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Enviro-Cooler Project 2006 Prepared for
Federation of Canadian Municipalities by
Alta-West Group Ltd. Rick Owen
Project #7104 Final Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Executive Summary
2. Introduction
3. Purpose of Project
4. Description of Project
5. Benefits Environmental Social 6. Results Stettler Fairview Whitecourt 7. Future Expansions
8. Recommendations
9. Who Can Benefit from an Enviro-Cooler?
10. Municipal Guide for Economic Benefit of ELC
11. Conclusions
12. Carbon Lifecycle study – Pembina Institute 2
1. Executive Summary Energy conservation has been identified as a priority both at the federal as well as the provincial level. Municipalities are continually challenged to ensure sports and recreation opportunities remain accessible and affordable within their local communities. The cost of running sports facilities such as ice arenas is a major expense for municipal governments. This project is designed to reduce energy costs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of ice available to the end users, the public. This report will summarize the results and identify energy savings realized by three communities in Alberta that installed the Enviro-liquid Cooler (ELC) as part of their energy management program for ice arenas. The ELC was installed in the towns of Stettler, Whitecourt and Fairview with significant cost savings for each. (Whitecourt 30.1%, Fairview 43.1%, Stettler 45%) The implementation, management and evaluation of this initiative will be described in this report.
2. Introduction This project was conducted through a partnership between two companies with complimentary knowledge and expertise in energy management and manufacturing. Rink Pro Controls brings the knowledge and expertise in installing and operating control systems in arenas for all forms of energy control. The second company, #1141171 Alberta Ltd., brings the capability of manufacturing the Enviro Liquid Coolers. Rink Pro Controls
Company Profile: Rick Owen – Controls representative. Mr. Owen has collected and analyzed arena energy use data from Stettler arena and nine other comparable arenas in Alberta for the last several years. Daryl Lieb – Controls programmer. Mr. Leib has fifteen years experience in arena and refrigeration controls, with installations numbering in the hundreds and spread around the world. Norm Hamilton - #1141171 Alberta Ltd. Mr. Hamilton developed and manages a manufacturing business in the oil business. Andy Vanderlee - #1141171 Alberta Ltd. Mr. Vanderlee developed and manages a manufacturing business in the oil business.
3
Acknowledgements: The project manager for this initiative wishes to acknowledge the courage and patience of the staff of the three communities involved in this pilot project. Their support and cooperation were invaluable to the success of this undertaking.
Stettler Lee Penner, Recreation Department 48450 50 Street, Stettler, Alberta T0C 2L1 Work Phone: (403) 742-4411 Fax Number: (403) 742-3480 Population; 5200
Fairview Gord McLeod, Recreation department P.O box 730, Fairview, Alberta T7P 2K3 Work Phone: (780) 835-5467 Fax Number: (780) 835-3576
Whitecourt Jay Granley, Director of Community Services Box 509, Whitecourt, Alberta T7S 1N6 Work Phone: (780) 778-6610 Fax Number: (780) 778-2062
3. Purpose of the Project The purpose of this pilot project was to compare compressor runtime before and after installation of an Enviro-liquid Cooler. This reduction in compressor time was then translated into cost savings for each community involved due to decreased energy use.
Background Rink Pro Controls specializes in energy management in arenas/recreation facilities, particularly in Alberta. Typically, the operating cost of the recreation facility is one of the largest items in municipal budgets, and there was significant interest in any technologies which could reduce these escalating operating expenses. The oil & gas industry is an economic leader in Alberta with expertise in processes related to cooling and energy transfer. The partnership between Rink Pro controls and the founders of Stettler Oil and
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Gas combines technology of energy management in Alberta arenas with oil field expertise in cooling and energy transfer. This combination of knowledge and skills will be key to dramatic improvements in the operating costs of arena cooling systems where the climate is suitable.
Enviro-Cooler Installations in Alberta
1. Stettler
Fairview
2. Ponoka 3. Whitecourt Whitecourt
Mallaig St. Paul
Edmonton
4. Fairview 5. St. Paul 6. Vegreville
Red Deer Stettler
7. Mallaig Edmonton, Calgary, Red Deer
Calgary
The facilities involved in this study are a typical cross-section of arenas found across Canada. Stettler is a twin arena built in 1997. It has seating capacity of 2,000 in one side and 400 on the other rink. It operates from October until March with both rinks and 1 rink is operated from August for a hockey school. Whitecourt is a twin arena similar in size to Stettler but more than 20 years old. It operates the same time periods as Stettler. Fairview is an arena and separate 4-sheet curling building which share the same ice plant. The facility runs from September to March.
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4. Description of the Project An extensive review of the literature was conducted by experts from the National Research Council of Edmonton in the areas of research and energy conservation. This search revealed very little work done in this area. Experts from CANMET Energy Technology Centre found similar results. Given the lack of existing studies on efforts to reduce energy use in ice arenas, the need to pursue such an initiative was clearly evident. This project takes the existing cooling technology of compressors and condensers used by most arenas in Alberta, and integrates that with the Enviro-Liquid Cooler to optimize energy efficiency through outside natural cooling and energy transfer. The towns of Stettler, Whitecourt and Fairview committed to work with Rink Pro Controls to be part of a pilot project which integrates the ELC into their existing energy management program. The hypothesis was that the ELC would utilize outside air to maintain the ice temperatures ideal for recreational use when outside climate was suitable to do so. The ELC is a large cooling system that is installed outside an arena and circulates the rink brine solution through it to take advantage of cold air temperatures to support the cooling efforts of existing compressors and condensers to maintain ice temperatures. By controlling a variable valve to divert brine solution through the ELC when the air temperature is colder than the ice set point, the brine will be cooled without the use of the compressor and condenser. The energy demand of the ELC will be approximately 10% compared to the current operational demands of the compressor system. The ELC is controlled through the Rink Pro arena energy management system. The ELC is designed to handle the corrosive brine solution under high pressure within a stainless steel or aluminum system. The life span of this equipment is equal to that of the arena. All pipes carrying the solution to and from the arena are PVC quality tubing. Sensors are placed along the system to monitor flow and temperature of the solution. If problems arise in the system such as a leak or drop in temperature, the control system sends out an immediate to alarm to the local alarm company as well as on call staff for the arena. The unit in operation should extend the life span of the existing compressors and condensers by ensuring reduced wear and tear on the existing system. Therefore in addition to direct energy savings, the reduction in compressor runtime will save in maintenance and refrigerator plant longevity. The photographs below illustrate the ELC installation in this project. The results described in this report are for the 2005-2006 season. It is interesting to note that Alberta experienced one of the warmest winters in recorded history during this time. The ELC requires temperatures below -
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10C to operate and the efficiency increases as temperatures drop. The results outlined in this project are therefore conservative at best. In simply comparing compressor runtime before the installation of the Rink Pro Control system and the ELC with those after the addition of this technology we found significant savings. Fairview saw a reduction of 43.1%, Stettler 45% and Whitecourt 30.1% reductions in runtimes. In presenting the results of this project, these reductions have been presented in the following tables as well as cost savings realized by each community. Stettler
When installing a device such as the Enviro-Liquid Cooler many issues must be considered. It became evident that the ELC is designed to compliment an existing energy management system. The ELC has variable cooling capacity depending on the difference between the outdoor air temperature and the ice set point. The brine used is typically a calcium chloride mixture. Because this brine has a “freezing point” which sits usually between -15 and -20 oC, if the outdoor air temperature falls below this, accommodations must be made. Finally we must consider that the operation of the ELC must compliment the existing compressor system and must operate automatically for maximum efficiency. The issues identified with the ELC have been resolved with basic modifications to the system. ELC cannot stand alone since the temperature is variable, so it must be integrated into existing system.
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ELC has variable cooling capacity depending upon the difference between the outdoor air temperature and the ice set point. The brine used is typically a calcium chloride mixture which is very toxic. The brine has a “freezing point” which is usually between -15 & -20 C. If the outdoor air temperature falls below this, accommodations must be made. The operation of the ELC must not negatively affect the existing compressor system and must operate automatically or the efficiency will decline.
8
Costs of the Projects and Funding Sources: Item
Description
Installation
Concrete slab,crane,plumbing,electrical,fencing
$69,000
Unit Rental
Rental of enviro-liquid-coolers
$36,000
Programming costs
Writing the control programs for the units
$15,000
On site maintainance
Continual fine tuning and alterations
$15,000
Administration
Applications,data gathering, data reporting
$15,000
Total Eligible Expenses
Amount
$150,000
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5. Benefits Environmental What we propose is an addition to an existing system. Presently arenas pump a brine solution through a system of pipes running through the concrete slab under the ice, this solution is cooler than the ice so it removes the heat from the ice and thus controls the ice temperature. The brine is circulated back into an equipment room where it is run through large compressors and a condenser system. This system removes the heat from the brine and exits it out through a condenser. The cooled brine is then routed back through the cement slab. Set points and temperature sensors determine how often the compressors come on in order to keep the brine at the appropriate temperature in order to cool the ice to the appropriate temperature. Our proposal would see us routing the brine outside of the arena and utilizing outside temperatures to cool the brine without the use of the compressors. These compressors are the largest consumers of power within the system. By utilizing outside temperatures we can limit electrical usage and wear and tear on the compressors. The environmental benefits are in the reduction of electrical power consumption at the arena level. The reduction of power consumption then equates to a reduction in coal usage for the generation of power. To monitor the power consumption, at present, all arenas have the ability to generate compressor run time reports that will tell us how often and for how long the compressors come on at the arena. By knowing the present consumption of power and then tracking the consumption after the installation of the Enviro-liquid Cooler we can show the power savings. These savings are sustainable as long as refrigeration is used to make ice in arenas and as long as we have winters.
Pollutant
Unit of Measure
Quantity
Percentage Variance
Electrical power
KWh
192,000
45%
Green House Gases
Tonnes
128
45%
*Numbers are for twin arenas
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Social Presently arena costs are calculated and then used to determine ice costs for all events at the arena; teams and clubs must then come up with the dollars to use the arena. Fewer costs will equate to a greater use of the arena and less hardship for local clubs and individuals. The capital costs of equipment for arenas comes from tax payer dollars so any extension in the life of the arena equipment will reduce the level of taxes required to keep the arena in operation. The reduction in power consumption not only saves dollars for the municipalities but is also reduces green house gases, as mentioned before this will amount to 147 tonnes per twin arena per year. The intangible effect from this technology is the “good feeling” in a community from knowing that on those bitterly cold days, you are reaping energy and savings from it. For example, the people who ride their bicycles in difficult conditions gain a satisfaction for doing this activity.
6. Results
Fairview Table #1 Average Temperature oC (Nov-Feb)
2003
2004
-8.8
-11.9
2005
-9.7
2006
Total Change
-6.9
Compressor Hours
3125.0 2384.0 2321.9 1828.1 1297.0 Year to Year Change
23.7% Compressor Hours Feb 1-Mar 20* Year to Year Change Feb 1 – Mar 20
1014.0 875.0 13.7%
2.6%
21.3%
41.5%
848.7
577.2
437.0
3.0%
32.0%
43.1%
#1 The Rink Pro Energy Management System was installed in the Fairview arena in December of 2003. The Enviro-Cooler was not operational until Feb.1 of 2006. For the purpose of comparing changes in compressor runtime, the Year to Year Change Feb 1 – Mar 20 (above) is the most revealing. We see a 13.7% reduction in 2004 and a further 3% in 2005 from energy management alone. With the addition of the ELC an additional saving of 32% is realized. The package of controls and ELC provide an overall reduction of 41.5% or 1,297 compressor hours per season!
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Stettler Table #2 Average Temperature oC (Nov –Feb) Total Compressor Hours
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
-8.0
-7.0
-8.8
-7.7
-4.7
4,899
3,013
2,816 2,745 2,696
38.5%
6.5%
Year to Year Change
2.5%
Total Change
1.8%
2,203 45%
#2 The Rink Pro Energy Management System was installed in the Stettler arena in July of 2002. An early version of the ELC was installed in January of 2004 and improved upon each year since. This arena is the furthest south in the study and the warmest average outdoor temperature. The complete package of control and ELC again achieved a very large overall saving of 45% or 2,203 compressor hours! In this case, an initial 38.5% saving came from our energy management system and this was reduced by a further 11% from the ELC. The ELC requires cold temperatures to be effective and these results came with the warmest winter in Alberta’s history.
Whitecourt Table #3 2004
2005
2006
Average Temperature oC (Nov-Feb)
-8.5
-6.6
-5.4
Total Compressor Hours
3,606
2,783
2,496
Total Change
1,110
Year to Year Change
22.8% 10.3% 30.8% #3 The Rink Pro Energy Management System was installed in the Whitecourt arena for the 2005 season. We track energy use at more than 20 arenas and this arena operates the most efficiently. Their air temperatures are cooler than most and they closely monitor ice temperatures and humidity to match with activity. This chart shows Rink Pro controls reduced compressor time by 22.8% the initial year and the ELC addition reduced compressor times by another 10.3%. Again, the warm (record) winter temperatures hindered the effectiveness of the ELC, but an overall reduction of 30.8% was achieved.
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Fairview Table #4
Feb. 25
Fri
Feb. 26
Sat
Feb. 27
Sun
Feb. 28
Mon
Mar.1
Tue Total ELC Reduction
Compressor hours 2005 15.5 15.9 14.8 19.7 14.5 80.4
Compressor hours 2006 5.1 5.7 4.8 5.1 6.9 27.6
Outdoor Air Temp -15.8 -21.0 -19.3 -14.5 -14.0
Feb. 24 Feb. 25 Feb. 26 Feb. 27 Feb. 28
65.7%
#4
This chart illustrates the effectiveness of the ELC when conditions are cold. As you can see, compressor runtime is reduced by 65.7% from the same days of the previous year.
Stettler Table #5 Energy Kilowatt hours
Compressor Outdoor Temp hours
Energy Kilowatt hours
Compressor hours Outdoor Temp
2005 2006 9-Jan Sun 409 0.2 -23.5 1628 -0.2 Mon. 10-Jan Mon 654 4.2 -20.0 1527 -4.3 Tue 11-Jan Tue 728 5.2 -17.2 1614 -5.1 Wed 12-Jan Wed 389 0 -25.7 1347 -7.4 Thu 13-Jan Thu 391 0 -30.9 2133 -8.2 Fri 14-Jan Fri 389 0 -27.5 2314 -11.2 Sat 15-Jan Sat 417 0.1 -25.2 2316 -6.9 Sun Total 3,377 9.7 12,879 166 ELC Reduction 73.8% 156 hours #5 This chart shows the energy use of the ice plant. In the 2005 column the outdoor air temperature is significantly colder and energy consumption is reduced by 73.8% and compressor runtime is reduced by 94%!
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7. Future Expansion There are 350 recreation facilities spread throughout Alberta with ice surfaces and 3,500 facilities across Canada. This technology will have application in all of them that have the suitable climate. In Alberta, that means more than 50% of them. With the high cost of utilities in Alberta, this technology might be the difference of keeping many of the rural curling and hockey arenas open. Once this pilot study is complete, the technology could be very easily adapted to any ice arena. We will develop an economic model which incorporates the environmental, cost, and mechanical factors. With the data collected from this study, any arena would be able to plug in their facility information and see immediately the potential cost benefit of installing an Enviro-liquid cooler. Canada has a cold climate and we should be leaders in the field of utilizing this climate to our advantage.
8. Recommendations The following chart demonstrates the arena conditions at several sites around Alberta for the 2006 season. The 3 sites of our study plus St. Paul all have the ELC installed. I include St. Paul results for last year for additional information, since they had the Rink Pro Energy Management System and ELC installed August, 2005.
Rink Pro Customer Energy Data Municipality Energy Whitecourt St. Paul Stettler B-1 Whitecourt Stettler E F G-1 H I-1 G-2 I-2 Average
521 712 769 785 838 840 840 870 999 1336 1402 1408 1545 746.5
ice temp 20.7 20.7 20.6 21.6 20.6 19.8 18.2 18.4 19.7 19.5 18.2 15.9 18.7 21.0
Arenas warmest ice temp rank air temp 3 4 6 1 5 7 13 11 8 9 12 14 10
2.5 2.5 4.8 5.6 1.9 3.9 -0.1 3.0 7.8 3.4 9.7 2.4 3.4
–
2006
coldest air temp rank 5 4 10 11 2 8 1 6
efficiency 8.5 8.5 10.8 9.6 7.9 11.9 10 13
12 15.8 7 13.4 13 25.7 3 12.4 >12 Efficiency Rating
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Muni J K L Fairview N O P Q Average
Energy 436 477 485 577 609 840 999 1017 516.8
ice temp 22.0 21.2 22.2 20.6 19.9 19.2 20.2 13.9 21.2
"Shell Arenas" ice temp rank air temp air temp rank efficiency 2 -1.4 4 2 3 1.4 5 5.4 1 3.1 6 5.1 4 -1.5 3 6 6 -2.8 2 8 7 4.0 8 12 5 3.1 7 9.1 8 -5.0 1 18 -0.2 >9 Efficiency Rating
Curling Rinks kwh/sht ice temp ice temp rank air temp air temp rank efficiency ./mo. G 1959 J 2205 21.5 2 1.0 1 5 P 2486 21.4 5 2.5 3 6.5 Fairview 3049 21.3 3 4.0 5 8 C 3080 22.0 1 4.1 7 6.1 K 3176 20.8 4 5.4 9 11.4 F 3211 18.8 9 7.4 11 17.4 N 3347 19.7 6 2.7 4 12.7 B 3549 17.9 10 2.0 2 12 L 3645 19.0 7 3.8 8 11.8 O 6981 19.0 8 4.2 7 12.2 Q 8982 16.4 11 7.0 10 21 Average 2555.8 21.6 2.9 >9 Efficiency Rating 1. Energy in top 2 tables is average kilowatt hours (ice plant only) used for 1 arena ice surface per month 2. Energy in last table is kilowatt hours (ice plant only) used for 1 sheet of curling ice per month 3. Efficiency is an arbitrary rating created by Rink Pro for comparison purposes only “Shell” arenas is a term for arenas in smaller towns with limited fan seating Muni
The operating cost of an arena is directly linked to the environmental set points, that is ice temperature, air temperature, humidity and a variety of other variables. Most or all can be controlled and adjusted for maximum efficiency. It is evident that the possible savings for municipalities in operating recreational facilities is enormous and needs to be pursued to ensure on going sustainability of sports centers across this province.
15
St. Paul
Compressor Hours - 2004 season - Sept.22 - Mar. 12 = 1,669 Hrs Compressor Hours - 2006 season - Sept.22 - Mar. 12 = 755 Hrs Reduction - 54.8%
Utility Savings Total from Library, Arena, Rec. Centre Total from Ice Plant, Rec. Centre 6 Month total change in utility cost
$20,034.86 (Heating) $15,082.83 (Electric) $35,117.69
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9. Can You Benefit from an Enviro-Cooler? How can you decide if an outside Enviro-Cooler makes good business sense? Every recreation facility is unique. The many factors affecting each site must be taken into consideration and therefore requires a specific energy audit. 1. Operating Cost Savings Model If you are within the category, it is worth your time and effort to research this technology. The simple criteria for cost effective savings with an Enviro-Cooler are as follows: Price of power Price of Enviro-Cooler installed Refrigeration plant power consumption (during suitable climate period) Total hours of temperature below ice set point temperature per season In general terms, the following parameters can be a guideline: 1. you require an average temperature from November 1 – March30 of -7c or colder Example of climate from Canada Climate Data City Average Temperature - 2005 Calgary -5.9 Edmonton -9.7 Saskatoon -11.7 Regina -10.9 Winnipeg -11.9 Sudbury -8.4 Toronto -2.8 Yellowknife -21.9 2. Cost of your refrigeration plant only is greater than $20,000.00 2. Facility Enhancement Model The other facilities that can tremendously benefit from this technology are the older facilities, typically with undersized refrigeration plants and a tight budget. In these instances, provided they have a suitable climate, the cost of installation of a smaller, single rink Cooler, could extend the existing compressor equipment’s life indefinitely. The cost of a single rink cooler should be 60-80% less than a new compressor package.
17
10. Municipal Guide for Economic Benefit of ELC Municipalities can go through the following steps to determine the potential value of an ELC for each of their facilities. Step 1 – “Potential Savings - Total Compressor Hours–” Ambient Air Temperature colder than –8C - From the Canadian Weather Service get number of hours colder than -8C (typically – Nov.1 – Mar.15 except in Northern sites) Comp hrs. - From refrigeration plant records get number of compressor hours for the same period Hours - Total number of hours in period of interest Divide Comp Hrs. by Hours = Comp Factor Multiply the Ambient Air Temperature colder than –8C times Comp Factor This number will be the “Total Compressor Hours – Potential Savings” Example: Fairview had total compressor hours of 3,265 and had 2,200 hours of weather colder than –8c. This gives them the potential savings of Period between November 1 ~ March 15 Compressor hours 6,000
926 1,111 1,296 1,481 1,667 1,852 2,037 2,222 2,407 2,593 2,778 2,963 3,148 3,333 3,519 3,704
5,750
887 1,065 1,242 1,420 1,597 1,775 1,952 2,130 2,307 2,485 2,662 2,840 3,017 3,194 3,372 3,549
5,500
849 1,019 1,188 1,358 1,528 1,698 1,867 2,037 2,207 2,377 2,546 2,716 2,886 3,056 3,225 3,395
5,250
810
972 1,134 1,296 1,458 1,620 1,782 1,944 2,106 2,269 2,431 2,593 2,755 2,917 3,079 3,241
5,000
772
926 1,080 1,235 1,389 1,543 1,698 1,852 2,006 2,160 2,315 2,469 2,623 2,778 2,932 3,086
4,750
733
880 1,026 1,173 1,319 1,466 1,613 1,759 1,906 2,052 2,199 2,346 2,492 2,639 2,785 2,932
4,500
694
833
972 1,111 1,250 1,389 1,528 1,667 1,806 1,944 2,083 2,222 2,361 2,500 2,639 2,778
4,250
656
787
918 1,049 1,181 1,312 1,443 1,574 1,705 1,836 1,968 2,099 2,230 2,361 2,492 2,623
4,000
617
741
864
988 1,111 1,235 1,358 1,481 1,605 1,728 1,852 1,975 2,099 2,222 2,346 2,469
3,750
579
694
810
926 1,042 1,157 1,273 1,389 1,505 1,620 1,736 1,852 1,968 2,083 2,199 2,315
3,500
540
648
756
864
972 1,080 1,188 1,296 1,404 1,512 1,620 1,728 1,836 1,944 2,052 2,160
3,250
502
602
702
802
903 1,003 1,103 1,204 1,304 1,404 1,505 1,605 1,705 1,806 1,906 2,006
3,000
463
556
648
741
833
926 1,019 1,111 1,204 1,296 1,389 1,481 1,574 1,667 1,759 1,852
2,750
424
509
594
679
764
849
934 1,019 1,103 1,188 1,273 1,358 1,443 1,528 1,613 1,698
2,500
386
463
540
617
694
772
849
926 1,003 1,080 1,157 1,235 1,312 1,389 1,466 1,543
2,250
347
417
486
556
625
694
764
833
903
972 1,042 1,111 1,181 1,250 1,319 1,389
2,000
309
370
432
494
556
617
679
741
802
864
926
988 1,049 1,111 1,173 1,235
1,750
270
324
378
432
486
540
594
648
702
756
810
864
918
972 1,026 1,080
1,500
231
278
324
370
417
463
509
556
602
648
694
741
787
833
880
926
1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 3,800 4,000
Hours colder -8C
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Step 2 – ELC capacity required for local temperature Pump Flow – determine the pump flow from the largest pump in the plant system Average Temperature for Study Period – From Weather Service determine average temperature for study period Cooling Factor – Divide AVTP by (-8) this number is the Cooling Factor. Divide the Pump Flow by Cooling Factor This number will be the flow capacity required for the ELC. You will require an ELC which has the determined flow capacity with (delta t) of 1.5 degrees at air temperature of -8 and supply temperature of -5C Example: If your arena brine pump is 800 gpm (gallons per minute) and average temperature is –9.5 then the cooler capacity required is 675 gpm. Cooler Capacity required Pump Flow 1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
941
889
842
800
762
727
696
667
950
950
950
950
950
950
894
844
800
760
724
691
661
633
900
900
900
900
900
900
847
800
758
720
686
655
626
600
850
850
850
850
850
850
800
756
716
680
648
618
591
567
800
800
800
800
800
800
753
711
674
640
610
582
557
533
750
750
750
750
750
750
706
667
632
600
571
545
522
500
700
700
700
700
700
700
659
622
589
560
533
509
487
467
650
650
650
650
650
650
612
578
547
520
495
473
452
433
600
600
600
600
600
600
565
533
505
480
457
436
417
400
550
550
550
550
550
550
518
489
463
440
419
400
383
367
500
500
500
500
500
500
471
444
421
400
381
364
348
333
450
450
450
450
450
450
424
400
379
360
343
327
313
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
376
356
337
320
305
291
278
267
350
350
350
350
350
350
329
311
295
280
267
255
243
233
300
300
300
300
300
300
282
267
253
240
229
218
209
200
(6.0)
(6.5)
(7.0)
(7.5)
(8.0)
(8.5)
(9.0)
(9.5) (10.0) (10.5) (11.0) (11.5) (12.0)
Average Temperature Nov. 1 ~ Feb. 28
Step 3 – Economic feasibility model – regarding environmental, mechanical financial factors Net Amps – Find the difference in amperage required for compressors / condenser and the ELC fan. ELC Equipment Cost – determine price of equipment from ELC Capacity at equipment supplier ELC Installation Cost – cost of equipment installation from qualified contractor
19
ELC Control Cost – cost of integrated controls system ECL TOTAL Cost – Add ELC E plus ELC I plus ELC C ELC Savings Hourly – From chart below ELC Savings- equals ELC Savings Hourly times “Potential Savings - Total Compressor Hours–”
Cost /KWH
ElectricalSavings per hour
0.05
$2.24
$2.69
$3.13
$3.58
$4.03
$4.48
$4.92
$5.37
$5.82
$6.27
$6.71
$7.16
$7.61
$8.06
0.06
$2.69
$3.22
$3.76
$4.30
$4.83
$5.37
$5.91
$6.45
$6.98
$7.52
$8.06
$8.59
$9.13
$9.67 $10.21
0.07
$3.13
$3.76
$4.39
$5.01
$5.64
$6.27
$6.89
$7.52
$8.15
$8.77
$9.40 $10.03 $10.65 $11.28 $11.91
0.08
$3.58
$4.30
$5.01
$5.73
$6.45
$7.16
$7.88
$8.59
$9.31 $10.03 $10.74 $11.46 $12.18 $12.89 $13.61
0.09
$4.03
$4.83
$5.64
$6.45
$7.25
$8.06
$8.86
$9.67 $10.47 $11.28 $12.09 $12.89 $13.70 $14.50 $15.31
0.10
$4.48
$5.37
$6.27
$7.16
$8.06
$8.95
$9.85 $10.74 $11.64 $12.53 $13.43 $14.32 $15.22 $16.11 $17.01
0.11
$4.92
$5.91
$6.89
$7.88
$8.86
$9.85 $10.83 $11.82 $12.80 $13.79 $14.77 $15.76 $16.74 $17.73 $18.71
0.12
$5.37
$6.45
$7.52
$8.59
$9.67 $10.74 $11.82 $12.89 $13.97 $15.04 $16.11 $17.19 $18.26 $19.34 $20.41
0.13
$5.82
$6.98
$8.15
$9.31 $10.47 $11.64 $12.80 $13.97 $15.13 $16.29 $17.46 $18.62 $19.79 $20.95 $22.11
0.14
$6.27
$7.52
$8.77 $10.03 $11.28 $12.53 $13.79 $15.04 $16.29 $17.55 $18.80 $20.05 $21.31 $22.56 $23.81
0.15
$6.71
$8.06
$9.40 $10.74 $12.09 $13.43 $14.77 $16.11 $17.46 $18.80 $20.14 $21.49 $22.83 $24.17 $25.52
0.16
$7.16
$8.59 $10.03 $11.46 $12.89 $14.32 $15.76 $17.19 $18.62 $20.05 $21.49 $22.92 $24.35 $25.78 $27.22
0.17
$7.61
$9.13 $10.65 $12.18 $13.70 $15.22 $16.74 $18.26 $19.79 $21.31 $22.83 $24.35 $25.87 $27.40 $28.92
0.18
$8.06
$9.67 $11.28 $12.89 $14.50 $16.11 $17.73 $19.34 $20.95 $22.56 $24.17 $25.78 $27.40 $29.01 $30.62
0.19
$8.51 $10.21 $11.91 $13.61 $15.31 $17.01 $18.71 $20.41 $22.11 $23.81 $25.52 $27.22 $28.92 $30.62 $32.32 50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
110.0
120.0
130.0
140.0
150.0
160.0
170.0
180.0
Net Amps Feasibility Calculation: Simple Cost Recovery is ECL TOTAL Cost divided by ELC Savings-. Example: From Fairview’s data we can calculate the economic feasibility of an ELC: Fairview net amps were measured at a difference of approximately 80 amps and their electrical price is close to .08 per kwh. ELC Cost – $25,000.00 (as part of this study) ELC SVG – 1,103 hours x $5.73 = $6,320. per season Simple payback from power = $25,000 / $6,320 = 3.9 Years Factors such as reduced wear and tear on equipment, belts, motors, etc. is another important factor not included in the equation above. Typically compressors are rebuilt after a set number of run hours, therefore there will be reduced compressor re-builds from the ELC. Increased life of refrigeration plant is also significant, but varies with every site, so is not part of the above calculation.
20
$8.51
190.0
11. Conclusions 1. All arenas can significantly benefit from energy management and in many communities this could be the difference of keeping them open at all 2. The Enviro-Liquid Cooler is effective when the outdoor air temperature is 4C lower than the ice setpoint 3. The “ELC” becomes more effective as the spread between outdoor air temperature and ice setpoint increases 4. The “ELC” must be integrated with the compressor system through controls 5. The “ELC” is environmentally sensitive. It operates more quietly than a typical condenser and reduces electrical consumption of the refrigeration plant when it is operating by 85-90% 6. The economic payback can be easily calculated by gathering some basic data: counting the hours of suitably cold temperature determining the operating parameters of the arena utility cost All “ELC” & Rink Pro Energy Systems installed in North-Central Alberta have 5-year or less payback.
21
Federation of Canadian Municipalities by
Alta-West Group Ltd. Rick Owen
Project #7104 Final Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Executive Summary
2. Introduction
3. Purpose of Project
4. Description of Project
5. Benefits Environmental Social 6. Results Stettler Fairview Whitecourt 7. Future Expansions
8. Recommendations
9. Who Can Benefit from an Enviro-Cooler?
10. Municipal Guide for Economic Benefit of ELC
11. Conclusions
12. Carbon Lifecycle study – Pembina Institute 2
1. Executive Summary Energy conservation has been identified as a priority both at the federal as well as the provincial level. Municipalities are continually challenged to ensure sports and recreation opportunities remain accessible and affordable within their local communities. The cost of running sports facilities such as ice arenas is a major expense for municipal governments. This project is designed to reduce energy costs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of ice available to the end users, the public. This report will summarize the results and identify energy savings realized by three communities in Alberta that installed the Enviro-liquid Cooler (ELC) as part of their energy management program for ice arenas. The ELC was installed in the towns of Stettler, Whitecourt and Fairview with significant cost savings for each. (Whitecourt 30.1%, Fairview 43.1%, Stettler 45%) The implementation, management and evaluation of this initiative will be described in this report.
2. Introduction This project was conducted through a partnership between two companies with complimentary knowledge and expertise in energy management and manufacturing. Rink Pro Controls brings the knowledge and expertise in installing and operating control systems in arenas for all forms of energy control. The second company, #1141171 Alberta Ltd., brings the capability of manufacturing the Enviro Liquid Coolers. Rink Pro Controls
Company Profile: Rick Owen – Controls representative. Mr. Owen has collected and analyzed arena energy use data from Stettler arena and nine other comparable arenas in Alberta for the last several years. Daryl Lieb – Controls programmer. Mr. Leib has fifteen years experience in arena and refrigeration controls, with installations numbering in the hundreds and spread around the world. Norm Hamilton - #1141171 Alberta Ltd. Mr. Hamilton developed and manages a manufacturing business in the oil business. Andy Vanderlee - #1141171 Alberta Ltd. Mr. Vanderlee developed and manages a manufacturing business in the oil business.
3
Acknowledgements: The project manager for this initiative wishes to acknowledge the courage and patience of the staff of the three communities involved in this pilot project. Their support and cooperation were invaluable to the success of this undertaking.
Stettler Lee Penner, Recreation Department 48450 50 Street, Stettler, Alberta T0C 2L1 Work Phone: (403) 742-4411 Fax Number: (403) 742-3480 Population; 5200
Fairview Gord McLeod, Recreation department P.O box 730, Fairview, Alberta T7P 2K3 Work Phone: (780) 835-5467 Fax Number: (780) 835-3576
Whitecourt Jay Granley, Director of Community Services Box 509, Whitecourt, Alberta T7S 1N6 Work Phone: (780) 778-6610 Fax Number: (780) 778-2062
3. Purpose of the Project The purpose of this pilot project was to compare compressor runtime before and after installation of an Enviro-liquid Cooler. This reduction in compressor time was then translated into cost savings for each community involved due to decreased energy use.
Background Rink Pro Controls specializes in energy management in arenas/recreation facilities, particularly in Alberta. Typically, the operating cost of the recreation facility is one of the largest items in municipal budgets, and there was significant interest in any technologies which could reduce these escalating operating expenses. The oil & gas industry is an economic leader in Alberta with expertise in processes related to cooling and energy transfer. The partnership between Rink Pro controls and the founders of Stettler Oil and
4
Gas combines technology of energy management in Alberta arenas with oil field expertise in cooling and energy transfer. This combination of knowledge and skills will be key to dramatic improvements in the operating costs of arena cooling systems where the climate is suitable.
Enviro-Cooler Installations in Alberta
1. Stettler
Fairview
2. Ponoka 3. Whitecourt Whitecourt
Mallaig St. Paul
Edmonton
4. Fairview 5. St. Paul 6. Vegreville
Red Deer Stettler
7. Mallaig Edmonton, Calgary, Red Deer
Calgary
The facilities involved in this study are a typical cross-section of arenas found across Canada. Stettler is a twin arena built in 1997. It has seating capacity of 2,000 in one side and 400 on the other rink. It operates from October until March with both rinks and 1 rink is operated from August for a hockey school. Whitecourt is a twin arena similar in size to Stettler but more than 20 years old. It operates the same time periods as Stettler. Fairview is an arena and separate 4-sheet curling building which share the same ice plant. The facility runs from September to March.
5
4. Description of the Project An extensive review of the literature was conducted by experts from the National Research Council of Edmonton in the areas of research and energy conservation. This search revealed very little work done in this area. Experts from CANMET Energy Technology Centre found similar results. Given the lack of existing studies on efforts to reduce energy use in ice arenas, the need to pursue such an initiative was clearly evident. This project takes the existing cooling technology of compressors and condensers used by most arenas in Alberta, and integrates that with the Enviro-Liquid Cooler to optimize energy efficiency through outside natural cooling and energy transfer. The towns of Stettler, Whitecourt and Fairview committed to work with Rink Pro Controls to be part of a pilot project which integrates the ELC into their existing energy management program. The hypothesis was that the ELC would utilize outside air to maintain the ice temperatures ideal for recreational use when outside climate was suitable to do so. The ELC is a large cooling system that is installed outside an arena and circulates the rink brine solution through it to take advantage of cold air temperatures to support the cooling efforts of existing compressors and condensers to maintain ice temperatures. By controlling a variable valve to divert brine solution through the ELC when the air temperature is colder than the ice set point, the brine will be cooled without the use of the compressor and condenser. The energy demand of the ELC will be approximately 10% compared to the current operational demands of the compressor system. The ELC is controlled through the Rink Pro arena energy management system. The ELC is designed to handle the corrosive brine solution under high pressure within a stainless steel or aluminum system. The life span of this equipment is equal to that of the arena. All pipes carrying the solution to and from the arena are PVC quality tubing. Sensors are placed along the system to monitor flow and temperature of the solution. If problems arise in the system such as a leak or drop in temperature, the control system sends out an immediate to alarm to the local alarm company as well as on call staff for the arena. The unit in operation should extend the life span of the existing compressors and condensers by ensuring reduced wear and tear on the existing system. Therefore in addition to direct energy savings, the reduction in compressor runtime will save in maintenance and refrigerator plant longevity. The photographs below illustrate the ELC installation in this project. The results described in this report are for the 2005-2006 season. It is interesting to note that Alberta experienced one of the warmest winters in recorded history during this time. The ELC requires temperatures below -
6
10C to operate and the efficiency increases as temperatures drop. The results outlined in this project are therefore conservative at best. In simply comparing compressor runtime before the installation of the Rink Pro Control system and the ELC with those after the addition of this technology we found significant savings. Fairview saw a reduction of 43.1%, Stettler 45% and Whitecourt 30.1% reductions in runtimes. In presenting the results of this project, these reductions have been presented in the following tables as well as cost savings realized by each community. Stettler
When installing a device such as the Enviro-Liquid Cooler many issues must be considered. It became evident that the ELC is designed to compliment an existing energy management system. The ELC has variable cooling capacity depending on the difference between the outdoor air temperature and the ice set point. The brine used is typically a calcium chloride mixture. Because this brine has a “freezing point” which sits usually between -15 and -20 oC, if the outdoor air temperature falls below this, accommodations must be made. Finally we must consider that the operation of the ELC must compliment the existing compressor system and must operate automatically for maximum efficiency. The issues identified with the ELC have been resolved with basic modifications to the system. ELC cannot stand alone since the temperature is variable, so it must be integrated into existing system.
7
ELC has variable cooling capacity depending upon the difference between the outdoor air temperature and the ice set point. The brine used is typically a calcium chloride mixture which is very toxic. The brine has a “freezing point” which is usually between -15 & -20 C. If the outdoor air temperature falls below this, accommodations must be made. The operation of the ELC must not negatively affect the existing compressor system and must operate automatically or the efficiency will decline.
8
Costs of the Projects and Funding Sources: Item
Description
Installation
Concrete slab,crane,plumbing,electrical,fencing
$69,000
Unit Rental
Rental of enviro-liquid-coolers
$36,000
Programming costs
Writing the control programs for the units
$15,000
On site maintainance
Continual fine tuning and alterations
$15,000
Administration
Applications,data gathering, data reporting
$15,000
Total Eligible Expenses
Amount
$150,000
9
5. Benefits Environmental What we propose is an addition to an existing system. Presently arenas pump a brine solution through a system of pipes running through the concrete slab under the ice, this solution is cooler than the ice so it removes the heat from the ice and thus controls the ice temperature. The brine is circulated back into an equipment room where it is run through large compressors and a condenser system. This system removes the heat from the brine and exits it out through a condenser. The cooled brine is then routed back through the cement slab. Set points and temperature sensors determine how often the compressors come on in order to keep the brine at the appropriate temperature in order to cool the ice to the appropriate temperature. Our proposal would see us routing the brine outside of the arena and utilizing outside temperatures to cool the brine without the use of the compressors. These compressors are the largest consumers of power within the system. By utilizing outside temperatures we can limit electrical usage and wear and tear on the compressors. The environmental benefits are in the reduction of electrical power consumption at the arena level. The reduction of power consumption then equates to a reduction in coal usage for the generation of power. To monitor the power consumption, at present, all arenas have the ability to generate compressor run time reports that will tell us how often and for how long the compressors come on at the arena. By knowing the present consumption of power and then tracking the consumption after the installation of the Enviro-liquid Cooler we can show the power savings. These savings are sustainable as long as refrigeration is used to make ice in arenas and as long as we have winters.
Pollutant
Unit of Measure
Quantity
Percentage Variance
Electrical power
KWh
192,000
45%
Green House Gases
Tonnes
128
45%
*Numbers are for twin arenas
10
Social Presently arena costs are calculated and then used to determine ice costs for all events at the arena; teams and clubs must then come up with the dollars to use the arena. Fewer costs will equate to a greater use of the arena and less hardship for local clubs and individuals. The capital costs of equipment for arenas comes from tax payer dollars so any extension in the life of the arena equipment will reduce the level of taxes required to keep the arena in operation. The reduction in power consumption not only saves dollars for the municipalities but is also reduces green house gases, as mentioned before this will amount to 147 tonnes per twin arena per year. The intangible effect from this technology is the “good feeling” in a community from knowing that on those bitterly cold days, you are reaping energy and savings from it. For example, the people who ride their bicycles in difficult conditions gain a satisfaction for doing this activity.
6. Results
Fairview Table #1 Average Temperature oC (Nov-Feb)
2003
2004
-8.8
-11.9
2005
-9.7
2006
Total Change
-6.9
Compressor Hours
3125.0 2384.0 2321.9 1828.1 1297.0 Year to Year Change
23.7% Compressor Hours Feb 1-Mar 20* Year to Year Change Feb 1 – Mar 20
1014.0 875.0 13.7%
2.6%
21.3%
41.5%
848.7
577.2
437.0
3.0%
32.0%
43.1%
#1 The Rink Pro Energy Management System was installed in the Fairview arena in December of 2003. The Enviro-Cooler was not operational until Feb.1 of 2006. For the purpose of comparing changes in compressor runtime, the Year to Year Change Feb 1 – Mar 20 (above) is the most revealing. We see a 13.7% reduction in 2004 and a further 3% in 2005 from energy management alone. With the addition of the ELC an additional saving of 32% is realized. The package of controls and ELC provide an overall reduction of 41.5% or 1,297 compressor hours per season!
11
Stettler Table #2 Average Temperature oC (Nov –Feb) Total Compressor Hours
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
-8.0
-7.0
-8.8
-7.7
-4.7
4,899
3,013
2,816 2,745 2,696
38.5%
6.5%
Year to Year Change
2.5%
Total Change
1.8%
2,203 45%
#2 The Rink Pro Energy Management System was installed in the Stettler arena in July of 2002. An early version of the ELC was installed in January of 2004 and improved upon each year since. This arena is the furthest south in the study and the warmest average outdoor temperature. The complete package of control and ELC again achieved a very large overall saving of 45% or 2,203 compressor hours! In this case, an initial 38.5% saving came from our energy management system and this was reduced by a further 11% from the ELC. The ELC requires cold temperatures to be effective and these results came with the warmest winter in Alberta’s history.
Whitecourt Table #3 2004
2005
2006
Average Temperature oC (Nov-Feb)
-8.5
-6.6
-5.4
Total Compressor Hours
3,606
2,783
2,496
Total Change
1,110
Year to Year Change
22.8% 10.3% 30.8% #3 The Rink Pro Energy Management System was installed in the Whitecourt arena for the 2005 season. We track energy use at more than 20 arenas and this arena operates the most efficiently. Their air temperatures are cooler than most and they closely monitor ice temperatures and humidity to match with activity. This chart shows Rink Pro controls reduced compressor time by 22.8% the initial year and the ELC addition reduced compressor times by another 10.3%. Again, the warm (record) winter temperatures hindered the effectiveness of the ELC, but an overall reduction of 30.8% was achieved.
12
Fairview Table #4
Feb. 25
Fri
Feb. 26
Sat
Feb. 27
Sun
Feb. 28
Mon
Mar.1
Tue Total ELC Reduction
Compressor hours 2005 15.5 15.9 14.8 19.7 14.5 80.4
Compressor hours 2006 5.1 5.7 4.8 5.1 6.9 27.6
Outdoor Air Temp -15.8 -21.0 -19.3 -14.5 -14.0
Feb. 24 Feb. 25 Feb. 26 Feb. 27 Feb. 28
65.7%
#4
This chart illustrates the effectiveness of the ELC when conditions are cold. As you can see, compressor runtime is reduced by 65.7% from the same days of the previous year.
Stettler Table #5 Energy Kilowatt hours
Compressor Outdoor Temp hours
Energy Kilowatt hours
Compressor hours Outdoor Temp
2005 2006 9-Jan Sun 409 0.2 -23.5 1628 -0.2 Mon. 10-Jan Mon 654 4.2 -20.0 1527 -4.3 Tue 11-Jan Tue 728 5.2 -17.2 1614 -5.1 Wed 12-Jan Wed 389 0 -25.7 1347 -7.4 Thu 13-Jan Thu 391 0 -30.9 2133 -8.2 Fri 14-Jan Fri 389 0 -27.5 2314 -11.2 Sat 15-Jan Sat 417 0.1 -25.2 2316 -6.9 Sun Total 3,377 9.7 12,879 166 ELC Reduction 73.8% 156 hours #5 This chart shows the energy use of the ice plant. In the 2005 column the outdoor air temperature is significantly colder and energy consumption is reduced by 73.8% and compressor runtime is reduced by 94%!
13
7. Future Expansion There are 350 recreation facilities spread throughout Alberta with ice surfaces and 3,500 facilities across Canada. This technology will have application in all of them that have the suitable climate. In Alberta, that means more than 50% of them. With the high cost of utilities in Alberta, this technology might be the difference of keeping many of the rural curling and hockey arenas open. Once this pilot study is complete, the technology could be very easily adapted to any ice arena. We will develop an economic model which incorporates the environmental, cost, and mechanical factors. With the data collected from this study, any arena would be able to plug in their facility information and see immediately the potential cost benefit of installing an Enviro-liquid cooler. Canada has a cold climate and we should be leaders in the field of utilizing this climate to our advantage.
8. Recommendations The following chart demonstrates the arena conditions at several sites around Alberta for the 2006 season. The 3 sites of our study plus St. Paul all have the ELC installed. I include St. Paul results for last year for additional information, since they had the Rink Pro Energy Management System and ELC installed August, 2005.
Rink Pro Customer Energy Data Municipality Energy Whitecourt St. Paul Stettler B-1 Whitecourt Stettler E F G-1 H I-1 G-2 I-2 Average
521 712 769 785 838 840 840 870 999 1336 1402 1408 1545 746.5
ice temp 20.7 20.7 20.6 21.6 20.6 19.8 18.2 18.4 19.7 19.5 18.2 15.9 18.7 21.0
Arenas warmest ice temp rank air temp 3 4 6 1 5 7 13 11 8 9 12 14 10
2.5 2.5 4.8 5.6 1.9 3.9 -0.1 3.0 7.8 3.4 9.7 2.4 3.4
–
2006
coldest air temp rank 5 4 10 11 2 8 1 6
efficiency 8.5 8.5 10.8 9.6 7.9 11.9 10 13
12 15.8 7 13.4 13 25.7 3 12.4 >12 Efficiency Rating
14
Muni J K L Fairview N O P Q Average
Energy 436 477 485 577 609 840 999 1017 516.8
ice temp 22.0 21.2 22.2 20.6 19.9 19.2 20.2 13.9 21.2
"Shell Arenas" ice temp rank air temp air temp rank efficiency 2 -1.4 4 2 3 1.4 5 5.4 1 3.1 6 5.1 4 -1.5 3 6 6 -2.8 2 8 7 4.0 8 12 5 3.1 7 9.1 8 -5.0 1 18 -0.2 >9 Efficiency Rating
Curling Rinks kwh/sht ice temp ice temp rank air temp air temp rank efficiency ./mo. G 1959 J 2205 21.5 2 1.0 1 5 P 2486 21.4 5 2.5 3 6.5 Fairview 3049 21.3 3 4.0 5 8 C 3080 22.0 1 4.1 7 6.1 K 3176 20.8 4 5.4 9 11.4 F 3211 18.8 9 7.4 11 17.4 N 3347 19.7 6 2.7 4 12.7 B 3549 17.9 10 2.0 2 12 L 3645 19.0 7 3.8 8 11.8 O 6981 19.0 8 4.2 7 12.2 Q 8982 16.4 11 7.0 10 21 Average 2555.8 21.6 2.9 >9 Efficiency Rating 1. Energy in top 2 tables is average kilowatt hours (ice plant only) used for 1 arena ice surface per month 2. Energy in last table is kilowatt hours (ice plant only) used for 1 sheet of curling ice per month 3. Efficiency is an arbitrary rating created by Rink Pro for comparison purposes only “Shell” arenas is a term for arenas in smaller towns with limited fan seating Muni
The operating cost of an arena is directly linked to the environmental set points, that is ice temperature, air temperature, humidity and a variety of other variables. Most or all can be controlled and adjusted for maximum efficiency. It is evident that the possible savings for municipalities in operating recreational facilities is enormous and needs to be pursued to ensure on going sustainability of sports centers across this province.
15
St. Paul
Compressor Hours - 2004 season - Sept.22 - Mar. 12 = 1,669 Hrs Compressor Hours - 2006 season - Sept.22 - Mar. 12 = 755 Hrs Reduction - 54.8%
Utility Savings Total from Library, Arena, Rec. Centre Total from Ice Plant, Rec. Centre 6 Month total change in utility cost
$20,034.86 (Heating) $15,082.83 (Electric) $35,117.69
16
9. Can You Benefit from an Enviro-Cooler? How can you decide if an outside Enviro-Cooler makes good business sense? Every recreation facility is unique. The many factors affecting each site must be taken into consideration and therefore requires a specific energy audit. 1. Operating Cost Savings Model If you are within the category, it is worth your time and effort to research this technology. The simple criteria for cost effective savings with an Enviro-Cooler are as follows: Price of power Price of Enviro-Cooler installed Refrigeration plant power consumption (during suitable climate period) Total hours of temperature below ice set point temperature per season In general terms, the following parameters can be a guideline: 1. you require an average temperature from November 1 – March30 of -7c or colder Example of climate from Canada Climate Data City Average Temperature - 2005 Calgary -5.9 Edmonton -9.7 Saskatoon -11.7 Regina -10.9 Winnipeg -11.9 Sudbury -8.4 Toronto -2.8 Yellowknife -21.9 2. Cost of your refrigeration plant only is greater than $20,000.00 2. Facility Enhancement Model The other facilities that can tremendously benefit from this technology are the older facilities, typically with undersized refrigeration plants and a tight budget. In these instances, provided they have a suitable climate, the cost of installation of a smaller, single rink Cooler, could extend the existing compressor equipment’s life indefinitely. The cost of a single rink cooler should be 60-80% less than a new compressor package.
17
10. Municipal Guide for Economic Benefit of ELC Municipalities can go through the following steps to determine the potential value of an ELC for each of their facilities. Step 1 – “Potential Savings - Total Compressor Hours–” Ambient Air Temperature colder than –8C - From the Canadian Weather Service get number of hours colder than -8C (typically – Nov.1 – Mar.15 except in Northern sites) Comp hrs. - From refrigeration plant records get number of compressor hours for the same period Hours - Total number of hours in period of interest Divide Comp Hrs. by Hours = Comp Factor Multiply the Ambient Air Temperature colder than –8C times Comp Factor This number will be the “Total Compressor Hours – Potential Savings” Example: Fairview had total compressor hours of 3,265 and had 2,200 hours of weather colder than –8c. This gives them the potential savings of Period between November 1 ~ March 15 Compressor hours 6,000
926 1,111 1,296 1,481 1,667 1,852 2,037 2,222 2,407 2,593 2,778 2,963 3,148 3,333 3,519 3,704
5,750
887 1,065 1,242 1,420 1,597 1,775 1,952 2,130 2,307 2,485 2,662 2,840 3,017 3,194 3,372 3,549
5,500
849 1,019 1,188 1,358 1,528 1,698 1,867 2,037 2,207 2,377 2,546 2,716 2,886 3,056 3,225 3,395
5,250
810
972 1,134 1,296 1,458 1,620 1,782 1,944 2,106 2,269 2,431 2,593 2,755 2,917 3,079 3,241
5,000
772
926 1,080 1,235 1,389 1,543 1,698 1,852 2,006 2,160 2,315 2,469 2,623 2,778 2,932 3,086
4,750
733
880 1,026 1,173 1,319 1,466 1,613 1,759 1,906 2,052 2,199 2,346 2,492 2,639 2,785 2,932
4,500
694
833
972 1,111 1,250 1,389 1,528 1,667 1,806 1,944 2,083 2,222 2,361 2,500 2,639 2,778
4,250
656
787
918 1,049 1,181 1,312 1,443 1,574 1,705 1,836 1,968 2,099 2,230 2,361 2,492 2,623
4,000
617
741
864
988 1,111 1,235 1,358 1,481 1,605 1,728 1,852 1,975 2,099 2,222 2,346 2,469
3,750
579
694
810
926 1,042 1,157 1,273 1,389 1,505 1,620 1,736 1,852 1,968 2,083 2,199 2,315
3,500
540
648
756
864
972 1,080 1,188 1,296 1,404 1,512 1,620 1,728 1,836 1,944 2,052 2,160
3,250
502
602
702
802
903 1,003 1,103 1,204 1,304 1,404 1,505 1,605 1,705 1,806 1,906 2,006
3,000
463
556
648
741
833
926 1,019 1,111 1,204 1,296 1,389 1,481 1,574 1,667 1,759 1,852
2,750
424
509
594
679
764
849
934 1,019 1,103 1,188 1,273 1,358 1,443 1,528 1,613 1,698
2,500
386
463
540
617
694
772
849
926 1,003 1,080 1,157 1,235 1,312 1,389 1,466 1,543
2,250
347
417
486
556
625
694
764
833
903
972 1,042 1,111 1,181 1,250 1,319 1,389
2,000
309
370
432
494
556
617
679
741
802
864
926
988 1,049 1,111 1,173 1,235
1,750
270
324
378
432
486
540
594
648
702
756
810
864
918
972 1,026 1,080
1,500
231
278
324
370
417
463
509
556
602
648
694
741
787
833
880
926
1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 3,800 4,000
Hours colder -8C
18
Step 2 – ELC capacity required for local temperature Pump Flow – determine the pump flow from the largest pump in the plant system Average Temperature for Study Period – From Weather Service determine average temperature for study period Cooling Factor – Divide AVTP by (-8) this number is the Cooling Factor. Divide the Pump Flow by Cooling Factor This number will be the flow capacity required for the ELC. You will require an ELC which has the determined flow capacity with (delta t) of 1.5 degrees at air temperature of -8 and supply temperature of -5C Example: If your arena brine pump is 800 gpm (gallons per minute) and average temperature is –9.5 then the cooler capacity required is 675 gpm. Cooler Capacity required Pump Flow 1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
941
889
842
800
762
727
696
667
950
950
950
950
950
950
894
844
800
760
724
691
661
633
900
900
900
900
900
900
847
800
758
720
686
655
626
600
850
850
850
850
850
850
800
756
716
680
648
618
591
567
800
800
800
800
800
800
753
711
674
640
610
582
557
533
750
750
750
750
750
750
706
667
632
600
571
545
522
500
700
700
700
700
700
700
659
622
589
560
533
509
487
467
650
650
650
650
650
650
612
578
547
520
495
473
452
433
600
600
600
600
600
600
565
533
505
480
457
436
417
400
550
550
550
550
550
550
518
489
463
440
419
400
383
367
500
500
500
500
500
500
471
444
421
400
381
364
348
333
450
450
450
450
450
450
424
400
379
360
343
327
313
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
376
356
337
320
305
291
278
267
350
350
350
350
350
350
329
311
295
280
267
255
243
233
300
300
300
300
300
300
282
267
253
240
229
218
209
200
(6.0)
(6.5)
(7.0)
(7.5)
(8.0)
(8.5)
(9.0)
(9.5) (10.0) (10.5) (11.0) (11.5) (12.0)
Average Temperature Nov. 1 ~ Feb. 28
Step 3 – Economic feasibility model – regarding environmental, mechanical financial factors Net Amps – Find the difference in amperage required for compressors / condenser and the ELC fan. ELC Equipment Cost – determine price of equipment from ELC Capacity at equipment supplier ELC Installation Cost – cost of equipment installation from qualified contractor
19
ELC Control Cost – cost of integrated controls system ECL TOTAL Cost – Add ELC E plus ELC I plus ELC C ELC Savings Hourly – From chart below ELC Savings- equals ELC Savings Hourly times “Potential Savings - Total Compressor Hours–”
Cost /KWH
ElectricalSavings per hour
0.05
$2.24
$2.69
$3.13
$3.58
$4.03
$4.48
$4.92
$5.37
$5.82
$6.27
$6.71
$7.16
$7.61
$8.06
0.06
$2.69
$3.22
$3.76
$4.30
$4.83
$5.37
$5.91
$6.45
$6.98
$7.52
$8.06
$8.59
$9.13
$9.67 $10.21
0.07
$3.13
$3.76
$4.39
$5.01
$5.64
$6.27
$6.89
$7.52
$8.15
$8.77
$9.40 $10.03 $10.65 $11.28 $11.91
0.08
$3.58
$4.30
$5.01
$5.73
$6.45
$7.16
$7.88
$8.59
$9.31 $10.03 $10.74 $11.46 $12.18 $12.89 $13.61
0.09
$4.03
$4.83
$5.64
$6.45
$7.25
$8.06
$8.86
$9.67 $10.47 $11.28 $12.09 $12.89 $13.70 $14.50 $15.31
0.10
$4.48
$5.37
$6.27
$7.16
$8.06
$8.95
$9.85 $10.74 $11.64 $12.53 $13.43 $14.32 $15.22 $16.11 $17.01
0.11
$4.92
$5.91
$6.89
$7.88
$8.86
$9.85 $10.83 $11.82 $12.80 $13.79 $14.77 $15.76 $16.74 $17.73 $18.71
0.12
$5.37
$6.45
$7.52
$8.59
$9.67 $10.74 $11.82 $12.89 $13.97 $15.04 $16.11 $17.19 $18.26 $19.34 $20.41
0.13
$5.82
$6.98
$8.15
$9.31 $10.47 $11.64 $12.80 $13.97 $15.13 $16.29 $17.46 $18.62 $19.79 $20.95 $22.11
0.14
$6.27
$7.52
$8.77 $10.03 $11.28 $12.53 $13.79 $15.04 $16.29 $17.55 $18.80 $20.05 $21.31 $22.56 $23.81
0.15
$6.71
$8.06
$9.40 $10.74 $12.09 $13.43 $14.77 $16.11 $17.46 $18.80 $20.14 $21.49 $22.83 $24.17 $25.52
0.16
$7.16
$8.59 $10.03 $11.46 $12.89 $14.32 $15.76 $17.19 $18.62 $20.05 $21.49 $22.92 $24.35 $25.78 $27.22
0.17
$7.61
$9.13 $10.65 $12.18 $13.70 $15.22 $16.74 $18.26 $19.79 $21.31 $22.83 $24.35 $25.87 $27.40 $28.92
0.18
$8.06
$9.67 $11.28 $12.89 $14.50 $16.11 $17.73 $19.34 $20.95 $22.56 $24.17 $25.78 $27.40 $29.01 $30.62
0.19
$8.51 $10.21 $11.91 $13.61 $15.31 $17.01 $18.71 $20.41 $22.11 $23.81 $25.52 $27.22 $28.92 $30.62 $32.32 50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
110.0
120.0
130.0
140.0
150.0
160.0
170.0
180.0
Net Amps Feasibility Calculation: Simple Cost Recovery is ECL TOTAL Cost divided by ELC Savings-. Example: From Fairview’s data we can calculate the economic feasibility of an ELC: Fairview net amps were measured at a difference of approximately 80 amps and their electrical price is close to .08 per kwh. ELC Cost – $25,000.00 (as part of this study) ELC SVG – 1,103 hours x $5.73 = $6,320. per season Simple payback from power = $25,000 / $6,320 = 3.9 Years Factors such as reduced wear and tear on equipment, belts, motors, etc. is another important factor not included in the equation above. Typically compressors are rebuilt after a set number of run hours, therefore there will be reduced compressor re-builds from the ELC. Increased life of refrigeration plant is also significant, but varies with every site, so is not part of the above calculation.
20
$8.51
190.0
11. Conclusions 1. All arenas can significantly benefit from energy management and in many communities this could be the difference of keeping them open at all 2. The Enviro-Liquid Cooler is effective when the outdoor air temperature is 4C lower than the ice setpoint 3. The “ELC” becomes more effective as the spread between outdoor air temperature and ice setpoint increases 4. The “ELC” must be integrated with the compressor system through controls 5. The “ELC” is environmentally sensitive. It operates more quietly than a typical condenser and reduces electrical consumption of the refrigeration plant when it is operating by 85-90% 6. The economic payback can be easily calculated by gathering some basic data: counting the hours of suitably cold temperature determining the operating parameters of the arena utility cost All “ELC” & Rink Pro Energy Systems installed in North-Central Alberta have 5-year or less payback.
21
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