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AC g e n e ra to r
M e th a n e M FC
p la s m a zone
c a ta ly s t
R e a c to r Figure 1. Experimental setup
B u b b le flo w m e te r
G as C h ro m a to g ra p h y
ZnO Z n C r2O C r2O 3
Figure 2. XRD spectra of calcined catalyst
4
70
Conversion (%)
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 60
80
100
120
140
S u p p lie d p o w e r ( W ) (a)
1.0
Selectivity
0.8
unkno w n n - C 4H 10 i- C 4 H 1 0
0.6
C3 C 2H 6 C 2H 2 + C 2H H2
0.4 0.2 0.0 60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
S u p p lie d p o w e r ( W ) (b)
Figure 3. Effects of supplied power variation on (a) methane conversion and (b) products distribution
2
100
Conversion (%)
80
60
40
20
0 0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.6
1.4
1.8
R e s id e n c e t im e ( m in ) (a)
1 .0
Selectivity
0 .8 0 .6 0 .4
unknow n C4 C3
0 .2
C H
2 2
0 .0 0 .3
0 .5
0 .7
0 .9
1 .1
1 .3
1 .5
1 .7
R e s id e n c e t im e ( m in ) (b)
Figure 4. Effects of methane residence time on (a) methane conversion and (b) products distribution
1 .9
20
∆G (kcal/mol)
0
C 2H
6
+ H --> C 2H
5
+ H
C 2H
5
+ H --> C 2H
2
- 20 - 40
C 2H
- 60
4
4
+ H
2
+ H --> C 2H
3
+ H
2
- 80 - 100
C 2H
3
+ H --> C 2H
2
+ H
2
- 120 - 140
Figure 5. The Gibbs energy different (ΔG) profile of dehydrogenation of C2 hydrocarbons in the present of hydrogen atom
60
H2 selectivity (%)
50 40 b la n k
30 1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b
20 10 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
S a m p lin g tim e ( m in .) (a)
CH4 conversion (%)
60 50 40 b la n k
30 1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b
20 10 0 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
S a m p lin g t im e ( m in . ) (b)
140
160
180
30
Selectivity (%)
25 20 15
C
3
10
C 2H
6
C 2H
2
+ C 2H
4
5
i- C 4 H
10
+ n -C 4H
10
0 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
S a m p l in g t im e ( m in . ) (c)
Figure 6. Effect of the catalyst on (a) methane conversion, (b) hydrogen selectivity, and (c) hydrocarbons selectivity. Data was obtained at gas flow rate of 30ml/min and supplied power of 80W.
M e th a n e M FC
p la s m a zone
c a ta ly s t
R e a c to r Figure 1. Experimental setup
B u b b le flo w m e te r
G as C h ro m a to g ra p h y
ZnO Z n C r2O C r2O 3
Figure 2. XRD spectra of calcined catalyst
4
70
Conversion (%)
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 60
80
100
120
140
S u p p lie d p o w e r ( W ) (a)
1.0
Selectivity
0.8
unkno w n n - C 4H 10 i- C 4 H 1 0
0.6
C3 C 2H 6 C 2H 2 + C 2H H2
0.4 0.2 0.0 60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
S u p p lie d p o w e r ( W ) (b)
Figure 3. Effects of supplied power variation on (a) methane conversion and (b) products distribution
2
100
Conversion (%)
80
60
40
20
0 0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.6
1.4
1.8
R e s id e n c e t im e ( m in ) (a)
1 .0
Selectivity
0 .8 0 .6 0 .4
unknow n C4 C3
0 .2
C H
2 2
0 .0 0 .3
0 .5
0 .7
0 .9
1 .1
1 .3
1 .5
1 .7
R e s id e n c e t im e ( m in ) (b)
Figure 4. Effects of methane residence time on (a) methane conversion and (b) products distribution
1 .9
20
∆G (kcal/mol)
0
C 2H
6
+ H --> C 2H
5
+ H
C 2H
5
+ H --> C 2H
2
- 20 - 40
C 2H
- 60
4
4
+ H
2
+ H --> C 2H
3
+ H
2
- 80 - 100
C 2H
3
+ H --> C 2H
2
+ H
2
- 120 - 140
Figure 5. The Gibbs energy different (ΔG) profile of dehydrogenation of C2 hydrocarbons in the present of hydrogen atom
60
H2 selectivity (%)
50 40 b la n k
30 1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b
20 10 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
S a m p lin g tim e ( m in .) (a)
CH4 conversion (%)
60 50 40 b la n k
30 1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b
20 10 0 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
S a m p lin g t im e ( m in . ) (b)
140
160
180
30
Selectivity (%)
25 20 15
C
3
10
C 2H
6
C 2H
2
+ C 2H
4
5
i- C 4 H
10
+ n -C 4H
10
0 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
S a m p l in g t im e ( m in . ) (c)
Figure 6. Effect of the catalyst on (a) methane conversion, (b) hydrogen selectivity, and (c) hydrocarbons selectivity. Data was obtained at gas flow rate of 30ml/min and supplied power of 80W.
