Flowchart - Part 1 - By Vikram Kulkarni

Programming with C++ Vikram Kulkarni

MBA -Systems

C?

AB

Where is A & B

AB

A – Algorithm B – Basics of Programming Then C – The Programming

Algorithm • Finite sequence of instructions. • An explicit, step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. • Often used for calculation and data processing.

Flowchart A flowchart is a common type of chart, that represents an algorithm or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting these with arrows. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields.

Flowcharts

Flowchart

Flowchart Elements

üSymbols üConstants üVariables üExpressions and Operators

Flowchart Symbols • Start and end symbols Represented as lozenges, ovals or rounded rectangles, usually containing the word "Start" STARTor "End“ END/STOP • An arrow coming from one symbol and ending at another symbol represents that control passes to the START END/STOP symbol the arrow points to.

Flowchart Symbols • Processing steps Represented rectangles. X = Y + 2.45 • Input/Output Represented GET Price parallelogram.

as

as

a

• Conditional or decision Represented as a diamond (rhombus). These >Y typically contain aIf XYes/No question or

Flowchart Symbols • Predefined Process is a process which is already shown in another flowchart (functions etc.) represented by following sign.

• Document or Printout is shown by

Constants The objects or the quantities whose values cannot be changed in a problem are termed as

CONSTANTS e.g. z = 4x + 3y + 9 Constants are 4,

3 and 9

Variables The objects or the quantities whose values may change during execution in a problem are termed as

VARIABLES e.g. z = 4x + 3y + 9 Variables are z,

x and y

Types of Variables 1. Integer variables – this type of variables can assume any value from the set of Integers 2. Real variables – value can be anything from the set of Real numbers. 3. String variables – non-numeric variables, hold symbolic characters. 4. Logical variables - value can be

Any Questions

Lets work it out

Flowcharting Steps 1. Formulating the problem. 2. Deciding the input data. 3. Identifying the various computation steps. 4. Identifying the decision points. 5. Knowing the expected results and output.

Good