Factorització

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Alumne(a): Observacions:

4eso…

FACTORITZACIÓ DE POLINOMIS mètodes que convé provar successivament (de l’1 al 5 per aquest ordre) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

treure factor comú diferència de quadrats trinomi quadrat perfecte polinomi de segon grau arrels enteres d’un polinomi (Ruffini)

ab+ac+ad = a(b+c+d) a2-b2 = (a+b)(a-b) a2 ± 2ab+b2 = (a ± b)2 ax2+bx+c = a(x-x1)(x-x2) si p(a) = 0 aleshores p(x)=(x-a)q(x)

1. Treu factor comú: 1.1) x2 – 5x

1.2) 2x3 – 3x2

1.3) 2x5 – 6x3 + x

1.4) 5x5 – x

2. Utilitza la fórmula “diferència de quadrats = suma per diferència” 2.1) 4x6 – 25

2.2) x6 – 4

2.3) x2 – 3

2.4) 16x4 – 4

3. Utilitza la forma “trinomi quadrat perfecte” 3.1) x2 + 4x + 4

3.2) 9x2 – 30x + 25

3.3) 16x6 + 8x3 + 1

3.4) x4 – 6x2 + 9

4. Utilitza les arrels d’un polinomi de segon grau 4.1) 2x2 – 7x + 3

4.2) 9x2 + 6x + 1

4.3) x2 + 7x + 10

4.4) x2 + x + 1

5. Utilitza les arrels enteres (per Ruffini) 5.1) x3 + 2x2 – x – 2

5.2) x4 + 2x3 – 3x2 – 4x + 4

5.3) 2x4 –5x3+5x – 2

5.4) x4 – 6x3 –11x2 + 96x – 80

Factoritza, usant els mètodes que convenguin de forma ordenada 6.1) x4 + 3x3 – x2 –3x

6.2) x4 – x2

6.3) x3 – 2x2 + x

6.4) x4 + 2x3 + x2

6.5) x2 – x – 2

6.6) 42 – x – x2

6.7) 3x2 + 10x + 3

6.8) x3 – x2 – 4

6.9) x3 + 2x2 + 2x + 1

6.10) x3 + 3x2 –4x – 12

6.11) 6x3 + 7x2 – 9x + 2

6.12) 2x4 –2x3 + 2x

6.13) x6 – 64

6.14) x4 + 2x2 + 1

6.15) x4 + 18x3 + 81x2

6.16) x4 – 9x2

6.17) 16x3 – x

6.18) x4 + x2 –20

6.19) x3 – x2 –19x + 4

6.20) x4 + 4x3 – x – 4

6.21) x2 + 8x – 9

6.22) 2x5 – 8x4 +14x3 – 24x2 + 24x

6.23) x3 + x2 – 32x – 60

6.24) x4 – 10x2 + 9

6.25) x4 – 81

6.26) x3 + x2 – 5x – 5

6.27) x5 – 3x4 + 4x3

6.28) 8x2 – 2x – 15

6.29) x4 – 7x3 + 12x2

6.30) 16x4 - 1

7.Resol les equacions: 7.1) x4 – x2 = 0

7.2) 6x3 – 7x2 – 20x = 0

7.3) 2x3 – 3x2 = 0

7.4) x3 + 3x2 + 4x + 12 = 0

7.5) x3 – x2 – 12x = 0

7.6) x4 – 4x3 + 4x2 – 4x + 3 = 0

7.7) x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 1

7.8) x4 – x2 + 3/16 = 0

7.9) x2 + 4 = 0

7.10) 6x5 – 2x2 = 0

solucions: 1.1 1.3

x2-5x = x(x-5) 2x5-6x3+x = x(2x4-6x2+1)

1.2 1.4

2x3-3x2 = x2(2x-3) 5x2-x = x(5x4-1)

2.1 2.3

4x6-25 = (2x3+5)(2x3-5) x2-3 = (x+ 3 )(x- 3 )

2.2 2.4

x6-4 = (x3+2)(x3-2) 16x4-4 = (4x2+2) (4x2-2)

3.1 3.3

x2+4x+4=(x+2)2 16x6+8x3+1=(4x3+1)2

3.2 3.4

9x2-30x+25=(3x-5)2 x4-6x2+9=(x2-3)2

4.1 4.3

2x2-7x+3=2(x-3)(x-1/2) x2+7x+10=(x+5)(x+2)

4.2 4.4

9x2+6x+1=(3x+1)2 x2+x+1 irreductible

5.1 x3+2x2-x-2=(x-1)(x+1)(x+2) 5.2 5.3 2x4-5x3+5x-2=2(x-1)(x+1)(x-2)(x-1/2) 5.4 (x-5)

x4+2x3-3x2-4x+4=(x-1)2(x+2)2 x4-6x3-11x2+96x-80=(x-1)(x-4)(x+4)

6.1 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.9 6.11 6.13 6.15 6.17 6.19 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.25 6.27 6.29

x4+3x3-x2-3x=x(x-1)(x+1)(x+3) 6.2 x3-2x2+x=x(x-1)2 6.4 2 x -x-2=(x-2)(x+1) 6.6 3x2+10x+3=3(x+3)(x+1/3) 6.8 x3+2x2+2x+1=(x+1)(x2+x+1) 6.10 3 2 6x +7x -9x+2=6(x+2)(x-1/2)(x-1/3) 6.12 x6-64=(x-2)(x+2)(x2+2x+4)(x2-2x+4) 6.14 x4+18x3+81x2=x2(x+9)2 6.16 16x3-x=x(4x+1)(4x-1) 6.18 3 2 2 x -x -19x+4=(x+4)(x -5x+1) 6.20 x2+8x-9=(x+9)(x-1) 2x5-8x4+14x3-24x2+24x=2x(x-2)2(x2+3) x3+x2-32x-60=(x+2)(x-6)(x+5) 6.24 x4-81=(x2+9)(x+3)(x-3) 6.26 5 4 3 3 2 x -3x +4x =x (x -3x+4) 6.28 x4-7x3+12x2=x2(x-4)(x-3) 6.30

x4-x2=x2(x+1)(x-1) x4+2x3+x2=x2(x+1)2 42-x-x2=(-1)(x+7)(x-6) x3-x2-4=(x-2)(x2+x+2) x3+3x3-4x-12=(x-2)(x+2)(x+3) 2x4-2x3+2x=2x(x3-x2+1) x4+2x2+1=(x2+1)2 x4-9x2=x2(x+3)(x-3) x4+x2-20=(x+2)(x-2)(x2+5) x4+4x3-x-4=(x-1)(x+4)(x2+x+1)

7.1 7.3 7.5 7.7 7.9

0 , 1 , -1 0 , 3/2 0 , 4 , -3 1 no té solució

0 , 5/2 , -4/3 -3 1,3 3 /2 , - 3 /2 , ½ , -1/2 0 , 3 1/ 3

7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.10

x4-10x2+9=(x+1)(x-1)(x+3)(x-3) x3+x2-5x-5=(x+1)(x2-5) 8x2-2x-15=8(x-3/2)(x+5/4) 16x4-1=(4x2+1)(2x+1)(2x-1)

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