Elements Of Image Interpretation

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Elements of Image Interpretation 

Carolina Distinguished Professor Department of Geography University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina 29208

Jensen, 2007

Low Oblique Aerial Photograph

Jensen, 2007

High Oblique Aerial Photograph

Jensen, 2007

Vertical Aerial Photograph

Jensen, 2007

Reasons why photo/image interpretation are powerful  scientific tools: • aerial/regional perspective; • three­dimensional depth perception; • ability to obtain knowledge beyond our human visual perception; • ability to obtain a historical image record to document change.

Jensen, 2007

The Aerial/Regional  Perspective

Jensen, 2007

Three­dimensional  Depth Perception

Jensen, 2007

Obtaining Knowledge  Beyond our Human  Visual Perception

Jensen, 2007

Historical Image Record and Change Detection Documentation

Jensen, 2007

Elements of Image  Interpretation

Jensen, 2007

Jensen, 2007

Elements of Image Interpretation ­ Tone and Color

Jensen, 2007

Panchromatic

Tivoli North Bay on the Hudson River, NY

Black and White Infrared

Jensen, 2007

Elements of Image Interpretation ­ Tone and Color

Jensen, 2007

Sir Isaac Newton  discovered that white  light could be  dispersed into its  spectral components  by passing it through  a prism.

Jensen, 2007

Color Theory

Additive Color

Subtractive Color

Jensen, 2007

Elements of Image Interpretation ­ Tone and Color

Green

Red

Near­infrared

Color composite  RGB = green, red, near­infrared

Jensen, 2007

Exposure, Development, and   Color Formation on Color Film

A.  Scene    reflectance  

Blue

B.  Film after   exposure    Blue   

Green

Red

White

Activated

Black

Activated Internal Yellow filter (blue­blocking) Activated

Green and blue   



R

clear

Yellow dye layer Magenta dye layer  

G



G

R

Y ellow  

Magenta    Cyan    

Cyan dye layer  



 

 latent   image     

Activated Activated

Red and blue    C. Film after   color reversal   processing  

Normal Color  Film

  

white light



G

R

Activated B 

G

R



G

R

Y ellow  

Y ellow  

Magenta   

Magenta   

Cyan    

Cyan    

G

R



G

R

D. Colors in the Positive Transparency Viewed by the Photo­interpreter

Blue Blue  

Green  

Red  

blue ­ the  green  ­ the  red ­ the  complementary   complementary   complementary   color of yellow color of magenta color of cyan

White

Black

Jensen, 2007

Aerial Photography

Normal Color

False­color Infrared Using  Wratten #12 filter Jensen, 2007

Exposure, Development, and Color   Formation on False­Color Infrared Film A.  Scene    reflectance  

Blue

Green

Red

Infrared

Yellow Wratten 12 filter (blue­blocking) B.  Film after

 

Activated

Red sensitive layer  

Yellow dye layer   Magenta  dye layer  

 latent   image     

Activated

Green sensitive layer   

Cyan dye layer

 

Activated

 Infrared sensitive layer    

C. Film after color reversal processing

Color­Infrared  Film

  

  B   

G

R



Cyan

G

white light

R

Cyan  

Yellow    



G

R

Cyan   Yellow   

Magenta     Magenta     B 



G

R

clear Yellow Magenta

G

R

D. Colors in the Positive Transparency Viewed by the Photo­interpreter

Black Blue

Blue  

Green  

Red

green  ­ the  red ­ the  blue ­ the  complementary   complementary   complementary   color of cyan color of yellow color of magenta

Jensen, 2007

Aerial Photography

Normal Color

False­color Infrared Using  Wratten #12 filter Jensen, 2007

Terrestrial Photography

Normal Color

False­color Infrared Using  Wratten #12 filter

Jensen, 2007

Elements of Image Interpretation ­ Size

Jensen, 2007

Elements of Image Interpretation ­ Shape

Jensen, 2007

Elements of Image Interpretation ­ Texture

Jensen, 2007

Elements of Image Interpretation ­ Pattern

Jensen, 2007

Elements of Image Interpretation ­ Shadow

Jensen, 2007

Elements of Image Interpretation ­ Height and Depth

Jensen, 2007

Elements of Image Interpretation ­  Site, Situation and Association

Jensen, 2007

Methods of Search • Use of Collateral Information • Convergence of Evidence • Use of the Multi­concept

Jensen, 2007

Collateral  Information

Jensen, 2007

Convergence  of Evidence

Jensen, 2007

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