Edgel May C. Bayag, M.d.

Hygiene Edgel May C. Bayag, M.D.

Definition • • • •

“Hygeia” Greek goddess Health, cleanliness and sanitation Hygienics

Definition • Set of practices • Preservation of health and healthy living • Medicine and Most aspects of living (personal and professional care) • Cleanliness and preventive measures •

Hygiene Practices • In medicine

•

– Aimed to reduce incidence of disease – Spreading of disease  INFECTIOUS DISEASES

• Vary widely – Acceptable in one culture – Might not be acceptable in another

MEDICAL HYGIENE • Administration of medicine • Medical care • Prevents or minimizes disease • Prevents spreading of disease

MEDICAL HYGIENE PRACTICES • Isolation or Quarantine • Sterilization of instruments • Protective clothing and barriers • (masks, gowns, caps, eyewear, gloves) • Proper bandaging and dressing of injuries • Safe disposal of medical waste • Disinfection of reusables • (linen, pads, uniforms) •

BODY HYGIENE • Care for bodily health and well being • Cleanliness •

Motivations for Personal Hygiene Practices • • • • • • •

Reduction of illness Healing from illness Optimal health Sense of well being Social acceptance Prevention of spread of illness to others

Personal Hygiene Practices • Seeing a doctor • Seeing a dentist • Regular washing of the body – bathing, showering • Regular handwashing • Brushing and flossing of teeth • Basic manicure and pedicure • Feminine hygiene • Healthy eating • •

Personal Grooming • Extends personal hygiene • Maintenance of good personal and public appearance • Need not necessarily be hygienic

Personal Body Hygiene Products • • • • • • • •

Soap Hair shampoo Hair conditioner Toothbrushes Toothpaste Cotton swabs Deodorant

•Chapstick •Cream •Lotion •Facial Tissue •Hair clippers •Nail clippers •Mouthwash

•Nail files •Skin cleansers •Razors •Shaving Cream •Skin cream •Toilet Paper

Diseases Preventable by Hygiene & Cleanliness Edgel May C. Bayag, M.D.

Amebiasis

Parasitism & Diarrhea

Hepatitis A

Typhoid Fever

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Influenza

Urinary Tract Infections(UTI)

Sore Throat

Common Diseases Preventable by Hygiene • Infectious Diarrhea – Amebiasis, Acute Gastroenteritis • Parasitism • Hepatitis A • Typhoid Fever • Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever • Influenza • Urinary Tract Infections • Sore Throat •

Excessive Body Hygiene Edgel May C. Bayag, M.D.

Excessive Body Hygiene • Benefits of body hygiene offset by the risks of excessive body hygiene •  cause allergic disease and bodily irritation – Allergies – External ear canals – Skin

EXCESSIVE BODY HYGIENE AND ALLERGIES • Hygiene hypothesis – “Marked lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents, and later a lack of exposure to helminths as adults, increases susceptibility to allergic diseases”

• Lack of exposure to these agents • Prevents body from developing appropriate allergens and autoimmune responses

EXCESSIVE BODY HYGIENE OF EXTERNAL EAR CANALS • Infection or Irritation • Less body hygiene care than other parts of the body • Sensitive • Body system adequately cares for these parts

EXCESSIVE BODY HYGIENE OF EXTERNAL EAR CANALS • Removal of earwax – Reduce ear canal cleanliness – Push debris& foreign material into the ear • Removed by natural movement of ear wax •

EXCESSIVE BODY HYGIENE OF SKIN • Skin irritation • Skin has natural layer of oil – Protects from drought

• When washing, unless using aqueous creams – Layer is removed, leaving the skin unprotected

• Excessive washing •

 trigger eczema

EXCESSIVE BODY HYGIENE OF SKIN • Excessive application of soaps, creams, and ointments – Adversely affect body’s natural processes

• Soaps and ointments – Deplete natural protective oils – Absorb substances – Disturb natural hormone balances

CULINARY HYGIENE • • • •

Food management and cooking Prevent food contamination Prevent food poisoning Minimize transmission of disease to other foods, humans or animals • Safety ways – handle, store, prepare, serve

Culinary Practices • Cleaning and sterilization of food-preparation areas and equipment (chlorine bleach, ethanol, UV light) • Avoidance of meats contaminated by trichinella worms, salmonella, etc • Cooking of questionable meats

Culinary Practices • Extreme care in preparing • raw foods – sushi and sashimi

• Institutional dish sanitizing – washing with soap and clean water

• Washing of hands thoroughly – before touching any food

Culinary Practices • Washing of hands – after touching uncooked food when preparing meals

• Not using the same utensils to prepare different foods • Not sharing cutlery when eating • Not licking fingers or hands while or after eating

Culinary Practices • Not reusing serving utensils that have been licked • Proper storage of food so as to prevent contamination by vermin • Refrigeration of foods – Avoidance of specific foods where refrigeration is not feasible

Culinary Practices • Labeling food – when it was produced – “best before” date

• Proper disposal of uneaten food • Proper packaging

PERSONAL SERVICE HYGIENE • Care and use of instruments used • Administration of personal care services

Personal Service Practices • Sterilization of instruments – hairdressers, aestheticians, and other service providers

• Sterilization by autoclave of instruments – body piercing and tattoo marking

• Cleaning hands

History of Hygienic Practices Edgel May C. Bayag, M.D.

Hindu texts • Manusmriti • Vishnu Purana • Bathing: Nitya karmas (daily duties) in Sikhism • Ritual Purity and were not informed by an understanding of the causes of diseases and their means of transmission

Roman Civilization • • • •

Baths Aqueduct-fed flow Sewers Toilets

th 19

C, West

• Cesspools  • Cholera (Dr. John Snow) – Fecal contamination of water

• Sewers • Flush Toilet • Indoor and Private Bathrooms

Islamic World • Ritually clean in time for daily prayer • Islamic Dietary Laws • Qur’an – Uphold High Standards of Physical Hygiene – Ritually Clean •

Ancient Europe • • • •

Soapmaking in Dark Ages Scented Oils (Egypt) Sweat-Bathing and Perfume Public Bathing – Environment of Immorality & Disease – Syphilis Epidemics

Thank You