Free Space Optics
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FREE SPACE OPTICS (FSO)
WIRELESS LINKS AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT
WISAM ABDURAHIMAN
INTRODUCTION 2
In telecommunications, Free Space Optics (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space to transmit data between two points. The technology is useful where the physical connections by the means of fiber optic cable are impractical due to high costs or other considerations. Free Space Optics (FSO) communications, also called Free Space Photonics (FSP) or Optical Wireless, refers to the transmission of modulated visible or infrared (IR) beams through the atmosphere to obtain optical communications. Like fiber, Free Space Optics (FSO) uses lasers to transmit data, but instead of enclosing the data stream in a glass fiber, it is transmitted through the air.
Principle 3
Free Space Optics (FSO) works on the same basic principle as Infrared television remote controls, wireless keyboards or wireless Palm devices. Unlike radio and microwave systems, Free Space Optics (FSO) is an optical technology and no spectrum licensing or frequency coordination with other users is required, interference from or to other systems or equipment is not a concern, and the point-to-point laser signal is extremely difficult to intercept, and therefore secure
FSO: Optical or Wireless? 4
Speed of fiber — flexibility of wireless. Flexibility of wireless optical transmission at speeds of up to 1.25 Gbps and, in the future, is capable of speeds of 10 Gbps using WDM.
Eliminates the need to buy expensive spectrum.
Requires no municipal license approvals worldwide.
5
Optical Wireless Communications Technology for Voice / Video / Data …at the Speed of Light!
Free Space Optics is an optical wireless, line-of-sight, broadband (1.5 Mbps-2.5 Gbps) 6
How Free Space Optics (FSO) Works 7
Free Space Optics (FSO) transmits invisible, eye-safe light beams from one "telescope" to another using infrared lasers •
The beams of light in Free Space Optics (FSO) systems are transmitted by laser light focused on highly sensitive photon detector receivers. These receivers are telescopic lenses able to collect the photon stream and transmit digital data •
Commercially available systems offer capacities in the range of 100 Mbps to 2.5 Gbps, and demonstration systems report data rates as high as 160 Gbps •
8
Eye-Safety A laser transmitter which is safe when viewed by the eye is designated IEC Class 1M . It is possible to design eye-safe laser transmitters at both the 800 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths but the allowable safe laser power is about fifty times higher at 1550 nm.
9
Principle advantages of FSO are:
FSO systems offers a flexible networking solution
virtually unlimited bandwidth, low cost, ease and speed of deployment .
Freedom from licensing and regulation translates into ease, speed and low cost of deployment
The only essential for FSO is line of sight between the two ends of the link
•) 10 • • • • • • • •
Advantages contd…
Easily upgraded Roof-top or through window operation No latency Highly Secure (wide military applications) Compatible with WDM technology Low power consumption Immunity from interference Microwave Backup link (optional )
11
Free Space Optics (FSO) Security FSO laser beams cannot be detected with spectrum analyzers or RF meters. It requires a matching Free Space Optics (FSO) transceiver carefully aligned to complete the transmission. Interception is very difficult and extremely unlikely. The laser beams generated by Free Space Optics (FSO) systems are narrow and invisible, making them harder to find and even harder to intercept and crack . Data can be transmitted over an encrypted connection adding to the degree of security available in FSO network transmissions.
12
13
The following protocols have been wirelessly transmitted by laser communication: • • •
Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet FDDI ATM (OC-3, OC-12, OC-24) Using WDM 160 Gbps in the lab
There are literally dozens of distinct FSO models to choose from: 14
15
FSO system mounted inside
16
FSO systems mounted outside
Atmospheric effects on FSO Free Space Optics uses the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and microwaves
Atmospheric effects such as fog, snow, rain, smog, sandstorms and scintillation (thermal shimmer) all cause attenuation of the infrared signal as it passes through the atmosphere 17
Simple Link Budget Example
18
Weather
Loss
Link Range
Clear
1 dB/km
50 km
Haze
5 dB/km
10 km
Fog
50 dB/km
1 km
Heavy Fog
350 dB/km
143 m
How to overcome ?? 19
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
20
Transmission rates
:100 - 715 Mbps
Operational range
:3 dB/km: clear air: 400m to 5500m
10 dB/km: extreme rain: 400m to 2400m
Laser output power
Free-space wavelength
:560 mW :1550 nm
CONCLUSION
21
The broader market for FSO-based technology did not emerge until late 2000 when it became clear that fiber-optic cable would not reach into every building in the near future. Today, it is increasingly finding its way into a range of enterprise and service provider applications. The costs and challenges associated with trenching fiber in metropolitan areas can be prohibitive, yet bandwidth demands are increasing, particularly in the "last mile." In many cities, these demands are outstripping service providers' ability to deploy fiber-optic cable. Combined with shrinking capital budgets, other gaps and applications in service providers' networks must also be addressed through viable alternatives such as FSO-based, optical wireless products.
REFERENCES 22
Free-space Optics: Propagation And Communication -Olivier Bouchet, Herve Sizun, Christian Boisrobert
Planar-integrated free-space optics: an integration technique for 3D microoptics -Jahns.J,Jarczynski.M.
Adaptive Optics in Astronomy ,1999, Cambridge University Press - Francois Roddier.
millimeter Through Visible Frequency Waves Through AerosolsParticle Modeling, Reflectivity and Attenuation -Kontogeorgakis, Christos.
Free Space Optics. - Heinz Willebrand
Optical Communication Dictionary - Lawrence Harte
Deep space optical communications - Hamid Hemmati
THANK YOU
23
WIRELESS LINKS AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT
WISAM ABDURAHIMAN
INTRODUCTION 2
In telecommunications, Free Space Optics (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space to transmit data between two points. The technology is useful where the physical connections by the means of fiber optic cable are impractical due to high costs or other considerations. Free Space Optics (FSO) communications, also called Free Space Photonics (FSP) or Optical Wireless, refers to the transmission of modulated visible or infrared (IR) beams through the atmosphere to obtain optical communications. Like fiber, Free Space Optics (FSO) uses lasers to transmit data, but instead of enclosing the data stream in a glass fiber, it is transmitted through the air.
Principle 3
Free Space Optics (FSO) works on the same basic principle as Infrared television remote controls, wireless keyboards or wireless Palm devices. Unlike radio and microwave systems, Free Space Optics (FSO) is an optical technology and no spectrum licensing or frequency coordination with other users is required, interference from or to other systems or equipment is not a concern, and the point-to-point laser signal is extremely difficult to intercept, and therefore secure
FSO: Optical or Wireless? 4
Speed of fiber — flexibility of wireless. Flexibility of wireless optical transmission at speeds of up to 1.25 Gbps and, in the future, is capable of speeds of 10 Gbps using WDM.
Eliminates the need to buy expensive spectrum.
Requires no municipal license approvals worldwide.
5
Optical Wireless Communications Technology for Voice / Video / Data …at the Speed of Light!
Free Space Optics is an optical wireless, line-of-sight, broadband (1.5 Mbps-2.5 Gbps) 6
How Free Space Optics (FSO) Works 7
Free Space Optics (FSO) transmits invisible, eye-safe light beams from one "telescope" to another using infrared lasers •
The beams of light in Free Space Optics (FSO) systems are transmitted by laser light focused on highly sensitive photon detector receivers. These receivers are telescopic lenses able to collect the photon stream and transmit digital data •
Commercially available systems offer capacities in the range of 100 Mbps to 2.5 Gbps, and demonstration systems report data rates as high as 160 Gbps •
8
Eye-Safety A laser transmitter which is safe when viewed by the eye is designated IEC Class 1M . It is possible to design eye-safe laser transmitters at both the 800 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths but the allowable safe laser power is about fifty times higher at 1550 nm.
9
Principle advantages of FSO are:
FSO systems offers a flexible networking solution
virtually unlimited bandwidth, low cost, ease and speed of deployment .
Freedom from licensing and regulation translates into ease, speed and low cost of deployment
The only essential for FSO is line of sight between the two ends of the link
•) 10 • • • • • • • •
Advantages contd…
Easily upgraded Roof-top or through window operation No latency Highly Secure (wide military applications) Compatible with WDM technology Low power consumption Immunity from interference Microwave Backup link (optional )
11
Free Space Optics (FSO) Security FSO laser beams cannot be detected with spectrum analyzers or RF meters. It requires a matching Free Space Optics (FSO) transceiver carefully aligned to complete the transmission. Interception is very difficult and extremely unlikely. The laser beams generated by Free Space Optics (FSO) systems are narrow and invisible, making them harder to find and even harder to intercept and crack . Data can be transmitted over an encrypted connection adding to the degree of security available in FSO network transmissions.
12
13
The following protocols have been wirelessly transmitted by laser communication: • • •
Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet FDDI ATM (OC-3, OC-12, OC-24) Using WDM 160 Gbps in the lab
There are literally dozens of distinct FSO models to choose from: 14
15
FSO system mounted inside
16
FSO systems mounted outside
Atmospheric effects on FSO Free Space Optics uses the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and microwaves
Atmospheric effects such as fog, snow, rain, smog, sandstorms and scintillation (thermal shimmer) all cause attenuation of the infrared signal as it passes through the atmosphere 17
Simple Link Budget Example
18
Weather
Loss
Link Range
Clear
1 dB/km
50 km
Haze
5 dB/km
10 km
Fog
50 dB/km
1 km
Heavy Fog
350 dB/km
143 m
How to overcome ?? 19
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
20
Transmission rates
:100 - 715 Mbps
Operational range
:3 dB/km: clear air: 400m to 5500m
10 dB/km: extreme rain: 400m to 2400m
Laser output power
Free-space wavelength
:560 mW :1550 nm
CONCLUSION
21
The broader market for FSO-based technology did not emerge until late 2000 when it became clear that fiber-optic cable would not reach into every building in the near future. Today, it is increasingly finding its way into a range of enterprise and service provider applications. The costs and challenges associated with trenching fiber in metropolitan areas can be prohibitive, yet bandwidth demands are increasing, particularly in the "last mile." In many cities, these demands are outstripping service providers' ability to deploy fiber-optic cable. Combined with shrinking capital budgets, other gaps and applications in service providers' networks must also be addressed through viable alternatives such as FSO-based, optical wireless products.
REFERENCES 22
Free-space Optics: Propagation And Communication -Olivier Bouchet, Herve Sizun, Christian Boisrobert
Planar-integrated free-space optics: an integration technique for 3D microoptics -Jahns.J,Jarczynski.M.
Adaptive Optics in Astronomy ,1999, Cambridge University Press - Francois Roddier.
millimeter Through Visible Frequency Waves Through AerosolsParticle Modeling, Reflectivity and Attenuation -Kontogeorgakis, Christos.
Free Space Optics. - Heinz Willebrand
Optical Communication Dictionary - Lawrence Harte
Deep space optical communications - Hamid Hemmati
THANK YOU
23
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