Electrolytes

Solutions

Electrolytes Nonelectrolytes

10/14/08

LecturePLUS Timberlake 2000

1

Electrolytes Are substances that form positive(+) and negative (-) ions in water

Conduct an electric current

10/14/08

LecturePLUS Timberlake 2000

2

Electrolytes in the Body Carry messages send to and from the brain as electrical signals

Maintain cellular function with the correct concentrations electrolytes

10/14/08

LecturePLUS Timberlake 2000

3

Strong Electrolytes are 100% ionized salts

H 2O

NaCl(s)

100%ions Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

H 2O CaBr2(s) acids HCl(g) 10/14/08

Ca2+(aq) + 2Br- (aq)

H 2O

H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

LecturePLUS Timberlake 2000

4

Weak electrolytes Most of the solute exists as molecules in solution Only a few solute particles produce ions HF +

H2 O

→ H3O+(aq) + F- (aq)

acid NH3 + H2O

→ NH4+(aq) + OH- (aq)

base 10/14/08

LecturePLUS Timberlake 2000

5

Nonelectrolytes Dissolve as molecules only No ions are produced in water Do not conduct an electric current

H2 O C6H12O6 (s) → C6H12O6 (aq) glucose 10/14/08

LecturePLUS Timberlake 2000

6

Learning Check E1 Select the products for each of the following in water: H2O A. CaCl2 (s)

1) CaCl2

2) Ca2+, Cl2-

3) Ca2+ + 2ClH2O B. K3PO4 (s) 10/14/08

1) 3K+ , PO43LecturePLUS Timberlake 2000

2) K3PO4 7

Learning Check E1 Solution Select the products for each of the following in water: H2O A. CaCl2 (s)

3) Ca2+ + 2ClH2O

B. K3PO4 (s) 10/14/08

1) 3K+ + PO43LecturePLUS Timberlake 2000

8

Equivalents Amount of an electrolyte or an ion that provides 1 mole of electrical charge (+ or -) 1 mole Na+

=

1 equivalent

1 mole Cl-

=

1 equivalent

1 mole Ca2+ = 1 mole Fe3+ 10/14/08

=

2 equivalents equivalents LecturePLUS Timberlake 2000

9

Electrolytes in Body Fluids In replacement solutions for body fluids, the electrolytes are given in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). Ringer’s Solution Na+ K+ 2+ Ca10/14/08

147 mequiv/L

Cl-

mequiv/L

4 mequiv/L LecturePLUS Timberlake 2000 4 mequiv/L

10

Electrolytes in Body Fluids In replacement solutions for body fluids, the electrolytes are given in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). Ringer’s Solution Na+ K+ 2+ Ca10/14/08

147 mequiv/L

Cl- 155

mequiv/L

4 mequiv/L LecturePLUS Timberlake 2000 4 mequiv/L

11

Learning Check E2 A.

In 1 mole of Fe3+, there are 1) 1 equiv

B.

3) 3 equiv

0.5 equivalents of calcium is 1) 5 mEq

C.

2) 2 equiv

2) 50 mEq

3) 500 mEq

An IV bottle contains NaCl. If the Na+ is 34 mEq/L, the Cl- is 1) 34 mEq/L 10/14/08

2) 0 mEq/L LecturePLUS Timberlake 2000

3) 68 mEq/L 12

Learning Check E2 Solution A.

In 1 mole of Fe3+, there are 3) 3 equiv

B.

0.5 equivalents of calcium is 3) 500 mEq

C.

An IV bottle contains NaCl. If the Na+ is 34 mEq/L, the Cl- is 1) 34 mEq/L 10/14/08

LecturePLUS Timberlake 2000

13