Final-lab1.docx

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Cagayan State University

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CARIG CAMPUS Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City Tel. No. (078) 304 - 0818

COLLEGE of ENGINEERING– CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT EXPERIMENT NO. 1 DETERMINATION OF LIQUID DENSITY CSU Vision

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To determine the density of any liquid by the volumetric method. Apparatus: 1. Graduated cylinder 2. Weighing balance 3. Liquids: Baby oil Red wine

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Theory: Mass is the amount of matter in an object while volume is the amount of space that the matter takes up or occupies. These two are related since the activity focuses on the determination of the density of liquids. Density is known to be the ratio of the mass of the substance (m) to its volume (v) and is denoted by the symbol rho (ρ). It occupies: ρ=

𝑚 𝑣

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It is essentially a measurement of how tightly matter is crammed together. The mass of a liquid can be easily determined using a scale, and graduated cylinder for the volume.

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The density of a liquid is decreasing when the temperature is increasing .This is because when a liquid heated, the molecules move faster where they bump into each other, and spread apart .The molecules take up more space and make the liquid less dense. Conversely when a liquid is cooled, the molecules move more slowly and take up less space. In real life aspect, liquid density is an important characteristic used to provide information concerning composition, concentration, mass flow, and caloric content.

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Republic of the Philippines

Cagayan State University

CARIG CAMPUS Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City Tel. No. (078) 304 - 0818

COLLEGE of ENGINEERING– CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Testing Procedure:

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1. 2. 3. 4.

Find the mass of the empty graduated cylinder. Fill the graduated cylinder to a desired level. Read and record the volume of the liquid. Weigh the graduated cylinder with liquid in it.

Computations and Observations:

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Recorded Data Mass (graduated cylinder) Mass (Red wine) Mass (Baby oil) Mass (Red wine + graduated cylinder) Mass (Baby oil + graduated cylinder) Volume (Red wine) Volume (Baby oil) Liquid 1: Liquid used is Mass of the graduated cylinder Mass of the graduated cylinder with liquid Density of liquid Conversion Factor: 1Kg = 1000 g 1L= 1000mL 1m3 = 1000L ρred wine =

m v

=

1kg 1000g 1L 1m3 162mL × × 1000mL 1000L

151g ×

= 932.10 kg/m3

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190 g 151 g 61 g 341 g 257 g 162 mL 74 mL

Red wine 190 g 341 g 932.10 kg/ m3

Republic of the Philippines

Cagayan State University

CARIG CAMPUS Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City Tel. No. (078) 304 - 0818

COLLEGE of ENGINEERING– CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Liquid 2: Liquid used is Mass of the graduated cylinder Mass of the graduated cylinder with liquid Density of liquid

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Conversion Factor: 1kg = 1000 g 1L= 1000mL 1m3 = 1000L ρbaby oil=

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Baby oil 190g 251g 824.32 kg/m3

m v

=

1kg 1000g 1L 1m3 74mL × × 1000mL 1000L

61g ×

= 824.32 kg/m3

Every measurement has its degree of uncertainty regardless of accuracy and precision. This is caused by either systematic error or random error. Thus, knowledge, common sense and availability dictate which equipment to use. In addition, the equipment should be properly maintained and the calibration of certain equipment, such as digital balance, should be checked from time to time. Since liquids can be tricky to measure because surface tension causes them to form meniscus, it is important that the measurement accounts for the meniscus. Considering, lower meniscus for colorless liquids and high meniscus for colored liquids.

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The more alcohol present in the wine, the lower the density and specific gravity, because alcohol has a lower density than water. The more solid and insoluble materials present in wine or juice; the higher the density and specific gravity, because these substances make the wine or juice denser than water (Jacobson). Wine is a complex mixture of water, ethanol and sugar. There is no general constant density for wine as it varies on the sugar level and alcohol content. Since, the density of alcohol is less than water and the density of sugar is more than water, a good bottle of wine should have a density close to the density of water. The computation yielded to 932.10 kg/m3 due to the sugar and 13.5% alcohol content of the wine sample.

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Cagayan State University

CARIG CAMPUS Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City Tel. No. (078) 304 - 0818

COLLEGE of ENGINEERING– CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Mineral oil is one of main ingredients in baby oil. The constant density (ρ) of mineral oil at atmospheric pressure and approximately 16oC to 21oC (60oF to 70oF) is 830 kg/m3. However, the computed density of baby oil was 824.32 kg/m3 which is close enough to the constant value.

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In general, liquids tend to expand as temperature increases. Thus, an increase in temperature decreases density. It is noted that temperature and other ingredients present in the liquid samples are some of the factors that led to the results.

Republic of the Philippines

Cagayan State University

CARIG CAMPUS Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City Tel. No. (078) 304 - 0818

COLLEGE of ENGINEERING– CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Reference: Jacobson, Jean. Introduction to Wine Laboratory Practices and Procedures. Springer. https://vinumvine.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/jean-l-jacobson-introduction-to-wine laboratory -practices-and-procedures.pdf.(accessed on October 13, 2016).

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