Energy Audit Rer Project

HITEC University Semester Project

 Project Topic: Energy Audit and carbon footprint representation

 Submitted to: Sir Tanveer Ahmed (Renewable Energy Resources)

 Submitted by: Name : Hamza Hamid Reg# :

Section : B

14-ME-061

Dated : June 04th ,2018

ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION Table of Contents ABSTRACT:..................................................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION: ............................................................................................................................................ 3 DESCRIPTION OF HOME: ............................................................................................................................... 4 CURRENT STATUS OF HOME: ........................................................................................................................ 5 INSTALLED APPLIANCES: ............................................................................................................................... 6 DATA RECORD OF ELECTRICITY APPLIANCES/WEEKDAYS:............................................................................ 7 DATA RECORD OF ELECTRICITY APPLIANCES/WEEKENDS: ........................................................................... 8 CALCULATIONS OF TOTAL UNITS CONSUMED/MONTH: .............................................................................. 9 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF UNITS CONSUMED IN A YEAR: ............................................................... 9 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF AMPERES CONSUMED IN A MONTH: ................................................... 10 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF GAS USAGE IN A CALENDER YEAR: ....................................................... 10 CARBON FOOTPRINT: .................................................................................................................................. 11 WHY CALCULATE A CARBON FOOTPRINT? ................................................................................................. 11 CALCULATION OF CARBON FOOTPRINT/DAY: ............................................................................................ 12 METHODS OF MINIMISING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT: .............................................................................. 13 OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION: ............................................................................. 13 BIBLIOGRAPHY: ........................................................................................................................................... 14

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ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION ABSTRACT: An energy audit is a study of a plant or facility to determine how and where energy is used and to identify methods for energy savings. There is now a universal recognition of the fact that new technologies and much greater use of some that already exist provide the most hopeful prospects for the future. [1] The opportunities lie in the use of existing renewable energy technologies, greater efforts at energy efficiency and the dissemination of these technologies and options. This report is just one step, a mere mile marker towards our destination of achieving energy efficiency and I would like to emphasize that an energy audit is a continuous process. [1]

INTRODUCTION: The energy process is an organized approach to identify energy waste in a facility, determining how this waste can be eliminated at a reasonable cost with a suitable time frame. [2] Energy audit is widely used and many have different meaning depending on energy service companies. Energy auditing of a building can range from a short a walkthrough of the facility to a detailed analysis. It is not only serves to identify energy use among the various services and to identify opportunities for energy conservation but it is also a crucial first step in establishing an energy management program. [2] The audit will produce the data on which such a program is based. The study should reveal to the owner, manager, or management team of the building the options available for reducing energy waste, the costs involved, and the benefits achievable from implementing those energy-conserving opportunities (ECOs). [2]

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ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

DESCRIPTION OF HOME: 1. Location: 33.9734° N, 71.9831° E 2. Address: Hosue#184, Phase#1, Armour Colony Manki Road Nowshera Cantt. 3. House type: Single-family Detached 4. House dimensions: 2722.5 Sq. Ft. 5. Year home was built: 2013 6. No. of bedrooms: 3 7. No. of Occupants: 5 8. Orientation: North facing External gate 9. No. of stories: Single story home 10. Types of energy sources using: 2 (Electricity and Natural gas)

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ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION CURRENT STATUS OF HOME: As there 5 total number of occupants living in the room, which includes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 

Father Mother Me (Hamza) 2 sisters Contribution in energy usage: Father leaves for office at 9 a.m. Every day and comes back home at 10 p.m. with Sunday as a holiday. Mothers’ is a teacher leaves for college at around 7 a. m. at comes back at 2 p.m. with Saturday and Sunday as holiday. Sisters leave for school at 7 a.m. and comes back to home at 2 p.m. I on the other hand lives in a university’s hostel and visits home on weekends.  Energy usages: Usually as from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. no one is at home except on weekends so therefore there is energy usage of fridge only and no gas usage at that time of the day. Electricity usage: On the week days there is use of mostly 4 fans, 4 lights, 2 energy savers, 1 Television, 1 Fridge. Boring water Pump is used when there is requirement, Computer is used mostly in the evening hours of the day. Use of Split Ac depends upon the weather and is generally used in the noon hours of the day while on the other hand exhaust fan, pedestal fan, washing machine is used when there is a requirement. Iron is used generally in the late hours of the day. In the weekends there is generally increase in the usage of the electricity, more use of water, more use of gas, and also use of cooler during noon and night hours of the day. Gas usage: Natural gas is used generally at the start of the day, then at noon hours, then at evening hours and then at night for the breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner purposes. Also there is use of gas frequently when there is baking going on, that too in some days of the month.

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ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

INSTALLED APPLIANCES: Fans, Tube lights, Pedestal fan, Exhaust fan, Television, Iron, Washing machine, Energy savers, blender, Cooler, Computer, Fridge and Boring water Pump.

Appliances

Rated Power (W)

1. Fans

80

2. Tube lights

40

3. Pedestal fan

150

4. Exhaust Fan

50

5. Television

95

6. Iron

1100

7. Washing Machine

450

8. Energy savers

25

9. Blender

240

10. Cooler

330

11. Computer

120

12. Fridge

140

13. Boring water pump

746

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ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION DATA RECORD OF ELECTRICITY APPLIANCES/WEEKDAYS: (Usage in terms of Watts) Appliances

Rated power (Watts)

Quantity R.P*Quantity (Watts)

Run time (hours)

R.P*Quantity*Run time hours(W.hrs)

Fans

80

3

240

9

2160

Tube lights

40

6

240

8

1920

Pedestal fan

150

1

150

4

600

Exhaust Fan

50

3

150

4

600

Television

95

1

95

10

950

Iron

1100

1

1100

1

1100

Washing Machine

450

1

450

0

0

Energy savers

25

2

50

8

400

Blender

240

1

240

0.5

120

Cooler

330

1

330

6

1980

Computer

120

1

120

2

240

Fridge

140

1

140

24

3360

Boring water pump

746

1

746

1

746

Fans

80

4

320

0.5

160

Energy savers

10

2

20

8

160

Total

14496

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ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

DATA RECORD OF ELECTRICITY APPLIANCES/WEEKENDS: (Usage in terms of Watts) Appliances

Rated power (Watts)

Quantity R.P*Quantity (Watts)

Run time (hours)

R.P*Quantity*Run time hours(W.hrs)

Fans

80

3

240

9

2160

Tube lights

40

6

240

8

1920

Pedestal fan

150

1

150

6

900

Exhaust Fan

50

3

150

5

750

Television

95

1

95

12

1140

Iron

1100

1

1100

1

1100

Washing Machine

450

1

450

2

900

Energy savers

25

2

50

8

400

Blender

240

1

240

1

240

Cooler

330

1

330

6

1980

Computer

120

1

120

2

240

Fridge

140

1

140

24

3360

Boring water pump

746

1

746

1

746

Fans

80

4

320

1

320

Energy savers

10

2

20

10

200

Total

16356

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ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION CALCULATIONS OF TOTAL UNITS CONSUMED/MONTH: Total No. of Kilowatt.hrs consumed in weekdays= 14496x5 = 72480 watt.hrs = 72.480 Kw.hrs Total No. of Kilowatt.hrs consumed in weekends= 16356x2 = 32712 watt.hrs = 32.712 Kw.hrs Total No. of Kilowatt.hrs consumed in a week= 72.480+32.712 = 105.192 Kw.hrs Total No. of Kilowatt.hrs consumed in a month= 105.192x4 = 420.768 Kw.hrs Or we can say that total No. of units consumed in a month= 420.768 units

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF UNITS CONSUMED IN A YEAR: Units 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Units

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ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF AMPERES CONSUMED IN A MONTH: Amperes

Fans

Tube Lights

Pedestal Fan

Exhaust Fan

Television

Iron

Washing Machine

Energy savers

Blender

Cooler

Computer

Fridge

Boring water pump

Fans

Energy savers

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF GAS USAGE IN A CALENDER YEAR: HM3 3 2.5 2 1.5 1

0.5 0

HM3

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ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION CARBON FOOTPRINT: The carbon footprint is a measure of the total amount of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions that are directly or indirectly caused by an activity, or which are accumulated over the life span of a product, person, an organisation, or even a city or state. [3]Carbon foot printing is a measure by which a company or individual can calculate how much carbon emissions they have produced during a project or time period. Three main types of emissions exist: Direct emissions that result from activities that the organisation controls: The majority of direct emissions will result from combustion of fuels which produce CO2 emissions, e.g. the gas used to provide heating for a building. Some organisations will also directly emit other greenhouse gases e.g. the burning and production of cement. [3] Emissions from the use of electricity: Workplaces generally use electricity for lighting and equipment. Electricity generation comes from a range of sources, including renewables. In the Pakistan however, around 80% is produced through the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and gas. [3] Although not directly in control of the emissions, by purchasing the electricity the organisation is indirectly responsible for the release of CO2. Indirect emissions from products and services: Each product or service purchased by an organisation contributes towards emissions. [3]The way the organisation uses products and services therefore affects its carbon footprint, e.g. a manufacturing company is indirectly responsible for the CO2 that is emitted in the transport of the raw materials, as well as emissions from the distribution, use and disposal of its finished products.

WHY CALCULATE A CARBON FOOTPRINT? There are typically two main reasons for wanting to calculate a carbon footprint: 1. To manage the footprint and reduce emissions over time. 2. To report the footprint accurately to a third party. [4] 

Throughout the process of calculating a carbon footprint, always be clear, consistent and transparent. Page | 11

ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION CALCULATION OF CARBON FOOTPRINT/DAY: For the calculation of carbon footprint firstly energy consumptions are taken in Kwh for electricity consumption, Litres for consumption of fuel and KJ for the consumption of food. When all the energy consumptions values are recorded it is then converted into equivalent carbon dioxide emissions using the standard table given by DEFRA. [4] 1. Father: Electricity: Fan, Tube light, Cooler, Energy saver, T.V, Iron, Computer 80x6+40x5+330x6+25x3+95x6+1100x0.5+120x1= 3.975 kWh x 0.34885 kg CO2 = 1.38667 kg CO2 Fuel: CNG 10 litres x 0.49150 kg CO2 = 4.915 kg CO2 2. Mother: Electricity: Fan, Tube light, Cooler, Energy saver, Fridge, Blender, Iron, T.V 80x5+40x6+330x8+25x2+140x3+240x0.5+1100x0.5+95x8= 5.180 kWh x 0.34885 kg CO2 = 1.80704 kg CO2 Fuel: Diesel, Natural Gas 6 litres + 0.303 m3 = 6 x 2.57843 kg CO2 + 0.303 x 2.09267 kg CO2 = 16.10455901 kg CO2 3. Sister: Electricity: Fan, Tube light, Cooler, Energy saver, Fridge, Iron, T.V 80x7+40x7+330x6+25x2+140x4+1100x0.5+95x8= 4.740 kWh x 0.34885 kg CO2 = 1.653549 kg CO2 Fuel: Natural Gas 0.213 m3 x 2.09267 kg CO2 = 0.44573871 kg CO2 4. Sister: Electricity: Fan, Tube light, Cooler, Computer, Fridge, and T.V 80x4+40x3+330x8+120x3+140x0.5+95x8= 4.270 kWh x 0.34885 kg CO2 = 1.4895895 kg CO2 5. Me: Electricity: Fan, Tube light, Cooler, Energy saver, Iron, Fridge, Computer 80x5+40x5+330x6+25x3+1100x0.5+140x0.5+120x5= 3.875 x 0.34885 kg CO2 =1.35179375 kg CO2

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ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

METHODS OF MINIMISING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT: Several methods exist for reducing an individuals or an organisations carbon footprint. 1. Planting trees is one of the most common and simplest forms of carbon footprint reduction. Trees absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and hence can be used to offset carbon emissions. [3] 2. Recycling waste materials such as household, industrial and construction waste can be a valuable method of carbon footprint reduction as the carbon content of the new materials which would have otherwise been used can be offset. [3] 3. Many energy saving technologies exist which can contribute towards carbon footprint reduction, from cheap and simple measures such as installing low energy light bulbs to more expensive measures such as using electric vehicles. Renewable energy generation can also be used for offsetting a carbon footprint, such as wind turbines and solar panels. [3]

OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION: There are many methods by the application of which we can conserve energy, some of them are listed below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Replacement of fluorescent tubes with led tubes. Replacement of lamps with led lamps. Replacement of fans with low wattage fans. Replacement of monitors with led monitors. Replacement of air conditioners with 4 star air conditioners. 10 watts led tube is equal to 40 watts fluorescent tube. 25 watts led tube is equal to 100 watts bulbs. Usage of Iron at the late hours.

By replacing all these equipment’s with above devices we can save up to 64H of energy consumption. Replacing of all these equipment involves a lot of money investment but in due course we can achieve in payback period after that it is very economical. [1]

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ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

BIBLIOGRAPHY: [1] A. &. S. )ollege, “AVR&SVR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY AVR&SVR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY,” DIPLOMA EEE (2013-16), vol. III, no. 03, p. 6, 2016. [2] S. L. n. NissangaNishad Rasanajan Mendis. Department ofElectrical Engineering University ofMoratuwa Katubedda, “ENERGY AUDIT: A CASE STUDY,” mendis2006, vol. I, no. 01, p. 6, 2006. [3] L. U. I. Repository, “Carbon footprint,” Loughborough University's Institutional Repository , p. 6, 14 April 2010. [4] C. Trust, “Carbon footprinting An introduction for organisations,” The Carbon Trust , London, 2007.

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