What is GIS? GIS is an acronym for Geographic Information Systems or Science
A GIS is a map interface to a database system which links attributes based on spatial locations
Five Distinct Layers Become One
Capabilities of GIS Container of maps Computerized tools for solving geographic problems Spatial decision support system Mechanized inventory of geographically distributed features and facilities Method for revealing patterns and processes in geographic information
Multidiscipl inary Field
Common Uses of GIS Business Site-Selection Crime Mapping Disease Outbreak Management Land Management Watershed Analysis Any service that requires traveling from point A to point X Delivery / pick-up companies 911 services Road or path location
What are some other uses of GIS
56.8
88.6
6.8 15.7
8.2
5.7
4.6
54.6 12.5
12.6 Streams Average Ecoli Sample Sites per 100 mL Lake Waco High : 111
5.7
25
6.8 12.6 9
7.5 4.6
Low : 4.6
6.4
26.4
37.5
26.4
34 82.1 30
110.4 2
1
0
¹
2 Kilometers
DEM
Slope
Sampling Site 1 km buffer
Land Cover
Riparian Montane Forest
Grassland
Roads
Yucca-Ocotillo
Shrubs
What is GIS, again? Computer software programs specifically designed to help solve geographic problems. Automate geographic concepts. Provide tools for geographic decision making. Render explanations for spatial distribution patterns and phenomenon. Spatial distribution predictor. Geographic information theory builder
Realizing GIS Capabilities GIS is frustrating because: Folks don’t understand the tasks GIS is designed for. People don’t really know what they want from the GIS in the first place. People use the wrong tool for the wrong job. Overwhelmed by too many tools. Unfamiliar with the task they want to do.
Understanding the Modeling Process •
Understand what you want the GIS model to do. Ask the following questions: Am I quantifying existing patterns? examining multiple relationships from different maps? Demonstrating change through time? Predicting patterns? Best scenarios for an activity?
What type of data do I need? Build a blueprint. Pick your algorithm (you tools).