Expt Long)

EXPERIMENTS IN ENERGY CONVERSION

Experiment No. 1 Starting and speed control of a Shunt Motor Reverse and Forward

Experiment No. 2 AC Series Motor Reverse and Forward

Experiment No. 3 Compound Motor

Experiment No. 4 Capacitor-Run Motor

Experiment No. 5 Single phase Induction Motor

Experiment No. 6 Capacitor-Start motor Reverse

Experiment No. 7 CAPACITOR START DUAL VOLTAGE 230/115, SINGLE PHASE HIGH VOLTAGE CONNECTION FORWARD

Experiment No. 8 Capacitor-Start Dual Voltage 230/115 Single Phase High Voltage Connection Reverse

Experiment No. 9 Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase Low Voltage Connection Forward

Experiment No. 10 Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase Low Voltage Connection Reverse

Experiment No. 11 Three Phase Squirrel cage Induction Motor Connecting six terminal leads 380/230 V, three phase motor High Voltage connection WYE

Experiment No. 12 Connecting nine terminal leads 460/230 V, three phase motor High Voltage Connection Delta

Experiment No. 13 Connecting nine terminal 460/230 V, three phase motor Series Wye STAR

Experiment No. 14 Load characteristics of Series, Shunt and Compound motors

Experiment No. 15 DC generator

Experiment No. 16 Parallel operation of separately excited generators

Experiment No. 17 Synchronous Motors

Experiment No. 1 Starting and speed control of a Shunt Motor Reverse and Forward Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a Shunt Motor. To be able to install and start and control the speed of Shunt Motor in the forward and reverse direction. Materials: DC Shunt Motor DC milliammeter DC power supply Fuses swithces Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter HV DC VOLTAGE supply Multi-tester Tachometer

Diagram

Procedure: Determine the parts of the Shunt Motor Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Shunt Field resistance, Total resistance, Rt Starting Current Running Current Poles

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage Current Power

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for Table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Question: What are the behavior of a shunt generator under load?

What are the safety precautions when handling motors?

What determines the direction of the motor?

Observations:

Conclusions:

Experiment No. 2 AC Series Motor Reverse and Forward Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a Series Motor. To be able to install and operate the Series Motor in the forward and reverse direction. Materials: AC Series Motor Variac Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter Multi-tester Tachometer

Diagram Forward

Reverse s er i es f i el d

1

2

A

A

2

1

ser i es f i el d

SERIES MOTOR

Procedure: Determine the parts of the Series Motor Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Series Field resistance, Total resistance, Rt Starting Current Running Current Poles

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage Current Power Armature Resistance

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Question: What are the behavior of a series generator under load?

Observations:

Conclusions:

Experiment No. 3 Compound Motor Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a Compound Motor. To be able to install and operate the Compound Motor. Materials: Variac Compound Motor Electrolytic capacitors Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter Multi-tester Tachometer Diagram.

s er i es f i el d

Shunt field

1

2

A

shunt field

A

2

1

s er i es f i el d

COMPOUND MOTOR

Procedure: Determine the parts of the Compound Motor Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Shunt Field resistance, Total resistance, Rt Starting Current Running Current Poles Series Field resistance

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage Current Power Armature Resistance

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Question: What are the behavior of a compound generator under load?

Observations:

Conclusions:

Experiment No. 4 Capacitor-Run Motor Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a CAPACITOR-RUN MOTOR. To be able to install and operate the CAPACITOR-RUN MOTOR. Materials: Variac Capacitor Run Motor Electrolytic capacitors Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter Multi-tester Tachometer Diagram. Electrolytic Capacitor 2

RW

SW

Capacitor Run

Procedure: Determine the parts of the Capacitor Run Motor. Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Running winding resistance, RW Total resistance, Rt

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage

Starting Current Running Current Poles

Current Power Starting winding S.W.

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Question 1. What are the characteristics of a capacitor run motor?

Observations:

Conclusion:

Experiment No. 5 Single Phase Induction Motor Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a Induction Motor. To be able to install and operate the Induction Motor. Materials: Variac Inductions Motor Electrolytic capacitors Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter Multi-tester Tachometer Fuses Switches Tachometer Wattmeter, single phase Diagram.

Electrolytic Capacitor 2

RW

SW

C.S.

Induction Motor FORWARD

Procedure: Determine the parts of the Induction Motor. Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Running winding resistance, RW Total resistance, Rt

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage

Starting Current Running Current Poles

Current Power Armature resistance

Centrifugal Switch Resistance C.S. Starting winding resistance, S.W. Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for table 1 determine your frequency and power:

QUESTIONS: Typical applications of Capacitor start motor.

What is an induction motor?

Observations:

Conclusions:

Experiment No. 6 Capacitor-Start Induction motor Reverse Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a CAPACITOR-START INDUCTION MOTOR. To be able to install and operate the CAPACITOR-START INDUCTION MOTOR. Materials: Variac Capacitor-Start induction Motor Electrolytic capacitors Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter Multi-tester Tachometer Diagram. Electrolytic Capacitor 2 T1

RW

SW

C.S.

CAPACITOR START REVERSE

Procedure: Determine the parts of the Capacitor Start Motor. Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Running winding resistance, RW Total resistance, Rt

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage

Starting Current Running Current Poles Centrifugal Switch Resistance, C.S. Starting winding, S.W.

Current Power

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Questions: What are the difference between the forward and reverse of capacitor start induction motor?

What are the difference between the capacitor start motor and capacitor run motor?

Observations:

Conclusions:

Experiment No. 7 CAPACITOR START DUAL VOLTAGE 230/115, SINGLE PHASE HIGH VOLTAGE CONNECTION FORWARD Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a CAPACITOR START DUAL VOLTAGE 230/115, SINGLE PHASE. To be able to install and operate the CAPACITOR START DUAL VOLTAGE 230/115, SINGLE PHASE. Materials: Variac CAPACITOR START DUAL VOLTAGE 230/115, SINGLE PHASE Electrolytic capacitors Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter Multi-tester Tachometer Diagram. Electrolytic Capacitor

RW1 SW RW2

C.S.

CAPACITOR START DUAL VOLTAGE 230/115, SINGLE PHASE HIGH VOLTAGE CONNECTION FORWARD

Procedure: Determine the parts of the CAPACITOR START DUAL VOLTAGE 230/115, SINGLE PHASE. Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Running winding resistance, RW1 Total resistance, Rt

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage

Starting Current Running Current Poles Centrifugal Switch resistance C.S.

Current Power Running winding Resistance, RW2

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for table 1 determine your frequency and power.

Observations:

Conclusion:

Experiment No. 8 Capacitor-Start Dual Voltage 230/115 Single Phase High Voltage Connection Reverse Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a Capacitor-Start Dual Voltage 230/115 Single phase . To be able to install and operate the Capacitor-Start Dual Voltage 230/115 Single Phase. Materials: Variac CAPACITOR START DUAL VOLTAGE 230/115, SINGLE PHASE Electrolytic capacitors Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter Multi-tester Tachometer Diagram. Electrolytic Capacitor

RW1 SW RW2

C.S.

Capacitor-Start Dual Voltage 230/115 Single Phase High Voltage Connection Reverse

Procedure: Determine the parts of the CAPACITOR START DUAL VOLTAGE 230/115, SINGLE PHASE. Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Running winding resistance, RW1 Total resistance, Rt

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage

Starting Current Running Current Poles Centrifugal Switch resistance C.S. Starting winding resistance, S.W.

Current Power Running winding Resistance, RW2

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Observations:

Conclusion:

Experiment No. 9 Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase Low Voltage Connection Forward Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase. To be able to install and operate the Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase. Materials: Variac Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase Electrolytic capacitors Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter Multi-tester Tachometer Diagram.

Electrolytic Capacitor 8

RW1 7

SW

RW2 5

C.S.

Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase Low Voltage Connection Forward

Procedure: Determine the parts of the Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase. Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Running winding resistance, RW1 Total resistance, Rt

Revolution per minute, RPM

Starting Current Running Current Poles Centrifugal Switch resistance C.S.

Current Power Supply Voltage Running winding Resistance, RW2

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Question What are the difference between high voltage and low voltage connections?

Observations:

Conclusion:

Experiment No. 10 Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase Low Voltage Connection Reverse Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase. To be able to install and operate the Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase. Materials: Variac Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase. Electrolytic capacitors Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter Multi-tester Tachometer Diagram.

Electrolytic Capacitor

RW1 SW RW2

C.S.

Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase Low Voltage Connection Reverse

Procedure: Determine the parts of the Capacitor-Start Dual voltage 230/115, single phase. Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Running winding resistance, RW1 Total resistance, Rt

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage

Starting Current Running Current Poles Centrifugal Switch resistance C.S.

Current Power Supply Voltage Running winding Resistance, RW2

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for Table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Observations:

Conclusion:

Experiment No. 11 Three Phase Squirrel cage Induction Motor Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of Three Phase Squirrel cage Induction Motor. To obtain the performance characteristics of a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor. DISCUSSION Three-phase induction motors are by far the most widely used in industry. They constitute about 80% of the total number of motors used in industry. Three-phase induction motors are popular because they are more economical, last longer, and require less maintenance than other types of motors. The stator is composed of laminations of high-grade sheet steel. A three-phase winding is put in slots cut on the inner surface of the stator frame. The stator windings can be either star (wye) - or delta-connected. The simplest and most widely-used rotor for induction motors is the squirrel cage rotor. A squirrel cage rotor consists of bare aluminum bars that are connected at their terminals to shorted end rings. The rotor bars are not parallel to the rotor axis but are set at a slight skew. This reduces mechanical vibrations, so the motor is less noisy. Materials: AC Ammeter AC voltmeter Connecting wires Dynamometer Fuses Squirrel Cage Induction motor 3 Phase Supply Switches Tachometer Wattmeter, 1 phase

Diagram.

Wye Connection

Procedure: Determine the parts of the six terminal leads 380/230 V, three phase motor. Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Individual resistance, Total resistance, Rt

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage

Phase Voltage Line Voltage Line Current

Current Power Poles

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for Table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Question: What are the difference between three phase motors and single phase motors?

Observation:

Conclusion:

Experiment No. 12 Connecting nine terminal leads 460/230 V, three phase motor High Voltage Connection Delta Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a nine terminal leads 460/230 V, three phase motor.. To be able to install and operate the nine terminal leads 460/230 V, three phase motor. Materials: Nine terminal leads 460/230 V, three phase motor Electrolytic capacitors Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter Multi-tester Tachometer Diagram.

Nine terminal leads 460/230 V, three phase motor High Voltage Connection Delta

Procedure: Determine the parts of the nine terminal leads 460/230 V, three phase motor. Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Individual resistance, Total resistance, Rt Phase Voltage Line Voltage Line Current

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage Current Power

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for Table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Question: What is the difference between 6 terminal and nine terminal leads motor?

Observation:

Conclusion:

Experiment No. 13 Connecting nine terminal 460/230 V, three phase motor Series Wye STAR Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a nine terminal 460/230 V, three phase motor. To be able to install and operate the nine terminal 460/230 V, three phase motor. Materials: Nine terminal 460/230 V, three phase motor Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter Multi-tester Tachometer Diagram.

11

12

Nine terminal 460/230 V, three phase motor Series Wye STAR

Procedure: Determine the parts of the nine terminal 460/230 V, three phase motor. Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Individual resistance, Total resistance, Rt Phase Voltage Line Voltage Line Current

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage Current Power

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for Table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Observation:

Conclusion:

Experiment No. 14 Load characteristics of Series, Shunt and Compound motors Objectives: To be able to connect a series, shunt and compound motors in a controlled setting, observe what will happen with no load.To be able to observe the differences between the types of motors. Describe characteristics of the three types of DC motors: shunt, series and compound

Materials: DC Power supply DC series motor DC shunt motor DC compound motor Connecting wires Fuses Series field rheostat Shunt field rheostat Switches Tachometer Multitester

Diagram Figure 13. DC Series Motor: Schematic and Wiring Diagram

Figure 14. DC Shunt Motor: Schematic and Wiring Diagram

Figure 15. DC Compound Motor: Schematic and Wiring Diagram

Procedure: Connect the motor to the tachometer. Observe the difference between the three motors having the same supply voltage. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Table 1: Motors

SUPPLY VOLTAGE

LOAD RESISTANCE

RPM

SUPPLY VOLTAGE

LOAD RESISTANCE

RPM

SUPPLY VOLTAGE

LOAD RESISTANCE

RPM

Series Motor Shunt Motor Compound Motor Motors Series Motor Shunt Motor Compound Motor Motors Series Motor Shunt Motor Compound Motor

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Question: What are the behavior of a series motor under load?

What are the behavior of a shunt motor under load?

What are the behavior of a compound motor under load?

Observations:

Conclusions:

Experiment No. 15 Characteristics of DC generators

Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a DC generators. To be able to examine a DC generators and observe how it works. To be able to identify the different windings. Materials: DC Generator DC milliammeter DC generator with shunt windings Fuses Lamp loads Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter HV DC VOLTAGE supply Multi-tester Tachometer Switches

Diagram

DC Generator

Procedure: Determine the parts of the DC Generator Measure the different resistances of the DC armature and field windings using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the output voltage using the multitester.

Table 1: Field resistance Armature resistance

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage

Output voltage Supply Current

Output Current Power

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for Table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Question: What determines the speed of a DC generator?

What is the difference between AC and DC generator?

Observations:

Conclusions:

Experiment No. 16 Parallel operation of separately excited generators

Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a separately excited generators. To be able to examine a separately excited generators and observe how it works. To be able to identify the different windings. Materials: DC Generator DC milliammeter DC generator with shunt windings Fuses Lamp loads Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter HV DC VOLTAGE supply Multi-tester Tachometer Switches

Diagram

Separately excited Generator

Procedure: Determine the parts of the Separately excited Generator Measure the different resistances of the Separately excited Generators armature and field windings using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the output voltageusing the multitester.

Table 1: Field resistance Armature resistance

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage

Output voltage Supply Current

Output Current Power

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for table 1 determine your frequency and power:

Question: What determines the speed of a separately excited generator?

Observations:

Conclusions:

Experiment No. 17 Synchronous Motor Objectives: To be able to familiarize the parts of a Induction Motor. To be able to install and operate the Induction Motor. Materials: Variac Synchronous Motor Electrolytic capacitors Connecting wires Clamp Ammeter Multi-tester Tachometer Fuses Switches Tachometer Wattmeter, single phase Diagram.

Synchronous Motor

Procedure: Determine the parts of the Induction Motor. Measure the different resistances of the motor using the ohmmeter. Record on the Table 1. Determine the revolution of the motor using the tachometer. Determine the name plate data on the motor.

Table 1: Field resistance Armature resistance

Revolution per minute, RPM Supply Voltage

Output voltage Supply Current

Output Current Power

Computations: Show your formula and solution Using the values for Table 1 determine your frequency and power:

QUESTION: What is the advantage of Synchronous motors?

What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous motors?

Types of Synchronous motors?

Observations:

Conclusions: