Edexcel A-level Bio5 January 2007 Qp
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- Pages: 20
Surname
Centre No.
Initial(s)
Paper Reference
6 1 0 5
Candidate No.
0 1
Signature
Paper Reference(s)
6105/01
Examiner’s use only
Edexcel GCE
Team Leader’s use only
Biology Advanced Unit 5B
Question Leave Number Blank
1
Wednesday 24 January 2007 – Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
2 3 4 5
Materials required for examination Ruler
Items included with question papers Nil
6 7
Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature. Check that you have the correct question paper. Answer ALL SEVEN questions in the spaces provided in this booklet. Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used. Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.
Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). The total mark for this question paper is 70.
Advice to Candidates You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling. The Synoptic section (Questions 4 to 7) is designed to give you the opportunity to make connections between different areas of biology and to use skills and ideas developed throughout the course in new contexts. You should include in your answers any relevant information from the whole of your course.
Total This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2007 Edexcel Limited. Printer’s Log. No.
N24736A W850/R6105/57570 7/7/7/3/800
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*N24736A0120*
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Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided. 1.
The table below refers to plant growth substances and their functions. Complete the table by inserting the correct word or words in the spaces provided.
Plant growth substance
One function Used in weed killers
Gibberellin Cytokinin Involved in leaf fall Ethene Q1 (Total 5 marks)
2
*N24736A0220*
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2.
The diagram below shows a pair of homologous chromosomes (a bivalent) during meiosis. A
B
C
(a) (i) Name one stage of meiosis during which homologous chromosomes might look like the ones shown in the diagram. ................................................................................................................................ (1) (ii) Name the structures labelled A, B and C on the diagram. A ................................................................................... B ................................................................................... C ................................................................................... (2)
*N24736A0320*
3
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(b) Guinea pigs are popular pets that have variations in both the colour and texture of their fur. The allele for black fur (B) is dominant to the allele for white fur (b). The allele for rough fur (R) is dominant to the allele for smooth fur (r). In a breeding experiment, a homozygous black, rough-furred guinea pig was crossed with a homozygous white, smooth-furred guinea pig. This cross was repeated several times to give offspring in the F1 generation. (i) State the genotype and the phenotype of the F1 generation. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (1) (ii) Several of the offspring in the F1 generation were interbred to produce an F2 generation. The phenotypes present in the F2 generation are shown below. Give the expected ratio of the different phenotypes in the F2 generation by writing appropriate numbers in the spaces below. Black with rough fur
= .......................................
Black with smooth fur = .......................................
White with rough fur = .......................................
White with smooth fur = ....................................... (1)
4
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(iii) The numbers of the different phenotypes in the offspring in the F2 generation produced as a result of interbreeding are given in the table below.
Phenotypes Black with rough fur
Number 31
Black with smooth fur
4
White with rough fur
2
White with smooth fur
11
With reference to the expected ratio of phenotypes in the F2 generation, suggest an explanation for the results shown in the table above. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (4)
Q2
(Total 9 marks)
*N24736A0520*
5
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3.
(a) (i) In the space below, draw a low power plan of a cross-section through a typical dicotyledonous leaf, to show the distribution of the tissues. On your plan label the palisade mesophyll, the spongy mesophyll and the lower epidermis. Do not include any cells.
(5) (ii) Explain the role, in the process of photosynthesis, of each of the tissues you have labelled in (a)(i). ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (3) 6
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(b) Plants that live in shady areas have leaves that are adapted to growing in low light intensity. Suggest how the structure of one of these leaves might differ from the leaf that you have drawn in (a)(i). ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (2)
Q3
(Total 10 marks)
*N24736A0720*
7
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Synoptic Section The questions in this section are designed to give you the opportunity to make connections between different areas of biology and to use skills and ideas developed throughout the course in new contexts. You should include in your answers any relevant information from the whole of your course. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
The diagram below shows part of a cell surface membrane. C
B
{ A
(a) (i) Name the parts labelled A and B. A .................................................................................. B .................................................................................. (1) (ii) Name the molecule labelled C and state its role. Molecule C: ............................................................................................................ Role ......................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (2)
8
*N24736A0820*
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(b) Cell surface membranes can fragment forming small pieces. These small pieces curl in on themselves to form membrane-bound vesicles filled with liquid. In an experiment, the vesicles were immersed in a solution of sodium chloride in a water bath kept at 23 °C. The concentration of sodium ions in the liquid inside the vesicles was measured over a period of five minutes. The procedure was repeated with ATP added to the sodium chloride solution. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph below.
6±
With ATP
5± Concentration 4 ± of sodium ions inside the 3± vesicles / arbitrary 2± units
4
±
3
±
2
±
1
±
±
0± 0
±
1± 5
Without ATP
Time / minutes (i) Using the information in the graph, suggest how sodium ions are transported across the cell surface membrane into the liquid in the vesicles. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (4)
*N24736A0920*
9
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(ii) The loop of Henlé is part of a renal (kidney) nephron. Explain the role of sodium and chloride ion transport in the loop of Henlé. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (4) (Total 11 marks)
10
*N24736A01020*
Q4
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BLANK PAGE
*N24736A01120*
11
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5.
The water flea, Daphnia, is a type of aquatic invertebrate found in fresh water. An investigation was carried out to determine the effect of different concentrations of caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia. After being kept at a temperature of 25 °C, individual Daphnia were placed on microscope slides in a few drops of caffeine solution. After one minute, the heart rate of each Daphnia was counted. This procedure was repeated ten times for each concentration of caffeine to obtain a mean heart rate. The results are shown in the table below.
Concentration of caffeine / parts per million
Mean heart rate / beats per second
1000
5.6
100
4.9
10
4.4
1
4.1
0.1
4.0
0.01
3.9
0.001
3.8
0.0001
3.7
0.00001
3.7
0.0 (control)
3.7 Data adapted from R. Foster JBE 4,31
(a) (i) Describe the relationship between mean heart rate and caffeine concentration. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (3) 12
*N24736A01220*
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(ii) Calculate the percentage increase in the mean heart rate between the control and the solution containing 1000 parts per million of caffeine. Show your working.
Answer .................................... % (2) (b) Explain the purpose of the control in this investigation. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (1) (c) Explain why Daphnia were kept at a constant temperature throughout the investigation. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3)
*N24736A01320*
13
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(d) Nicotine is another drug that will change the heart rate. Describe the effect of nicotine on a synapse. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (2) (Total 11 marks)
14
*N24736A01420*
Q5
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BLANK PAGE
*N24736A01520*
15
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6.
The diagram below shows a summary of the breakdown of starch in the human digestive system. Starch
Disaccharide X
Glucose
(a) Identify disaccharide X and explain how it is converted into glucose in the ileum. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3) (b) Describe three features of the ileum which enable it to absorb glucose efficiently. 1 ..................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... 2 ..................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... 3 ..................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3) 16
*N24736A01620*
Leave blank
(c) After a high carbohydrate meal, the blood glucose level changes. Explain how the blood glucose level is regulated. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (6)
Q6
(Total 12 marks)
*N24736A01720*
17
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Leave blank
7.
An area of abandoned grassland was studied over a period of more than 100 years. During that time, there were changes to the plant communities which resulted in changes to the number of species and population density of small birds. The table below shows the changes. Time since abandoned / years
1–10
10–25
25–100
100 +
Plant community
Grass
Shrubs
Number of species of small birds
2
8
15
19
Population density of small birds / number of birds per 40 hectares
54
246
226
466
Pine trees Mixed woodland
(a) State the name that is given to the process by which communities change over time. ....................................................................................................................................... (1)
18
*N24736A01820*
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(b) Describe the effect of the change in the plant community on the number of species of small birds. Give reasons for your answer. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (5)
QUESTION 7 CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
*N24736A01920*
19
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(c) The population density of birds drops when shrubs are replaced by pine trees, but then increases with the change to mixed woodland. Suggest reasons for these changes in population density. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (2) (d) The mixed woodland is the final climax community. Describe and explain two ways in which woodland can be damaged by human activities. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (4) (Total 12 marks) TOTAL FOR PAPER: 70 MARKS
END 20
*N24736A02020*
Q7
Centre No.
Initial(s)
Paper Reference
6 1 0 5
Candidate No.
0 1
Signature
Paper Reference(s)
6105/01
Examiner’s use only
Edexcel GCE
Team Leader’s use only
Biology Advanced Unit 5B
Question Leave Number Blank
1
Wednesday 24 January 2007 – Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
2 3 4 5
Materials required for examination Ruler
Items included with question papers Nil
6 7
Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature. Check that you have the correct question paper. Answer ALL SEVEN questions in the spaces provided in this booklet. Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used. Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.
Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). The total mark for this question paper is 70.
Advice to Candidates You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling. The Synoptic section (Questions 4 to 7) is designed to give you the opportunity to make connections between different areas of biology and to use skills and ideas developed throughout the course in new contexts. You should include in your answers any relevant information from the whole of your course.
Total This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2007 Edexcel Limited. Printer’s Log. No.
N24736A W850/R6105/57570 7/7/7/3/800
Turn over
*N24736A0120*
Leave blank
Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided. 1.
The table below refers to plant growth substances and their functions. Complete the table by inserting the correct word or words in the spaces provided.
Plant growth substance
One function Used in weed killers
Gibberellin Cytokinin Involved in leaf fall Ethene Q1 (Total 5 marks)
2
*N24736A0220*
Leave blank
2.
The diagram below shows a pair of homologous chromosomes (a bivalent) during meiosis. A
B
C
(a) (i) Name one stage of meiosis during which homologous chromosomes might look like the ones shown in the diagram. ................................................................................................................................ (1) (ii) Name the structures labelled A, B and C on the diagram. A ................................................................................... B ................................................................................... C ................................................................................... (2)
*N24736A0320*
3
Turn over
Leave blank
(b) Guinea pigs are popular pets that have variations in both the colour and texture of their fur. The allele for black fur (B) is dominant to the allele for white fur (b). The allele for rough fur (R) is dominant to the allele for smooth fur (r). In a breeding experiment, a homozygous black, rough-furred guinea pig was crossed with a homozygous white, smooth-furred guinea pig. This cross was repeated several times to give offspring in the F1 generation. (i) State the genotype and the phenotype of the F1 generation. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (1) (ii) Several of the offspring in the F1 generation were interbred to produce an F2 generation. The phenotypes present in the F2 generation are shown below. Give the expected ratio of the different phenotypes in the F2 generation by writing appropriate numbers in the spaces below. Black with rough fur
= .......................................
Black with smooth fur = .......................................
White with rough fur = .......................................
White with smooth fur = ....................................... (1)
4
*N24736A0420*
Leave blank
(iii) The numbers of the different phenotypes in the offspring in the F2 generation produced as a result of interbreeding are given in the table below.
Phenotypes Black with rough fur
Number 31
Black with smooth fur
4
White with rough fur
2
White with smooth fur
11
With reference to the expected ratio of phenotypes in the F2 generation, suggest an explanation for the results shown in the table above. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (4)
Q2
(Total 9 marks)
*N24736A0520*
5
Turn over
Leave blank
3.
(a) (i) In the space below, draw a low power plan of a cross-section through a typical dicotyledonous leaf, to show the distribution of the tissues. On your plan label the palisade mesophyll, the spongy mesophyll and the lower epidermis. Do not include any cells.
(5) (ii) Explain the role, in the process of photosynthesis, of each of the tissues you have labelled in (a)(i). ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (3) 6
*N24736A0620*
Leave blank
(b) Plants that live in shady areas have leaves that are adapted to growing in low light intensity. Suggest how the structure of one of these leaves might differ from the leaf that you have drawn in (a)(i). ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (2)
Q3
(Total 10 marks)
*N24736A0720*
7
Turn over
Leave blank
Synoptic Section The questions in this section are designed to give you the opportunity to make connections between different areas of biology and to use skills and ideas developed throughout the course in new contexts. You should include in your answers any relevant information from the whole of your course. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
The diagram below shows part of a cell surface membrane. C
B
{ A
(a) (i) Name the parts labelled A and B. A .................................................................................. B .................................................................................. (1) (ii) Name the molecule labelled C and state its role. Molecule C: ............................................................................................................ Role ......................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (2)
8
*N24736A0820*
Leave blank
(b) Cell surface membranes can fragment forming small pieces. These small pieces curl in on themselves to form membrane-bound vesicles filled with liquid. In an experiment, the vesicles were immersed in a solution of sodium chloride in a water bath kept at 23 °C. The concentration of sodium ions in the liquid inside the vesicles was measured over a period of five minutes. The procedure was repeated with ATP added to the sodium chloride solution. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph below.
6±
With ATP
5± Concentration 4 ± of sodium ions inside the 3± vesicles / arbitrary 2± units
4
±
3
±
2
±
1
±
±
0± 0
±
1± 5
Without ATP
Time / minutes (i) Using the information in the graph, suggest how sodium ions are transported across the cell surface membrane into the liquid in the vesicles. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (4)
*N24736A0920*
9
Turn over
Leave blank
(ii) The loop of Henlé is part of a renal (kidney) nephron. Explain the role of sodium and chloride ion transport in the loop of Henlé. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (4) (Total 11 marks)
10
*N24736A01020*
Q4
Leave blank
BLANK PAGE
*N24736A01120*
11
Turn over
Leave blank
5.
The water flea, Daphnia, is a type of aquatic invertebrate found in fresh water. An investigation was carried out to determine the effect of different concentrations of caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia. After being kept at a temperature of 25 °C, individual Daphnia were placed on microscope slides in a few drops of caffeine solution. After one minute, the heart rate of each Daphnia was counted. This procedure was repeated ten times for each concentration of caffeine to obtain a mean heart rate. The results are shown in the table below.
Concentration of caffeine / parts per million
Mean heart rate / beats per second
1000
5.6
100
4.9
10
4.4
1
4.1
0.1
4.0
0.01
3.9
0.001
3.8
0.0001
3.7
0.00001
3.7
0.0 (control)
3.7 Data adapted from R. Foster JBE 4,31
(a) (i) Describe the relationship between mean heart rate and caffeine concentration. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ (3) 12
*N24736A01220*
Leave blank
(ii) Calculate the percentage increase in the mean heart rate between the control and the solution containing 1000 parts per million of caffeine. Show your working.
Answer .................................... % (2) (b) Explain the purpose of the control in this investigation. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (1) (c) Explain why Daphnia were kept at a constant temperature throughout the investigation. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3)
*N24736A01320*
13
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(d) Nicotine is another drug that will change the heart rate. Describe the effect of nicotine on a synapse. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (2) (Total 11 marks)
14
*N24736A01420*
Q5
Leave blank
BLANK PAGE
*N24736A01520*
15
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Leave blank
6.
The diagram below shows a summary of the breakdown of starch in the human digestive system. Starch
Disaccharide X
Glucose
(a) Identify disaccharide X and explain how it is converted into glucose in the ileum. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3) (b) Describe three features of the ileum which enable it to absorb glucose efficiently. 1 ..................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... 2 ..................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... 3 ..................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (3) 16
*N24736A01620*
Leave blank
(c) After a high carbohydrate meal, the blood glucose level changes. Explain how the blood glucose level is regulated. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (6)
Q6
(Total 12 marks)
*N24736A01720*
17
Turn over
Leave blank
7.
An area of abandoned grassland was studied over a period of more than 100 years. During that time, there were changes to the plant communities which resulted in changes to the number of species and population density of small birds. The table below shows the changes. Time since abandoned / years
1–10
10–25
25–100
100 +
Plant community
Grass
Shrubs
Number of species of small birds
2
8
15
19
Population density of small birds / number of birds per 40 hectares
54
246
226
466
Pine trees Mixed woodland
(a) State the name that is given to the process by which communities change over time. ....................................................................................................................................... (1)
18
*N24736A01820*
Leave blank
(b) Describe the effect of the change in the plant community on the number of species of small birds. Give reasons for your answer. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (5)
QUESTION 7 CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
*N24736A01920*
19
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(c) The population density of birds drops when shrubs are replaced by pine trees, but then increases with the change to mixed woodland. Suggest reasons for these changes in population density. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (2) (d) The mixed woodland is the final climax community. Describe and explain two ways in which woodland can be damaged by human activities. ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... (4) (Total 12 marks) TOTAL FOR PAPER: 70 MARKS
END 20
*N24736A02020*
Q7
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