Eeg And Sleep
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EEG AND SLEEP THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM The graphical record of electrical activity of brain is called electroencephalogram. USES OF EEG: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Locate certain diseases: subdural heamatoma, or abscess Diagnosis of epilepsy. Provides information regarding sleep and wakefulness. To confirm brain death.
EEG RHYTHM
FREQUENCY (Hz) Amplitude (micro V) ASSOC.FEATURES
1.ALPHA RHYTHM
8 -12.
50 -100
OCCIPITAL AND PARIETOCCIPITAL AREAS WHEN EYES ARE CLOSED.
2.BETA
14- 30
5 -10
FRONTAL REGION,NORMAL AWAKE PATTERN IN INFANTS.
3. THETA
4-7
4.DELTA
1-4
10 20 -200
PARIETAL AND TEMPORAL BONE DURING SLEEP
Note: Lower frequency fibers indicate less responsive behavior, such as sleep. Higher frequencies indicate arousal.
SLEEP Sleep is a physiological process by which bodily functions are periodically rested. Physiological changes during sleep: 1. CVS: Decreased heart rate, BP and cardiac output. 2. Respiratory: Decrease in tidal volume, respiratory rate and pulmonary ventilation. 3. Decrease in BMR by 10 -15% 4. Decreased muscle tone. 5. Decreased salivary and lacrimal secretions. TWO TYPES OF SLEEP: 1. Rapid eye movement sleep or paradoxical sleep (REM) 2. Non rapid eye movement sleep (NREM ) or slow wave sleep
STAGE
BEHAVIOURAL OBSERVATION
EEG CHANGES
RELAXED WAKEFULNESS
AWAKE, RELAXED WITH EYES CLOSED.
MAINLY ALPHA RHYTHM
NREM SLEEP, STAGE I
LIGHT SLEEP
ALPHA WAVES REDUCED IN FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE.
STAGE II
TRUE SLEEP
SLEEP SPINDLES, REGULAR WAVES OF A FEW SECONDS DURATION.
STAGE III
SLEEP DEEPENS
OCCASIONAL SLEEP SPINDLES.
STAGE IV
DEEP SLEEP
SLOW HIGH VOLTAGE DELTA WAVES.
REM SLEEP
DEEPEST SLEEP
RAPID LOW VOLTAGE, IRREGULAR WAVES
SLEEP DISORDERS: 1.Insomnia 2. Inability to sleep 3. Somnambulism or sleep walking: episodes of walking during sleep with eyes open ,but episodes are not recalled when awake. 4. Noctural enuresis: Involuntary voiding of urine during sleep at night. 5. Narcolepsy: Uncontrollable urge to sleep during day time activities. 6. Sleep apnoea.
Locate certain diseases: subdural heamatoma, or abscess Diagnosis of epilepsy. Provides information regarding sleep and wakefulness. To confirm brain death.
EEG RHYTHM
FREQUENCY (Hz) Amplitude (micro V) ASSOC.FEATURES
1.ALPHA RHYTHM
8 -12.
50 -100
OCCIPITAL AND PARIETOCCIPITAL AREAS WHEN EYES ARE CLOSED.
2.BETA
14- 30
5 -10
FRONTAL REGION,NORMAL AWAKE PATTERN IN INFANTS.
3. THETA
4-7
4.DELTA
1-4
10 20 -200
PARIETAL AND TEMPORAL BONE DURING SLEEP
Note: Lower frequency fibers indicate less responsive behavior, such as sleep. Higher frequencies indicate arousal.
SLEEP Sleep is a physiological process by which bodily functions are periodically rested. Physiological changes during sleep: 1. CVS: Decreased heart rate, BP and cardiac output. 2. Respiratory: Decrease in tidal volume, respiratory rate and pulmonary ventilation. 3. Decrease in BMR by 10 -15% 4. Decreased muscle tone. 5. Decreased salivary and lacrimal secretions. TWO TYPES OF SLEEP: 1. Rapid eye movement sleep or paradoxical sleep (REM) 2. Non rapid eye movement sleep (NREM ) or slow wave sleep
STAGE
BEHAVIOURAL OBSERVATION
EEG CHANGES
RELAXED WAKEFULNESS
AWAKE, RELAXED WITH EYES CLOSED.
MAINLY ALPHA RHYTHM
NREM SLEEP, STAGE I
LIGHT SLEEP
ALPHA WAVES REDUCED IN FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE.
STAGE II
TRUE SLEEP
SLEEP SPINDLES, REGULAR WAVES OF A FEW SECONDS DURATION.
STAGE III
SLEEP DEEPENS
OCCASIONAL SLEEP SPINDLES.
STAGE IV
DEEP SLEEP
SLOW HIGH VOLTAGE DELTA WAVES.
REM SLEEP
DEEPEST SLEEP
RAPID LOW VOLTAGE, IRREGULAR WAVES
SLEEP DISORDERS: 1.Insomnia 2. Inability to sleep 3. Somnambulism or sleep walking: episodes of walking during sleep with eyes open ,but episodes are not recalled when awake. 4. Noctural enuresis: Involuntary voiding of urine during sleep at night. 5. Narcolepsy: Uncontrollable urge to sleep during day time activities. 6. Sleep apnoea.
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