Ethical Issues Animals
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Ethical Issues Animals as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 834
- Pages: 21
History of Animal Research
First recorded experimentation on animals occurred in ancient Rome William Harvey (1578-1657) discovered blood circulation via experiments on live deer. French philosopher René Descartes (15961650), “animals are incapable of feeling pain.” Bentham declared, "The question is not, can they reason? Nor, can they talk? But can they suffer? "1876 Cruelty to Animals Act" in England 1960s- the amount of attention, activism, and scholarship related to animal use has increased at a rapid pace.
Proverbs 12:10, we are taught: "A righteous man has regard for the life of his beast, But the compassion of the wicked is cruel."
Horrified looks of Biomedical Research…
Legalized Sadism
Hopeless Faces…
Fast Facts of Biomedical Research
Worldwide, approximately 35 million animals are used in research each year United States alone uses 12 million animals annually. Laboratory rats, mice, and birds, which comprise about 90 percent of all animals used in research, but are not covered by the Animal Welfare Act (AWA), and therefore, are not counted The most frequently used species in the United States is mice, followed by rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, pigs, dogs, sheep, primates, and cats.
The majority of animals used in Biomedical Research are bred specifically for that purpose by USDA licensed suppliers. An estimated 17 to 22 million vertebrate animals are used each year in researchless than 1% of the number killed for food. Humans now live an additional 20.8 years because of the discoveries made from biomedical research.
Rats and mice comprise 85 to 95% of all animals used in research. 10 to 17 million dogs and cats are euthanized in pounds and shelters annually.
Main Features of U.S. Legislation
Public Health Service • Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, administered by the Office for Laboratory Animal Welfare of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Animal Welfare Act (AWA), • specifically named animal species • administered by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Animals in Education
Experimentation or surgery on live animals (vivisection) raises a host of concerns about unnecessary pain and suffering and the unethical use of animals. Animal dissection raises many ethical and environmental concerns: • the practice involves the unnecessary killing of animals; • ignores welfare standards during animal capture, preparation, and shipping; • releases formaldehyde into the environment; • focuses on descriptive biology to the detriment of creative scientific thinking and research; • causes some students to abandon further science education • weakens the respect for life and the humane treatment of animals.
Using Animals for Human Purposes
Benefits to human from Animal Research Philosophical Perspective- animals do not have moral standing because they do not have: • • •
self-consciousness freedom to act and engage in purposive behavior. reasons fro actions and ability to appreciate reasons for actions • capacity to communicate with humans using language • capacity to make moral judgments • rationality
Effects of Research on Animal Welfare
Cost top the animal- avoiding cruelty to animal subjects of research 3 R’s • Reduce… the pain and used in research • Refine… the endpoints and procedures of the experiment • Replace… animals with non-animal models whenever possible suffering and the number of animals.
Purposes/ Benefits
What are the purpose and benefits of the procedures?
Consider…
Are your judgments governed by a: • Teleological perspective (the ends justify the means • Deontological perspective (individual autonomy/ animal rights are more important than the potential benefits.
What is the most consistent principle/ rationale you can offer to defend your approach?
Investigator Responsibilities
Design experiments with concern for animal welfare. Administer research protocols with concern for animal welfare. Report results to the scientific community.
Careful Design of Experiments
Scientific merit Compliance with animal use and care policies Attention to 3R principles (reduce, refine, replace) Procedures that minimize animal discomfort, distress and pain.
Administration of Protocols
Adequate training of research personnel in: • Animal handling • Specific experimental procedures (eg. Injections, blood collection, anesthesia) • Animal health and care • Knowledge of research protocol
Minimize exposure to: • • •
Animal-inflicted injuries Zoonotic diseases Biological, chemical and or radiation hazards.
Reporting Results
Research results cannot be beneficial if they sit on a shelf! Researchers should report their efforts to conduct animal research in a humane manner, including approval from the campus animal use and care committee
How can I help stop the pain and suffering of animals?
The use of interactive 3-D computer models, video footage, and plastic life-size models in schools. Speak out against all forms of animal exploitation and cruelty. Buy only cruelty-free makeup, toiletries, and household products. • Buy only cruelty-free makeup, toiletries, and household products. • Products that are not tested on animals.
Prepared by: Glein M. Sayat Q3A BS Biology
First recorded experimentation on animals occurred in ancient Rome William Harvey (1578-1657) discovered blood circulation via experiments on live deer. French philosopher René Descartes (15961650), “animals are incapable of feeling pain.” Bentham declared, "The question is not, can they reason? Nor, can they talk? But can they suffer? "1876 Cruelty to Animals Act" in England 1960s- the amount of attention, activism, and scholarship related to animal use has increased at a rapid pace.
Proverbs 12:10, we are taught: "A righteous man has regard for the life of his beast, But the compassion of the wicked is cruel."
Horrified looks of Biomedical Research…
Legalized Sadism
Hopeless Faces…
Fast Facts of Biomedical Research
Worldwide, approximately 35 million animals are used in research each year United States alone uses 12 million animals annually. Laboratory rats, mice, and birds, which comprise about 90 percent of all animals used in research, but are not covered by the Animal Welfare Act (AWA), and therefore, are not counted The most frequently used species in the United States is mice, followed by rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, pigs, dogs, sheep, primates, and cats.
The majority of animals used in Biomedical Research are bred specifically for that purpose by USDA licensed suppliers. An estimated 17 to 22 million vertebrate animals are used each year in researchless than 1% of the number killed for food. Humans now live an additional 20.8 years because of the discoveries made from biomedical research.
Rats and mice comprise 85 to 95% of all animals used in research. 10 to 17 million dogs and cats are euthanized in pounds and shelters annually.
Main Features of U.S. Legislation
Public Health Service • Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, administered by the Office for Laboratory Animal Welfare of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Animal Welfare Act (AWA), • specifically named animal species • administered by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Animals in Education
Experimentation or surgery on live animals (vivisection) raises a host of concerns about unnecessary pain and suffering and the unethical use of animals. Animal dissection raises many ethical and environmental concerns: • the practice involves the unnecessary killing of animals; • ignores welfare standards during animal capture, preparation, and shipping; • releases formaldehyde into the environment; • focuses on descriptive biology to the detriment of creative scientific thinking and research; • causes some students to abandon further science education • weakens the respect for life and the humane treatment of animals.
Using Animals for Human Purposes
Benefits to human from Animal Research Philosophical Perspective- animals do not have moral standing because they do not have: • • •
self-consciousness freedom to act and engage in purposive behavior. reasons fro actions and ability to appreciate reasons for actions • capacity to communicate with humans using language • capacity to make moral judgments • rationality
Effects of Research on Animal Welfare
Cost top the animal- avoiding cruelty to animal subjects of research 3 R’s • Reduce… the pain and used in research • Refine… the endpoints and procedures of the experiment • Replace… animals with non-animal models whenever possible suffering and the number of animals.
Purposes/ Benefits
What are the purpose and benefits of the procedures?
Consider…
Are your judgments governed by a: • Teleological perspective (the ends justify the means • Deontological perspective (individual autonomy/ animal rights are more important than the potential benefits.
What is the most consistent principle/ rationale you can offer to defend your approach?
Investigator Responsibilities
Design experiments with concern for animal welfare. Administer research protocols with concern for animal welfare. Report results to the scientific community.
Careful Design of Experiments
Scientific merit Compliance with animal use and care policies Attention to 3R principles (reduce, refine, replace) Procedures that minimize animal discomfort, distress and pain.
Administration of Protocols
Adequate training of research personnel in: • Animal handling • Specific experimental procedures (eg. Injections, blood collection, anesthesia) • Animal health and care • Knowledge of research protocol
Minimize exposure to: • • •
Animal-inflicted injuries Zoonotic diseases Biological, chemical and or radiation hazards.
Reporting Results
Research results cannot be beneficial if they sit on a shelf! Researchers should report their efforts to conduct animal research in a humane manner, including approval from the campus animal use and care committee
How can I help stop the pain and suffering of animals?
The use of interactive 3-D computer models, video footage, and plastic life-size models in schools. Speak out against all forms of animal exploitation and cruelty. Buy only cruelty-free makeup, toiletries, and household products. • Buy only cruelty-free makeup, toiletries, and household products. • Products that are not tested on animals.
Prepared by: Glein M. Sayat Q3A BS Biology
Related Documents
Ethical Issues Animals
November 2019 52
Ethical Issues
June 2020 45
Ethical Issues
October 2019 67
Ethical Issues
October 2019 69
Ethical Issues
June 2020 40