Familiarization And Measurements (activity 1 And Expt. 1)

PHYSICS I DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE

ACTIVITY 1

FAMILIARIZATION OF APPARATUS AND INSTRUMENTS USED IN PHYSICS LABORATORY I. OBJECTIVE 1. To be familiar with the different apparatus and instruments used in Physics laboratory. II. THEORY Physics is both an experimental and a theoretical science. Much of the theories are based on detailed experimental measurements. It would not be easy for scientist to determine any quantities without the aid of different laboratory instruments. Physics laboratory equipments comprise the various equipments, instruments, apparatuses used to perform experiments in different branches of physics. Physics laboratory equipments are needed and used in schools, colleges, research laboratories and many other places where physics is studied and researched upon. The different disciplines of physics are proved through experiments in a physics laboratory. III. MATERIALS Pencil Eraser

Ruler Different Apparatus in Physics

IV. PROCEDURE 1. Identify and sketch the apparatus that will be shown by your instructor. 2. Give the uses, description or principle of operations of each apparatus.

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DATA SHEET ACTIVITY 1 FAMILIARIZATION OF APPARATUS AND INSTRUMENTS USED IN PHYSICS LABORATORYORATORY Name: _______________________________________ Date Performed: __________________ Course/Year/Section: ___________________________ Date Submitted: ___________________ Group No.: ___________________ Laboratory Instructor: _______________________________ DATA AND RESULTS: Drawing

Name

Functions/Description

Ruler

Meter Stick

Steel Tape/ Tape Measure

Triple Beam Balance

Spring Balance

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Drawing

Name

Functions/Description

Top Loading Balance

Vernier Caliper

Micrometer Caliper

Force Table

Model Balance

Set of Weights

Weight Hanger

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Drawing

Name

Functions/Description

Super Pulley

Dynamic Track

Dynamic Cart

Stopwatch/ Timer

Iron Stand

Projectile Launcher/Toy Gun

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Drawing

Name

Functions/Description

Measurement Specimen

Atwood’s Machine

Angle Indicator

Protractor

GUIDE QUESTIONS: 1. 2.

Why do we need to be familiar with the different apparatus in laboratory? How can we maintain the good condition of laboratory apparatus?

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EXPERIMENT 1

UNITS AND MEASUREMENT I.

OBJECTIVES 1. To learn and identify quantities and their relation. 2. To compare measurements in metric and English system. 3. To measure various dimensions of an object using ruler, vernier caliper and micrometer caliper 4. To determine the volume and density of different materials

II. THEORY Physics is an experimental science. Experiments require measurements and we used numbers to describe the results of our measurements. Any numbers that is used to measure quantitatively is called physical quantity. When we measure quantity, we always compare it to some reference standard which defines the unit of the quantity. To make the measurement accurate and reliable, we need units of measurement that can be duplicated by observers in different locations. The system of units commonly used is called metric system, but since 1960 it has been known officially as International System or SI. Another system is the English system where we used foot, pounds, etc. Physical quantities can be basic like mass, length, time, etc. Combining two or more of the basic quantities will result to derived quantities like area, volume, density, speed, etc. III. MATERIALS 1 Vernier Caliper 1 Ruler 1 Metal Ball 1 Metal Block

1 Micrometer Caliper 1 Triple Beam Balance 1 Spring Balance

IV. PROCEDURE A. Determining the mass and weight 1. Prepare metal block and metal ball as specimens. 2. Using the triple beam balance, measure the mass of each specimen in grams. 3. Using a spring balance, determine the weight of each specimen in Newton. Determine the mass by converting Newton into grams.

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g=

___ N x 1000 9.8m/s2

4. Compare the mass obtained in steps 1 and 2. Compute for the percent difference. Record your data.

% difference =

mass(spring balance) - mass(triple beam balance)

x 100  mass(spring balance) + mass(triple beam balance)    2   B. Determining area and volume 1. Measure carefully the side of the metal block using ruler. Take the reading in inch. 2. Repeat the measurement using the vernier caliper in centimeter. 3. Find the ratio of an inch to a centimeter and compare with the accepted ratio. Compute for the percent error. % error =

computed ratio - accepted ratio accepted ratio

x 100

4. Compute for the area and volume using both system of measurement. Compare with the accepted ratio and compute for the percent error. 5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 but this time use a metal ball and measure its diameter. 6. Record your data. C. Determining density 1. Transfer your data on mass and volume to the last table. Choose the most precise data. Use the reading in triple beam balance and in vernier caliper. 2. Compute the experimental density. Compare with the accepted density. Experimental density =

mass,m volume,V

3. Record your data.

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DATA SHEET EXPERIMENT 1 UNITS AND MEASUREMENT Name: _______________________________________ Date Performed: __________________ Course/Year/Section: ___________________________ Date Submitted: ___________________ Group No.: ___________________ Laboratory Instructor: _______________________________ DATA AND RESULTS: A. Determining mass and weight Mass Specimen

Triple beam balance

Spring balance

Mass (grams)

Weight (Newtons)

Percentage Difference

Mass (grams)

Block Ball B. Determining Area and Volume Block Ruler Dimensions (inch) Length

Vernier Caliper (cm)

Computed Ratio

True Ratio 1 : 2.54

Width

1 : 2.54

Thickness

1 : 2.54

Area

1 : 6.45

Volume

1 : 16.39

Percent Error

Ball

Diameter

True Ratio 1 : 2.54

Volume

1 : 16.39

Dimensions

Ruler (inch)

Micrometer Caliper (cm)

Computed Ratio

Percent Error

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C. Determining density Specimen

Mass (grams)

Volume (cm3)

Experimental Density (g/cm3)

Accepted Density (g/cm3)

Percent Error

Block Ball GUIDE QUESTIONS: 1. Convert your mass in lb to kg. 2. Convert your age from years to days. 3. What are the factors that determine the density of an object?

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