Federal National Mortgage Association

EMERGENCY AGENCIES

75

Title VI was created by an amendment to the National Housing Act signed by the President on March 28, 1941. Its scope was expanded by the amendments of May 26, 1942, so that in addition to providing for the insurance of mortgages on one- to four-family dwellings for sale or rent, with occupancy priority to war workers, it also provided for the insurance. of mortgages not exceeding $5,000,000 on rental housing for war workers. The final war housing insurance authorization was $1,800,000,000; receipt of applications under the Title VI War Housing Program was terminated in September 1945. Title VI was revived in May 1946 by the Veterans Emergency Housing Act with substantially the same provisions and an additional $2,000,000,000 authorization. The mortgages are protected by the War Housing Insurance Fund. The Federal National Mortgage Association, organized by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation on February 10, 1938, under the National Housing Act as amended February 3, 1938, provides a ready market for insured mortgages. O1IGANIZATION.-The work of the Federal Housing Administration is directed by the Commissioner. The general administrative staff includes the General Counsel, five Assistant Commissioners, the Comptroller, and f our Zone Commissioners. The principal divisions of the Administration, the general nature of each of which is indicated by its name, are as follows: Field Operations, Legal, Underwriting, Title I, Administrative Services, Rental Housing and Property Management, Finance and Industry, Research and Statistics, and Comptroller. INSURING OR SERVICE OFFICES-FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION State

Address

2225 Third Avenue N., Birmingham 3. Federal Building, Juneau. 140 S. Central Avenue, Phoenix. Old Post Office Building, Little Rock. Rives-Strong Building, Los Angeles 16. 315 Montgomery Street, San Francisco 4. Broadway Building, San Diego. COLORADOO-----------2106 N. Broadway, Denver 2. CONNECTICUT ---------- 125 Trumbull Street, Hartford 3. Industrial Trust Building, Wilmington. DELAWARE ---------DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA----—-—- 734 Fifteenth Street NW., Washington 25, D. 0. -- Greenleaf Building, Jacksonville 2. FLORIDA-------------Coral Gables City Hall, Miami 34. Fonte Building, 1529 Grand Central Avenue, Tampa. GEORGIA ----------------101 Marietga Street Building, Atlanta 3. HAWAII -----.--.--Federal Building, Honolulu. -----—- 805 Idaho Street, Boise. IDAHO—-- — Merchandise Mart, Chicago 54. ILLINOIS——----—--———--605 Illinois Building, Springfield. INDIANA—--------------Guaranty Building, Indianapolis 9. Insurance Exchange Building, Des Moines 9. IOWA---------—----— -----National Bank Building, Topeka. KANSAS KENTUCKY—-1——————— 505 Post Office Bilding, Louisville 2. Richards Building, New Orleans 12. LOUISIANA-—————---—-------- —---Exchange Building, Bangor. MAINE--Fidelity Building, Baltimore 1. MARYLAND—-.—.—————-MASSACHUSETTS --- —- 40 Broad Street Building, Boston 9. Security Building, 44 Vernon Street, Springfield. ALABAMA—------------------ALASKA-----------P----------------------ARIZONA --ARKANSAS.---CALiFORNIA -------------

7384860—47—6

76

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

INSURING OR SERVICE OFFICES-FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION-Continued Address

State

Penobscot Building, Detroit 26. 516-518 Grand Rapids National Bank Building, Grand Rapids New Post Office, Minneapolis 1. MINNESOTA .-------------------MississiPPI.----—---------------- Lamar Life Building, Jackson Ill. 315 N. Seventh Street, St. Louis 1. .-.--.--------------MiSSouRI Land Bank Building, Kansas City 6. Federal Building, Helena. .---------------lMONTANA NEBRASKA ---------------------- Woodmen of the World Building, Omaha 2. ----------------. Lunsford Building, Reno. NEVADA----. 70OMarket Street, Manchester. —-—-—NEW HAMPSHIRE -----Raymond-Commerce Building, Newark 2. ----.---.-----NEW JERSEY -Post Office Building, Camden. NEW MEXICO --—--------——-----401 N. Second Street, Albuquerque. 90 Church Street, New York City 16. .------NEW YOREK The City &County Savings Bank Building, Albany 7. Main Post Office Building, Buffalo 3. Guilford Building, Greensboro. ... NORTH CAROLINA 510 First National Bank Building, Fargo. — — NORTH DAKOTA ------------....................New Post Office Building, Cleveland 13. OHIO---...... Old Post Office Building, Columbus 15. 15 Old Customhouse, Toledo. 35 E. Seventh Street, Cincinnati. NW. Second Street, Oklahoma City 2. OKLAHOMA -228 Richard Building, 106 E. Third Street, Tulsa. OREGON __-----------------____ Platt Building, Portland 5. ----------

MICHIGAN ------

Public Ledger Building, Philadelphia 6.

.-----

PENNSYLVANIA_—-

Henry W. Oliver Building, Pittsburgh 22. P. 0. Box 3592, San Juan 17.

—-- -

PUERTO RIco

58 Weybosset Street, Provdence 3.

RHODE ISLAND-———— SOUTH CAROLINA -SOUTH DAKOTA -New

— -

-

Federal Land Bank Building, Columbia 29. City Hall, Sioux Falls.

TENNESSEE-—.—

-

---

Federal Building, Memphis 1.

TEXAS-------

--------

Electric Building, Fort Worth 2. Busk Building, Houston 2. Alamo National Bank Building, San Antonio B. Dooly Building, Salt Lake City 1. Parkhill Building, Burlington. Parcel Post Building, Fifth and Main Streets, Richmond. Dexter-Horton Building, Seattle 4. 812 Columbia Building, Spokane.

UTAH-—————————— VERMONT-F——————— VIRGINIA -----------

WASHINGTON.WEST VIRBGINA-

— --

--

WISCONSINs------------WYOMING ----

—------

Cotton Exchange Building, Dallas 1.

-

Chamber of Commerce Building, Charleston 32.

Wisconsin Broadway Building, Milwaukee 2. Post Office Building, Cheyenne.

Federal Public Housing Authority CREATION.-The Federal Public Housing Authority, as one of the three main constituent units of the National Housing Agency, has responsibility for federally administered public housing programs. To it were transferred by Executive Order 9070 of February 24, 1942, the functions, powers, and duties relating to public housing theretofore performed by the Federal Works Agency and its constituent units or agencies (United States Housing Authority, Public Buildings Administration, Division of Defense Housing, Mutual Ownership Defense Housing Division), the War Department and the Navy Department (except housing located on military or naval reservations, posts, or bases), and the Farm Security Administration (nonfarm housing).

EMERGENCY AGENCIES

77

Under the order, also, the Defense Homes Corporation and its functions, powers, and duties are administered by the Commissioner of the Federal Public Housing Authority. EMiiERGENCY HOUSING.-Thle Federal Public Housing Authority is engaged in the management of public war housing during the period of reconversion^ for occupancy by distressed families of veterans and servicemen, civilian employees of the War and Navy Departments and of private industries completing war contracts, and distressed families dislocated or displaced as a result of the war or demobilization. The Authority was authorized, under amendments to title V of the Lanham Act, to provide temporary dwelling accommodations to State and local governmental bodies and educational institutions for distressed veterans and servicemen through the reuse and conversion of surplus military buildings, temporary war housing, and other Government structures. This housing is subject to terms of the Lanham Act requiring its ultimate disposition for other than housing purposes. The Authority is authorized to dispose of federally owned permanent war housing as expeditiously as possible and temporary war housing when it has become surplus to the needs of war and demobilization. Low RENET HOUSING AND SLUIM CLEARANCE.-Pursuant to the United States Housing Act of 1937, as amended, the United States Housing Authority entered into contracts for financial assistance, in the form of capital loans and annual subsidies, to aid local public housing agencies in the development and administration of low rent housing and slum clearance projects. The Federal Public Housing Authority is now administering these contracts, and is responsible for the reactivation of projects planned before the war but deferred because of materials and labor shortages. Projects originally intended for low rent housing but used for housing war workers are being converted to low rent status upon a finding that they are no longer needed in war housing. The Authority also administers nonfarm housing projects developed by the Farm Security Administration, including three "greenbelt" communities, and some 30 rural or suburban projects which are now being sold to their occupants or other purchasers. REGIONAL AND AREA OFFICES-FEDERAL PUBLIC HOUSING AUTHORITY Region No. 1. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island. No. 2. New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey,

Maryland, Delaware. No. 3. Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska Missouri. No. 4. North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Virginia. No. S. Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas.

No. 6. California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Hawaii..

Director Sumner K. Wiley.---John A. Kervick..---—

Orvil R. Olmsted----John P. Broome --.-

Headquarters 24 School Street, Boston 8, Mass. 270 Broadway, New York 7,

N. Y. 201 N. Wells Street, Chicago 6, Ill. Georgia Savings Bank Building, Atlanta 3, Ga.

Marshall W. Amis—..725 Texas and Pacific Passenger Building, Ft. Worth 2, Tex.

Langdon W. Post--.- 760 Market Street, San Fran. cisco 2, Calif.

78

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

MANUAL

REGIONAL AND AREA OFFICES-FEDERAL PUBLIC HOUSING AUTHORITY-Con. Headquarters

Director

Region No. 7. Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming, Alaska. No. 8. Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio and Michigan. General Field Office. District of Columbia; in Virginia, Fairfax County, Arlington County, and the city of Alexandria; in Maryland, Montgomery County, Prince Georges County, and the war housing localities of Cedar Point, Indian Head, and Meadedale; Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Cuba, and the Canal Zone, and special projects not assigned to the regional offices.

Fifth Skinner Building, Avenue and Union Street, Seattle 1, Wash. Charles B. Lawrence, 2073 E. Ninth Street, Cleveland 15, Ohio. Jr. Oliver C. Winston -.. Longfellow Building, Connecticut Avenue at M WashingStreet NW., ton 25, D. O.

Jesse Epstein

Approved. RAYMOND

M. FOLEY Administrator

National Intelligence Authority 2430 E Street NW. EXecutive 6115 MEMIBERS Secretary of State -..--.------------------Secretary of War-------------------------_------------Secretarvy of the Navy --Personal Representative of the President ---Director of Central Intelligence (Non-voting member)------------—-----------------

GEORGE C. MARSHALL ROBERT P. PATTERSON JAMES FORRESTAL FLEET ADM. WILLIAM D. LEAHY REAR ADM. RoscoE H. HILLENKOETTER

National Tntelligence Authority was established by of January 22, 1946. The directivedesignated directive Presidential as members of the Authority the Secretary of State, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, and one other person to be named by the President as his personal representative. The Director of Central Intelligence, who sits as a nonvoting member of the Authority, is the head of the Central Intelligence Group, which is under the direction and control of the National Intelligence Authority. The Director of Central Intelligence is advised by an Intelligence Advisory Board consisting of the heads (or their representatives) of the principal military and civilian intelligence agencies of the Government having functions related to national security, as determined by the National Intelligence Authority. PURPOSE.-The National Intelligence Authority was established to plan, develop, and coordinate Federal foreign intelligence activities related to the national security. Approved. CREATION.-The

ROSCOE H. HILLENKOETTER

Director of CentralIntelligence

EMERGENCY AGENCIES

79

Office of the Housing Expediter Social Security Building, Fourth Street and Independence Avenue SW. REpublic 7500; Information, Branch 71346 OFFICIALS ---- ...-...-.. _.......... FRANK R. CREEDON Deputy Expediter (Office of Operations) ...... WILLIAM E. O'BRIEN Deputy Expediter (Office of Production) ....... ROBERT JOHNSON Deputy Expediter (Office of Rent Control)-.... TIGHE E. WOODS Assistant Expediter (Office of Administration)_. JOHN J. MADIGAN General Counsel ----- _ ---. ._ ADOLPH H. ZWERNEB Director of Information... _._.._ _..______.. JOHN T. O'BRIEN

Expediter -

CREATION.-The position of Housing Expediter was first created within the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion by the President on December 12, 1945. By Executive Order 9686, effective Januy 26,the 1946, Office of the Housing Expediter was established as an independent agency to formulate and carry out a Veterans' Emergency Program. The Expediter was delegated broad powers over Housing all agencies whose activities were related to housing, including all powers and functions of the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion which were necessary or suitable to carry out the housing program. The Expediter was later named by the President as National Housing Administrator and on February 6, 1946, was confirmed in that position. The Office of the Housing Expediter was established by Congress under the terms of the Veterans' Emergency Housing Act of 1946 enacted on May 22, 1946 (60 Stat. 208; 50 App. U. S. . 1822). By Executive Order 9820, effective January 11, 1947, the functions of the Office of the Housing Expediter were segregated from the functions of the National Housing Agency. Executive Order 9836, effective April 1, 1947, transferred to the Office of the Housing Expediter all housing functions of the Civilian Production Administration, as well as certain of the personnel engaged in the performance of these functions. Executive Order 9841 of April 23, 1947, transferred to this Office, from the Office of Temporary Controls, all functions with respect to rent control, effective May 4, 1947. LEGISLATION-.The authority of the Housing Expediter is conferred by the Veterans' Emergency Housing Act of 1946. The act provides for veterans' preference in the sale or rental of new homes and authorizes restrictions on the sales prices of new homes and the exercise of priorities and allocations powers to assist in providing scarce materials for housing under the act. A fund of $400,000,000 was authorized for premium payments to stimulate additional production of scarce materials. Such premiums were to be used with respect to selected industries, and were to be payable only on additional output over and above the output otherwise attainable. Fifteen million dollars of the premium payments fund was authorized for building access roads to standing timber on lands under Federal jurisdiction, as a means of increasing the supply of lumber. The act also provides authority for underwriting or guarantee of the market for prefabricated houses and "new type" building materials which have been tested and found to be sound.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

o0

REGIONAL OFFICES-OFFICE OF THE HOUSING EXPEDITER

Region

Address

Expediter

— No. 1. Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, John M. Dobbs .-.. New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont. No. 2. New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl- Louis L. Bennett . vania, Maryland (except areas listed under Washington Metropolitan Area Office), Delaware. No. 3. Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Mis- Charles J. Eoran ------. souri, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota. No. 4. Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mis- Clarence N. Walker-..-.-sissippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia (except areas listed under Washington Metropolitan Area Office). No. 5. Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Ellis H. Charles --Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, Kansas. No. 6. Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, Preston L. Wright-...and Hawaii. No. 7. Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washing- George W. Coplen -ton, Wyoming, Alaska. No. 8. Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, West C. Stott Noble -C-----Virginia. Washington Metropolitan Area. District of Columbia; Calvert, Charles, St. Mary's, Prince Georges, and Montgomery counties in Maryland; Arlington and Fairfax counties and the city of Alexandria in Virginia; and other off-continent areas except Hawaii.

Markley Shaw.

Approved.

..------

Exchange Building, 53 State Street, Boston, Mass. 2 Park Avenue, New York 16, N. Y. 201 N. Wells Street, Chicago 6, Ill. 302 First Federal Building, 44 Pryor Street NE., Atlanta 3, Ga. B--- 319, 1114 Commerce Room Street, Dallas 2, Tex. 821 Market Street, San Francisco, Calif. New World Life Insurance Building, Seattle 4, Wash. Cuyahoga Abstract Building, 717 E. Superior Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 762 HOLC Building, 101 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington 25, D. 0.

FRANK

R. CEEEDON Expediter

Office of Selective Service Records National Headquarters, Twenty-first and C Streets NW. REpublic 5500 OFFICIALS LEWIS B. HERSHEY Director .---------- 7---------_____- .-____ MAJ. GEN. BRIG. GEN. CARLTON S. DARGUSCH -------:-::: . :-::::: ---Deputy Director COL. LEwis F. KOSCH -Assistant Director -.LT. COL. SAMUEL L. DAVIS Adjutant General COL. RAYMOND T. HIGGINS ...------------------. Assistant Executive LT. COL. OLIVER H. FOLK --------Assistant Executive -------------DR. RAYMOND V. BOWERS .---------------------Assistant Executive ---.----------- LT. COL. ARTHUR R. BOONE Budget Officer -.------------------- LT. COL. IRVING W. HART Chief Information Officer .------COL. Louis H. RENFROW Chief Liaison and Legislative Officer CoL. RICHARD H. EANES ...------------. Chief Medical Officer -... COL. CAMPBELL C. JOHNSON Executive Assistant to the Director --------CoL. DANIEL 0. OMER .-------Counsel General

EMERGENCY AGENCIES

81

Division Chiefs:

Fiscal and Personnel Group------ _-......

COL. RICHARD H. EANES Appointments and Personnel Division .... RONALD '1. HOLMES Finance and Supply Division _--___ -. COL. CLOYD T. CALDWELL Headquarters Officer.-------------- LEWIE CULLEN STEPHENS Mobilization and Demobilization Group ..._ COL. GEORGE A. IRVIN Field Division_------------------._.. COL. GEORGE A. IRVIN Manpower Division___-------..._..... LT. COL. GEORGE T. GARNETT Veterans Personnel Division------..... . LT. COL. REYNOLD J. BOSSIDY Records and Statistics Group--_-___-- KENNETH H. MCGILL Communications and Records Division __ LT. COL. MICHAEL R. LONDON Research and Statistics DR. JAMES M. SMITH DRDivision,

CREATION- AN&D PTJRPOSE.-The Office of Selective Service Records was established by act of March 31, 1947 (Public Law 26, 80th Cong., ist sess.), to liquidate the Selective Service System, following the termination of its functions on March 31, 1947, and to preserve and service the Selective Service records. ACTIVITIES.-The act authorized the Director to: 1. Prescribe the necessary rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of the act. 2. Create and establish Federal record depots in the several States, the District of Columbia, Territories, and possessions of the United States, and to maintain such other offices as may be necessary. 3. Utilize the agencies of the Federal Government with the consent of the Theads thereof, and to accept the services of all officers and agents of the several States, the District of Columbia, Territories, and possessions of the United States and subdivisions thereof. 4. Appoint and fix the compensation of such officers and employees as may be necessary, with or without regard to the Classification Act of 1923, as amended. 5. Delegate and provide for the delegation of any authority vested in him under the act to such officers, agents, or persons as he may designate or appoint for such purpose or as may be designated or appointed for such purpose pursuant to such rules and regulations as he may prescribe. LEwis B. HERSHEY

Director

Price Decontrol Board Sloan Building, 709 Twelfth Street NW. EXecutive 6400, Branch 2891 MEMBERS Chairman.--------------------------------------------DANIEL

W.

BELL

GEORGE H-

Roy L. THOMPSON MEAD

CREATION AND PURPOSE.—The Price Decontrol Board was established by the Price Control Extension Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 669),

approved July 25, 1946, as an independent agency in the executive

82

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

branch of the Government. The Board members are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Board was created for the purpose of reviewing appeals from denials by the Price Administrator or the Secretary of-Agriculture of decontrol petitions. Its consent is also necessary before maximum prices may be reestablished upon a commodity from which maximum prices have been removed. The Sugar Control Extension Act of 1947 (Public Law 30, 80th Cong., 1st sess.), approved March 31, 1947, extended to October 31, 1947, the powers of the Board with respect to sugar. AcTIVITIES.-The Board reviews appeals from decontrol petitions in accordance with authority contained in sections IA (e), (g), and (h) of the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, as added by the Price Control Extension Act of 1946. Approved. Chairman

War Contracts Price Adjustment Board Secretary's Office: Room 3D712, The Pentagon; REpublic 6700, Branch 73636

MEMBERS Chairman---

------------------

Vice Chairman____-----------------

JOHN R. PALL (U. S. Maritime Com-Jo mission Price Adjustment Board)

(War Department Price Adjustment Board)

COL. JOHN S. SENSENBBBNNER

B. BARKER (Navy Price Adjustment Board) RAYMOND EBERLY (Treasury Department Price Adjustment Board) Roy H. HALQUIST (Office of Materials Distribution, Department of Commerce) EDWIN

C. R. LARRABEE (Reconstruction Finance Corporation Price Adjustment Board) STAFF

General Counsel—------------------ CLARENCE A. McLAUGHLIN Associate Counsel------------------ FRANCIS HOAGUE Secretary--—--------------------- NATHAN

BASS

CREATION AND AUTHORITY.-The War Contracts Price Adjustment Board was created by the Renegotiation Act of 1943 (title VII of the Revenue Act of 1943, approved February 25, 1944, sec. 701 (d) (1) 58 Stat. 85, 50 App. U. S. C. 1191). ORGANIZATION.-The Board is composed of representatives of the Departments of War, Navy, and Treasury, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, the Office of Materials Distribution of the Department of Commerce (formerly the Civilian Production Administration), and the United States Maritime Commission. Members of the Board are officers or employees of the department or agency by which they are appointed, and serve without additional compensation for their services on the Board. Four members of the Board constitute a quorum, and the Board may act by a majority of a quorum. PURPOSE AND ACTIVITIES.-Under the Renegotiation Act, the Board has authority over renegotiations for fiscal years ending after June

EMERGENCY AGENCIES

83

30, 1943. The Board establishes principles, policies, and procedures with reference to such renegotiations, and these principles, policies, and procedures have been embodied in the Renegotiation Regulations, issued by the Board and available to the public through the Superintendent of Documents. Pursuant to subsection (d) (4) of the Renegotiation Act of 1943, the Board has delegated to the various departments named in the act the authority to conduct renegotiation proceedings in accordance with the principles set forth in the Renegotiation Regulations. The Board may, in its discretion, either upon its own motion or at the request of a contractor or subcontractor, review any determination of excessive profits made by order by a department under delegated authority. Approved. NATHAN BASS Secretary -

Joint Chiefs of Staff The Pentagon REpublic 6700, Branch 72700 FLEET ADMIRAL 'WV~ILLIAM D. LEAHY (Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the United States Army and Navy)

FLEET ADMIRAL CHESTER W. NIMITZ (Chief of Naval Operations) GENERAL OF THE ARMY DWIGHT D. EISENHOWERB (Chief of Staff, United States Army) GENERAL CARL SPAATZ (Commanding General, Army Air Forces)

Secretary----------.----------

-....... CAPT. W. G. LALOR (USN)

Deputy Secretary---..-.-.-.-.--.......

(VACANCY)

Under the direction of the President, the Joint Chiefs of Staff consult together on matters of joint concern to the armed forces, advise the President as to their use, and take appropriate action to implement his plans and policies as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy. The Joint Chiefs of Staff comprise the United States membership of the Combined Chiefs of Staff. W. G. LALOR Secretary, Joint Chiefs of Staff

Permanent Joint Board on Defense-United States and Canada tTJTED STATES SECTION

Boom 6173, New Department of State Building Twenty-first Street and Virginia Avenue NW. REpublic 5600, Branch 2839

Chairman -----------

F_.-------------... FIORELLO H. LAGUARDIA

MAJ. GEN. GuY V. HENRY, U. S. A. REAR ADM. J. CARY JONES, U. S. N. COL. CHARLES H. DEERWESTER, U. S. CAPT. GEORGE W. ANDERSON, JR., U.

Secretary—- .......

--

A. S. N.

---..--

---

B. FOSTER (Department of State)

ANDREW

84

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

CANADIAN SECTION GEN. THE HON. ANDREW G. L. MCNAUGHTON

_-----

Chairman ---

GEN. CHURCHILL MANN MAJ.

MARSHAL W. A. CURTIS, C. B. E., D. S. C. (Royal Canadian Air Force) AIRVCE Commo. F. L. HOUGHTON (Royal Canadian Navy) COL. J. E. C. PANGMAN GROUP CAPT. S. W. COLEMAN

SAUL F. RAE (Department of

Secretary -----------------------------

External Affairs)

The Permanent Joint Board on Defense was set up by the United States and Canada in pursuance of a joint announcement of the President and Prime Minister W. L. Mackenzie King, dated August 17 1940, at Ogdensburg, N. Y., for the purpose of carrying out studies relating to sea, land, and air problems, including personnel and mat6riel, and to consider, in the broad sense, the defense of the northern half of the Western Hemisphere. Approved.

ANDREW B. FOSTER Secretary, United States Section

Combined Chiefs of Staf-United States and

Great Britain The Pentagon REpublic 6700, Branch 72700 UNITED STATES MEMBERS

D. LEAHY (Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the United States Army and Navy) FLEET ADMIRAL CHESTER W. NIMITZ (Chief of Naval Operations) States GENERAL OF THE ARMY DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER (Chief of Staff, United

FLEET ADMIRAL WILLIAM

GENERAL CAEL SPAATZ (Commanding General, Army Air Forces) — CAPT. W. G. LALOR (USN) —--————— Secretary---

Deputy Secretary—-----------— -

(VACANCY)

GREAT BRITAIN MEMBERS ADM. SIR HENRY MOORE GEN. SIR WILLIAM MORGAN AIR CHIEF MARSHAL SIR GuY GARROD

CREATION.—Establishment of the Combined Chiefs of Staff was

announced by the War Department on February 6, 1942.

ACTIVITIES.-The Combined Chiefs of Staff work on matters deriv-

ing from the wartime cooperation of Great Britain and the United States. W. G. LALO Approved. United States Secretary, Combined Clhiefs of Staff

85

EMERGENCY AGENCIES

Combined Shipping Adjustment Board-United States and Great Britain Department of Commerce Building EXecutive 3340, Branch 78

UNITED -STATES MEMBER VICE ADM. WILLIAM W. SMITH (Chairman, United States Maritime Commission) HUNTINGTON T. MoRsE, Alternate (Assistant to the Commission) GREAT BRITAIN MEMBERS F. V. CRoss (British Shipping Attach6 in the United States) In London: RT. HON. A. BABRNBS (Minister of War Transport)

Creation of the Combined Shipping Adjustment Board was announced by the President of the United States and the Prime Minister of Great Britain on January 26, 1942. The wartime function of the Board was to adjust and concert at Government level in one harmonious policy the work of the British Ministry of War Transport and the War Shipping Administration. The Board, while presently inactive, remains in being principally because of its affiliation with the Combined Military Transportation Committee. The membership of the Board now comprises the United States Maritime Commission and the British Ministry of Transport. Approved. W. W. SMvrITH

United States Member

Combined Tin Committee Social Security Building, Fourth Street and Independence Avenue SW. REpublic 7500, Branch 2481 Chairman_--------------------------Iembers: Netherlands---------------_-___ United States ---------------------

A. H. PHILIPSE (Netherlands)

A. H. PHILIPSE ERWIN VOGELSANG (Office of Materials Distribution, Department of Commerce) United Kingdom------------------ MURRAY MCDOUGALL France--------------------------- R. G. LEHMANN Belgium-------------------------- R. SAVOTE China--------------------P. W. HUANG India---------------------------- D. N. KowsHIB Canada-------------------------- H. A. SCOTT Secretaries--------------------------- MARION WORTHING (United States) C. B. WILSON (United Kingdom)

CREATION AND PunPosE.-The Combined Tin Committee was initially organized as an advisory committee of the Combined Raw Materials Board. Pursuant to the proposals announced by the President

86

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

of Great Britain and of the United States and the Primers Canada in a joint statement on December 10, 1945, the member governments agreed to reconstitute the Committee on an autonomous basis, after the termination of the Combined Raw Materials Board on December 31, 1945. It is the function of the Committee to review the international supply and requirements position of tin metal and to agree on allocations to member and non-member countries. UNITED STATES REPRESENTATiON.-United States representation on the Committee is coordinated by the Office of Materials Distribution of the Department of Commerce (formerly the Civilian Production Administration), which appoints the United States member and staff officers. Consultation among the appropriate policy and operating agencies of the United States Government is effected through a United States Operating Committee, on which are represented the Department of State, the Office of Metals Reserve, and the Office of International Trade and the Office of Materials Distribution of the Department of Commerce. Approved. MARION WORTHING Approved. Secretary

Filipino Rehabilitation Commission UNITED STATES MEMBERS MILLARD E. TYDINGS (United States Senator) Chairman ..-.-----------------CARL HAYDEN (United States Senator) ARTHUR H. VANDENBERG (United States Senator) C. JASPER BELL (United States Representative) RICHARD J. WELCH (United States Representative) FRFD L. CRAWFORD (United States Representative) LYNN R. EDMINSTER (Vice Chairman. U. S. Tariff Commission) E. D. HESTER (Economic Adviser to the American Ambassador to the PhilipWAYNE COY (Assistant to Editor, Washington Post, and former Assistant Director, Bureau of the Budget) FiLiPINO MEMBERS Vice Chairman----------------JAIME HERNANDEZ DR. URBANO A. ZAFRA SENATOR CARLOS P. GARCIA ASSEMBLYMAN PEDRO LOPEZ

Secretary -

BRIG. GEN. CARLOS P. SENATOR SENATOR MAXIMO MANUEL

ROMULO

THOMAS CONFESOR THOMAS CABILI KALAW

V. GALLEGO

VERNON E. MOORE (Room 113, House Office

Building, Washington 25, D. C.; Telephone, REpubiic 1868, Branch 4505)

CREATION AND PURPOsE.-The Filipino Rehabilitation Commission

was created by act of Congress approved June 29, 1944 (58 Stat. 626; 48 U. S. C. 1243), amending the Philippine Independence Act of 1934. The purpose of the Commission is to investigate and formulate recommendations on all matters affecting post-war economy, trade, finance,

87

EMERGENCY AGENCIES

economic stability, and rehabilitation of the Philippine Islands, including the matter of damages to public and private property and to persons occasioned by enermy attack and occupation. Approved. MILLARD E. TYDINGS Chairman

Philippine War Damage Commission Calles Arroceros at Quezon Bridge, Manila, Phillipines; Department of the Interior Building, Washington 25, D. C. REpublic 1868 MEMBERS Chairman-

_------------------__

_.._... -.... __

JOHN A. O'DONNELL

.._.... -.. FRANK A. WARING FRANCISCO A. DELGADO

OFFICIALS

Secretary..----------------------................. Executive Director.-------------................. Director of Information------------.................

PHILIPP L. CHARLES R. H. ROWNTREE JOHN SNURE Jr.

Liaison Officer_--------..... .................. Director, Washington Office.------........---....

GUILLERMO GOMEZ VERNON E. MOORE

General Counsel-----------.----------__-_---Chief, Regulations and Law Advisory Division -.... Director of Administration---------................ Budget Officer-...------------..

...-............

RICHARD QUILL

Chief, Management Services Division-. ----Chief, Fiscal Division-..

-----

Chief, Personnel Division.---------

-.-..PAUL D. SHRIVER EARL A. STOUP . JOHN M. SMITH JOHN W. KEE

-----....-

LELAND P. DRANEY

.__________

JOHN K. AYERS

Chief Examiner------------------------------------

ERNEST SCHEIN

Assistant Chief Examiner--------_______..._ PAUL R. GRIFFIN Chief, Private Property Claims Division—--...... FRANK A. GOEBEL Chief, Public Property Claims Division---...... ALLAN T. SYLVESTER

CREATION AND AUTHORITY.-The Philippine War Damage Commission was created by act approved April 30, 1946 (60 Stat. 128; 50 App. U. S. C. 1751). The act authorizes the Commission to make compensation for physical loss or destruction of or damage to certain kinds of property, public and private, in the Philippines occurring after December 7, 1941, and before October 1, 1945, as a result of the war. The Commission consists of three members appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

ACTIVITIES.-War damage in the Philippines is estimated to be in

excess of one billion dollars. The act authorizes the expenditure of only about one-half of this amount. It is believed that approximately one million claims will be filed with the Commission by individuals, firms, corporations, and the government. Receiving these claims, adjudicating them, and making payment of approved amounts must be completed by the Commission not later than April 30, 1951, under the provisions of the act. Approved. FRANK A. WARING

Chairman

-UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

g8

Joint Brazil-United States Defense Commission UNITED STATES MEMBERS 2015 Temporary Building 2, 1901 D Street NW. REpublic 6700, Branch 79375 Chairman -

REAR ADM. MARSHALL R. GREER

----------------

--- MAJ. GEN. OTTO P. WEYLAND Chief, U. S. Army Section ------COL. GODWIN ORDWAY, Jr. Member, U. S. Army Section-————Secretary General-------------------- MAJ. HERMAN V. DIETZE, A. C. LT. COL. W. F. DUNCAN CAPT. W. V. O'REGAN, U. S. N. CAPT. GEORGE W. ANDERSON, U. S. N. CAPT. ROBERT B. KADEL, ORD

BRAZILIAN MEMBERS 2009 Temporary Building 2, 1901 D Street NW.

REpublic 6700, Branches 78894 and 78002 -------------Chief Army Member-----------------Air Member ----------------------------Navy Member --Sub-Secretary-----------------

ADM. JORGE DODSWORTH MARTINS BRIG. GEN. HENRIQUE B. D. T. LOTT AI BRIG. GEN. IVAN CARPENTER FERREIRA CAPT. HEITOR B. COELHO MAJ. FREDERICO MINDtLLO

The Commission, composed of military delegates-Army, Navy, and Air Forces-of the two countries, was established in August 1942 by agreement between the United States and Brazil. Meetings are held in Washington for the purpose of assisting the Joint BrazilUnited States Military Commission in Rio de Janeiro in specific matters of training, studies, liaison, and procurement. MARSHALL R. GREER Approved. Chairman

Joit Mexican-United States Defense Commission UNITED STATES MEMBERS

Chairman and Senior Army Member (Room 2E844, The Pentagon; RE-

public 6700, Branch 3607)----------

MAJ. GEN. GuY V. HENRY, U. S. A.

nex, 1735 New York Avenue, N. W.; REpublic7500, Branch 72866)-------

REAR ADM. J. CARY JONES, U. S. N.

Senior Navy Member (101 Octagon An-

Secretary, U. S. Section (Room 2E844, The Pentagon; REpublic 6700, Branch -------------------- COL. CHARLES H. 2520) --

DEERWESTER, G.S.C.

MEXICAN MEMBERS

Mexican Embassy, 2829 Sixteenth Street NW. ADams 6000 LT. GEN. LEOBARDO RuIZ CAMARILLO, Chief REAR ADM. 1. GARCIA JURADO, Sub-Chief LT. COL. DAVID CHAGOYA RODRIGUEZ, Secretary

89

EMERGENCY AGENCIES

CRIEATION AND ATrH~ORITY.-The Governments of Mexico and the United States on January 12, 1942, announced the organization of a mixed defense commission. The United States Section of the Joint Mexican-United States Defense Commission was officially established by Executive Order 9080 of February 27, 1942. PUBPOSE.-The purposes of the Commission are to study problems relating to the common defense of the United States and Mexico, to consider broad plans for the defense of Mexico and adjacent areas of the United States, and to propose to the respective governments the cooperative measures which, in its opinion, should be. adopted.

GuY V. HENRY Chairman

Inter-American Defense Board 1735 New York Avenue NW. REpublic 7500, Branch 72S68 OFFICERS Chairman,---------------------Coordinator-----___-_--_-_-__ -Secretary General -----------..--

LT. GEN. M. B. RIDGWAY BRIG. GEN. FREDERICK A. IRVING COL. W. R. PIERCE

DELEGATES Argentina--------------____--

LT. GEN. CARLOS VON DER BECKE

BRIG. ARIST6BULO F. RBYES

REAR ADM. CARLOS SARAVIA COL. ALFREDO A. BAISI

Bolivia--------..-------------Brazil--------------------------

COMMO. FEDERICO F. Ruiz MAJ. GEN. FELIPE M. RIVERA MAJ. HUMBERTO FEBN.tNDEZ F.

VICE ADM. OCTAVIO FIGUEIREDO DE MEDEIROS AIR BRIG. GEN. IVAN CARPENTER FERREIRA

BRIG. GEN. HENRIQUE B. D. T. LOTT Chile-----------..------------- REAR ADMI. HORACIO DE LA FUENTE

Colombia---------------------Costa Rica---------------------

COL. MILCfADES CONTRERAS COMDR. LuIS RECART S. WING COMDK. FELIX OLMEDO,

GEN. LEOPOLDO PIEDRAHITA E.

LT. COMDR. Luis A. BAQUERO HERRERA COL. FERNANDO DR LA GUARDIA COL. BERNARDO DR LA GUARDIA LT. COMDR. FELIPE CADENAS MAJ. AMADO HERNINDEZ POLANCO

Cuba-------------------------Dominican Republic------------Ecuador------------------------ GEN. Luis LABREA ALBA

MAJ. EDMUNDO CARVAJAL

El Salvador--------------------- COL. ARTURO RIVAS-MENA

Guatemala--—------------------ COL. OSCAR MORALES L6PEz COL. SALVADOR BERCI(N Haiti-------------------------- COL. ROCHE B. LAROCHE Honduras-,-------.---------MAJ. JUAN DA COSTA Mexico------------------------LT. GEN. LEODARDO C. RUIZ COL. TEODORO GONZXLEZ BENITEZ

Nicaragua----------------------

LT. SAMUEL FERNN.kDEZ

VELASCO

COL. CAMILO GONZALEZ CERVANTES

90

HUNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

MAJ, ABEL QUINTERO CAPT. JUAN C. PiEZ LT. COL. MANUEL GONZXLEZ RIQUELME ------------------- REAR ADM. FEDERICO DfAz DULANTO Peru ---COL. MIGUEL MONTEZA TAFUR COL. GUILLERMO SUEBO B. —--- LT. GEN. M. B. RIDGWAY United States ---. REAR ADM. J. CARY JONES REAR ADM. MARSHALL R. GREEB MAJ GEN. OTTO P. WEYLAND COL. GODWIN ORDWAY, Jr. ----------------- BRIG. GEN. HECTOR J. MEDINA UruguayCOMDR. JUAN CARLOS DEAMBROSIO MAJ. CARLOS MARfA SENCI6N COL. JORGE MARCANO Venezuela--------------------Panama..---------------------Paraguay ---------------------

ADVISERS COL. BENJAMIN B. GARGIULO

Argentina ----------------------

LT. COL. JUAN CARLOS LORIO

-LT. COL. IGNACIO AVALOS ---Bolivia .Br..azil---.~------

LT. COMDR. RICARDO P. ANZORENA CAPT. HERNAN JUSTINIANO GUITERAS

-------

LT. COL. JOSE VICENTE DE FARIA LIMA

------

MAJ. FREDERICO MINDELLO LT. COMDR.

MANOEL JOAO DE ARAUJO NETO

LT. JOSE LEITE SOARES, Jr. LT. JOSE DE MAGALHAES FRAGA LoURENgO

Chile

COMDR. OSCAR FEBBARI

---------------------

CAPT. LEOPOLDO TACCHI

Colombia -----------------------

Ecuador ----------------------El Salvador--------------------Mexico-----—------------------

MAJ. GUILLERMO AYERBE C. CAPT. REINALDO VAREA LT. GUSTAVO IZURIETA MAJ. MANUEL ALFONSO MARTINEZ MAJ. JosI MENDOZA VALENCIA CAPT. VICTOR ESPER6N URBINA CAPT. FERNANDO HERNXNDEZ VEGA

CARLOS FRBAS Peru------- ---------------- LT. COMDn. —---------- COL. RICHARD Z. CRANE United States ---

H. DEERWESTER OHMAN COL. MILAN G. WEBER COL. CHARLES

COL. NILS 0.

LT. COL. HARMON LAMPLEY, JR. LT. COL. HOWARD W. CLARK

Uruguay-----------------------

SECOND LT. JORGE F. FRAN§OIS ZUNINO

Venezuela---—---------------- LT. RUBAN A. Oslo N. SECRETARIAT LT. COL. EMORY S. ADAMS, Jr., GSC

CAPT. BEATRIZ H. ANDERSON, WAC MAJ. H. RALSTON BUSHART, ORC CAPT. ROBERT M. CARSWELL, JR., ORC

COL. GREGORIO MLROUEZ, ORC COL. W. R. PIERCE, GSC MAJ. ADRIEN A. TALBOT, VALLARINO

AC

JosE B.

LT. COL. CALIXTO C. VALLE, GSC LT. COL. ANDREW F. GORDON, GSC LT. COL. GEORGE H. HOLLINGSWORTH, GSC Attached to the Secretariat------- LT. COMDE. HARVEY R. NYLUND, USN

Inter-American Defense Board is composed of military, naval, organization a permanently constituted and aviation technical delegates appointed by each of the governments of the 21 American Republics. It was established in accordance with CREATION AND ATHOEITY.-The

91

EMERGENCY AGENCIES

Resolution XXXIX of the meeting of Foreign Ministers at Rio de Janeiro in January 1942. The Board, which is an autonomous international organization under the auspices of the Pan American Union, meets regularly in the City of Washington. PuRPosE.-The Board studies and recommends to the governments of the American Republics measures necessary for the defense of the Western Hemisphere. Approved. W. R. PIERCE

Secretary General

International Emergency Food Council 1735 DeSales Street NW. EXecutive 7760 ME2MBER NATIONS

Australia Austria Belgium

Brazil Canada Chile Cuba Czechoslovakia Denmark Egypt

Finland France

Portugal Republic of the Philippines

Greece

Siam

Hungary India Italy

Sweden .Switzerland Turkey China Union Mexico of South Africa

Netheirlands New Zealand Norway Poland

United Kingdom United States

OFFICIALS Chairman.------------------------Vice Chairman.--------------------Secretary General---...........,.,

L. A. H. PETBES (Netherlands) J. C. VAN EsscHE (Belgium) DE. D. A. FITZGERALD

CREATION AND AUTHORITY.-The creation of the International Emergency Food Council was recommended during the Special Meeting on Urgent Food Problems convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization in Washington on May 20, 1946. Immediately following this meeting, the Combined Food Board invited twenty-one nations to participate in the organization of the Council. On July 1, 1946, the International Emergency Food Council took over for the postwar emergency period the activities of the war-created Combined Food Board. The Council has no administrative authority. It formulates and recommends for acceptance of member governments, plans for the international distribution of foods or related materials which are in relatively short supply. A Central Committee of nine country members conducts the affairs of the Council between its sessions. 738488°-47-7

92

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

PURPosEs.-The purposes of the Council are to consider and formulate plans with regard to any question in respect of which member governments may have a common concern relating to the supply and distribution of foods, agricultural materials from which foods a derived, and equipment and non-food materials used for the production of such foods; and to make recommendations to the member governments in respect to any such question. ACTIVITIES.-The major activities of the Council are organized along commodity lines. Twelve commodity committees periodically review the supply and requirements for commodities under their purview, at the same time consulting with non-member countries who may have import requirements, or who may be in a position to contribute some supplies to meeting world requirements. MEMBERSHIP.-Any country which has an important interest in the international trade of a commodity is eligible for membership in the committee dealing with that commodity. Membership in the Council is open to any government which is a member of one or more commodity committees, or has a general interest in the international trade of the commodities within the purview of the Council. Approved. D. A. FITZGERALD Secretary General

Department of State* Twenty-first Street and Virginia Avenue NW. REpublic 5600 OFFICIALS Secretary of State -. ___.. _-...__.. .. _..._. Special Assistant to the Secretary in charge of Research and Intelligence -----. Special Assistant to the. Secretary for Press Relations ---

. -------..

....

______

GEORGE C. MARSHALL WILLIAM A. EDDY MICHAEL J. MCDERMOTT

Special Assistant to the Secretary .-____ CHARLES E. BOHLEN Under Secretary of State .----_____DEAN ACHESON' Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs -VWILLIAM L. CLAYTON Counselor of the Department ----------------.BENJAMIN V. COHEN Assistant Secretary of State -.(for American Republic Affairs) -_..________________ SPRUILLE BRADEN Assistant Secretary of State (for Public Affairs) --- WILLIAM BENTON Assistant Secretary of State (for Economic Affairs) - WILLARD L. THORP Assistant Secretary of State (for Transport and Communications Affairs) _----------___ GARRISON NORTON Assistant Secretary of State (for Occupied Areas)_ JOHN H. HILLDRING .Assistant Secretary of State (for Administration)_ JOHN E. PEURIFOY Deputy Assistant Secretary-.... ---------- CHARLES M. HULTEN Legal Adviser _. _...-. __________ . ....... CHARLES FAHY ...... Director, Executive Secretariat-.. .,,,-.... CARLISLE H. HUMELSINE Policy Registry Branch ---. __ _......._ BROMLEY IK. SMITH, Acting Chief Committee Secretariat Branch- _. .___ JAMES Q. REBER Acting Protocol Officer, Protocol Staff -- ___-_____.___ STANLEY WOODWARD Chief, Correspondence Review Branch ....., BLANCHE R. HALLA Director, Office of European Affairs -------..... H. FREEMAN MATTHEWS Deputy Director -.... _--,,......--.-JOHN D. HICKERSON Chief, Division of British Commonwealth Affairs-------___._,__,._____.,__ EDWARD T. WAILES Chief, Division of Eastern European Affairs-..-LLEWELLYN E. THOMPChief, Division of Central Europe an Affairs----Chief, Division of Southern European Affairs--

JAMES W. RIDDLEBERGER WALWORTH BARBOuR, Act-

ing Chief, Division of Northern European Affairs ---- HUGH ,S. CUMMING, Jr. Chief, Division of Western European Affairs - - - SAMUEL REBER Director, Office of Far Eastern Affairs--,....,. JOHN CARTER VINCENT Deputy Director.-... --..---JAMES K. PENFIELD Chief, Division of Chinese Affairs.-..___--ARTHUR R. RINGWALT Chief, Division of Northeast Asian Affairs.----HUGH BORTON Chief, Division of Southeast Asian Affairs---.ABBOT Low MOFFAT Chief, Division of Philippine Affairs... _--- RICHARD .R. ELY, Acting Director, Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs LOY W. HENDERSON Deputy Director---J- -------------- _.---- HENRY S. VILLARD Chief, Division of Near Eastern Affairs.—-----GORDON P. MERRIAM Chief, Division of Middle Eastern and Indian Affairs-------,.,,------------------,,. HAROLD B. MINOR Chief, Division of African AffairsCLARE H. TIMBERLAKE Director. Office of American Republic Affairs--ELLIS 0. BRIGGS Deputy Director---------------------ROBERT W. WOODWARD Chief, Division of Mexican Affairs------.---- GUY W. RAY Chief, Division of Caribbean Affairs--.-WILLARD F. BARBER Chief, Division of Central America and Panama Affairs-————— __-----_----__-----ROBERT NEWBEGIN Orgranization chart on page 574. be succeeded by Robert A. Lovett, effective July 1, 1947.

1 To

93

94

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Office of American Republic Affairs-Con. C f, Division of Brazilian Affairs ------------. Cf, Division of River Plate Affairs---------Cf, Division of North and West Coast Affairs-Cf, Division of Special Inter-American AffairsDirector, Office of Special Political Affairs -_ _ --------------------Deputy Director -

ALLAN DAWSON CECIL B. LYON MILTON K. WELLS JOHN C. DREIER DEAN RUSK ELWOOD N. THOMPSON, Act-

Chief, Division of International Organization --------------------------_ Affairs --Chief, Division of International Security AffairsChief, Division of Dependent Area Affairs-----Director, Office of International Trade Policy ---_---Deputy DirectorChief, Division of Commercial Policy Chief, International Resources Division-------Chief, Petroleum Division -------------------Chief, Division of International Labor, Social, and Health Affairs ---------------------Director, Office of Financial and Development Policy---------------------------------Chief, Division of Financial Affairs ----------Chief, Division of Investment and Economic Development ----------------------------Chief, Division of Lend-Lease and Surplus War Property Affairs --------------------------

ing

DURWARD V. SANDIFER JOSEPH E. JOHNSON 0. BENJAMIN GERIG CLAIR WILCOX PAUL H. NITZE WINTHROP G. BROWN DONALD D. KENNEDY JOHN A. LOFTUS THOMAS HOLLAND, Acting NORMAN T. NESS HAROLD R. SPIEGEL HUBERT F. HAVLIK

MATLOCK, C. CLIFFORD Acting . MARTIN, Acting Director, Office of Economic Security Policy ------- EDWIN Chief, Division of Economic Security Controls--- WALTER S. SURREY Chief, Division of German and Austrian Eco----------------------- CHARLES P. KINDLEBERGER nomic Affairs Chief, Division of Japanese and Korean Eco-

EDWIN M. MARTIN nomic Affairs---------------------------Commissioner, Office of Foreign Liquidation---— MAJ. GEN. DONALD H. CONNOLLY Deputy Commissioner for Operations---------- FRED W. RAMSEY

CHESTER M. CARRE Monetary Consultant---------------------Deputy Commissioner for Policy—-----------HORACE REED Assistant to the Commissioner---------------- ALDEN W. BOYD Special Assistant to the Commissioner-—------- BEN G. CROSBY GEORGE T. ELLIMAN -------------------Executive Director Assistant to the Executive Director (AdminisJOHN H. MAHAN --------------------tration)------Area Director for Pacific, Persian Gulf, Africa, Middle East, India and Burma—---------ARVIN P. UPTON Area Director for Europe------------------

ROBERT C. CREEL

Director Fiscal and Accounting Division -----

RAYMOND J. QUEENIN

Director, Maritime Division---------------Director, Research and Statistics Division---Field Commissioner for Canada and North Atlantic Areas ------------------------Field Commissioner for Military Programs----

CORNELIUS LYNDE GuY E. NoYES

Area Director for Western Hemisphere------- LEo ERCK TRAVIS E. FLETCH Chief Compliance OfficerDirector, Administrative Division----------- LT. COL. JAMES H. TROTH Director; General Disposals Division-------- FRANCIS T. MURPHY Director, Legal Division—-----------------CHARLES H. KENDALL

Director, Office of Transport and Communications -----Affairs --Chief, Aviation Division-

----------------------------

Chief, Shipping Division-

------------

Chief, Telecommunications Division----------

CHARLES B. JONES MAJ. GEN. RALPH H. TEN

Woo-

WALTER A. RADIUS LIVINGSTON T. MERCHANT

JESSH E. SAUGSTAD

FRANCIS COLT DE WOLF

95

DEPARTMENT OF STATE Director, Office of Public Affairs __.._... ...... Chief, Division of Public Liaison... _...._-.

_

Acting

Chief, Division of Public Studies _ Chief, Division of Historical Policy ResearchChief, Division of Publications-............

S. SHEPARD JONES, Acting G. BERNARD NOBLE E. WILDER SPAULDING1

Director, Office of International Information and Cultural Affairs --..------------..--------Deputy Director -------------..............

Executive

Secretary,

Program Planning

Evaluation Board---.------------------Adviser, UNESCO Relations Staff --------

Chairman,

Interdepartmental

Acting

WILLIAM T. STONE G. STEWART BROWN

and

Committee

__ VICTOR HUNT, Acting _---. CHARLES A. THOMSON

on

Scientific and Cultural Cooperation ----...Deputy Chairman ------------------------Vice Chairman -----------------------..... Executive Secretary ..-----------------

Chief, International Press and Publications Division-...

FRANCIS H. RUSSELL MARGARET R. T. CARTER,

---------------------............

WILLIAM BENTON HOWLAND H. SARGEANT ILLIAM T. STONE OLCOTT H. DEMING J. NOEL MACY

Chief, International Broadcasting Division---... KENNETH D. FRY Chief, International Motion Pictures Division..-- JOHN M. BEGG Chief, Division of International Exchange of

Persons---------. .........-........... Chief, Division of Libraries and Institutes --. __Chief, Area Division I (Europe) --............ Chief, Area Division II (Near East and Africa) __-Chief. Area Division III (Far East)----------Chief, Area Division IV (American Republics) - Chief, Area Division V (Occupied Areas) ...----. Director General of the Foreign Service ------.-Deputy Director General---------------.--Director, Office of the Foreign Service ------Chief, Division of Foreign Service Planning----Chief, Division of Foreign Service Personnel ---Director, Foreign Service Institute-----------Chief, Division of Foreign Reporting Services

Chief, Division of Foreign Service Administra-

HERSCHEL BRICKELL RICHARD H. HBINDEL ERIC BELLQUIST JOHN M. STEEVES Acting ROBERT H. BERKOV, Acting FITZHUGH GRANGER HENRY P. LEVERICH CHRISTIAN M. RAVNDAL (VACANCY) HAYWOOD P. MARTIN, Acting TYLER THOMPSON CECIL WAYNH GRAY WILLIAM P. MADDOX A. CYRIL CGILLEY, Acting

ion-------------------------------------HOWARD DONOVAN Chief, Division of Foreign Buildings Operations- FREDERICK LARKIN

Director, Office of Departmental Administration—- STANLEY T. OREAR, Acting Chief, Division of Management Planning------ JUST LUNNING Chief, Division of Departmental Personnel—- - W. PIERCE MACCOY

Chief, Division of Central Services---------- WILLIAM D. WEIGHT Chief, Division of Communications and Records- WALTER K. SCOTT Chief, Division of Cryptography—-C.------- CAPT. LEE W. PARKE Chief, Division of International Conferences---Chief, Central Translating Division--------.. Director, Office of Budget and Finance---------Chief, Division of Bud-et-----------_ Chief, Division of Finance-----------------_ Chief, UNRRA Divisionl--------------—---

WARREN KELCHNER GUILLERMO A. SUEO J. CARNEY HOWELL Acting FRANKLIN A. HOLMES Louis F. THOMPSON EDWARD E. KUNZE, Acting

Director, Office of Controls------------------ HAMILTON ROBINSON Chief, Passport Division --RUTH B. SHIPLEY Chief, Visa Division----------------------- GEORGE J. HAERING Chief, Special Projects Division--------------- ALBERT E. CLATTENBUBGi Jr. Chief, Division of Foreign Activity Correlation_ JACK D. NEAL Chief, Division of Security and Investigations.. THOMAS F. FITCH Chief, Munitions Division --------------_--- ELMER T. CUMMINS Director, Office of Intelligence Research---------- ALLAN EVANS Deputy Director--------------------------. A. SIDNEY BUFORD 3D Chief, Division of Research for American Republics-

------...--.---

ROLAND D.

HUSSEY

96

JUNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Office of Intelligence Research-Con. H. STUART HUGHES, Acting Chief, Division of Research for Europe ------Chief, Division of Research for Far East------- CHARLES C. STELLE Chief, Division of Research for Near East and Louis E. FRECHTLING,. ActAfrica ---------------------------------ing Chief, Division of International and Functional Intelligence----------------------------- WILLIAM T. HAM Director Office of Intelligence Collection and GEORGE R. FEARING, Jr. —- ——-----—Dissemination FREDERICX G. KILGOUR _ _ ----------Deputy Director Chief, Acquisition and Distribution Division ---- PHILIP G. STRONG JOHN H. OTTMILLER, Acting —-------Chief, Reference Division Chief, Biographic Information Division ------- HENDRIK VAN Oss, Acting Chief, Map Intelligence Division------------ OTTO E. GUTHEE

CREATION AND AUTHoRTY.-Prior to the adoption of the Constitution the foreign affairs of the United States were conducted successively by the Committee of Secret Correspondence (1775-77), the Committee of Foreign Affairs (1777-81), and the Department of Foreign Affairs (1781-89). The Department of Foreign Affairs was reconstituted, following the adoption of the Constitution, by an act of Congress approved July 27, 1789 (1 Stat. 28). The name of the Department was changed to "Department of State and its activities extended to include some of a purely domestic nature by an act approved September 15, 1789, "to provide for thesafekeeping of the Acts, Records, and Seal of the United States, and for other purposes" (1 Stat. 68; 5 U. S. C. 151). Since 1789 many statutes affecting the Department have been enacted, but its primary functions have remained unaltered. PuTRFosE.-The principal responsibility for the determination of the policy of the Government in relation to international problems devolves upon the Department of State. Some of the more vital decisions on questions of foreign affairs are made by the President, but the day-to-day international negotiations, the specific measures for the promotion of solidarity with friendly countries, the development of policies and programs for American participation in the United Nations and other international organizations, and the conduct of the voluminous correspondence with the diplomatic and consular representatives of the United States as well as with the representatives of foreign powers accredited to the United States, are delegated to the Department of State. Certain domestic duties of the Department have been transferred from time to time, by legislation, to other agencies including the Departments of Justice, the Interior, and Commerce, but the Department of State is still charged with such duties as the custody of the Great Seal of the United States, the publication of the Statutes at Large, and the conduct of correspondence with the States of the Union on the ratification of proposed amendments to the Constitution and on the "ascertainment" of presidential electors. ORGANIZATION.-The work of the Department is directed by the Secretary of State, who is the highest ranking member of the Cabinet. lHe is at the head not only of the home establishment in Washington but also of the Foreign Service of the United States in lands abroad.

97

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

The Directors of the 18 Offices of the Department report to the Secretary and the Under Secretaries, directly or indirectly, as follows: Directly: Office of European Affairs Office of Far Eastern Affairs Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs Office of Special Political Affairs Through the Assistant Secretary for American Republic Affairs: Office of American Republic Affairs Through the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs: Office of Public Affairs Office of International Information and Cultural Affairs Through the Assistant Secretary for Economic Affairs: Office of International Trade Policy Office of Financial and Development Policy Office of Economic Security Policy Office of Foreign Liquidation Through the Assistant Secretary for Transport and Communications Affairs: Office of Transport and Communications Affairs Through the Assistant Secretary for Administration: Office of the Foreign Service Office of Departmental Administration Office of Budget and Finance Office of Controls Through the Spccial Assistant to the Secretary for Research and intelligence: Office of Intelligence Research Office of Intelligence Collection and Dissemination

The Foreign Service of the United States includes ambassadors and ministers, Foreign Service officers, Foreign Service Reserve officers (specialists in economics, cultural affairs, agriculture, and other fields), Foreign Service Staff officers and employees, and consular agents; all of these are required to be American citizens except consular agents and certain clerks and employees. Officers in the Foreign Service are listed in the Department's quarterly Foreign Service List. Foreign Service officers are ordinarily assigned as career ministers, counselors of embassy or legation, attaches, diplomatic secretaries, consuls general, consuls, or vice consuls. Diplomatic representatives of the United States are accredited to the following countries: Embassies Argentina Australia Belgium Bolivia Brazil Canada C anadalEl Chile

Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador aSr lvado France

India Iran Iraq Italy Mexico ^Netherlands Nicaragua Norway

Poland Portugal Siam Spain Turkey Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Czechoslovakia

Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras

Paraguay Peru Republic of the Philippines

Venezuela Yugoslavia

g98

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL Legations

Afghanistan Austria Estonia' Ethiopia Finland Hungary

Iceland Ireland Latvia 1 Lebanon Liberia Lithuania

Luxembourg Morocco ' New Zealand Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Sweden

Switzerland Syria Union of South Africa

American missions have been established at Sofia, Bulgaria, and at Bucharest, Rumania. The United States maintains an Office of the Personal Representative of the President at Vatican City. The United States maintains the following special offices: Office of the United States Political Adviser on German Affairs, at Berlin; Office of United States Political Adviser to the Supreme Commander for Allied Powers, at Tokyo; and Office of United States Political Adviser to the Commanding General of United States Occupation Forces in Korea, at Seoul. Certain of the above offices are authorized to perform consular duties as well as diplomatic functions. In addition, the United States maintains approximately 250 consular offices in cities throughout the world. ACTIVITIES The principal activities of the Department of State, arranged in accordance with the organization of the Department into offices and divisions, are set forth below. The work of the first group, consisting of the Secretary of State and his principal aides, covers the entire field of the Department's activities. THE SECRETARY OF STATE.As head of the Department of State and principal adviser to the President in the determination and execution of American foreign policy, the Secretary of State is charged with the responsibility for all the activities of the Department. UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE.-The Under Secretary serves as the Secretary's deputy in all matters and, in the absence of the Secretary. as Acting Secretary of State. UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE FOR EcoNoMIc AFrAIRS.-This officer has over-all responsibility for the policies and actions of the Department of State in relation to economic affairs and serves as chairman of the (interdepartmental) Executive Committee on Economic Foreign Policy. In the absence of the Secretary of State and the Under Secretary of State, he becomes Acting Secretary. COUNSELOR.-The Counselor of the Department advises and assists the Secretary in the solution of major problems of foreign relations, including the negotiation of treaties with foreign governments. In the absence of the Secretary and the two Under Secretaries, he becomes Acting Secretary of State. ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF STATE.-One of the Assistant Secretaries

has charge of relations of the United States with the other American republics.

Another Assistant Secretary is responsible for the public

information policy of the Department and for international cultural relations. A third Assistant Secretary has general jurisdiction in the field of international economic affairs. A fourth Assistant Secretary is responsible for work pertaining to international transport and i Closed.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

99

communications. A fifth has jurisdiction over occupied-area affairs, and a sixth supervises the work of the Department of State in the fields of Departmental and Foreign Service administration and controls. LEGAL ADvIsER.-The Legal Adviser and his staff are responsible for all matters of a legal character concerning the Department and the Foreign Service. The Office of the Legal Adviser also includes a Legislative Counsel; Special Assistants for Atomic Energy Matters and German-Austrian Affairs; Assistant Legal Advisers for Political Affairs, International Organization Affairs, International Claims Economic Affairs, Administration and Foreign Service. Military Affairs and Occupied Areas, Public Affairs, and Special Problems; and an Assistant for Treaty Affairs. SPECIAL AN-D OTIIER AsSISTATS.-One of the Special Assistants to the Secretary, with rank equivalent to that of an Assistant Secretary, is in charge of research and intelligence; a second Special Assistant is in charge of the Department's relations with the press. One other Special Assistant aids the Secretary in his immediate office. EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT.-This Secretariat coordinates the work of the offices of the Secretary and Under Secretaries. It also includes a Policy BR2gistry Branch, a Committee Secretariat Branch, a Protocol Staff, anda Correspondence Review Branch. Office of American Republic Affairs This Office is responsible for the formulation of over-all policies for the conduct of the relations of the United States with the other American republics and for the coordination, as to these countries, of the programs and activities of other offices and divisions of the Department and of other Federal agencies. The several Divisions of the Office of American Republic Affairs are responsible for relations with the countries and territories named in the ensuing para-raphs. DIvIsIoN OF MEXICAN AFFAIRS .- Mexco. DIvIsIoN OF CARIBBEAN AFFAIRs.-Cuba. Dominican Republic. Haiti and (in collaboration with the appropriate divisions in the Office of European Affairs) European possessions in the area, except British Honduras. DIvISIoN OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND PANAMA AFFAIRs.-Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. DIVIsION OF BRAZILIAN AFFAIRiS.-Brazil. Division OF RIVES PLATE AFFAIRS.-Argentina, Paraguay, and Uru-

guay.

DIVISION OF NORTH AND

VEST

COAST

lombia. Ecuadl.or, Peru, and Venezuela.

AFFAIRS.-Bolivia, Chile, Co-

DIVISION OF SPECIAL INTER-AMERICAN. AFFA IRS.-This Division initiates and coordinates policy and action regarding the Inter-American System (multilateral relationship among the American republics) and its agencies. organs, and conferences.

Office of European Affairs The Office of European Affairs is responsible for matters similar to those described as the responsibility of the Office of American Republic Affairs, relating to the following countries:

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DIVISION OF BRITISH COMMONWEALTH AiFAIRS.-British Commonwealth of Nations, and British territories (jointly with the other interested geographic offices and divisions) except India, Burma, Ceylon, and possessions in Africa. DIVISION OF EASTERN EUROPEAN AFFAIRS.-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (jointly with the Division of Northeast Asian Affairs in matters relating to the Soviet Far East) , Poland, and other areas of eastern Europe. DIVISION OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN AFFAIRS.-Germany, Austria, and

Czechoslovakia.

DIVISION OF SOUTHERN EUROPEAN ArFAIRS.-Aibania, Bulgaria,

Hungary, Italy, Rumania, San Marino, Yugoslavia, and the Vatican. DIVISION OF NORTHERN EUROPEAN AFFAIRs.-Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, territories of these countries (jointly with the other interested geographic offices and divisions), and the Polar Regions. DIVISION OF WESTERN EUROPEAN AFFAIRS.-Andorra, Belgium, France, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and territories of these countries (jointly with the other interested geographic offices and divisions), except possessions in Africa. Office of Far Eastern Affairs The Office of Far Eastern Affairs is respoisible for matters similar to those described as the responsibility of the Office of American Republic Affairs, relating to the following countries: DIVISION OF CHINESE AFFAIRs.-China. DIVISION or NORTHEAST ASIAN AFFAIRS.-Japan, Korea, the former Japanese m-andated islands in the Pacific, Japanese island possessions now under the de facto control of the United States, and (in conjunction with the Division of Eastern European Affairs) the Soviet "Far Eastern Region,"' including former Japanese possessions now under Soviet control. DIVISION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN AFFAIRS.-Siam and (jointly with the Oflice of European Affairs) Indochina, Malaya, British Borneo, Netherlands Indies, Portuguese Timor, and British and French island

possessions in the Pacific.

DIVISION OF PHILIPPINE AFFAIRS.-Republic of the Philippines and

American-controlled islands of the Pacific (except those within the jurisdiction of the Division of Northeast Asian Affairs). Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs The Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs is responsible for matters, similar to those described as the responsibility of the Office of American Republic Affairs, relating to the following countries: DIVISION OF NEAR EASTERN AFFAIRS.-Egypt; Greece, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine and Trans-Jordan, Saudi Arabia and other countries of the

Arabian Peninsula, Syria, Turkey, and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

DIVISION OF MIDDLE EASTERN AND INDIAN AFrAIRS.—Afghanistan, Burma, Ceylon, Iran, India, and Nepal.

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DIVISION OF AFRICAN AFFAIRS.-Ethiopia, Liberia, and all other parts of Africa (including colonies, protectorates, and mandated territories) except the Union of South Africa, Algeria, Egypt, and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Office of Special Political Affairs This Office is charged with responsibility for the formulation and coordination of policy and action relating to the special political affairs described below. DIvIsION OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION AFFAIRS.-This

Division

is responsible for full utilization by the United States of the United Nations General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, specialized and regional international organizations, and the international judiciary. DivisioN OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS.-This Division is responsible for matters regarding the Security Council of the United Nations, including the security aspects of relations between regional systems or arrangements and the United Nations. DIVISION OF DEPENDENT AREA AFFAIRS.-This Division is responsible for initiating and supporting American policies and actions affecting non-self-governing territories. Office of International Trade Policy The Office of International Trade Policy is charged with responsibility for the initiation, formulation, and coordination of policy and action by the Department of State for international economic, trade, and commercial affairs. DivisioN OF COMMERCIAL POLICY.-This Division is responsible for the formulation and coordination of the international commercial policy of the United States; protection and promotion of American foreign trade (on the basis of private enterprise) and of American commercial and agricultural rights abroad; elimination of international discriminatory trade practices; and general promotion of multilateral world trade. INTERNATIONAL RESOURCES DIVISION.-This Division is responsible for the formulation and coordination of policy and action with respect to agricultural and industrial commodities and resources (excepting petroleum) of major international economic interest; conservation of international fishery and wildlife resources: and elimination of restrictive business practices of international combines and cartels. PETROLEUM DIVIsIoN.-This Division is responsible for the formulation and coordination of policy and action in all foreign policy matters pertaining to petroleum and petroleum products. DIvIsIoN OF INTERNATIONAL LABOR, SOCIAL, AND HEALTI-I AFFAIRS.-

This Division is charged with responsibility for the formulation and coordination of policy and action in matters pertaining to the application of appropriate principles in our foreign relations pertaining to labor, social, and health matters, and for promoting international cooperation in these fields.

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Office of Financial and Development Policy This Office is responsible for the initiation, formulation, and coordination of policy and action by the Department of State for international financial and economic development affairs. DIVISION Or FINANCIAL AFFAIRS.-This Division is responsible for development of financial arrangements and practices to promote (a international financial equilibrium and interchange of trade; (b) stabilization of exchange rates and liberalization of exchange controls; and (c) rehabilitation of the currencies, and restoration of the banking, credit, and fiscal systems, of devastated countries. DIVISION OF INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.-This Division is responsible for matters pertaining to restoration and development of mutually beneficial public and private investment abroad as a basis for expanding multilateral trade; promotion of the economic development of foreign countries; and protection of the foreign investments of American nationals. DIvISION OF LEND-LEASE AND SURPLUS WVAR PROPERTY AFFAIRS.This Division is responsible for coordinating with over-all American foreign relations (and particularly with economic foreign policies)

the settlement of lend-lease obligations and the disposal of surplus war property. Office of Economic Security Policy This Office is responsible for initiation, formulation, and coordina-

tion of policy and action by the Department for economic security

policy, including economic aspects of the occupation of Germany,

Austria, Japan, and Korea.

DIVISION OF ECONOMIC SECURITY CONTROLS.-This Division is responsible for promoting such foreign economic policies as will tend

to prevent future economic aggression by the Axis states but will permit the relaxation of certain wartime economic controls. DIvIsION OF GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN ECONOMIC AFrAIRS.-This Division is responsible for matters pertaining to economic and financial aspects of (a) the occupation and control of Germany in accordance with the principles established by the Potsdam Conference; and (b) the occupation and control of Austria and its reestablishment as an independent state. DIVISION OF JAPANESE AND KOREAN ECONOMIC AFFAIRS. 'This Division is responsible for matters pertaining to economic and financial aspects of the occupation and control of Japan and Korea and the reestablishment of Korea as an independent state. Office of Foreign Liquidation This Office is responsible for taking action (based on prevailing foreign policy) on lend-lease settlements and the disposal of surplus war property. The Office includes five area divisions, three propertytypes divisions, two technical divisions, and four service divisions.

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Office of Transport and Communications Affairs This Office initiates and coordinates policy and action concerning the international aspects of transport and communications. AVIATION DIVISION.-This Division has responsibility for initiating and implementing policy and action in the Department in all matters pertaining to international civil aviation, including (a) development and operation of airlines and air transport abroad; (b) negotiation of international agreements covering civil aviation matters; (c) considering problems relating to airport and air-navigation facilities; (d) preparation of basic material for participation in international aviation conferences; (e) dealing, jointly with other divisions, with problems concerning surplus aircraft, civil-aviation policy in foreign countris, tr aining of foreign aviation personnel in the United States and abroad, disposition of foreign air bases, mainteinance of adcquate air navigation facilities, and international air mail; and (f) obtaining military and civil flight permits for American aircraft proceedsn5 abroad and, upon request of diplomatic missions accredited to th United States, for foreign aircraft visiting the United States. SHIPPING Divisiox.-This Division is responsible for the formulation and coordination of policy and action in matters concerning international shipping. This includes such activities as (a) analysis and study of all international aspects of shipping; (b) observationand review of developments in the maritime services and laws of other countries: (c) analysis and recommendation with regard to foreign policy aspects of subsidies and other governmental assistance to shipping and with regard to discriminatory laws or practices against American shipping; (d) initiation of policy on international aspects of inland transport matters and coordination of activities of other Federal agencies in this field; (e) formulation and execution of policy on matters involvigo the effect of ocean-freight and marine-insurance rates on foreign trade; (f) initiation and coordination of policy and action in connection with seamen's affairs; (g) analysis of regulatory measures and standards that affect shipping and trade, in order to determine their relationship to foreign policy; and (h) formulation and coordination of the work of the Department concerned with protection abroad of seamen and official services to ships by the Foreign Service of the United States. TELECOMMHUNICATIONs DivIsIoN.-This Division is charged responsibifity for the formulation and coordination of policy andwith action in matters pertaining to the international aspects of telegraph, telephone, cable, and postal communications: and of radio, with reference to technical as distinguished from informational phases. Office of Public.Affairs This Office formulates and coordinates policy and action concerning American foreign policy in its aspect of affecting and being affected by the American public. DIVISIoN OF PUBLIC LIAISON.-This Division maintains liaison between the Department of State and the American public in order that the public may (by means other than the issuance of releases to the press) be kept informed regarding the international relations of the

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United States and may be aided in presenting their views to the Department. DIvISION OF PUBLIC STUDIES.-This Division surveys and analyzses public expression (in all media) concerning foreign affairs and prepares reports on public opinions, public attitudes, and areas of lack of public information respecting American foreign policy. DIVISION OF HISTORICAL POLICY RESEARCH.-This Division is responsible for formulating and executing policy with respect to research in the field of American foreign policy, historically considered, including preparation of studies and compilations, maintenance of the Department's Library, and maintenance of liaison with the National Archives. DIvISION OF PUBLICATIONS.-Initiation and coordination of the publication policy of the Department of State and execution of the Departient's publishing program are the responsibilities of the Division of Publications. Office of International Information and Cultural Affairs This Office is responsible for the promotion among foreign peoples of a better understanding of the aims, policies, and institutions of the United States; the coordination of policy and action regarding programs of the United States in the field of international information and cultural affairs; the dissemination abroad of information about the United States through all appropriate media-; the promotion of freedom of information among peoples; the furtherance of the international exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills; and the integration with over-all American foreign policy of the programs and activities of other Federal agencies involving the international interchange of persons, knowledge, and skills. The Office includes a Program Planning and Evaluation Board, a UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) Relations Staff, and the Secretariat of the Interdepartmental Committee on Scientific and Cultural Cooperation. INTERNATIONAL PRESS AND PUBLICATIONS DIVISION.—-This Division

is responsible for the initial formulation of operational policy with

respect to, and for the conduct of, the participation of the Department in the international dissemination of information through the media of the press, publications (excluding books), and related visual techniques. INTERNATIONAL

BROADCASTING DivIsIoN.-This Division is respon-

sible for the initial formulation of operational policy with respect to, and for the conduct of, the participation of the Department in the international dissemination of information through the medium ot radio broadcasting. INTERNATIONAL MOTION PICTURES DIVISION.-This Division is re-

sponsible for the initial formulation of operational policy with respect to and for the conduct of, the participation of the Department in the international dissemination of information through the medium of motion pictures. DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF PERsoNs.-This Division is responsible for the initial formulation of operational policy with

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respect to, and the conduct of, the participation of the Department in the international exchange of information, knowledge, and skills so far as such operations involve (a) the exchange of students, professors, specialists, or other persons, and (b) relationships between organizations in the fields of the sciences, letters, and arts. DIVISION OF LIBRARIES AND INSTITUTEs.-This Division is responsible for the initial formulation of operational policy with respect to, and for the conduct of, the participation of the Department in the international exchange of information, knowledge, and skills so far as such operations involve the establishment of, assistance to, the operation of, or the provision of books and other cultural materials for, libraries, cultural centers, schools, or other institutions in foreign lands, and the provisions of such materials for other uses by the diplomatic missions of the United States. AREA DIvisioNs.-The functions of the Area Divisions of this Office include (a) planning the informational and cultural programs in their respective areas, (b) coordinating the various programs of this Office abroad at the operating stage and establishing controls over projects in operation and over requests and proposals for action, (c) maintaining liaison with the appropriate geographic offices of the Department and their component divisions, (d) in cooperation with the Office of the Foreign Service and other offices, recruiting, training, and supervising field employees engaged in the informational and cultural programns, and (e) preparing analytical studies of field reports to further the planning of more effective programs. The regions with which the Area Divisions are concerned are indicated below. AREA DivIsIoN I (EUROPE).-—Countries under the jurisdiction of the Office of European Affairs, with the exception of Germany, Austria, and Trieste, and with the addition of Greece. AREA DIVISION II (NEAR EAST AND AFRICA).-Countries under the jurisdiction of the Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs, -with the exception of Greece. AREA DIVISION III (FAR EAST).-Countries under the jurisdiction

of the Office of Far Eastern Affairs, with the exception of Japan and Korea. AREA DIVISION IV (AMERICAN REPUBLICS).-Countries under the jurisdiction of the Office of American Republic Affairs. AREA DIVISION V (OCCUPIED AREAS).-Germany, Austria, Japan,

Korea, and Trieste.

Office of the Foreign Service Under the Foreign Service Act of 1946, approved August 13, 1946 (Public Law 724, 79th Cong., 2d sess.), the Foreign Service of the United States is directly governed by a Director General, a Board of the Foreign Service (three Assistant Secretaries of State and other Government officers), and a Board of Examiners for the Foreign Service (constituted in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of State). DIVISION OF FOREIGN SERVICE PLANNING.-Responsibility for pro-

gramming, planning, and recommending continual adjustments and improvements in the over-all administration of the Foreign Service

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is assigned to the Division of Foreign Service Planning, in collaboration with other offices and divisions of the Department. This responsibility includes (a) defining and analyzing functions and activities; (b) initiating and reviewing projects and programs to be undertaken by the Foreign Service; (c) analyzing and making recommendations concerning the organization and management of establishments abroad; (d) working to assure coordination of administrative policies, procedures, and practices of the Foreign Service with those of the Department and other agencies; (e) preparation, in collaboration with other divisions, of budgetary programs covering Foreign Service needs and of programs for the allotment of available funds; (f) assisting in the development of effective organizational, administrative, and procedural techniques relating to the Foreign Service; (g) initiating and drafting legislation and executive and regulatory orders affecting the administration of the Foreign Service; and (h) conducting other planning activities for the continuous improvement of the administrative management and direction of the Foreign Service in Washington and abroad. DIVISION or FOREIGN SERVICE PERSONNEL.-This Division is responsible for (a) recruitment, appointment, and promotion of all Foreign Service personnel; (b) stimulation of effective personnel management in establishments abroad; (c) planning and development of positionclassification and salarv-administration programs and establishing the alignment of both; (d) cooperation with other divisions in the development and use of training programs; and (e) counseling with Foreign Service personnel. for carryFOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE.-The Institute is responsible departmental and Service ing out programs of training for Foreign personnel and, upon request, for employees of other Government agencies who are being sent abroad, including programs for (a) basic officer training; (b) advanced officer training; (c) management and administrative training; and (d) language training. DIVISION OF FOREIGN REPORTING SERvIcEs.-This Division is charged with responsibility for (a) administrative coordination of instructions and supervision of foreign reporting services required by the Department and by other agencies in order to prevent duplication or conflict of requests or instructions, and programming of work schedules in respect to the economic and commercial reporting activities of the Foreign Service; (b) recommending adjustments needed in the field to comply with reporting requests and making recommendations to assure adequate and prompt distribution of reports; (c) administration of the system for evaluation of Foreign Service reports; and (d) seeing that there is a comprehensive flow of background and policy information to reporting officers in the field. Liaison ofcers of other Government departments and agencies assigned to this Division serve as a Board of Advisers in respect to economic and commercial reporting services. is DIvIsIoN OF FOREIGN SERVICE ADMINISTRATION.-This Division conmatters in Service Foreign the of supervision responsible for the cerning (a) notifications of outbreaks of disease, sanitary reports, and bills of health; (b) exports to the United States; (c) services in connection with the decease of Americans abroad; (d) notarial acts and other instruments executed abroad for use in the United States;

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(e) protection of American property and interests abroad; and (f) miscellaneous services to Americans abroad. The Division is also responsible for assuring to establishments in the field the effective servicing of their requests for supplies, equipment, etc., to meet general administrative needs, and in this connection performs such special duties as (a) arranging the opening and closing of Foreign Service establishments abroad; (b) operating the diplomatic pouch service and supervising diplomatic couriers; (c) supervising the Department's despatch agencies; and (d) giving general administrative assistance to missions sent abroad by other agencies. DIvISION OF FOREIGN BUILDINGS OPERATIONS.-This Division is responsible for the housing, maintenance, and furnishing of Foreign Service establishments abroad, including (a) purchasing of properties and constructing of buildings to house the diplomatic, consular, and other agencies of the United States Government abroad; (b) making the initial purchase of residential and special office furniture and furnishings; and (c) leasing of sites and property abroad. Office of Departmental Administration The Office of Departmental Administration is responsible for administrative activities and services applying to the entire Department except those relating to security, the budget, and fiscal affairs. DIvIsIoN OF MANAGENMENT PLANNING.-This Division is responsible for performing such functions as (a) assisting in the effective managemnent of the Department; (b) continuous appraisal of the Department's organizational and functional relations with other governmental and intergovernmental agencies; (c) investigation, analysis, and appraisal of the Department's organizational structure; (d) analysis of functions, work assignments, and lines of authority and responsibility among the offices and divisions of the Department with a view to clearer dennition; (e) study and analysis of work methods and procedures with a view,to simplification of work, standardization of methods and procedures, elimination of waste, and improved utilization of employee skills; (f) preparation, or assistance in preparation, and review of departmental regulations and announcements and other documents concerning organizational structure, .functions, lines of authority and responsibility, work methods, and procedures; and (g) participation with other divisions in the consideration of such matters as the preparation of budget estimates and allotment of positions, the evaluation and classification of positions, the allotment and utilization of space and equipment, and records administration. DIVISION OF DEPARTMENTAL PERSONNEL.-This Division has responsibility for (a) planning, development, and execution of policies and procedures governing personnel management in the Department; (b) administration and execution of the applicable provisions of law and of regulations controlling Government personnel-management programs; and (c) supervision of the development, installation, and maintenance of personnel records. DIVISION OF CENTRAL SERVIcEs.-This Division is charged with responsibility for such duties as (a) procurement, supply, and motor 738486°-47—8

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vehicle services of the Department and the purchase of administrative supplies and equipment for the Foreign Service; (b) procurement and allocation of space; (c) provision of a complete reproduction, service for administrative printing; and (d) the making of arrangements to facilitate the official travel of officers and employees of the Department and Foreign Service within and outside the continental limits of the United States. DivisioN OF COMM-UNICATIONS AND RECORDS.-This Division is responsible for the formulation of policies and the development and establishment of procedures and regulations governing the dispatch, receipt, and distribution of all correspondence, and telegraphic cominunications of the Department of State. It has jurisdiction over the operation of the central departmental files and records. DivisioN OF CRYPTOGRAPHY.-This Division is responsible for (a) the construction of codes; (b) the development of procedures and methods for the use of codes; (c) the selection of code equipment adequate for the needs of the Department and the Foreign Service; and (d) the maintenance of security of information transmitted by means of cryptographic systems. DIvISION OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES.-This Division is responsible for the planning, coordination, and execution of all organizational and administrative aspects of the preparation and conduct of international conferences. CENTRAL TRANSLATING DIVISION.-This Division is responsible, among other things, for all the translating and interpreting wo the Department, including (a) translation from English of certain official publications or other material recommended for distribution abroad by Government departments and agencies participating in the program of the Interdepartmental Committee on Scientific and Cultural Cooperation, and, in cooperation with other divisions and offices of the Department and the Interdepartmental Committee, the formulation and administration of programs for the distribution of such translations; (b) translation from English of addresses and statements on foreign policy, as required, such translations to serve as the official translated version of those public utterances; (c) translation of communications addressed to the President by heads of foreign states and other material referred by the White House, and of diplo7 inatic notes and miscellaneous material; and (d) the critical examination of foreign texts of draft treaties to which the United States is to be a party, with a view to the closest harmonizing thereof with the English text. Office of Budget and Finance This Office is responsible for consultation with and advice to the principal policy officials of the Department with respect to (a) the budgetary implications of their plans and programs, (b) presentation and justification of budgetary estimates to the Bureau of the Budget .and the Congress, and (c) development of the financial program and supervision of the budgetary and fiscal operations of the Department. DIVISION or BUDCGET.-This Division is responsible for all bn dgetary operations of the Department, including the Departmental Service,

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the Foreign Service, and international commissions, organizations and other bodies affiliated with the Department. These operations include (a) development of budgetary plans and procedures for carrying into effect the financial program; (b) coordination, analysis, and compilation of budgetary data; (c) conduct of budgetary consultations within the Department; (d) preparation of estimates of appropriations and justification thereof to the Bureau of the Budget and the Congress; (e) drafting of legislation affecting budgetary and fiscal policy and operations; (f) assistance to the Budget Officer of the Department in the hearings on the appropriation estimates before the Bureau of the Budget and the Congress; (g) budgetary control of appropriations through the allocation and allotment of funds and positions within the limitations prescribed by the Bureau of the Budget and the Congress; and (h) preparation of budgetary reports for the information of officials of the Department and as required by the Bureau of the Budget and the Congress. DIviSION OF FINANcE.-This Division is responsible for the fiscal operations of the Department, including international commissions, organizations, and other bodies affiliated with the Department, and the Foreign Service of the United States. These operations include (a) development, design, and installation of systems, methods, procedures, and forms for the control of fiscal operations; (b) maintenance of accounts and related records, including pay roll and departmental leave and retirement records; (c) audit of fiscal documents and accounts' (d) fiscal control of the obligation and disbursement of funds; (e) technical supervision of all field accounting and disbursing officers; (f) carrying out of fiscal arrangements necessary to the fulfillment of the financial obligations incurred by the United States through membership in international organizations; (g) collaboration with the Division of Foreign Service Administration in completing arrangements for the use by other departments and agencies of the Government of the fiscal facilities of the Foreign Service in the field; (h) collaboration in the procurement and sale of foreign exchange by Foreign Service establishments abroad; and (i) preparation of fiscal and related reports as requested by officials of the Department, the Foreign Service, the Bureau of the Budget, the Treasury Department, the General Accounting Office, and the Congress. UNRRA DIvisIoN.-This Division has responsibility for (a) directing the various phases of the UNRRA supply operations through the facilities of Government procuring agencies; (b) providing such assistance in regard to the formulation of policies and programs in connection with American participation in UNIRIA as may be requested; (c) assisting UNRRA in processing relief supply requirements; (d) processing UNRRA requisitions for supplies to be procured from American contributions to UNRRA; (e) preparing commitment letters and other procurement documents; (f) maintaining continual liaison with UNRRA and with the procuring and servicing agencies on procurement and movement of relief supplies; (g) maintaining accounting and operating records; and (h) preparing periodic and special reports as required.

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Office of Controls The responsibilities of this Office are indicated in the paragraphs which follow. PASSPORT DIVISION.-This Division is responsible for formulating and coordinating policy and action in all matters pertaining to (a) the administration of laws and regulations relating to the control of American citizens and nationals leaving and entering territory under the jurisdiction of the United States; (b) limitation of travel of American citizens in foreign countries; (c) determination of eligibility to receive passports or to be registered as citizens or nationals of the United States in American consulates; (d) prevention and detection of fraud in passport matters and the preparation of cases involving fraud for prosecution in the courts; (e) issuance of passports; (f) administration of passport work performed by the executive officers of the outlying Territories and possessions of the United States; (g) supervision of passport agencies; and (h) direction of clerks of courts with regard to passport matters. VISA DIVISION.-The Visa Division is charged with responsibility for the formulation and coordination of policy and action in all matters pertaining to (a) alien visa control; (b) the issuance of exit permits; (c) the control of immigration quotas; (d) collaboration with other divisions of the Department and other agencies of the Government concerning the control of travel of aliens to and from the United States. SPECIAL PROJECTS DivIsIoN.-This Division is responsible for the formulation and coordination of policy and action in all matters pertaining to (a.) the whereabouts and welfare of Americans abroad and, the transmission of funds to them; (b) the evacuation and repatriation of Americans from foreign countries; (c) coordination of foreign relief operations of private agencies with the foreign policy of the Government; (d) representation by the United States Government of the interest of foreign governments and problems arising from the wartime representation of American interests by third powers in countries where the United States has no representative; (e) supervision of the representation in the United States by third powers of the interests of governments having no representative in the United States; and (f) planning for the establishment of Interim Offices for German Affairs to represent the Allied Control Council for Germany throughout the world, and particularly an Interim Office in IWashington to perform quasi-consular functions in respect of German nationals in the United States. DIVISION or FOrEIGN ACTIVITY CORRELATION.-This Division is concerned with formulating and coordinating Department of State policy in regard to foreign security information; taking the necessary action to implement that policy; and directing all Departmental programs in this field. DIvIsIoN OF SECURITY AND INVESTIGATIONS.—This Division is responsible for investigation of Departmental and Foreign Service applications for appointment, for making such investigations in connection with the granting of passports and visas as may be necessary, and for rendering investigative assistance to other offices and divisions of the Department upon request.

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MuNITIoNis DIVISION.-.This Division performs various duties devolving upon the Department of State with respect to the registration of arms manufacturers and the control of international trade in arms and implements of war. Office of Intelligence Research This Office is responsible for planning, developing, and implementing an integrated intelligence-research program for the Department, coordinating it with those of other Federal agencies in order to provide the Department with foreign intelligence necessary for the formulation and execution of American foreign policy and to provide the National Intelligence Authority and the Central Intelligence Group with studies pertinent to the national security. Four geographic divisions and one international and functional division conduct positive intelligence research in the areas of responsibility indicated below: DIVISION OF RESEARCH FOR AM[ERICAN REPUBLICS.-Mexico, Central and South America, and the island republics of the Caribbean Sea. DIVISION OF RESEARCH FOR EUROPE.-All of continental Europe (except Greece and European Turkey); Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Great Britain, Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and the Union of South Africa; Iceland and Greenland; Algeria; and European dependencies in South America and the Caribbean. DIVISION OF RESEARCH FORp FAR EAST.-China, Korea, Japan, Republic of the Philippines, Siam, French Indochina, Malayan Union and Singapore, Netherlands Indies, and other islands and territories in this area. DIVISION OF RESEARCH FOR NEAR EAST AND AFRICA.-All of Africa,

except Algeria and the Union of South Africa; and all of the Near Eastern and Middle Eastern countries., including Greece, India, and Burma. DIVISION

OF INTERNATIONAL

AND FUNCTIONAL

INTELLIGENCE.-

This Division plans and executes programs of intelligence research in such subjects, crossing regional lines, as trade and finance, transport and communications, food and agriculture, social and cultural affairs, population and labor, natural and other economic resources, and technological developments.

Office of Intelligence Collection and Dissemination This Office is charged with the acquisition and distribution of positive intelligence source materials; the maintenance, cataloguing, and indexing of the Department's central collection of intelligence materials and reports; and the distribution of finished intelligence. ACQUIsITON AND DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.-To this Division is as-

signed responsibility for (a) the procurement of positive intelligence materials to meet existing and anticipated needs of the Department, (b) the distribution to the offices of the Department and to other authorized Government agencies, of incoming intelligence materials not handled by the Division of Communications and Records or the Division of Foreign Reporting Services, (c) detailed coordination of the Department's intelligence-acquisition program with those of other

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Government agencies, and (d) procurement and allocation of foreign publications received through American Foreign Service officers. REFERENCE DIVISION.-This Division has responsibility for (a) maintaining, cataloguing, indexing, and classifying by subject the Department's central collection of positive intelligence materials and reports, (b) servicing requests for intelligence materials, (c) informing users of the receipt of new intelligence, and informing the Acquisition and Distribution Division of the needs for new intelligence materials, and (d) preparing annotated bibliographies on current and long-range research and intelligence subjects. BIOGRPrIHIC INFORMATION DivISION.-This Division has responsibility for systematically organizing and evaluating information concerning persons in foreign countries who are of intrinsic importance or whose activities or views may be considered significant for the United States in connection with the determination and implementation of foreign policy. MAP INTELLIGENCE DIVISION.-This Division is responsible for serving the Department and other Govermnent agencies (a) by the collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign map and other cartographic intelligence, (b) by maintaining a comprehensive collection of maps, atlases, gazeteers, and other cartographic reference materials needed for the consideration of international questions, and (c) by preparing new maps.

CARIBBEAN COMMISSION

The Department of State exercises administrative jurisdiction over the United States Section of the Caribbean Commission. It is the function of this Commission, which includes also representatives of France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, to encourage and strengthen social and economic cooperation between member countries and their territories and colonies in the Caribbean area. INSTITUTE OF INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS INTER-AMERICAN

EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION

Under Executive Order 9710 of April 10, 1946, the Secretary of State is responsible for the cooperative programs conducted by the Institute of Inter-American Affairs and the Inter-American Educational Foundation, which were formerly controlled by the Office of Inter-American Affairs. Both corporations are headed by the same president. Their two boards of directors, whose members are appointed by the Secretary of State, are nearly identical in personnel. Officials of the Department of State are included on the Boards. Some of the cooperative agreements into which the two corporations have entered with the other American republics continue into the latter part of 1948. The programs are financed by contributions from the United States and from the other American republics in which the work is being done. The Inter-American Educational Foundation has as its general objective the development of cooperative educational programs which emphasize the improvement of elementary, secondary, and normal

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schools;* vocational and health education, especially in rural areas; community-centered schools; literacy; the teaching of the English language; and the interchange of teachers and students between the United States and the other American republics. The Institute of Inter-American Affairs conducts cooperative health and sanitation programs, such as establishment of health centers and hospitals; provision for improved water supply, sewage disposal, and mosquito control; study fand control of special diseases; compilation of vital statistics and epidemiological"information; enforcement of sanitary regulations; establishment of public health training centers; and health education. The food-supply program may be briefly described as consisting of agricultural extension work designed to introduce improved methods of food culture. Approved. GEORGE C. MARSHALL Secretary of State International Organizations in Which the United States Participates EXPLANATORY NOTE : Descriptions of many of the organizations listed below may be found in the publication entitled International Agencies in Which the United States Participates. Omitted from the lists below are bilateral bodies. subordinate bodies of listed organizations, and organizations which have been completely inactive for a number of years.

1. International organizations in which the United States participates in one of the following ways: (1) the United States participates officially as a member of the organization ; (2) the United States Government makes annual financial contributions to

the organization ; (3) the United States Government is a party to an international agreement creating the organization. Apricultural: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences. International Seed Testing Association. Coinmmcreial and Financial: Emergency Economic Committee for Europe. Inter-American Economic and Social Council. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. International Bureau for the Publication of Customs Tariffs. International Monetary Fund. International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property. Preparatory Commission of the International Trade Organization. Commodities: European Coal Organization. Inter-American Coffee Board. International Cotton Advisory Committee. International Emergency Food Council. International Sugar Council. International Tin Study Group. International Wheat Council. Rubber Study Group. Educational, Scientijic, Cultural: Central Bureau of the International Map of the World on the Millionth Scale. Inter-American Statistical Institute. International Astronomical Union. International Bureau of Weights and Measures. International Council of Scientific Unions. International Geographical Union. International Hydrographic Bureau. International Meteorological Organization. International Scientific Radio Union. International Statistical Institute. International Union of Chemistry. International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Pan American Institute of Geography and History. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Political and Legal: Allied Commission for Austria. Allied Commission on Reparations. Allied Control Commission for Bulgaria. Alliel Control Commission for Hungary. Allied Control Commission for Rumania.

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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Political and Legal-Continued Allied Control Council for Germany. Allied Council for Japan. Allied Swiss-German External Assets Liquidation Commission. Committee of Control of the International Zone of Tangier. Council of Foreign Ministers. Emergency Advisory Committee for Political Defense. Far Eastern Commission. Inter-Allied Reparations Agency. Inter-American Juridical Committee. International Court of Justice. International Military Tribunal. International Military Tribunal for the Far East. Interparliamentary Union for Promotion of International Arbitration. Mediterranean Zone Board of International Organization for Mine Clearance of European Waters. Pan American Union. Permanent Court of Arbitration. United Nations. United Nations War Crimes Commission. Social an(i :ealth: American International Institute for the Protection of Childhood. Caribbean Commission. Inter-American Commission of Women. Inter-American Committee on Social Security. Inter-American Indian Institute. Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees. Interim Commission of the World Health Organization. International Central Office for the Control of Liquor Traffic in Africa. International Commission for the Decennial Revision of the International Lists of Diseases and Causes of Death. International Labor Organization. 1 International Office of Public Health. International Penal and Penitentiary Commission. Pan American Sanitary Bureau. Permanent Central Opium Board. Preparatory Commission of the International Refugee Organization. Supervisory body, established by the convention for limiting the manufacture and regulating the distribution of narcotic'drugs (1931). United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Transport and Comnmunications: Engineering Committee of the North American Regional Broadcasting Conference. European Central Inland Transport Organization. Inter-American Radio Office. International Civil Aviation Organization. International Commission for the Maintenance of the Lighthouse at Cape Spartel. International Commission of the Rhine River. International Ice Patrol and Ice Observation Service. International Technical Committee of Aerial Legal Experts.' International Telecommunications Union. Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses. Permanent International Association of Road Congresses. Postal Union of the Americas and Spain. Provisional Maritime Consultative Council. Universal Postal Union. II. International organizations in which the United States participates by sending technical representatives to conferences and meetings. International Society for the Study of Chemistry of the Soil. Commodities: North American Council on Fishery Investigations. Educational, Scientific, Cultural: International Bureau of Education. International Bureau for Technical Education. International Geological Congresses. International Union of Biological Sciences. ,International Union of Physics. International Committee of Military Medicine and Pharmacy. International Hospital Association. Transport and Commnsiications: Pan American Highway Confederation. Pan American Railway Congress. 'A protocol providing for the merger of the International Office of public Health into the World Health Organization or its interim Commission has been submitted to member This organization is expected to be merged with the International Civil Aviation Organization in 1947.

Department of the Treasury Fifteenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW. EXecutive 6400, Branches 342, 345-47 OFFICIALS Secretary of the Treasury _____ _ ._-.... JOHN W. SNYDER Secretary to the Secretary ------------------ MARY KELLY Under Secretary of the Treasury ..- _ __.._.__._ A. L. M. WIGGINS Assistant to the Under Secretary -. __.____.. JOHN S. GRAHAM Assistant Secretary of the Treasury -...... _._.._ EDWARD H. FOLEY, Jr. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury . . __.. (VACANCY) Executive Assistant to Assistant Secretary. . B. E. L. TIMMONS, 3d General Counsel -............................. JOSEPH J. O'CONNELL, Jr. Fiscal Assistant Secretary of the Treasury........ EDWARD F. BARTELT Assistant to the Fiscal Assistant Secretary. WILLIAM T. HEFFELFINGER Technical Assistant to the Fiscal Assistant Secretary -........................... , EDWARD D. BATCHELDEB Executive Assistant to the Fiscal Assistant Secretary -............................ , FRANK F. DIETRICH Head, Fiscal Service Operating and Methods Staff ....--..-----..........-.....

,

...WALTER F.

FRESE

Special Assistant to the Secretary -------... ,.. ANDREW N. OVERBY Assistant to the Secretary -.. . ... .__- _ VERNON L. CLARK Assistant to the Secretary ------.. ______ ARTHUR GARDNER Administrative Assistant to the Secretary_...-- WILLIAM W. PARSONS Assistant Administrative Assistant to the Secretary -..........................-.. PAUL MCDONALD Director of Personnel ........._.__._.__.. THEODORE F. WILSON Budget Officer _-.._..._..__---......... WILLARD L. JOHNSON Chief Clerk ....._--. ___________.___..._ FRANK A. BIRGFELD Superintendent of Treasury BuildingsDENZIL A. RIGHT Chief Coordinator-___.__.- __- .____..MALACHIIL.HARNEY, Acting Chief, U. S. Secret Service---........--------- JAMES J. MALONEY Tax Legislative Counsel--............. - STANLEY S. SURREY Director, Foreign Funds Control-----......... JOHN S. RICHARDS Director of Public Relations--....-CHAS. P. SHAEFFER Director of Monetary Research..-----.. __._. HAROLD GLASSER Associate Director of Monetary Research..--..- OBvIs A. SCHMIDT Director of Research and Statistics----------... GEORGE C. HAAS Librarian -- __..-----._---. ISABELLA S. DIAMOND Director of Tax Research—-----------_.---__ Louis SHEER, Acting Legal Division: Assistant General Counsel--------------.-- JOHN P. WENCHEL Assistant General Counsel--.....----..NORMAN 0. TIETJENS Assistant General Counsel-----.....------- THOMAS J. LYNCH Assistant General Counsel------------------ CHARLES OLIPHANT Assistant General Counsel------------------ JOSEPH B. FRIEDMAN Assistant General Counsel----------...STEPHEN J. SPINQARN Bureau of the Public Debt: Commissioner of the Public Debt ---------EDWIN L. KILBY Associate Commissioner-------------------- DONALD M. MERRITT Deputy Commissioner——- -.__--------Ross A. HEFFELFINGEB Register of the Treasury—-------------EDWARD G. DOLAN Chief, Division of Loans and Currency------- MARVIN WESLEY Chief, Division of Public Debt Accounts and Audit----------------------------MELVIN R. LOAFMAN Chief, Division of Paper Custody—---------C. EARL GRANTHAM 'Organization chart on page 575.

115

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Bureau of Engraving and Printing: Director..------------------------------- ALVIN W. HALL R. LONG Associate Director--CLARK THOMAS F. SLATTERY -Assistant Director (Production) Bureau of Accounts: .MAXWELL R. Commissioner of Accounts ---------------L. CAKE Associate Commissioner-GILBERT GREENBERG Assistant Commissioner-JOSEPH GEORGE E. JONES Chief Accountant----------------------R. GEARHART Assistant to the Commissioner-H. Executive Assistant to the Commissioner----- EDMUND C. NSSEA Chief Disbursing Officer, Division of DisPAUL D. BANNING bursement-----Chief, Division of Bookkeeping and Warrants— JOsEPH A. WOODSON Chief, Division of Deposits---------------- BERNAD M. MULVIHILL Chief, Division of Financial Reports-LEONARD A. RITCHIE P. GERARDI Chief, Division of Investments-STEPHEN Bureau of the Comptroller of the Currency: DELANO B.------PRSTON Comptroller-C ------------------ C B. PHAM Deputy Comptroller. B. MCANDLSS -------Deputy ComptrollerDeputy Comptroller----------------------- J L. ROBETSON Office of the Treasurer of the United States: Treasurer of the United States------------- WILLIA A. JULIAN BANISTER Assistant Treasurer-MARION E. SLINDEE Assistant to the Treasurer-MICHAEL United States Savings Bonds Division: -------- VERNON L. CLARK National Director M. OLNEY Associate National Director-LAURENCE Lois CAOW Director of Information ----------Director of Payroll Savings Division--------- LEON J. MAKHAM B. MASTER Director of Special Field Activities-HAROLD Director of Administration--------------- BILL MDONALD Bureau of Narcotics: Commissioner of Narcotics ---------------

Deputy Commissioner------------------Bureau of Internal Revenue:

Commissioner of Internal Revenue--------Assistant Commissioner-----------------— ------Assistant Commissioner-

HARRY J. ANSLINGER

WILL S. WOOD JOSEPH D. NUNAN, JR. WILLIAM T. SHERWOOD STEWART BERKSHIRE

ELDON P. KING Special Deputy Commissioner ------------Assistant to the Commissioner—----------- T. C. ATKESON - D. SPENCER BLISS Deputy Commissioner—---Deputy Commissioner—------------------ PAUL A. HANKINS

Deputy Commissioner-------------------Deputy Commissioner ------------------Deputy Commissioner—-------------------Chairman, Excess Proflits Tax Council-----Head, Salary Stabilization Unit------------Head, Technical Staff----------------------

Chief, Intelligence Unit——Bureau of Customs:

——---------

E. I. McLARNRY

CARROLL E. MEALEY VICTOR H. SELF CHARLES D. HAMEL WILBER A. GALLAHAN AUBREY R. MARES

W. H. WOOLF

Commissioner of Customs----------------Assistant Commissioner--------------------

WILLIAM R. JOHNSON FRANK Dow

--------Associate Director-----------------------

MS. NELLIE TAYLOE Ross LELAND HOWARD

Director of the Mint-

Bureau of Federal Supply (formerly Procurement Division): ---------Director --Assistant Director-.Deputy Director---Deputy Director-C.---— Deputy Director--Deputy DirectorDeputy Director-W-----

-----------------------

CLIFTON E. MACK J. B. TOMPKINS PAUL KING C W. EICHELBERGEB S. A. SNYDER W. S. MACLEOD W. M. B. FREEMAN

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

117

United States Coast Guard:

Commandant.---------------.-..._..._._.. ADM. JOSEPH F. FARLEY Assistant Commandant-—-----_--_- ------- REAR ADMI. MERLIN O'NEILL

Chairman, Committee on Pratice---------------

JOHN L. GRAVES

CREATION AND Au-rorrIY ".-The Treasury Department was created by act of Congress approved September 2, 1789 (1 Stat. 65; 5 U. S. C. 241). Many subsequent acts have figured in the development of the Department, delegating new duties to its charge and establishing the numerous bureaus and divisions which now compose the Treasury. PURPOSE.-The original act established the Department to superintend and ma-nage the national finances. This act charged the Secretary of the Treasury with the preparation of plans for the improvement aind management of the revenue and the support of the public credit. It further provided that lie should prescribe the forms for keeping and rendering all manner of public accounts and for the making of returns. Hle was empowered to grant, subject to the limitations of the. amended act, all warrants for moneys to be issued from the_ Treasury pursuant to legal appropriations, and to furnish information, upon request, to either or both branches of Congress on any matter referred to him or pertaining to his office. The act further stated it to be the duty of the Secretary "generally to perform all such services relative to the finances as he shall be directed to perform" (y1Stat. 65; 5 U. S. C. 242). With the expansion of the country and its financial structure, frequent revisions and amendments to the act have so broadened the scope of the Treasury Department that it now embraces a score or more of diversified bureaus, divisions, and offices, and many new duties have been delegated to its charge. Besides managing the financial affairs of the Nation, the Department now controls the coinage and printing of money and the procurement of Federal supplies. The Coast Guard, the Narcotics Bureau, and the Secret Service have been placed under the supervision and jurisdiction of the Department. The Secretary of the Treasury is required by law to submit an annual report to Congress upon the condition of the finances, and to make public the first of each month the last preceding weekly stateinent of the Treasury (5 Stat. 696; 5 U. S. C. 271). The Secretary of the Treasury is Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Endowment Fund, of the American Red Cross; Chairman, Library of Congress Trust Fund Board; Chairman, National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems; Chairman, Contract Settlement Advisory Board; U. S. Governor of the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; and managing trustee, Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Postal Savings System, the Smithsonian Institution, the Foreign Service Buildings Commission, the National Archives Council, the National Park Trust Fund Board, the Board of Trustees of the National Gallery of Art, the ForeignTrade Zones Board, the National Munitions Control Board, the Board of Directors, Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation, the Advisory

118

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Board, Export-Import Bank of Washington, the Joint Committee on Reduction of Nonessential Federal Expenditures, and trustee of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. ORGANIZATION.-Affairs of the Treasury Department are generally supervised by the Secretary of the Treasury. He is assisted in the management and direction of the Department's numerous and varied branches by the Under Secretary of the Treasury, two Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury, the Fiscal Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, the General Counsel, and a staff of administrative, special, and technical assistants who supervise and correlate the activities of the different bureaus, offices, and divisions. Each bureau is under the general direction of a chief, who reports to the Secretary and his immediate assistants. The principal branches of the Department are as follows: Bureau of the Comptroller of the Currency Bureau of Customs Bureau of Engraving and Printing Bureau of Internal Revenue Bureau of the Mint Bureau of Narcotics Committee on Practice Division of Monetary Research Division of Personnel Division of Research and Statistics Division of Tax Research Legal Division Office of the Chief Clerk

Fiscal Service Office of the Fiscal Assistant Secretary Bureau of Accounts Bureau of the Public Debt Office of the Treasurer of the United States United States Savings Bonds Division Foreign Funds Control Office of Superintendent of Treasury Buildings Bureau of Federal Supply United States Secret Service United States Coast Guard Office of the Tax Legislative Counsel

ACTIVITIES Bureau of the Comptroller of the Currency The Bureau of the Comptroller of the Currency was created by act of Congress approved February 25, 1863 (12 Stat. 665). SUPERVISION

oF

NATIONAL BANKS.-The Comptroller has general

supervision over all national banks in operation, the organization of new national banks, the consolidation of national banks, or State with national, conversion of State banks into national, the granting of rights to operate branches by national banks, and the administration, through receivers, of any that fail. He also receives reports from banks in voluntary liquidation and from trustees holding assets for the benefit of depositors of banks reorganized under section 207 of the Bank Conservation Act, March 9, 1933 (48 Stat. 2; 12 U. S. C. 201). He requires national banks to submit reports of condition at least three times a year. The Comptroller also supervises all banks and trust companies, building and loan associations not chartered under the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, as amended, and credit unions not chartered under the Federal Credit Unions Act, doing business in the District of Columbia. The Comptroller, in accordance with present status, is responsible for the preparation of an annual report to Congress on the status of national banks.

DEPARTMENT OF THE T

REASURY

119

APPOINTMENT OF RECEIVERS AND FORFEITURE OF CHARTER.-He is empowered to appoint a receiver for any national bank which he finds insolvent, and may bring suit for forfeiture of charter against any national bank for deliberate violations of the national banking laws. APPOINTMENT OF CONSERVATORs.-The Comptroller may appoint conservators to administer the affairs of national banks pending reorganization or ultimate receivership, and is required to approve reorganization plans for such banks if nonassenting creditors or stockholders are to be found. EXAMINATION oF NATIONAL BANKS.-The Comptroller's office maintains a staff of examiners who make regular examinations of all national banks, reporting on the condition of solvency and state of compliance with the provisions of law with respect to such banks. ISSTUE OF BOND-SECURED NATIONAL BANK NoTEs.-Until August 1, 1935, the Comptroller had charge of the issue and redemption of national bank notes secured by United States bonds. The expiration of the 3-year privilege provided by section 29 of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act of July 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 740), and redemption of the consols and Panama Canal 2-percent bonds on July 1 and August 1, 1935, respectively, resulted in the discontinuance of circulation by national banks after the last-named date. The Comptroller still is charged with the responsibility for issue and redemp-tion of Federal Reserve notes and Federal Reserve Bank notes. FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSJURANCE CORPORATION.-The Comptroller of the Currency is an ex-officio member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Bureau of Customs The Bureau of Customs was created by the act approved March 3, 1927 (44 Stat. 1381; 5 U. S. C. 281). GENERAL DUTIES.-The Bureau of Customs, under the Commissioner, administers the powers and duties vested in the Secretary of the Treasury pertaining to the importation and entry of merchandise into and the exportation of merchandise from the United States, and to the regulation of certain marine activities. COLLECTION OF DUTIES AND LAW ENFORCEMENT.-The Bureau's prin-

cipal -function is the assessment and collection of import duties and, incident to this, the prevention of smuggling, including the smuggling of contraband, such as narcotics. The Bureau cooperates with other Government aoencies in enforcing the preventive, sanitary, and other laws relating to articles brought into the United States, and in some cases to outgoing articles. It maintains a service which investigates smuggling activities, compliance with the customs and navigation laws, and such administrative matters as may require investigation. MARINE ACTIVITIEs.-The Bureau handles the registry, enrollment, and licensing of vessels; admeasurement of vessels; collection of tonnage taxes; entrance and clearance of vessels and aircraft; regulation

of vessels in the coasting and fishing trades; use. of foreign vessels in the territorial waters of the United States; recording of mortgages

and sales of vessels; protection of steerage passengers; and the remis-

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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

MANUAL

sion and mitigation of fines, penalties, and forfeitures incurred under the laws governing these matters. OTHER ACTIVITIES.-In connection with the export control program, the Bureau of Customs is charged with inspection of all export declarations and permits presented as a prerequisite to-export in order to insure compliance with the licensing provisions of the State Department, the Bureau of Narcotics, the Office of International Trade of the Department of Commerce, and other agencies of the Government to prevent the exportation of controlled materials of every description except under proper license or permit. When deemed necessary, an actual examination of exported articles is made by customs officers to insure compliance with export control requirements. On the request of the Office of International Trade, Department of Commerce, the customs investigative unit conducts field investigations of individuals. firms, and corporations conducting business relating to exports of merchandise from the United States, of violations of the Export Control Act, and of suspected irregular exports. The Bureau examines, on behalf of the State Department, passports of American citizens departing from the United States at seaports and airports for certain countries. By direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, the Bureau of Customs cooperates with the Foreign Funds Control of the Department by maintaining physical control of persons and their effects entering and leaving the United States to insure that no securities are' taken out of or brought into the United States except in such amounts or values as may be authorized by the Secretary of the Treasury. The persons and baggage of suspects entering the United States are searched to prevent the bringing of gold into this country in violation of the Gold Reserve Act of January 30, 1934 (48 Stat. 337; U. S. C. titles 12 and 31). The Bureau of Customs enforces the rationing orders issued by the Office of Price Administration insofar as such orders apply (1) to supplies and stores for vessels entering United States ports, (2) to persons entering the United States, and (3) to merchandise imported into the United States. It assists the Civilian Production Administration 1in the enforcement of its orders relating to the importation of strategic materials. It also cooperates with the Department of Agriculture in connection with restrictions on the importation of certain foods. DISTRICT OFFICES-BUREAU OF CUSTOMS District

Collector

Address

U. S. Customhouse, 312 Fore Street, Portland 3, go. 1. Maine, New Hamp- Joseph T. Sylvester -Maine. shire. - James E. Manahan--.. Corner South Main and Stebbins Streets, St. No. 2. Vermont -....-Albans. William R. Burke, Jr__ I. S. Customhouse, 2 India Street, Boston 9. No. 4. Massachusetts No. 5. Rhode Island -- —--Louis T. Rocheleaun-U-- U. S: Customhouse, Weybosset Street, Providence 3. Mrs. Fannie D. Welch_. P. 0. Building, 120 Middle Street, Bridgeport 9. No. 6. Connecticut Leo E. Trombly--R-— Hall Building, 127 North Water Street, OgdensNo. 7. St. Lawrence burg, N. Y. I Now Office of Materials Distribution, Department of Commerce.

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

121

DISTRICT OFFICES-BUREAU OF CUSTOMS-Continued District No. S. Rochester -

Collector ....... Austin J. Mahoney---.

Address

Federal Building, 30 Church Street, Rochester 14 N.Y. No.. Bufalo-............Ross E. Brown ......... P.O. Building, 115 Ellicott Street,; Buffalo N.Y. No. 10. New York -........... Harry M. Durning -.... U. S. Customhouse, Bowling Green, New York City 4. . No. 11. Philadelphia----A. Raymond Rafi .- U. S. Customhouse, Second and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia 6, Pa. No. 12. Pittsburgh ----...Mrs. Elaine Beadling_ New Federal Building, Seventh Avenue and Grant Streeti Pittsburgh 19, Pa. No. 13. Maryland -George T. Cromwell--U. S. Customhouse, Gay, Lombard, and Water Streets, Baltimore 2. No. 14. Virginia .- ... Alexander H. Bell-——U. S. Customhouse, Main and Granby Streets, Norfolk 10 No. 15. North CarolinaJohn Bright Hill-—— U. S. Customhouse, Water Street, Wilmington. No. 16. South Carolina William J. Storen U. S. Customhouse, 200-6 East Bay Street, Charleston 3. No. 17. Georgia....... Howell Cone ---....... U. S. Customhouse, Bay and Bull Streets, Savannah. No. 18. Florida— --. - Allie J. Angle ... . S. Customhouse, Florida Avenue, between Zach and Twigg Streets, Tampa 1. N\o. 1. Mobile---.———. Joseph H. Lyons .- . Courthouse and Customhouse, 113 St. Joseph Street, Mobile 4, Ala. No. 20. New Orleans .-—. A. Miles Pratt .U. S. Customhouse, 423 Cana! Street, New Orleans 16, La. No.21.Sabine --------- Victor Russell .... UU. S. Customhouse, 501 Fifth Street, Port Arthur, Tex. No. 22. Galveston---P--— Fred C. Pabst -401 Post Office, Customhouse and Courthouse Building, Seventeenth and Strand Streets, Galveston, Tex. No. 23. Laredo -H-—-- Harry P. Hornby.-------218 Federal Building, Laredo, Tex. No. 24. El Paso------—- Harris Walthall------ 108 U. S. Courthouse, El Paso, Tex. No. 25. San DiegoRobert E. Noonan --- 325 West F Street, San Diego 1, Calif. No. 26. Arizona------- Craig Pottinger-- P. 0. Building, Nogales. No. 27. Los Angeles —-- -Witliam Jennings H. W. Hellman Building, 354 South Spring Bryan, Jr. Street, Los Angeles 13, Calif. No. 28. San Francisco---— Paul R. Leake U—U. S. Customhouse, Washington and Battery Streets, San Francisco 26, Calif. No. 29. Oregon.-----——— Mrs. NanWoodHoney- Federal Building, 220 Northwest Eighth Place, man. Portland 9. No. 30. Washington -— Howard H. McGowan.- Federal Building, First Avenue and Madison Street, Seattle 4. No. 31. Alaska--- --- James S. ConnorsFederal and Territorial Building, Fourth and Main Streets, Juneau. No. 32. Hawaii-—-— Robert L. Shivers-—.- U. S. Customhouse, King and Richard Streets, Honolulu 6. No. 33. Montana, Idaho --- William H. Bartley- .. Post Office and Courthouse. 215 First Street, North, Great Falls, Mont. No. 34. Dakota—- ——- John O'Keefe —--U-U. S. Federal Building, Stutsman and Cavalier Streets, Pembina, N. Dak. No. 35. Minnesota---------- Mrs. Viena P. Johnson-_ 218 U. S. Courthouse, Marquette Avenue and Third Street, Minneapolis 1. No. 36. Duluth and Supe- Mrs. Clara E. Sarvella- 205 Federal Building, Duluth, Minn. rior. No. 37. Wisconsin —- — Henry V. Sohwalbach --- Federal Building, 317 East Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee 2. No. 38. Michigan---.——.Martin R. Bradley --100 W. Lamed Street, Detroit 26. No. 39. Chicago—--- Joseph A. Ziemba — U. S. Customhouse, 610 South Canal Street, Chicago 7, Dl. No. 40. Indiana.----.. Alden H. Baker 115 N. Pennsylvania Street, Indianapolis 4. No. 41. Ohio--——...——..a Mrs. Bernice Pyke -- —-244Federal Building, Cleveland 14.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

122

DISTRICT OFFICES-BUREAU OF CUSTOMS-Continued

No. 42. Kentucky

Address

Collector

District

_------— Harry M. Brennan.--

~ville ~~~,_~~~~~~~~~-

No. 43. Tennessee -

Abe D. Waldauer-

No. 45. St. Louis -

James R. Wade

No. 47. Colorado -B.-----

HIarry A. Zinnl-.

.----

.- Jean S. Whitte.—. Mrs. more. Carl L. Root.-----No. 51. Virgin Islands.- _No. 49. Puerto Rico -

Fincastle Building, Third and Broadway, Louis. 2. 249 Post Office Building, Front Street at Madison Avenue, Memphis 3. 514 New Federal Building, Twelfth Boulevard and Market Street, St. Louis 1, Mo. U. ... S. Customhouse, Nineteenth and Stout Streets, Denver 2. U. S. Customhouse, Deposito Street, La Marina. San Juan 9. Post Office and Customhouse, Norre Gade and King's Wharf, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas.

Bureau of Engraving and Printing The Bureau of Engraving and Printing, under the Director, designs, engraves, and prints for the Federal Government, Federal Reserve Board, and Government-owned corporations, all currency, bonds, notes, certificates; checks; revenue, customs, war savings, and postage stamps; military certificates; and other forms of engraved documents. It performs a similar function for the insular possessions. Bureau of Internal Revenue The Office of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, commonly referred to as the Bureau of Internal Revenue, was created by the act of July 1, 1862 (12 Stat. 432; 26 U. S. C. 1).

GENERAL ADMINISTRATION OF INTERNAL REVENUE LAws.-The Bu-

reau of Internal Revenue, under the direction of the Commissioner, has general supervision over the determination, assessment, and collection of all internal revenue taxes. It is charged with the enforcement of the internal revenue laws, and prepares and distributes the forms and instructions for the filing of tax returns. INCOME AND PROFITS TAXES.-The Income Tax Unit administers the income and profits tax provisions of the internal revenue laws, preparing regulations in this regard, receiving, auditing, and verifying the returns, and reviewing and disposing of claims for refund. EXCESS PROFITS RELIEF.-The Excess Profits Tax Council administers all claims for relief from excess profits tax under section 722 of the Internal Revenue Code. ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND INDUSTRIAL ALCOHOL.-The Alcohol Tax Unit is charged with the administration of the laws relating to the manufacture, warehousing, and distribution of spirituous liquors, wines, fermented liquors, and industrial alcohol; the determination, assertion, and assessment of taxes and penalties on liquors; the inquiry and investigation relative to the filing of returns for occupational and commodity taxes; the regulation of the manufacture and use of liquor bottles and the chemical analysis of liquors and numerous other products to determine their taxable status. It administers the provisions of the Federal Alcohol Administration Act of -August 29, 1935 (49

123

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Stat. 977; 27 U. S. C. 201-11), relating to the regulation of interstate and foreign commerce in distilled spirits, wines, and malt beverages and the labeling and advertising thereof. It is also charged with the investigation, detection and prevention of willful and fraudulent violations of internal revenue laws relating to liquors. EMIPLOYMENT TAXES.-The Employment Tax Unit administers the taxes imposed by the Federal Insurance Contributions Act, the Federal Unemployment Tax Act, and the Railroad Retirement Act. OTHER INTERNAL REVENUE TAXES.-The Miscellaneous Tax Unit administers the internal revenue laws as they apply to other than alcohol, employment, and income and profits taxes, preparing regulations in connection therewith, receiving, auditing, and verifying the returns, and reviewing and disposing of claims for refund and abatement. SALARY STABILIZATION.-The Bureau is responsible for the judging and closing of all cases of alleged violation of the Wage and Salary Stabilization laws and regulations formerly administered both by this unit and also the National Wage Stabilization Board. Except for the processing of prior violations, all wartime wage and salary controls were terminated by Executive Order 9801 of November 9, 1946. SUPERVISION OF COLLECTORS AND FIELD FORCES.-The Accounts and Collections Unit is charged with the administration of matters having to do with the organization and management of the offices of collectors of internal revenue, including their field forces, and with the administrative audit of revenue and disbursing accounts of the Internal Revenue Service. It also issues stamps to collectors of internal revenue. FIELD SERVICE.-The four main divisions of the Field Service are the Field Collection Service, the Field Audit Service, the Supervisory Field Service of the Alcohol Tax Unit, and Field Divisions of the Technical Staff. In addition, the Bureau maintains a staff of intelligence agents, supervisors of accounts and collections, miscellaneous and sales-tax agents, and salary stabilization officers. Representatives of the General Counsel's Office are assigned to field stations as counsel for the various field services. COLLECTION DISTRICTS-BUREAU OF INTERNAL REVENUE District

Collector's Office

Collector

Henry J. Willingham ---_ Birmingham 3..ALABAMA ------ —------—----—-ALASKA (part of Washington District)- -------William P. Stuart -Phoenix-------.__ ARIZONA ----------------------——--- Horace E. Thompson Little Rock -----ARKANSAS ---------------------James G. Smyth - San Francisco I -l--.CALIFORNIA (1st District) -— Los Angeles 53 (P.O. Box 391)_ Harry C. Westover CALIFORNIA (6th District) ---Ralph Nicholas —-- Denver 2----—————---COLORADO -------Frank W. Kraemer ------Hartford 1.----------------------CONNECTICUT Collision Wilmington 99-Norman .-----------------------DELAWARE ----DISTRICT OF COLUTMBIA (Part of Mary- . land District). John L. Fahs Jacksonville 1 ..FLORIDA ----------------------------Marion H. Allen —-Atlanta 3---—-—GEORGIA -.----.----—-—----Henry Robinson Honolulu 3 .....-HAWAII -... Boise---------—-—--- -- John R. Viley ------------------IDABO .-..---------D. Campbell — Chicago 90 -Nigel ILLINOIS (1st District) ------738486° 47--9

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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL COLLECTION DISTRICTS-BUREAU OF INTERNAL REVENUE-Continued District

Collector's Office

Collector

Vincent Y. Dallman li.lNois (8th District) -- - - - Springfield -.— — F. Shirley Wilcox Indianapolis 6-— -.....INDIANA------------- -— - Edward H. Birmingham Des Moines 8 .-—— —--IOWA———————.— Lynn R. Brodrick — Wichita 1-———— ——-————-KANSAS— Seldon R. Glenn - Louisville 1 _-—— —--—-KENTUCKY--——-------------------Charles A. Donnelly New Orleans 16LOUISIANA_-_---- Clinton A. Clauson Augusta -------------MAINE------- — George Hofferbert —————————— Baltimore 2_.MARYLANDDennis W. Delaney — 9 Boston 8----— MASSACtUSETTS --------------------Giles Kavanagh - Detroit 31 MICHioAN---------------------— ElmerF. Kelm —_—St. Paul 1 ..............---MINNESOTA.-: ---Eugene Fly -.---- Jackson 109 --. .. Mississ ippi-------------— - St. Louis I (P. 0. Box 1740)- James P. Finnegan MisSouaI (1st District) -— ___ —- Dan M. Nee Kansas City 6-------MiSSOUsI (6th Distrisct) -_ __- __ Lewis Penwell ------ ————-_ MONTANA —-H--------— ---- — Helena George WV.O'Malley Omaha 2.-—————_ NEBAKAxA-—————————— Renon- ———————— Robert L. Douglass NEVADA--B-------Peter M. Gagne - _--—-- —--- Portsmouth -NEW HAMPSHIRE.- — ————— Harry L. Maloney NEW JERSEY (Ist District) -_ -_- -- Camden John E. Manning —--Newark 2 NEW JESEY (5th District) -—---Albuquerque---------------- Steven P. Vidal NEW MEXICO —-—----------------— Street, Joseph P. Marcelle Livingston 210 —-NEW YORE (Ist District) -Brooklyn 2. ——-- Customhouse, New York 4-- William I. Pedrick NEW YORK (2d District) -110 E. Forty-fifth etreet, James W.. Johnson NEW YoRK (3d District) -- —-New York 17. Harry M. Hickey —-------.-Albany 1 —NEW YOK.(14th District) J. Shaugisnessy - Syracuse 1-Frank -NEW YORK (21st District)NEW YORK (28th District)---—-—- Buffalo 1 (P. 0. Box 60, Ni- George T. McGowan agara Sq. Sta.) —-- Charles H. Robertson Greensboro-----NOETH CAROLINAG—————— —-—- - Hector H. Perry ------NORTH DAKOTA--Fargo Cincinnati I (P. 0. Box 1818). Thomas A. Gallagher OBIO (1st District)--——————— —- John J. Quinlivan I -———-OHIO (10th District) -Toledo Harry F. Busey - 16 OHIO (11th District)-Columbus16 (P. 0. Box Thomas M. Carey OHIO (18th District)-Cleveland5879) OKLAHOMA-——————————— —OREGON-PENNSYLVANIA (lst District)------PENNSYLVANIA (12th District) PENNSYLVANIA (23d District)-———

Oklahoma City I (P. 0. Box 1318) Portland 9 (P. 0. Box 1341)—--Philadelphia 7---

Henry Clifford Jones

----— --Scranton 14Pittsburgh 30 (P. 0. Box

Joseph T. McDonald Stanley Grangi-r

James W.Maloney Francis R. Smith

2008) 2 (P.O.Boxl6)Columbia 3-— ------Aberdeen (P. 0. Box 370) Nashville 3--------.--Austin 8 (P. 0. Box 1150)-.I (P. 0. Box 119) — Salt Lake City 1 (P. 0. Box 1288) --- Burlington --------— VERMONT----- Richmond 17------------- VmGiNiA -Tacoma 2 (P. 0. Box 1619)-WASIUNGTON---- Parkcrsburg -F---.. WEST VnSGINiA -—- -- Milwaukee 1---WISCONSIN-I---——----eyenne-----------WYOMINao-Ch------

RHODE ISLAND--Providence --SOUTH CAROLINASOUTH DAKOTA-————————— TENNESSEE--———————- TEXAS (1st District) TEXAS (2d District) -Dallas ----UTAH-----

Farrell D. Coyle William P. Bowers Thomas C. Rasper Lipe Henslce Frank Scofield Herbert E. Arnold, Acting William J. Korth Sam E. Richardson Nathaniel B. Early, Jr. Clarke Squire F. Roy Yoke FrankSJ. Kuhl Frank G. Clark

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Bureau of the Mint The Mint of the United States was established by act of Congress April 2, 1792 (I Stat. 246). The Bureau of the Mint was established by act of Congress February 12, 1873 (17 Stat. 424; 31 U. S. C. 251-73). SUPERVISION or MINTS, ASSAY OFFICES, AND DEPOSITORIES.-The Bureau of the Mint, in -Washington, under the Director, has general supervision of tlhe United States mints, assay offices, and depositories. It directs the coinage of money, domestic and foreign; the striking of medals for the armed services and others; and supervises all activities of the seven mint institutions in the field, receiving, assaying, paying for, storing, and safeguarding the Nation's gold and silver stocks. The Bureau, subject to' the approval of the Secretary, prescribes the rules for the transaction of business at the mints, assay offices, and depositories, receiving daily reports of their operations; reviews the accounts, authorizes the expenditures, and superintends the annual settlements for these institutions, making special examination of them when necessary. MINT RECORDS AND PUBLICATIONS.-The Bureau of the Mint publishes a quarterly statement of the values of foreign moneys for customhouse use and other public purposes, and reports annually to the Secretary on mint operations for the fiscal year. The annual report includes estimates of domestic and foreign production of gold and silver, also monetary statistics pertaining to the United States and to most of the countries of the world. FIELD INSTITUTIONS-BUREAU OF THE MINT

Address United States United States United States United States United States United States Ky. United States N. Y.

Officer in Charge

Mint, Philadelphia 30, Pa-——---Edwin Dresset, Superintendent Mint, Denver 2, Colo----------..---Moses Smith, Superintendent Mint, San Francisco 2, Calif----Neal H. Callaghan, Superintendent Assay Office, New York 5, N. Y-------- Sigmund Solomon, Superintendent Assay Office, Seattle 4. Wash-—-------- George Swarva, Assayer in Charge Bullion Depository (Gold), Fort Knox, Russell Van Horne, Chief Clerk in Charge Bullion Depository (Silver), West Point,

Sigmund Solomon, Superintendent. U. S. Assay Office, New York, N. Y.

Bureau of Narcotics The act of June 14, 1930 (46 Stat. 585; 5 U. S. C. 282-82a), created in the Treasury Department a bureau known as the Bureau of Narcotics, the law providing that the Commissioner of Narcotics shall be in charge thereof and perform such duties in respect to its activities as are prescribed by the Secretary or required by law. ADMINISTRATION OF NARCOTIC LAWS.-The Bureau of Narcotics, under the Commissioner, supervises the administration of those sections of the Internal Revenue Code relating to narcotic drugs and

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marihuana, the Opium Poppy Control Act of 1942, and related statutes, including the administration of the permissive features of the Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act. It cooperates with the Bureau of Customs in enforcing prohibitive features of the latter act. ENFORCEMENT, AND ISSUANCE OF NARCOTIC IMPORT AND EXPORT PERinvestigation, detection, and prevention with the investigai MITS.-It charged with ITS,---It is charged

of violations of the Federal narcotic and marihuana laws, and of the Opium Poppy Control Act of 1942. It issues. permits to import the crude narcotic drugs and to export drugs and preparations manufactured therefrom under the law and regulations, and determines the quantities of drugs to be manufactured in the United States for medical purposes. The Bureau also has the authority to issue licenses for production of poppies and for the manufacture of opium products therefrom, under the Opium Poppy Control Act of 1942, whenever such production and manufacture become necessary to supply medical and scientific needs for opium products. DETERMINATION OF NARCOTIC IMPORT QUOTAS.-In cooperation with

the Public Health Service, the Bureau of Narcotics determines the quantities of crude opium and coca leaves to be imported into the United States for medical and other legitimate uses. COOPERATION WITH STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES.-It cooperates

with the Department of State in the discharge of the international obligations of the United States concerning the traffic in narcotic drugs and with the several States in the suppression of the abuse of narcotic drugs and marihuana in their respective jurisdictions. DISTRICT OFFICES-BUREAU OF NARCOTICS District

Address

Supervisor

No. 1. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut. No. 2. New York State and the Fifth internal Revenue Collection District of New Jersey. No. 3. Delaware, New Jersey (except the Fifth Internal Revenue District),

Pliny A. Williams------ 1120 Post Office Building, Boston 9, Mass.

No. S. District of Columbia, Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia,

Boyd M. Martin

No. 6. Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina. No. 7. Kentucky, Tennessee, Lonisiana, Mississippi. No. 8. Michigan, Ohio--———— No. 9. Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin --.-

Thomas W. McGeever-

Garland H. Williams.--—- Suit 605, 90 Church Street, New York 7, N. Y. Joseph M. Bransky---

George W. Cunningham

619 Stephen Girard Building, Philadel. phia 7, Pa.. 314 Post Office Building, Baltimore 2, Md. 601 Ten Forsyth Street Building, Atlanta 3, Ga. 418 Federal Building, Louisville 1, Ky.

George H. White---— 802 Federal Building, Detroit 26, Mich. Joseph Bell-------- 817 U. S. Post Office Building, Chicago 7, Ill. No. 10. Texas, Arizona, New Mexico—--- Terry A. Talent---—-- 205 U. S. Courthouse Building, El Paso, Tex. No. 11. Arkansas Kansas, Missouri, Theodore J. Walker—- 743 U. S. Courthouse Building, Kansas City 6, MO. Oklahoma. 314 U. S. Courthouse Building, MinneNo. 12. Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Anker M. Bangsapolis 1, Minr. North Dakota, South Dakota. 100 Customhouse, Denver 2, Colo. No. 13. Colorado, Utah, Wyoming—.- James J. Biggins..-.-

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DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DISTRICT OFFICES-BUREAU OF NARCOTICS-Continued District

Supervisor

No. 14. California, Nevada ---

.- Robert W. Artis--- --

No. 15. Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washin gton, Territory of Alaska. No. 16. Territory of Hawaii ..-.......

Allyn B. Crisler-...... William K. Wells. Acting.

Address Room 2104, 100 McAllister Street, San Francisco 2, Calif. 311U.S. Courthouse Building, Seattle4, Wash. 575 Alexander Young Building, Honolulu 1, T. B.

Committee on Practice The Committee on Practice (formerly the Committee on Enrollment and Disbarment) receives and acts upon applications of attorneys and agents for admission to practice before the Treasury Department, receives and acts upon applications for re-enrollment from attorneys and agents who have been disbarred, conducts hearings, makes inquiries, makes recommendations to the Secretary of the Treasury, and performs other duties prescribed by Department Circular 230, revised April 1, 1947. The Committee on Practice receives and acts upon applications of individuals, corporations, associations, and partnerships for customhouse brokers' licenses, issues customhouse brokers' licenses, makes recommendations to the Secretary of the Treasury, and performs other duties as prescribed by Department Circular 559, revised May 1, 1947. Division of Monetary Research The Division of Monetary Research was established in the Office of the Secretary, effective March 25, 1938, by Treasury Department Order 18, dated March 25, 1938.The Division provides information, economic analyses, and recommendations for the use of the Secretary of the Treasury and other Treasury officials to assist in the formulation and execution of the policies of the Department in connection with the Stabilization Fund, other operations under the Gold Reserve Act, the Silver Purchase Act, and the Bretton Woods Agreements Act. Analyses are made pertaining to gold and silver, the flow of capital funds into and out of the United States, the position of the dollar in relation to foreign currencies, monetary, banking, and fiscal policies of foreign countries, exchange and trade restrictions abroad, and similar problems. Analyses are also prepared relating to the customs activities of the Department and to the duties of the Secretary of the Treasury under the Tariff Act and on other matters pertaining to international trade, including the trade agreement program. The Division also is responsible for the economic and financial work in connection with the negotiation of exchange stabilization and financial agreements made by the United States with foreign governments and central banks. The Treasury's operations under exchange

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stabilization agreements and other gold transactions with foreign governments and central banks are performed by the Stabilization Fund, which is administered by the Division. Division of Personnel The Division of Personnel was established July 1, 1940, following its organization pursuant to section 6 of Executive Order 7916 of June 24, 1938. The Division of Personnel, under the supervision of the Director of Personnel, is charged with administering the personnel program of the Department, including appointment, recruitment, placement, training, transfer, promotion, separation, efficiency ratings, safety, health, discipline, grievances, working conditions of employees, other employer-employee relations, and classification of positions.

Division of Research and Statistics The Division of Research and Statistics was established in the Office of the Secretary, effective September 17, 1934, by Treasury Department Order 8, dated September 17, 1934. It superseded the Section of Financial and Economic Research in the Office of the Secretary. FISCAL RESEARcH.-The Division serves as a technical staff for the Secretary and other policy-forming officials on matters relating to the economic aspects of fiscal operations and policies, particularly as they concern the management of the public debt. Estimates of tax and customs revenues are prepared for use in the planning of Treasury financing operations, in budget messages and summaries, and in connection with proposed revenue legislation. STATISTICS.-The Director of Research and Statistics has direct anthority over and responsibility for the production, analysis, and publication of statistics, and the conduct of economic research in all branches of the Treasury Department except as these responsibilities are specifically delegated to the Divisions of Monetary Research and Tax Research. GOVEREK•MENT ACTTUARY.-The Government Actuary, who is an Assistant Director of Research and Statistics, serves as Treasury consultant on actuarial problems in connection with pension and trust funds and other matters involved in the Department's operations, and on problems of investment mathematics involved in financing. He advises on existing and proposed retirement legislation, and is a member of the Federal Board of Actuaries and of the Actuarial Advisory Committee of the Railroad Retirement Board.

Division of Tax Research The Division of Tax Research was established in the Office of the Secretary, effective June 1, 1938, by Treasury Department Order 18, dated March 25, 1938. The Division of Tax Research assembles the facts and prepares the economic, statistical, and technical analyses needed (a) to aid the

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Secretary, the Under Secretary, and other Treasury officials in the formulation of Treasury tax policy, (b) to aid the Ways and Means Committee of the House of Representatives, the Finance Committee of the Senate, and the Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation in their consideration of tax proposals and legislation, and (c) to provide information on various tax matters, as requested, to the President, members of Congress, various Government officials, and the public. To carry out its functions, the Division is required to make basic surveys of the tax problems of the Federal Government, to devise alternative methods of meeting revenue requirements, and to develop methods of adjusting the tax system to changing economic conditions. The tax system as a whole is analyzed with a view to obtaining revenue yields large enough to meet prospective revenue requirements and to making adjustments in a manner which will be fair to taxpayers and will avoid undesirable economic effects. Individual taxes are studied (1) to determine their effects on the particular groups of taxpayers involved, (2) to avoid inequity among taxpayers within a given group, (3) to ascertain and develop methods of meeting the administrative and compliance problems of the tax, and (4) to devise ways of integrating the particular tax with the tax system as a whole. These studies require economic analyses of the effects of each tax; technical analyses of the more complicated problems inherent in. various tax measures; and statistical analyses of the distribution of the burden of specific taxes, of the total Federal tax load, and of the combined Federal, State, and local burden. The interrelationships of Federal, State, and local taxes are studied with a view to possible improvements in intergovernmental fiscal relations. Specific State and local taxes are also examined not only to determine the combined effect of such taxes and Federal taxes but also to assure the Federal Government of the benefit of State and local tax experience. Likewise, to gain the benefit of foreign experience and to compare tax policies, studies are made of foreign tax systems and selected taxes in foreign countries. The Director and members of the Division assist in the presentation of the Treasury's tax program to the congressional committees, and are frequently called upon for technical assistance to those committees. The Division is responsible for the economic aspect of tax relations between the United States and foreign nations, participates in the negotiation of treaties for the avoidance of international double taxation, and handles the economic tax aspects of the participation of the United States in the new international organizations. Members of the Division also participate in conferences with taxpayers who desire to call special problems to the attention of the Treasury Department. The Division is also charged with general responsibility respecting the assembly and publication of statistics pertaining to Federal taxation. In this connection, it exercises general supervision over the statistical work of the Income Tax Unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue. Correspondence relating to matters of taxation not involving legal questions is handled by the Division.

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Legal Division By section 512 of the Revenue Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 758; 5 U. S. C. 248a; 26 U. S. C. 3930-31), there was created the office of General Counsel for the Department of the Treasury, the law providing that the General Counsel should be the chief law officer of the Department and perform such duties in respect to its legal activities as are prescribed by the Secretary or required by law. By order dated June 20, 1934, the Secretary prescribed the duties of the General Counsel and established the Legal Division, Department of the Treasury. The Legal Division was placed under the direct supervision and control of the General Counsel. Section 512 of the Revenue Act, 1934, also abolished the offices of General Counsel and of Assistant General Counsel for the Bureau of Internal Revenue and of the Solicitor and Assistant Solicitor of the Treasury, and transferred the powers, duties, and functions formerly exercised by those officers to the General Counsel for the Department of the Treasury. The General Counsel is responsible for and in charge of all legal activities of the Treasury Department, including all legislation pertaining to the affairs of the Department, and the drafting of bills, Executive orders, and proclamations; renders formal legal opinions for the information and guidance of administrative officers of the Department; prepares or reviews material for publication, official regulations, Treasury Decisions, and other rulings and orders concerning laws administered by the Department, and cooperates with the Department of Justice with respect to litigation in which the Treasury Department has an interest. The General Counsel also advises the Secretary with reference to action to be taken upon petitions for the remission or mitigation of fines, penalties, and forfeitures. In addition, certain duties are imposed upon the General Counsel by statute, relative to sureties on certain official bonds; certification of copies of official records; offers in compromise of claims in favor of the United States (except those arising under the postal laws) which have not been referred to the Department of Justice for prosecution in the courts; and lands and other property acquired, and trusts created for the use of the United States in payment of debts to the United States (with the exception of those arising under the internal revenue laws).

Office of Chief Clerk The Office of the Chief Clerk was created by the act of April 20, 1818 (3 Stat. 445). The Chief Clerk is appointed by the Secretary, to whom he is responsible through the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary. He serves as consultant and adviser to the Administrative Assistant on questions of administrative management having department-wide application. The Chief Clerk has custody of the Treasury Seal, and certifies copies of official documents. He is responsible for the maintenance of central records and the preparation of pay rolls for numerous units of the Department, and, with the exception of a few instances, has custody

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of the noncurrent files of the departmental service. He is accountable for all ordnance issued pursuant to the act approved March 3, 1879 (20 Stat. 412; 50 U. S. C. 61) to the Treasury (including its field services) by the Secretary of War for the protection of the public money and property. The Chief Clerk is responsible, in connection with the appropriation, "Miscellaneous Expenses, Treasury Department," for the proper allocation of expenditures chargeable to such appropriation and keeping related records; for the allocation, within the Department, of property declared by the respective bureaus, divisions, and offices to be surplus to their needs; and for the disposal of property which is surplus to the needs of the Department. The Chief Clerk is charged with the enforcement of departmental regulations. He is in charge of the central administrative services, mail, special messengers, du)rekeeper, mail, such as telephone, telegraph, storekeeper, plicating, and translating. The information and receptionist unit in the Main Treasury Building and the issuance of passes and permits to Treasury officials and employees are also under his supervision.

Fiscal Service The Fiscal Service'of the Treasury Department was created by the President's Reorganization Plan III, dated April 2, 1940, under the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1939 (53 Stat. 561-566; 5 U. S. C. 133-133r). This plan was made effective June 30, 1940, by joint resolution approved June 4, 1940 (54 Stat. 231; 5 U. S. C. 133u). The Fiscal Service consists of the Office of the Fiscal Assistant Secretary, the Bureau of Accounts, formerly the Office of the Commissioner of Accounts and Deposits (including the Division of Bookkeeping and Warrants, the Division of Disbursement, the Division of Deposits, and the Section of Surety Bonds), the Bureau of the Public Debt, formerly the Office of the Commissioner of the Public Debt (including the Division of Loans and Currency, the Office of the Register of the Treasury, the Division of Public Debt Accounts and Audit, the Division of Paper Custody, and the Division of Savings Bonds), and the Office of the Treasurer of the United States. OFFICE OF THE FISCAL ASSISTANT SECRETARY

The Fiscal Assistant Secretary, under the direction of the Secretary, performs all functions pertaining to (1) the administration of financing operations; (2) the supervision of the administration of the functions and activities of the units grouped under the Fiscal Service, (3) supervision of the administration of accounting functions and activities in the Treasury Department and all its bureaus and offices, through the Commissioner of Accounts. It is the duty of the Fiscal Assistant Secretary to maintain contacts with departments, boards, corporations, and other branches of the Government with respect to their financial operations and to coordinate such operations with those of the Treasury. He represents the Secretary in such contacts in a liaison capacity, keeping the Secretary fully informed at all times.

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The Fiscal Assistant Secretary prepares periodical estimates of the future cash position of the Treasury for use of the Department in connection with its financing; prepares calls for the withdrawal of funds from special depositaries to meet current expenditures; directs the transfer of Government funds between the Federal Reserve Banks when necessary; directs fiscal agency functions in general. BUREAU OF ACCOUNTS

The Bureau of Accounts, under the Commissioner of Accounts, succeeding the Office of the Commissioner of Accounts and Deposits, was created and established as a part of the Fiscal Service of the Treasury Department by the President's Reorganization Plan III, effective June 30,1940. SUPERVISORY DurITs.-The Bureau of Accounts consists of the immediate Office of the Commissioner of Accounts, the Office of Chief Accountant, the Division of Bookkeeping and Warrants, the Division of Disbursement, the Division of Deposits, the Division of Financial Reports, the Division of Investments, and the Section of Surety Bonds. The Commissioner of Accounts has supervisory duties in connection with these offices, as well as in connection with the deposit in banking institutions of withheld taxes under the Current Tax Payment Act of 1943, the liquidation of the residual affairs of war agencies transferred to the Bureau by Executive order, and the remaining functions of liquidation of matters growing out of the control of the American transportation system, which was exercised through the United States Railroad Administration during the period from December 28, 1917, to February 29, 1920. Under the provisions of Reorganization Plan III, effective June 30, 1940, supervision of the administration of the accounting functions and activities in the Treasury Department and all its bureaus, divisions, and offices, was consolidated in the Fiscal Service to be exercised by the Fiscal Assistant Secretary under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury through the Commissioner of Accounts. ExEcuTivE ORDER 8512.-Under Executive Order 8512, dated August 13, 1940, as amended by Executive Order 9084, dated March 3, 1942, the Treasury Department is required to prepare financial reports with respect to the financial condition and operations of the Government for the information and use of the President and the Bureau of the Budget; to establish and maintain a complete system of central accounts for the entire Government; and to establish, subject to the approval of the Director, Bureau of the Budget, uniform terminology, classifications, and standards in connection with such financial reports for the use and guidance of all departments and establishments. LIQUIDATION ACTIVITIEs.-Pursuant to presidential authorization the Treasury Department has charge of the liquidation of the residual affairs of the following war agencies or units thereof: Central Administrative Services of the Office for Emergency Management by Executive Order 9471 dated August 25, 1944; Office of Civilian Defense by Executive Order 95062 dated 'June 4, 1945; War Refugee Board by

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Executive Order 9614 dated September 14, 1945; Office of War Information (exclusive of those functions transferred to the Department of State and the Bureau of the Budget) by Executive Order 9608 dated August 31, 1945; property accounting functions of the Office of Civilian Defense by Presidential letter of March 26, 1946; and the Committee on Fair Employment Practice by Presidential letter of May 18, 1946. The -windingup of the administrative affairs of the foregoing activities, which is conducted under the supervision of the Commissioner of Accounts, involves generally the termination of contracts for rental or services; the liquidation of obligations incurred including payment of vouchers and certification of claims; the collection of moneys owed to the Government; the clearance of post-audit exceptions taken by~the General Accounting Office; the disposition of equipment, supplies, and other property; the separation of remaining war agency personnel; the completion and disposition of employees' retirement record cards; the disposition of special deposits, such as employees' pay-roll deductions for bond purchases, income taxes withheld on salaries, and miscellaneous credits; winding up the accounting work; the answering of inquiries concerning prior transactions and the handling of other related correspondence; the preparation of personnel records for archives and disposal of other records; and the submission of final reports on liquidation. LEND-LEASE FISCAL OPERATION's.-Executive Order 9726, dated May 18, 1946, transferred to the Treasury Department from the Department of State all functions with respect to the maintenance of accounts and other fiscal records relating to lend-lease and reverse lend-lease matters under the act of March 11, 1941. In carrying out the purposes and provisions of this order the Treasury Department is required to: perform all necessary fiscal functions and maintain all necessary fiscal records and prepare all required reports pertaining to the act, except that, until such date as the Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall determine, the Secretary of State shall prepare for the President the reports required under'section 5 (b) of the act; furnish the Department of State with such information and reports concerning lend-lease operations as may be requested by such Department, including information as to the status of funds; make additional allocations to procurement agencies of the Government of available funds, and shall bill, collect, and account for funds from foreign governments and others, under the act, in accordance with the request of the Secretary of State; and revoke excess allocations in the hands of procurement agencies and return such funds to the master account after consultation with the Department of State. These functions are being performed under the supervision of the Commissioner of Accounts. FORPEIGN OBLIGATIONs.-The collection of the principal of and interest on foreign obligations, the keeping of the accounts relating thereto, and generally the handling of all matters pertaining to such indebtedness are under the supervision of the Office of the Commissioner of Accounts.

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RAILROAD AND OTHIER INDEBTEDNESS.-Collection of railroad obligations acquired by the Government under the Transportation Act of 1920 (41 Stat. 456; 45 U. S. C. 131-46; . S.C. title 49), keeping the accounts relating thereto, and other-items of indebtedness turned over to the Treasury by other departments for collection are within its jurisdiction. WAR CLAIMS AND OTHER AWARDS.-Its duties include the payment, keeping of accounts, and handling generally of matters relating to awards under the Settlement of War Claims Act of 1928, the claims agreement of October 25, 1934, between the United States and Turkey, and the acts of April 10, 1935, and December 18, 1942, covering claims against the Republic of Mexico. INVESTMENTS.-The Office of the Commissioner has supervision of the investment accounts of the Government, directing the custody of investments and securities held by the Treasurer and by Federal Reserve Banks for which the Secretary of the Treasury is responsible. TREASURY ACCOUNTS AND PROCEDURE.-Under Department Circular 514 and Reorganization Plan III of 1939-40, the Office of the Commissioner reviews all proposed changes in the accounting procedures of the Treasury Department, including all its bureaus and offices. REPORTS AND STATEMENTS.-It has general supervision over the preparation of the Daily Statement of the United States Treasury, and special statements included therein on the first and middle days of the month. The Office of the Commissioner compiles the annual digest of appropriations for the information and guidance of all departments and establishments, and an annual combined statement of

the receipts and expenditures of the Government pursuant to the act of July 31, 1894 (28 Stat. 179, 197, 205-11; 31 U. S. C. 147). REvENUE, APPROPRIATION, AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTS OF ALL GovERNMENT DEPARTMENTS.-Under the act of July 31, 1894, the Division of Bookkeeping and Warrants, under the administrative supervision of the Office of the Commissioner, maintains the accounts relating to revenues, appropriations, and expenditures of all departments and establishments of the Government. TREASURY WARRANTS.-The Division of Bookkeeping and Warrants also issues all Treasury warrants, including those upon which Government disbursements are based and those for the covering of moneys into the Treasury of the United States. DISBURSEMENTS.-The Division of Disbursement, under administrative supervision of the Office of the Commissioner, was created by Executive Order 6166, of June 10, 1933, and disburses all moneys of the executive branch of the United States Government (with certain exceptions, including the Panama Canal, the military services of the War and Navy Departments, the Postal Service, and United States marshals). With the exceptions noted, the disbursing functions formerly exercised by disbursing officers attached to the various Government departments and agencies have been consolidated in the Division of Disbursement. The Division of Disbursement receives and processes all applications for substitutes of lost, stolen, destroyed. or mutilated checks drawn by officers and agents of the Federal Government, the District of

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Columbia, or the District Unemployment Compensation Board, including corporations owned or controlled by the United States, and work in connection with requests for payment of checks that have remained outstanding more than one full fiscal year following the fiscal year of issue, the amounts of which have been transferred to an outstanding liability account. DESIGNATION OF G(JOVERNMENT DEPOSITARIES.-The Division of Deposits, under the supervision of the Office of the Commissioner, administers matters relating to the designation of Government depositaries and the deposit of Government funds with them. The depositaries include Federal Reserve Banks, general and limited national bank depositaries, special depositaries under the Liberty Loan Acts, foreign depositaries, Federal land banks, and the Philippine Treasury. The Division also has charge of the duties devolving upon the Secretary of the Treasury under the Government Losses in Shipment Act of July 8, 1937 (50 Stat. 479; 5 U. S. C. 134-34h; 31 U. S. C. 528, 738a), as amended, and of matters relating to the qualification of Federal savings and loan associations and Federal credit unions as fiscal agents of the United States. DEPOSITARIES FOR WITHHELD TAxEs.-Under the Current Tax Payment Act of 1943 (57 Stat. 126; 26 U. S. C. 1621), it is provided that the Secretary of the Treasury may authorize incorporated banks or trust companies which are depositaries or financial agents of the United States to receive withheldtaxes. Designated depositaries for withheld taxes are required to comply with the terms of Department Circular 714 before acting as such depositaries. The circular provides that de-tails governing qualification of depositaries, and the functions of depositaries under such qualification, be handled by the various Federal Reserve Banks as fiscal agents of the United States. The Treasury Department through the Bureau of Accounts exercises general supervision of the program. SURETY COMPANIES.-The Commissioner of Accounts has supervision over matters relating to applications of surety companies to transact business with the Government. He supervises the auditing of their quarterly financial statements, fixes their qualifying power, notifies them of the settlement of fiscal officers' accounts under fidelity bonds, and generally exercises such other supervision as may be necessary to protect the interests of the Government under bonds executed by surety companies. The Commissioner has custody of official bonds running to the Government except those of the Post Office Department employees and of certain Federal court officials. DIRECTOR GENERAL OF RAILROADS.-Pursuant to section 2 (b) of the President's Reorganization Plan II, which the President submitted to Congress May 9, 1939, under authority of the Reorganization Act of 1939, the Office of the Director General of Railroads was abolished and the functions and duties transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury to be exercised and performed by him personally or through such officer or officers of the Department of the Treasury as he may authorize. The Secretary of the Treasury was also designated as agent against whom actions or other procedures may be brought in accordance with section 206 of the Transportation Act of February

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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

28, 1920 (41 Stat. 456; 49 U. S. C. 71-74, 76-78, 141). Under this Reorganization Plan, the Fiscal Assistant Secretary, the Comissioner of Accounts, the Associate Commissioner of Accounts, and the Assistant Commissioner of Accounts are designated to perform on behalf of the Secretary of the Treasury the duties and functions of the Director General of Railroads. BUREAU OF THE PUB1

C DEBT

qThe Bureau of the Public Debt, under the Commissioner of the Public Debt, succeeding the Public Debt Service, was created and established by the President's Reorganization Plan III, effective June 30, 1940, as a part of the Fiscal Service of the Treasury Department. The Bureau of the Public Debt is charged generally with the conduct or direction of transactions in the public debt issues of the United States. It performs similar functions for the issues of the Insular Governments and of the Government-owned corporations for which the Treasury acts as agent. It is also charged with matters relating to the paper currency of the United States, and with the negotiation of contracts for and the procurement and custody of distinctive paper for the currency and public debt issues. The Bureau organization consists of the Office of the Commissioner, the Division of Loans and Currency, the Office of the Register of the Public Debt Treasury, the Division of Paper Custod Accounts and Audit, and the Division of Savings Bonds. Two principal offices are maintained, one in Washington, the other in Chicago. All assigned functions are conducted by the Washington office except those relating to savings bonds after their issue to the public, which are conducted by the Chicago office. Recently five regional offices of the Register of the Treasury, administered from Washington and located in New York, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis, and Los Angeles, have been established to handle the audit of retired savings bonds, thus decentralizing that operation from the Chicago office. Associated with the. Bureau in public debt work are the Federal Reserve Banks, fiscal agents of the United States, the Post Office Department, and certain Treasury offices. OFFICE OF THE CoMMISSIONER.-This Office prepares the necessary documents incident to the offering of new issues of public debt securities; directs the handling of subscriptions for and allotments of the securities to be issued; formulates regulations governing transactions in public debt securities after issue; and exercises general supervision over the sale of, and the conduct of transactions in, securities after issue, either by the units of the Bureau, other branches of the Treasury Department, the Federal Reserve Banks as fiscal agents of the United States, or the Postal Service. Instructions and orders are given the Bureau of Engraving and Printing for the preparation of securities. Authorized destruction of canceled and retired paper currency and public debt securities is under this Office. DIvIsIoN OF LOANS AND CuRitBNcy.-This Division is the issuing branch. It is charged with the receipt and custody of new securities, and their issuance directly or to the Federal Reserve Banks; with

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the conduct of transactions in the outstanding debt including exchanges, transfers, conversions, maintenance of registered accounts, and the issuing of checks for interest thereon; with a settlement of claims on account of lost or destroyed securities, and of those held in the estates of deceased owners; and with the verification of canceled redeemed United States paper currency, and mutilated work from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. OFFICE OF THE REGISTER OF THE TREASTRY.-This Office is the retiri'ng branch. It is charged with the receipt of all paid, redeemed, or exchanged public debt securities, including interest coupons, canceled and retired on any account and from any sources whatever, and with their audit, certification, and custody. DIvISION OF PAPER CUSTODY.-This Division is charged with the receipt; count, custody, and issue of all distinctive paper used for the production of securities and currency by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. In connection with the manufacture of distinctive paper, a small field force is maintained at the mills of the contractors.

Divisio~N OF PIBMc

DEBT ACCOUJNTS AND AUDIT.-This

Division

maintains administrative control accounts over all transactions with which the Bureau of the Public Debt is charged, and over related transactions conducted by the Office of the Treasurer of the United States, and by the Federal Reserve Banks acting in their capacities as fiscal agents of the United States. Similar accounts are maintained over transactions in distinctive and nondistinctive paper used in printing public debt and other securities, currency, and stamps. It also makes administrative examinations and audits of transactions so conducted and the securities involved. It maintains control accounts over reserve stocks of currency, and conducts administrative examinations and physical audits of such stocks, cash balances in the several divisions of the Treasurer's Office, and collateral securities held in trust by the Treasurer. DIVISION OF SAVINGS BONDS.-This Division is charged with the distribution of publicity literature for the United States Savings Bonds Division, the maintenance of mailing lists, and the conduct of the regular purchase plan program. It carries on a large correspondence with the investing public in connection with the registration of savings bonds and the regular purchase plan. CHICAGO OFFICE.-All transactions in savings bonds after their issue are conducted in the Chicago office of the Bureau. Branches of the Office of the Commissioner, the Division of Loans and Currency, the Office of the Register of the Treasury, and the Division of Public Debt Accounts and Audit, and the Division of Savings Bonds in its entirety, comprise the Chicago office. OFFICE OF THE TREASUBER OF THE UNITED STATES

The Office of the Treasurer of the United States was created under the authority contained in the act of September 2, 1789 (I Stat. 65; 31 U. S. C. 141). Pursuant to the President's Reorganization Plan III, effective June 30, 1940, the Office of the Treasurer of the United States was established as part of the Fiscal Service of the Treasury Department.

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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The Office of the Treasurer of the United States is essentially a banking facility for the Government, and is required under law to service practically the entire Federal establishment, being particularly charged with the receipt, disbursement, and accounting for public moneys; the custody, issue, and redemption of United States paper currency and coin; the issue and payment of checks; the safekeeping of securities deposited as collateral and otherwise; and the payment of principal and interest on public debt obligations. The Bureau organization consists of the Accounting Division, the Cash Division, the Currency Redemption Division, the Division of General Accounts, and the Division of Securities, together with the Treasurer's Staff and the Administrative Division. ACCOUNTING DIvIsIoN.-This Division performs five major functions. (1) Maintains the checking accounts of disbursing officers and Government corporations. (2) Examines and proves the daily transcripts of the Treasurer's account received from the various Federal Reserve Banks and branches and general depositaries. (3) Examines and pays the checks drawn on the Treasurer which accompany the transcripts (except those punchcard checks which are payable through certain Federal Reserve Banks). (4) Returns checks carrying questionable signatures or improper endorsements, or are not acceptable for other reasons. (5) Coordinates the work of Federal Reserve Banks in their operations relating to the payment of checks drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury for interest, by regional disbursing officers of the Treasury, and by certain local disbursing officers of the War and Navy Departments, which,.checks are drawn on the Treasurer of the United States and are restricted to payment through certain designated Federal Reserve Banks. In addition to these general functions, this Division has many related functions such as the handling of stop-payments and correspondence and claims relating to lost, stolen, or fraudulently negotiated checks. CASH DiVIsIoN.-This Division performs for Government accountable officers and for local banks practically all of the major functions of a general banking institution. Its duties comprise the receipt of funds for deposit to the accounts of the various Government agencies, the payment of Treasury checks as well as processing for collection commercial checks, drafts, and money-orders, and the receipt and accounting for coin presented for redemption and exchange locally. In addition it handles over-the-comiter and mail-order sales of United States savings bonds, savings stamps, and tax notes. All United States paper currency, upon receipt from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, is immediately placed in the reserve vault maintained by this Division, from which it is issued daily for shipment to the various Federal Reserve Banks and branches, and to the local banks. CURRENCY REDEMAIPTION DIVISION.-This Division performs for the

Treasurer the functions of exchange and redemption of United States, Federal Reserve Bank, and national bank currency. It also examines and determines the redemption value of all mutilated and burned paper currency presented, and issues checks in payment therefor. DIVISION OF GENERAL ACCOUNTS.-In order to comply with the pro-

visions of the various laws governing the operations of the Office of

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the Treasurer and to prepare the statements of account required of his office, it is necessary that the Treasurer maintain accounts governin a wide range of subjects involved in Government accounting. This Division is responsible for the maintenance of these accounts, the principal of which are Depositary Accounts, Transit Accounts, General Treasury Asset and Liability Accounts, Currency Accounts, Public -DebtAccounts, and the Treasurer's Account Current. In addition to the maintenance of these and numerous other accounts, this Division prepares for the Treasurer authorizations and directions covering the shipments of coin between the Treasury offices and Federal Reserve Banks and branches to meet the demand for trade requirements, to dispose of surplus stocks of current coin and the accumulation of light-weight and uncurrent coins. This' Division is responsible for the preparation of the Daily Statement of the United States Treasury, the monthly statement of the classified receipts and expenditures of the Government, the monthly statement of the public debt, and the monthly statement of paper currency outstanding. DIVISION or SEcGURITIES.-The principal duties of this Division comprise the payment of principal and interest on public debt obligations of the United States, Government corporations and agencies the Philippine Islands, and Puerto Rico; the receipt, examination and verification of all United States securities purchased for the cumulative sinking fund and various other accounts; and to maintain custody of miscellaneous securities and trust funds, including those held to secure postal savings, and public deposits in national banks, together with safekeeping facilities, for individuals and others, of United States savings bonds. United States Savings Bonds Division The United States Savings Bonds Division of the Office of the Secretary promotes the sale and holding of United States Savings Bonds of Series E, F, and G, and the sale of United States Savings Stamps. Under Treasury Order 62, dated December 26, 1945, the Division is successor to the War Finance Division, War Savings Staff, and Defense Savings Staff created originally in Treasury Order 39, dated March 19. 1941. United States Savings Bonds offices are located in the 48 States and the District of Columbia. Through these field offices sales materials are disseminated, and personal contact is maintained with banking, business, labor, farm, school, and other community leaders whose volunteer services are enlisted to further the sales of Savings Bonds at banks, savings and loan associations, post offices, and other issuing agencies, and at places of employment on the popular pay-roll savings The small headquarters staff comprises the following principal divisions: Industrial Payroll Savings; Federal Payroll Savings; Labor, Banking and Investment; Press, Radio and Advertising; Special Field Activities (agriculture; schools; women's organizations; civic, trade

738486°—47—10

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

140

and fraternal organizations; and inter-racial organizations). Cooperation is solicited from all advertising media, including newspapers, radio stations, magazines, business and trade publications, outdoor poster boards, and motion pictures. United States Savings Bonds are continuously on sale at approximately sixty thousand issuing agencies and their branches in virtually every locality in the United States. Descriptive information is available on request, without charge. FIELD OFFICES-UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS DIVISION Field Office

State Director

Address

2027 Comer Building, Birmingham 3. 215 New Post Office Building, Phoenix. 204 Old Post Office Building, Little Rock. 745 Monadnock Building, San Francisco 5. 621 S. Spring Street, Los Angeles 14. 719 Equitable Building, Seventeenth and Stout Streets, Denver 2. Frank L. Cashman -------- 36 Pearl Street, Hartford 3. Cnnecticut - 1064 Hotel duPont Building, Wilmington 93. Clarence E. Keyes --Delaware ---630 Washington Building, Washington 5. ....-...-Lynch Hugh .Columbia District of 404-08 Federal Building, Jacksonville 1. Bagwell---Ralph -----------Florida 1202 C & S National Bank Building, Atlanta 3. ----Woodruff G. Joseph Georgia---------634 Idaho First National Bank Building, Boise. -Ellsworth W. Harold ----...... .. Idaho 300 Bankers Building, 105 W. Adams Street, — Rauen--.-.-.J. Arnold -Illinois-------Chicago 3. K. Maxfield---- 832 Illinois Building, Indianapolis 4. Indiana -Orville 800 Walnut Building, Des Moines 8. Roger F. Warin --.---Iowa --- 208 Federal Building, Topeka 60. George F. Hillyer --Kansas-808 Second National Bank Building, Ashland. A. A. Hines -S---Kentucky--- 615 Federal Building, P. 0. Box 83, Nae Joseph J. Knecht -0--Louisiana ---Orleans. Harvey M. Fickett -- --- 233 Post Office Building, 125 Forest Avenue, Maine -Portland 3. Richard H. Dixon, Jr.- — 601 Maryland Trust Building, Baltimore 2. Maryland Orville S. Poland---- --- 79 Milk Street, Boston 9. Massachusetts'1702 United Artists Building, Detroit 26. Delmar V. Cote--..-MichiganDarrell D. Bandy—- —— 510 Northwestern Bank Building, Minneapolis 2. Minnesota"-526 Federal Building, Jackson 106. Newell N. McAlpin -1—Mississippi— Post Office Building, Jefferson City, Mo. Earl H. Shackelford --Missouri --- 28 Union Bank Building, Helena. -Arthur NelsonMontana"—-- 636 World-Herald Building, Omaha 2. R. Hall -Nebraska -Leland— 150 N. Virginia Street, Reno. Elmer R. Berg ---Nevada ---— 77 Market Street, Manchester. New Hampshire - --- Loren A. Littlefield -A. Glennon --- 972 Broad Street, Newark 2. New Jersey -Raymond — 101 Federal Building, Albuquerque. Edwin G. Hobbs --New Mexico 253 Broadway, New York 7. Philip M. Light ----New York-— 204 Sutton Building, Greensboro. North Carolina-- ---- A. Allison James---Nierling Block, 108½ First Street E., Jamestown. Harold G. Wheeler-——— North DakotaWebster M. Wright -- —- 61 Union Commerce Lobby, Cleveland 14. OhioC. Bray—- ——— 426 Key Building, Oklahoma City 2. Oklahoma -Sidney American Bank Building, Portland 5. 1006O—Kenneth G. Martin ---Oregon Charles J. Midel ------- - 21 South Twelfth Street, Philadelphia 7. PenDsylvania Industrial Trust Building, Providence 3. Joseph Lombardo -- —-—-1608 Rhode Island — Farm Credit Administration Building, 1401 William B. Stuckey South Carolina -Hampton Street, Columbia 29. - 305 Federal Building Sioux Falls. -- Elmer Rustad ------South Dakota --

a-l .--------Arizona Aansas Northern California Southern California .Colorado -

Young J. Boozer---- -------Oren R. Frasier -C. K. Wilkerson.-----------Jack Botts ---Fred H. Johnson -Dewey M. Smith--- -----

DEPARTMENT OF THE-.TREASTJRY

141

FIELD OFFICES--UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS DIVISION-Continued Field Office Tennessee-------......

State Director

Address

John Murray Lovell -......

330 Third National Bank Building, 170 Fourth Avenue, Nashville 3. Texas ................. H.Owens---H. 1114 Commerce Street, Dallas 2. Utah----.._Earl T. Ross........- 462 Federal Building, Salt Lake City 1. Vermont -............William J. Whalon -....Hotel Van Ness, Burlington. Virginia -............Chapman H. Edwards Schmidt Building, Seventh and Franklin Streets, Richmond 19. Washington-......- William C. H. Lewis-..- 459 Federal Office Building, Seattle 4. West Virginia------- Berard S. Payne -...-105 Federal Building, Charleston 1. Wisconsin Harold F. Dickens ....... 735 N. Water Street, Milwaukee 2. Wyoming .....A. E. Wilde .......- 301 Federal Building, Cheyenne.

Foreign Funds Control During World War Ii the Treasury Department, through Foreign Funds Control, was primarily responsible for planning and executing the Government's program of financial warfare against our enemies under the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended, and Executive Orders 8389, as amended, and 9193. In carrying out this program Foreign Funds Control vigorously pursued the vital objectives of weakening the enemy's financial resources, preventing financial operations contrary to our war effort, and facilitating financial operations supporting the war effort of the United Nations. In the implementation of this program, Foreign Funds Control (1) froze the eight and one-half billion dollars in assets held within the United States by persons in enemy, enemy-occupied, liberated, and European neutral countries and regulated the use of such assets; (2) investigated and regulated international financial transactions; (3) administered import controls so as to close United States markets to enemy loot in the form of securities, currency, checks and drafts and other assets; (4) through the Department of State, cooperated with other American republics to secure their adoption of effective controls over enemy property and transactions, and participated in the administration of the Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked Nationals; (5) under section 3 (a) of the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended, administered the wartime restrictions on trade with the enemy; (6) supervised the taking of the Census of Foreign-owned Property in the United States and the Census of American-owned Property Abroad; and (7) participated with other Treasury organizations in carrying out the Department's broad responsibilities in connection with problems of areas liberated from enemy domination and occupied territory. In the post-hostilities period Foreign Funds Control has a threefold program: 1. An orderly defrosting program, conducted in such a manner as to (a) insure the uncovering of cloaked enemy interests; (b) prevent the completion of transactions effected under duress or for the benefit

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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL

of the enemy; (c) prevent the completion of transactions for the benefit of collaborationist elements; and (d) establish measures for the protection of claims of the Federal Government and of private American creditors in blocked assets. 2. The complete elimination of existing German and Japanese economic and financial influence in this country and the prevention of post-war use of United States banking facilities by enemy interests. 3. The development of the necessary procedures for licensing the reopening of trade, remittances, and general financial and commercial relations with former enemy countries consistent with the Government's objectives in controlling their post-war developments. The Federal Reserve Banks of New York, Chicago, and San Francisco and the governors of the Territories and possessions of the United States act as field agents of Foreign Funds Control. Office of Superintendent of Treasury Buildings The Office of Superintendent of Treasury Buildings was established by the Secretary of the Treasury on May 20, 1937 (Treasury Department Order 16). The Superintendent is charged with responsibility for the maintenance and operation of various Treasury buildings in the District of Columbia. Bureau of Federal Supply The Procurement Division was established in the Treasury Department by Executive Order 6166, dated June 10, 1933, under the authority of the act of March 3, 1933 (47 Stat. 1517). The name of the Procurement Division was changed to Bureau of Federal Supply effective January 1, 1947, by Treasury Department Order 73, dated November 19, 1946, issued by the Secretary of the Treasury. This Bureau is responsible for determining policies and methods in regard to the procurement, warehousing, and distribution of property, facilities, improvements, machinery, equipment, and supplies; and for performing these activities and other related functions for all existing Federal agencies and those hereafter created, except the War and Navy Departments and the United States Marine Corps. PURCHASE BRANCH.-The functions of this Branch are performed by the Contract Division, Public Utilities Division, Strategic and Critical Materials Division, Lend-Lease Division, and the Central Traffic Service Division. The Contract Division, through the Commodity Section which is organized into specialized commodity groups, executes the continuing program of purchasing supplies and services regularly required by the Government and also handles certain special purchase programs. For the regular program, the Commodity Section makes definite quantity purchases in the open market and negotiates term contracts for supply to Federal agencies against their purchase orders placed directly with the Bureau of Federal Supply contractors. The latter are listed in the catalog, The General Schedule of Supplies. Special programs undertaken by the Bureau include the purchase of supplies

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

143

and equipment for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration for relief purposes abroad. During the war the Bureau also purchased certain requirements under the lend-lease program. Purchases of similar items destined for foreign governments have been made on a cash reimbursable basis upon requisitions approved by the Office of the Foreign Liquidation Commission. The Printing Section of the Contract Division is responsible for placing the orders of the Treasury Department and certain other agencies for printing and binding with the Government Printing Office, and with commercial sources for service which the Government Printing Office cannot render. Through the Special Furnishings Section of the Contract Division, executive-type office and household furnishings are designed for use by Federal agencies. Although standardized types of these furnishings are placed on the General Schedule of Supplies, special designs are made on the request of Federal agencies and purchased through the Commodity Section on the open market. The Public Utilities Division of the Purchase Branch surveys existing and proposed facilities and contracts for electricity, telephone, and other utilities, and makes recommendations necessary to obtain for the Government the best rates and service. For this purpose, it also assists at proceedings before rate regulation bodies and courts. As directed and approved by the Army and Navy Munitions Board, the Strategic and Critical Materials Division purchases and arranges for the inspection, maintenance, storage, issue, and replenishment of strategic and critical materials classified as such by the Board. The Lend-Lease Division directs a field force which expedites the production of and inspects goods bought under special purchase programs by the Commodity Section. It also arranges for the transportation of such material to export points or to temporary storage space, administered by the Bureau of Federal Supply. These special services are accorded to supplies purchased for UNRRA or on a cash reimbursable basis for foreign governments. During the war the bulk of this work was performed in connection with purchases made for lend-lease, now in liquidation. The Central Traffic Service Division facilitates economical movement of freight by all Government agencies by maintaining tariff files; furnishing data on rates and routes, freight classifications, switch, terminal, and track facilities; handling demurrage; and negotiating special rates. When necessary, it drafts complaints for presentation to the Interstate Commerce Commission and other regulatory bodies and represents the Government before such bodies. The Bureau of Federal Supply coordinates purchases by the Federal Government of the blind-made products specified by the Committee on Purchase of Blind-made Products, established by the act of June 25, 1938 (52 Stat. 1196). It also controls the reassignment for Federal use or other disposition of property abandoned or seized, and forfeited under the Federal Alcohol Administration Act, the Liquor Repeal and Enforcement Act, and the National Firearms Act. STOEES DISTRIBUTION BRANCH.-Through warehouse and supply

centers located at various cities throughout the United States, the

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