[58] The advertisement fell into disuse in 2001, as the Coca-Cola company restructured its advertising campaigns so that advertising around the world was produced locally in each country, rather than centrally in the company's headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia.[59] However, in 2007, the company brought back the campaign after, according to the company, many consumers telephoned its information center saying that they considered it to mark the beginning of Christmas.[58] The advertisement was created by U.S. advertising agency Doner, and has been part of the company's global advertising campaign for many years.[60] Keith Law, a producer and writer of commercials for Belfast CityBeat, was not convinced by Coca-Cola's reintroduction of the advertisement in 2007, saying that "I don't think there's anything Christmassy about HGVs and the commercial is too generic."[61] In 2001, singer Melanie Thornton recorded the campaign's advertising jingle as a single, Wonderful Dream (Holidays are Coming), which entered the pop-music charts in Germany at no. 9.[62][63] In 2005, Coca-Cola expanded the advertising campaign to radio, employing several variations of the jingle.[64]

Sports sponsorship

Coca-Cola was the first commercial sponsor of the Olympic games, at the 1928 games in Amsterdam, and has been an Olympics sponsor ever since.[65] This corporate sponsorship included the 1996 Summer Olympics hosted in Atlanta, which allowed Coca-Cola to spotlight its hometown. Since 1978, Coca-Cola has sponsored each FIFA World Cup, and other competitions organised by FIFA. In fact, one FIFA tournament trophy, the FIFA World Youth Championship from Tunisia in 1977 to Malaysia in 1997, was called "FIFA — Coca Cola Cup".[66] In addition, Coca-Cola sponsors the annual Coca-Cola 600 and Coke Zero 400 for the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series at Lowe's Motor Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina and Daytona International Speedway in Daytona, Florida. Coca-Cola has a long history of sports marketing relationships, which over the years have included Major League Baseball, the National Football League, National Basketball Association and the National Hockey League, as well as with many teams within those leagues. Coca-Cola is the official soft drink of many collegiate football teams throughout the nation. Coca-Cola was one of the official sponsors of the 1996 Cricket World Cup held on the Indian subcontinent. Coca Cola is also one of the associate sponsor of Delhi Daredevils in Indian Premier League. In England, Coca-Cola is the main sponsor of The Football League, a name given to the three professional divisions below the Premier League in football (soccer). It is also responsible for the renaming of these divisions — until the advent of Coca-Cola sponsorship, they were referred to as Divisions One, Two and Three. Since 2004, the divisions have been known as The Championship (equiv. of Division 1), League One (equiv. of Div. 2) and League 2 (equiv. of Division 3). This renaming has caused unrest amongst some fans, who see it as farcical that the third tier of English Football is now called "League One." In 2005, Coca-Cola launched a competition for the 72 clubs of the football league — it was called "Win a Player". This allowed fans to place 1 vote per day for their beloved club, with 1 entry being chosen at random earning £250,000 for the club; this was repeated in 2006. The "Win A Player" competition was very controversial, as at the end of the 2 competitions, Leeds United AFC had the most votes by more than double, yet they did not win any money to spend on a new player for the club. In 2007, the competition changed to "Buy a Player". This competition allowed fans to buy a bottle of CocaCola Zero or Coca-Cola and submit the code on the wrapper on the Coca-Cola website {www.coca-colafootball.co.uk}. This code could then earn anything from 50p to £100,000 for a club of their choice. This competition was favored over the old "Win A Player" competition, as it allowed all clubs to win some money.

In mass media Coca-Cola has been prominently featured in countless films and television programs. It was a major plot element in films such as One, Two, Three, The Coca-Cola Kid, and The Gods Must Be Crazy. It provides a setting for comical corporate shenanigans in the novel Syrup by Maxx Barry. And in music, in the Beatles' song, "Come Together", the lyrics said, "Coca-Cola, he say...".

Health effects Since studies indicate "soda and sweetened drinks are the main source of calories in [the] American diet,"[67] most nutritionists advise that Coca-Cola and other soft drinks can be harmful if consumed excessively, particularly to young children whose soft drink consumption competes with, rather than complements, a balanced diet. Studies have shown that regular soft drink users have a lower intake of calcium, magnesium, ascorbic acid, riboflavin and vitamin A.[68] The drink

has also aroused criticism for its use of caffeine, which can cause physical dependence.[69] A link has been shown between long-term regular cola intake, of which Coca-Cola is the most consumed brand worldwide, and osteoporosis in older women (but not men).[70] This was thought to be due to the presence of phosphoric acid, and the risk was found to be same for caffeinated and noncaffeinated colas, as well as the same for diet and sugared colas. The use of Coca-Cola has also been associated with an increase of tumors as found by the Ramazzini Foundation[71] in 2006. A common criticism of Coke based on its allegedly toxic acidity levels has been found to be baseless by researchers; lawsuits based on these notions have been dismissed by several American courts for this reason. Although numerous court cases have been filed against The Coca-Cola Company since the 1920s, alleging that the acidity of the drink is dangerous, no evidence corroborating this claim has been found. Under normal conditions, scientific evidence indicates Coca-Cola's acidity causes no immediate harm.[72] Since 1985 in the U.S., Coke has been made with high fructose corn syrup instead of the more expensive cane-sugar glucose or fructose. Some nutritionists also caution against consumption of high fructose corn syrup because it may aggravate obesity and type-2 diabetes more than cane sugar.[73] Also, a 2009 study found that almost half of tested samples of commercial high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) contained mercury, a toxic substance.[74] In India there is a major controversy whether there are pesticides and other harmful chemicals in bottled products, including Coca-Cola. In 2003 the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in New Delhi, said aerated waters produced by soft drinks manufacturers in India, including multinational giants PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, contained toxins including lindane, DDT, malathion and chlorpyrifos — pesticides that can contribute to cancer and a breakdown of the immune system. CSE found that the Indian produced Pepsi's soft drink products had 36 times the level of pesticide residues permitted under European Union regulations; Coca-Cola's soft drink was found to have 30 times the permitted amount. CSE said it had tested the same products sold in the U.S. and found no such residues.[75] After the pesticide allegations were made in 2003, Coca-Cola sales in India declined by 15 percent. In 2004 an Indian parliamentary committee backed up CSE's findings and a government-appointed committee was tasked with developing the world's first pesticide standards for soft drinks. The Coca-Cola Company has responded that its plants filter water to remove potential contaminants and that its products are tested for pesticides and must meet minimum health standards before they are distributed.[76] In the Indian state of Kerala sale and production of Coca-Cola, along with other soft drinks, was initially banned after the allegations, until the High Court in Kerala overturned ruled that only the federal government can ban food products. Coca-Cola has also been accused of excessive water usage in India.[77]

Criticism Main article: Criticism of Coca-Cola The Coca-Cola Company has been criticized for its business practices, such as high levels of pesticides in the developing world and alleged use of paramilitary squads in South America; critics also claim its flagship product has adverse health effects and is aggressively marketed to children.

Urban myths Use as a spermicide

The 2008 Ig Nobel Prize (a parody of the Nobel Prizes) in Chemistry was awarded to Sheree Umpierre, Joseph Hill, and Deborah Anderson, for discovering that Coca-Cola is an effective spermicide,[78] and to C.Y. Hong, C.C. Shieh, P. Wu, and B.N. Chiang for proving it is not.[79][80]

Use as a political and corporate symbol

Coke dispenser flown aboard the Space Shuttle in 1996

Coca-Cola advertising in the High Atlas mountains (Morocco). The Coca-Cola drink has a high degree of identification with the United States, being considered by some an "American Brand" or as an item representing America. The identification with the spread of American culture has led to the pun "Coca-Colanization".[81] The drink is also often a metonym for the Coca-Cola Company. There are some consumer boycotts of Coca-Cola in Arab countries due to Coke's early investment in Israel during the Arab League boycott of Israel (its competitor Pepsi stayed out of Israel).[82] Mecca Cola and Pepsi have been successful alternatives in the Middle East. A Coca-Cola fountain dispenser (officially a Fluids Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus-2 or FGBA-2) was developed for use on the Space Shuttle as a "a test bed to determine if carbonated beverages can be produced from separately stored carbon dioxide, water and flavored syrups and determine if the resulting fluids can be made available for consumption without bubble nucleation and resulting foam formation." The unit flew in 1996 aboard STS-77 and held 1.65 liters each of Coca-Cola and Diet Coke.[83]

See also •

Freestyle (Coca Cola), the company's microdosing vending machine

•

Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company (CCHBC)

•

Fanta

•

I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing

•

List of Coca-Cola brands

•

OpenCola

•

The World of Coca-Cola

•

Premix and postmix

•

Coca Cola's competitor, Pepsi

Coca-Cola variations •

Coca-Cola

•

New Coke (renamed Coke II)

•

Diet Coke (also known as Coca-Cola Light)

•

Diet Coke Plus

•

Coca-Cola C2

•

Coca-Cola Zero

•

Coca-Cola Cherry Zero

•

Coca-Cola Cherry

•

Diet Coke Cherry

•

Coca-Cola with Lemon

•

Diet Coke with Lemon

•

Coca-Cola Vanilla Zero

•

Coca-Cola Vanilla

•

Diet Coca-Cola Vanilla

•

Coca-Cola with Lime

•

Diet Coke with Lime

•

Coca-Cola Raspberry

•

Diet Coke Raspberry

•

Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla

•

Diet Coke Cherry Vanilla

•

Coca-Cola Blāk

•

Diet Coca-Cola with Citrus (Lemon and Lime)

•

Coca-Cola with Orange (Out June 2007 in the UK)[84]

•

TaB (original Diet Coke, still available in some countries)

•

Passover Coca-Cola — a Kosher for Passover Coke made with pure cane sugar instead of corn syrup.[85]

Notes 1. ^ "Brand Fact Sheet". Coca-Cola official website. 2008-12-01. http://www.virtualvender.cocacola.com/ft/index.jsp. 2. ^ "DNA Damage Fear". The Daily Mail. 2008-05-24. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article1021820/Diet-Coke-drop-additive-DNA-damage-fear.html. 3. ^ "Coca-Cola — Our Brands". http://www.coca-cola.co.uk/ourbrands/default.aspx?id=9. Retrieved 2007-02-11. 4. ^ Hayes, Jack. "Coca-Cola Television Advertisements: Dr. John S. Pemberton". Nation's Restaurant News. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ccmphtml/colainvnt.html. Retrieved 2007-0121. 5. ^ "The Chronicle Of Coca-Cola". http://www.thecocacolacompany.com/heritage/chronicle_birth_refreshing_idea.html. Retrieved 2007-11-28. 6. ^ Harford, Tim (2007-05-11). "The Mystery of the 5-Cent Coca-Cola: Why it's so hard for companies to raise prices". Slate. http://www.slate.com/id/2165787/. 7. ^ "Themes for Coca-Cola Advertising (1886-1999)". http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ccmphtml/colatime1.html. Retrieved 2007-02-11. 8. ^ "Coca-Cola at Home". http://xroads.virginia.edu/~class/coke/coke1.html. Retrieved 2007-0121. 9. ^ Mark" Pendergrast (2000). For God, Country and Coca-Cola. Basic Books. ISBN 0-46505468-4. 10.^ Mark Pendergrast (2000). For God, Country and Coca-Cola. Basic Books. pp. 41 – 45. ISBN 0-465-05468-4. 11.^ Mark Pendergrast (2000). For God, Country and Coca-Cola. Basic Books. pp. 45 – 47. ISBN 0-465-05468-4. 12.^ "Beyond Seltzer Water: The Kashering of Coca-Cola". American Jewish Historical Society. http://www.ajhs.org/publications/chapters/chapter.cfm?documentID=270. Retrieved 2007-02-26. 13.^ First painted wall sign to advertise Coca-Cola : Cartersville, GA - Waymarking 14.^ "Coke Can History". http://home.comcast.net/~collectiblesodacans/Cokepg1.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-21. 15.^ "Chattanooga Coca-Cola History". http://www.chattanoogacocacola.com/history.asp. Retrieved 2008-08-24. 16.^ "History Of Bottling". http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/historybottling.html. Retrieved 2007-02-23. 17.^ "Diet Coke Sweetened with Splenda". http://www2.cocacola.com/presscenter/newproducts_dietcoke_splenda.html. Retrieved 2007-01-06. 18.^ "Pepsi Brands — Pepsi One". http://www.pepsi.com/help/faqs/faq.php? category=pepsi_brands&page=pepsi_one. Retrieved 2007-01-06. 19.^ "Coke to launch new no-calorie soda". http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7257920/. Retrieved 2007-11-28. 20.^ Cola wars as Coke moves on Baghdad - The Guardian

21.^ According to a Coca-Cola customer-service representative. 22.^ a b McKay, Betsy (January 30, 2009). "Coke to Omit 'Classic'". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123332768434033495.html?mod=googlenews_wsj. 23.^ Coca-cola 24.^ "The History of Coca Cola". http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/coca_cola.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-23. 25.^ Liebowitz, Michael, R. (1983). The Chemistry of Love. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co. 26.^ "Is it true Coca Cola once contained cocaine?". http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_033.html. Retrieved 2007-02-27. 27.^ May, Clifford D. "How Coca-Cola Obtains Its Coca", The New York Times, July 1, 1998. Accessed December 4, 2007 28.^ Benson, Drew. "Coca kick in drinks spurs export fears". http://www.mindfully.org/Food/2004/Kdrink-Coca-Drink19apr04.htm. 29.^ "The Legal Importation of Coca Leaf". http://www.uic.edu/classes/osci/osci590/9_3%20The %20Legal%20Importation%20of%20Coca%20Leaf.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-11. 30.^ Coca-Cola Your Health - You and Your Family's GDA Questions Answered 31.^ "Caffeine Content of Some Cola Beverages". Google Books. http://books.google.co.uk/books? id=WxmBmvhsoZ8C&pg=PA363&lpg=PA363&dq=caffeine+coca+cola&source=web&ots=W6 fAOUX04Z&sig=qzhOHFVuOBx94EcFpvPF6x_sAc&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=9&ct=result. 32.^ http://www.letsgettogether.co.uk/DetailQuestionAnswer/QuestionID=2-color=df0f0b 33.^ http://www.letsgettogether.co.uk/DetailQuestionAnswer/QuestionID=3025-color=df0f0b 34.^ "Urban Legends Reference Pages: Cokelore". http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/. Retrieved 2007-02-10. 35.^ "Urban Legends Reference Pages: Cokelore (Have a Cloak and a Smile)". http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/formula.asp. Retrieved 2007-02-22. 36.^ "Coca-Cola — Our Company — About Bottling". http://www.thecocacolacompany.com/ourcompany/aboutbottling.html. Retrieved 2007-02-22. 37.^ "What Is the Difference Between Coca-Cola Enterprises and the Coca-Cola Company". http://www.cokecce.com/pages/allContent.asp?page_id=84#q1. Retrieved 2007-02-22. 38.^ Coca Cola: Macedonia makes the best Coke 39.^ "Coca Cola Company — Red Spencerian Script". http://inventors.about.com/od/advertisingmedia/ss/Coca_Cola_Comp_2.htm. Retrieved 2007-0111. 40.^ "Frank Robinson, creator of the Coca-Cola logo". http://coca-cola-art.com/2008/06/05/frankrobinson/. Retrieved 2008-12-15. 41.^ a b "Inventory: Earl R. Dean Collection". Vigo County Public Library. http://www.vigo.lib.in.us/vcplarchive/inventories/business/dean.asp. Retrieved 2008-12-14. 42.^ Lundy, Betty (1986). The Bottle. American Heritage Inc.. pp. 98–101. http://contourbottle.angelfire.com/The_Bottle.pdf. 43.^ "1916 ... Birth of the Contour Bottle". The Coca-Cola Company. http://www.thecocacolacompany.com/ourcompany/historybottling.html. Retrieved 2007-04-19.

44.^ Snopes urban legend of the Coca-Cola bottle shape. 45.^ See, e.g., Lawrence M. Friedman, American Law in the 20th Century (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), 356-357, and Jay M. Feinman, Law 101: Everything You Need to Know About the American Legal System, rev. ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 165-168. 46.^ "Coke Debuts Contour Can". http://www.beverage-digest.com/editorial/970221.html. 47.^ Mireles, Ricardo. "In Mexico, Big Cola is the real thing". Logistics Today. http://www.logisticstoday.com/sNO/6366/iID/20876/LT/displayStory.asp. Retrieved 2007-0115. 48.^ "About Kristall Beverage". Retrieved June 14, 2006. 49.^ Murden, Terry (January 30, 2005). Coke adds life to health drinks sector. Scotland on Sunday. Retrieved February 14, 2006. 50.^ Kripalani, Manjeet and Mark L. Clifford (February 10, 2003) "Finally, Coke Gets It Right in India". BusinessWeek. Retrieved August 9, 2006. 51.^ "Fizzical Facts: Coke claims 60% mkt share in India", Times News Network, August 5, 2005 52.^ Barbara Mikkelson and David P. Mikkelson, "The Claus That Refreshes," snopes.com, February 27, 2001 (accessed June 10, 2005). 53.^ The White Rock Collectors Association, "Did White Rock or The Coca-Cola Company create the modern Santa Claus Advertisement?," whiterocking.org, 2001 (accessed January 19, 2007). 54.^ White Rock Beverages, "Coca-Cola's Santa Claus: Not The Real Thing!," BevNET.com, December 18, 2006 (accessed January 19, 2007). 55.^ Coca-Cola Conversations: Coke means Coca-Cola 56.^ Orozco, Cynthia E. Quintanilla Perez, Selena. The Handbook of Texas online. Retrieved on June 5, 2006 57.^ My Coke Rewards (Official Site) 58.^ a b Nikki Sandison (2007-11-16). "Coca-Cola revives popular 'holidays are coming' ad". Brand Republic. http://brandrepublic.com./News/767575/Coca-Cola-revives-popular-holidays-comingad/. 59.^ Stephen Armstrong (2001-05-14). "Coke goes for broke". The Guardian (Guardian News and Media Limited). http://guardian.co.uk./media/2001/may/14/mondaymediasection6. 60.^ "The Coca-Cola Challenge". Campaign. 2004-10-22. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-7140327_ITM. 61.^ Jane Hardy (2007-12-27). "Do TV campaigns ad up?". The Belfast Telegraph. http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk./lifestyle/do-tv-campaigns-ad-up-13505247.html. 62.^ "Melanie Thornton: "Ich wollte immer Musik"" (in German). Der Spiegel (SPIEGELnet GmbH). 2001-11-25. http://spiegel.de./panorama/0,1518,169615,00.html. 63.^ Prentiss Findlay (2001-12-07). "Charleston native Thornton to be buried on Saturday.". The Post and Courier (Charleston, SC). http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_02862079594_ITM. 64.^ Nicola Clark (2005-11-29). "Coca-Cola restructures in healthy drinks focus". Brand Republic. http://brandrepublic.com./News/530102/Coca-Cola-restructures-healthy-drinks-focus/. 65.^ "International Olympic Committee — Organisation — Facts and Figures". http://www.olympic.org/uk/organisation/facts/programme/profiles_uk.asp?sponsor=1. Retrieved 2007-01-13.

66.^ "Marketing & TV > FIFA Partners > Coca Cola". http://www.fifa.com/en/marketing/partners/index/0,3517,13,00.html. Retrieved 2007-01-13. 67.^ www.sciencedaily.com 68.^ Jacobson, Michael F. (2005). "Liquid Candy: How Soft Drinks are Harming Americans' Health". Retrieved June 10, 2005. 69.^ Center for Science in the Public Interest (1997). "Label Caffeine Content of Foods, Scientists Tell FDA." Retrieved June 10, 2005. 70.^ Tucker KL, Morita K, Qiao N, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, and Kiel DP (01 October 2006). "Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study" (PDF). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 84 (4): 336–342. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/84/4/936. Retrieved 2008-04-21. 71.^ Belpoggi F, Soffritti M, Tibaldi E, Falcioni L, Bua L, Trabucco F. (2006). "Results of longterm carcinogenicity bioassays on Coca-Cola administered to Sprague-Dawley rats." (pdf). Ann NY Acad Sci 1076: 736–752. doi:10.1196/annals.1371.078. PMID 17119251. http://www.ramazzini.it/fondazione/pdfUpload/Ann%20NY%20Acad%20Sci%201076%20736752_2006.pdf. 72.^ Mikkelson, Barbara & Mikkelson, David P. (2004). "Acid Slip". Retrieved June 10, 2005. 73.^ "Single food ingredient the cause of obesity ? New study has industry up in arms". (April 26, 2004). FoodNavigator.com. Retrieved February 27, 2007. 74.^ Washington Post (2009)"Study finds high-fructose corn syrup contains mercury".Retrieved August 16, 2009. 75.^ PTF (2003). "Pepsi, Coke contain pesticides: CSE". Retrieved June 12, 2006. 76.^ Coca-Cola website (2006). "The Coca-Cola Company addresses allegations made about our business in India". Retrieved June 12, 2006. 77.^ Coca-Cola and Water - An Unsustainable Relationship 78.^ Umpierre, Sheree; Hill, Joseph; Anderson, Deborah (21 November 1985). "Correspondence: Effect of 'Coke' on sperm motility". NEJM (Massachusetts Medical Society) 313 (21): pp. 1351. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/citation/313/21/1351. Retrieved 2008-10-03. 79.^ Hong, C.Y.; Shieh, C.C.; Wu, P.; Chiang, B.N. (September 1987). "The spermicidal potency of Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola.". Human Toxicology (Macmillan Publishers, Scientific and Medical Division) 6 (5): pp. 395–6. doi:10.1177/096032718700600508. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3679247. Retrieved 2008-10-03. 80.^ Mikkelson, Barbara (16 March 2007). "Killer Sperm: Coca-Cola Spermicide". http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/sperm.asp. Retrieved 2008-10-03. 81.^ "Word Spy — Coca-Colanization". http://www.wordspy.com/words/Coca-Colanization.asp. Retrieved 2007-01-03. 82.^ "Boycott Israel Campaign page on Coca-Cola". http://www.inminds.co.uk/boycott-cocacola.html. Retrieved 2007-08-03. 83.^ National Aeronautics and Space Administration accessdate 2009-06-13 84.^ "Coca-Cola Orange set to brighten up the summer". http://www.cokecce.co.uk/cce/news_art.jsp?aid=448. Retrieved 2007-05-17. 85.^ Kleeman, Jenny (2007-03-19). "Sugar rush — the craze for kosher Coke". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,,2037084,00.html. Retrieved 2007-07-18. . The ingredients

label will still read "high fructose corn syrup or sucrose" Passover Coke is identifiable because it is bottled with a yellow cap.

External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Coca-Cola •

CocaCola.com Coca-Cola website

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theContourBottle.com A tribute to Earl R. Dean - Facts about the creation of Coca-Cola's Contour bottle

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The Contour Bottle - MySpace

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Chapman J. Root Biography

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Urban Legends Reference Pages: Cokelore

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Ronen Liwski's Coca-Cola cans collection

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Kinescope of a live 1954 TV commercial for Coca-Cola (Internet Archive)

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Coca-Cola Advertising History [show]

v•d•e

Varieties of Coca-Cola

R e g Coca-Cola · New Coke · Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola · Coca-Cola Cherry · Coca-Cola with u Lime · Coca-Cola Vanilla · Coca-Cola Citra · Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla · Coca-Cola l Blāk · Coca-Cola with Lemon · Coca-Cola Raspberry a r D i Diet Coke/Coke Light · Coca-Cola C2 · Coca-Cola Zero · Coca-Cola Cherry Zero · Cocae Cola Light Sango · Diet Coke Plus · Coca-Cola Orange t [show] v•d•e

S o d a s

Coca-Cola brands

Ambasa • Ameyal • Barq's • Beat • Cheers • Chinotto • Chivalry • Citra • Coca-Cola • Fanta • Fioravanti • Fresca • Fruktime • Frutonic • Hit • Inca Kola • Jaz Cola • Joya • Kinley • Kola Inglesa • Krest • Kvas • Kuat • Leed • Lemon & Paeroa • Lift • Lilt • Limca • Mare Rosso • Mello Yello • Mezzo Mix • Mr. Pibb • Nalu • Nordic Mist • Northern Neck • OK Soda • Poms • Portello • Quatro • Quwat Jabal • Real Gold • Red Flash • Santiba •

Sarsi • Seagram's • Senzao • Smart • Sparkle • Sparletta • Sprite • Stoney • Surge • Tab • Tanora • Thums Up • Tiky • Urge • Vault • VegitaBeta • Victoria • Yoli J u i c e Andifrut • Ayataka • Cappy • Capri Sun • Cepita • Delaware Punch • Earth & Sky • Eight s O'Clock • Enviga • Far Coast • Five Alive • Fruitopia • Frutonic • Fuze • Glaceau • Gold Peak • Hajime • Hi-C • Huang • Maaza • Minute Maid • Nestea • Oasis • Odwalla • Qoo • & Royal Tru • Simply • Ten Ren • Vitamin Water t e a s E n e r g y & s p Aquarius • BPM Energy • Burn • Full Throttle • KMX • Monster Energy • Mother • NOS • o Powerade • Powerplay • Rehab • Relentless • Rockstar • Von Dutch • Gladiator r t s d r i n k s B AdeS • Arwa • Avra • Bankia • Chaudfontaine • Ciel • Dasani • Deep River Rock • Malvern o Water • Nature's Own • San Luis • Spring! • Valpre • Viva! t t l e d

w a t e r C o f Caribou Coffee • Georgia f e e M i Swerve l k [show] v•d•e

Brands of cola Coca-Cola · Pepsi

Afri-Cola · Amrat Cola · Apotekarnes Cola · A-Treat · Baikal · Barr Cola · Beed Cola · Big 8 Cola · Big Cola · Big K Cola · Boylan Cane Cola · Breizh Cola · Bubba Cola · Campa Cola · Cassinelli · Cavan Cola · Celeste Cola · Chek Cola · China Cola · Classic Cola (UK) · Olvi Cola · Club Cola · Cockta · Cola Turka · Cole Cold · Corsica Cola · Count Cola · Cricket Cola · Cuba Cola · Diet Coke · Diet Rite · Double Cola · Euro Shopper Cola · Evoca Cola · El ChéCola · Export Cola · Fada Cola · Faygo Cola · Fentiman's Curiosity Cola · Frescolita · fritz-kola · Fruti Kola · Fuji-Cola · Future Cola · Inca Kola · Isaac Kola · Jolly Cola · Jolt Cola · Jones · Kiri · Kitty Kola · Kofola · Kola Inglesa · Kola Real · Kola Román · Kristal Kola · LA Ice Cola · Like Cola · Mecca-Cola · Mr. Cola · OK Cola · OpenCola · Parsi Cola · Perú Cola · PoloCockta · Premium-cola · Qibla Cola · RC Cola · Red Bull Cola · Red Kola · Rola Cola · Sam's Cola · Schin Cola · Schweppes Cola · Shasta Cola · Sinalco · Tab · Thums Up · Triple Kola · tuKola · Ubuntu Cola · Virgin Cola · Vita-Cola · White Rock Cola · XL Cola · Zam Zam Cola · Zelal Cola Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola" Categories: Coca-Cola brands | Cola | Coca-Cola | Patent medicines | 1886 introductions | Culture of the Southern United States | American cuisine Hidden categories: Cite web templates using unusual accessdate parameters | Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism | Wikipedia protected pages without expiry | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009 | Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008 | All articles containing potentially dated statements | All articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases | Articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2009 | Articles with unsourced statements from September 2007

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