Efs For Mining

EFs for Mining Mining operations can be considered as series of unit operations (eg dragline operations, shovel operations, truck haulage of materials). This spreadsheet provides emission factor estimations and default emission factors for emissions of both TSP and PM10 from general mining. The emission factor estimations should be used where site-specific data such as silt and moisture content is available. Otherwise, the default emission factors can be used. This spreadsheet contains three sheets, started by 'Introduction' and sequentially followed by sheets 'EF Estimations&Defaults' and at the end 'ER Inventory'. To estimate emission factors in sheet 'EF Estimations&Defaults', user needs to supply their own site specific data. If these data are not available, user may use default factors provided by USEPA with consequency of less accuracy or less representative. And to estimate emission rates (ERs) in sheet 'ER Inventory', user needs to supply activity rate for each operations/activities in their mines. When using emission factors, you should be aware of the associated Emission Factor Rating (EFR) code and what that rating implies. An A or B rating indicates a greater degree of certainty than a D or E rating. The less certainty, the more likely that a given emission factor for a specific source or category is not representative of the source type. The EFR system is as follows: A - Excellent B - Above Average C - Average D - Below Average E - Poor U - Unrated (reflects the limited amount of research) All emission factor estimations and default emission factors are for uncontrolled emissions. Reference: Background Report AP-42 from USEPA Prepared by: Muhamad Nizar

1. Input data in yellow cells 2. Calculated data are in light green cells Operation/Activity

Draglines Loading Overbuden Loading Coal Buldozing Coal Buldozing other than coal Unloading Overbuden Unloading Coal Drilling Blasting

Topsoil Removal by Scraper Wheel Generated Dust from Unpaved Road Use of Graders Wind erosion from stockpile

Input Data

TSP EF

(Read below for information) d 12 M 2 U 3.6 M 2 M 8 s 7 M 2.5 s 10 M 2

PM10 EF

Default

0.057484162

0.010175144

0.06

Default PM10 EF 0.026

0.002245926

0.001062262

0.025

0.012

kg/t

C

0.01430836 101.9651198

0.006879019 32.50384647

0.029 102

0.014 32.5

kg/t kg/h

C B

16.73533282

4.074149142

17

4

kg/h

B

TSP EF

Units

EF

kg/bcm

Rating B

U M M

3.6 2 8

0.002245926

0.001062262

0.012

0.0043

kg/t

0.01430836

0.006879019

0.01 0.59

0.0042 0.31

A M D s W s W M S s p f

1 1 1 10 48 10 48 2 1 15 80 30

344

178.88

kg/t kg/hole kg/blast

B C

1.643586487

0.529269691

1.64

0.53

kg/VKT

A

3.881182842

0.962513813

3.88

0.96

kg/VKT

0.0034 1.920212766

0.0034 0.960106383

0.4

0.2

kg/VKT kg/ha/h

B

Operation/Activity

Primary crushing Secondary crushing Tertiary crushing Dry grinding with air conveying or classification Dry grinding without air conveying or classification Drying (all materials except titanium/ zirconium sands) Handling, transferring and conveying including wheel and bucket reclaimers (except bauxite)

High Moisture Content Ores

Low Mositure Content Ores

Default TSP EF

Default TSP EF

Default PM10 EF

Units (per activity)

EF

0.02

kg/t

C

0.08

kg/t kg/t

D E

Default PM10 EF

Rating

0.01

0.004

0.2

0.03 0.03

0.012 0.01

0.6 1.4

14.4

13

14.4

13

kg/t

C

1.2

0.16

1.2

0.16

kg/t

D

9.8

5.9

9.8

5.9

kg/t

C

0.005

0.002

0.06

0.03

kg/t

C

No Data

d = drop distance in metres; M = moisture content in %; U = mean wind speed in m/s; A = area blasted in m2; D = depth of blast holes in metres; VKT = vehicle kilometres travelled; A suitable surrogate for calculating vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) emissions may be to determine the fuel consumption in various items of equipment. Using typical fuel efficiencies, it should then be possible to determine total VKT. s = silt content in %; W = vehicle gross mass in tonnes; S = mean vehicle speed in km/h; L= road surface silt loading in g/m2; bcm = bank cubic metres; t = tonne; f = percentage of time that wind speed is greater than 5.4 m/s at the mean height of the stockpile p = number of days when rainfall is greater than (0.25 mm)

Operation/Activity Draglines Loading Overbuden Loading Coal Buldozing Coal Buldozing other than coal Unloading Overbuden Unloading Coal Drilling Blasting Topsoil Removal by Scraper Wheel Generated Dust from Unpaved Road Use of Graders Wind erosion from stockpile Primary crushing Secondary crushing Tertiary crushing

1

Applied EF TSP PM10 0.06 0.026 0.025 0.012 0.029 0.014 102 32.5 17 4

Activity Rate 100 100 100 100 100

bcm t t hr hr

2

ER (per yr) TSP PM10 6 2.6 2.5 1.2 2.9 1.4 10200 3250 1700 400

0.012 0.01 0.59 344 1.64

0.0043 0.0042 0.31 178.88 0.53

100 100 100 100 100

t t hole blast VKT

1.2 1 59 34400 164

0.43 0.42 31 17888 53

3.88

0.96

100

VKT

388

96

0.0034 0.4

0.0034 0.2

0.34 2000

0.004 0.012 0.01

VKT ha hr t t t

0.34 4000

0.01 0.03 0.03

100 100 100 100 100 100

1 3 3

0.4 1.2 1

Dry grinding with air conveying or classification Dry grinding without air conveying or classification Drying (all materials except titanium/ zirconium sands) Handling, transferring and conveying including wheel and bucket reclaimers (except bauxite) 1

Note:

Note:

2

14.4

13

100

t

1440

1300

1.2

0.16

100

t

120

16

9.8

5.9

100

t

980

590

0.005

0.002

100

t

0.5

0.2

Total 53472.44 25633.19 The Applied EF(s) here are based on your estimation and/or default factors in sheet 'EF Estimations&Defaults'. You can link to the sheet by using '=' and apply your prefered EF(s). ER: Emission Rate