Dsp
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- Words: 655
- Pages: 12
ramp input: y=input('Enter the length of the ramp sequence:'); t=1:1:y; subplot(1,1,1); stem(t,t); ylabel('Amplitude'); xlabel('|a|n'); title('Ramp Signal');
sine wave: t=0:.01:pi; y=sin(2*pi*t); subplot(1,1,1); stem(t,y); ylabel('Amplitude'); xlabel('|a|n'); title('Sine Signal'); step signals: n=input('Enter the N value:'); t=0:1:n-1; y=ones(1,n); subplot(1,1,1); stem(t,y); ylabel('Amplitude'); xlabel('|a|n'); title('Step Signal'); cosine wave
t=0:.01:pi; y=cos(2*pi*t); subplot(1,1,1); stem(t,y); ylabel('Amplitude'); xlabel('|a|n'); title('cosine Signal'); exponential wave: n=input('Enter the value:'); t=0:1:n-1;
page1..
a=input('Enter the value of a:'); y=exp(a*t); subplot(1,1,1); stem(t,y); ylabel('amplitude'); xlabel('|a|n'); title('Exponential Signal');
impulse input: t=-4:1:4; y=[zeros(1,4),ones(1,1),zeros(1,4)]; subplot(1,1,1); stem(t,y); ylabel('amplitude'); xlabel('|a|n'); title('Unit Impulse Signal'); circular convolution: clc; clear all; close all; x=[1,2,3]; h=[2,3,1]; x=x'; h=h'; z=[h,circshift(h,1),circshift(h,2),circshift(h,3)]; y=z*x; subplot(3,3,1); stem(x); subplot(3,3,2); stem(h); subplot(3,3,3); stem(y); xlabel('sequence'); ylabel('amp----->');
linear convolution x=[1,2,1]; h=[1,2]; y=conv(x,h); subplot(3,1,1); stem(x); subplot(3,1,2); stem(h);
page2..
subplot(3,1,3); stem(y); xlabel('sequence---->'); ylabel('amp------->');
deconvolution x=[1,2,1]; h=[1,2]; y=deconv(x,h); subplot(3,1,1); stem(x); subplot(3,1,2); stem(h); subplot(3,1,3); stem(y); xlabel('sequence---->'); ylabel('amp------->');
Sampling: fs1=50; t1=0:1/fs1:1; y1=5*sin(2*pi*5*t1); stem(t1,y1); title('sampling theorem'); aliasing: Clear all: t=-10:1:10; T=4; Fm=1/T; x=cos(2*pi*fm*t); fs1=1.6*fm; fs2=2*fm; n1=-4:1:4; xn1=cos(2*pi*n1*fm/fs1); Subplot (2,2,1); Plot (t,x);
page3..
xlabel('time in sec'); ylabel('x(t)'); title ('continous tine signal'); subplot (2,2,2); stem(n1,xn1); hold on; subplot(2,2,2); plot(n1,xn1); xlabel('n'); ylabel('x(n)'); title('discrete signal with fsfm'); fft clc; clear all; close all; xn=[1 1 1]; N=16; xk=fft(xn,N); magxk=abs(xk); avgxk=angle(xk); k=0:1:N-1; subplot(2,1,1);
page4..
stem(k,magxk); xlabel('k'); ylabel('|x(k)|'); subplot(2,1,2); stem(k,avgxk); xlabel('k'); ylabel('avgx(k)')
ifft: clc; clear all; close all; xn=[1 1 1]; N=16; xk=ifft(xn,N); magxk=abs(xk); avgxk=angle(xk); k=0:1:N-1; subplot(2,1,1); stem(k,magxk); xlabel('k'); ylabel('|x(k)|'); subplot(2,1,2); stem(k,avgxk); xlabel('k'); ylabel('avgx(k)'); Kaiser window clc; clear all; close all; alpha=0.1; alphas=44; ws=30;wp=20; wsf=100; B=ws-wp; wc=0.5*(ws+wp); wcr=wc*2*pi/wsf; D=(alphas-7.95)/14.36; N=ceil((wsf*D/B)+1); alpha=(N-1)/2; gamma=(0.5842*(alphas-21)^(0.4)+0.07886*(alphas-21));
page5…
n=0:1:N-1; hd=sin(wcr*(n-alpha))/(pi*(n-alpha)); bd(alpha+1)=0.5; wk=(kaiser(N,gamma)); hn=hd*wk; w=0:0.01:pi; h=freqz(hn,1,w); subplot(2,1,1); plot(w/pi,20*log10(abs(h))); title('Kaiser window'); ylabel('magnitude in db'); xlabel('normalised frequency'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(w/pi,angle(h)); ylabel('magnitude in db'); xlabel('normalised frequency');
windows: clc; clear all; close all; figure(1); wc=0.5*pi; N=10; alpha=(N-10)/2; eps=0.001; h=0:1:N-1; hd=sin(wc*(h-alpha+eps))/(pi*(h-alpha+eps)); wr=boxcar(N); hn=hd*wr; w=0:0.01:pi; h=freqz(hn,1,w); plot(w/pi,abs(h)); hold on; figure(2); wh=hanning(N); hn=wh*hd; w=0:0.01:pi; h=freqz(hn,1,w); plot(w/pi,abs(h),'-'); grid; ylabel('magnitude');
page6…
xlabel('normalised frequency'); hold off; figure(3); whn=hamming(N); hn=hd*whn; w=0:0.01:pi; hn=freqz(hn,1,w); plot(w/pi,abs(h),'-'); grid; hold off; figure(4); wb=blackman(N); hn=hd*wb; w=0:0.01:pi; hn=freqz(hn,1,w); plot(w/pi,abs(h),'-'); grid; ylabel('magnitude'); xlabel('normalised frequency'); hold off;
butterworth bandpass filter clc; clear all; close all; alphap=2; alphas=20; wp=[0.2*pi,0.4*pi]; ws=[0.1*pi,0.5*pi]; [n,wn]=buttord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=butter(n,wn); w=0:0.01:pi; [b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log(abs(b)); an=angle(b); subplot(2,1,1); plot(pb/pi,m); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('gain in db');
page7…
title('Butterworth band pass filter'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(pb/pi,an); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('phase in radians');
butterworth highpass filter clc; clear all; close all; alphap=0.4; alphas=30; fp=400; fs=800; F=2000; omp=2*fp/F;oms=2*fs/F; [n,wn]=buttord(omp,oms,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=butter(n,wn,'high'); w=0:0.01:pi; [n,om]=freqz(b,a,w); m=abs(n); an=angle(n); subplot(2,1,1); plot(om/pi,20*log(m)); grid; title('Butterworth high pass filter'); ylabel('gain in db'); xlabel('normalized frequency'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(om/pi,an); grid; ylabel('phase radius'); xlabel('normalized frequency');
band pass band reject filter clc; clear all; close all; alphap=2; alphas=20; wp=[0.2*pi,0.4*pi];
page8..
ws=[0.1*pi,0.5*pi]; [n,wn]=buttord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=butter(n,wn,'stop'); w=0:0.01:pi; [b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log(abs(b)); an=angle(b); subplot(2,1,1); plot(pb/pi,m); grid; title('Butterworth band reject filter'); xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('gain in db'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(pb/pi,an); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('phase in radians');
butterworth low passfilter clc; clear all; close all; alphap=0.4; alphas=30; fp=400; fs=800; F=2000; omp=2*fp/F;oms=2*fs/F; [n,wn]=buttord(omp,oms,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=butter(n,wn); w=0:0.01:pi; [n,om]=freqz(b,a,w,'whole'); m=abs(n); an=angle(n); subplot(2,1,1); plot(om/pi,20*log(m)); grid; title('Butterworth low pass filter'); xlabel('normalized frequency'); ylabel('gain in db');
page9…
subplot(2,1,2); plot(om/pi,an); grid; ylabel('phase radius'); xlabel('normalized frequency');
chebychev type1-bandpassfilter: clc; clear all; close all; alphap=2; alphas=20; wp=[0.2*pi,0.4*pi]; ws=[0.1*pi,0.5*pi]; [n,wn]=buttord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=cheby1(n,alphap,wn); w=0:0.01:pi; [b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log(abs(b)); an=angle(b); subplot(2,1,1); plot(pb/pi,m); grid; title('Chebychev type-1 band pass flter'); xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('gain in db'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(pb/pi,an); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('phase in radians');
chebychev type1-lowpassfilter: clc; clear all; close all; alphap=1; alphas=15; wp=0.2*pi; ws=0.3*pi;
page10…
[n,wn]=cheb1ord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=cheby1(n,alphap,wn); w=0:0.01:pi; [b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log(abs(b)); an=angle(b); subplot(2,1,1); plot(pb/pi,m); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('gain in db'); title('Chebychev type-1 low pass flter'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(pb/pi,an); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('phase in radians');
chebychev type2-bandrejectfilter: clc; clear all; close all; alphap=2; alphas=20; wp=[0.2*pi,0.4*pi]; ws=[0.1*pi,0.5*pi]; [n,wn]=cheb2ord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=cheby2(n,alphas,wn,'stop'); w=0:0.01:pi; [b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log(abs(b)); an=angle(b); subplot(2,1,1); plot(pb/pi,m); grid; title('Chebychev type-2 band reject filter'); xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('gain in db'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(pb/pi,an); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency');
page11…
ylabel('phase in radians');
chebychev type2-lowpassfilter: clc; clear all; close all; alphap=1; alphas=20; wp=0.2*pi; ws=0.3*pi; [n,wn]=cheb2ord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=cheby2(n,alphas,wn); w=0:0.01:pi; [b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log(abs(b)); an=angle(b); subplot(2,1,1); plot(pb/pi,m); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('gain in db'); title('Chebychev type-2 low pass flter'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(pb/pi,an); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('phase in radians');
page12…
sine wave: t=0:.01:pi; y=sin(2*pi*t); subplot(1,1,1); stem(t,y); ylabel('Amplitude'); xlabel('|a|n'); title('Sine Signal'); step signals: n=input('Enter the N value:'); t=0:1:n-1; y=ones(1,n); subplot(1,1,1); stem(t,y); ylabel('Amplitude'); xlabel('|a|n'); title('Step Signal'); cosine wave
t=0:.01:pi; y=cos(2*pi*t); subplot(1,1,1); stem(t,y); ylabel('Amplitude'); xlabel('|a|n'); title('cosine Signal'); exponential wave: n=input('Enter the value:'); t=0:1:n-1;
page1..
a=input('Enter the value of a:'); y=exp(a*t); subplot(1,1,1); stem(t,y); ylabel('amplitude'); xlabel('|a|n'); title('Exponential Signal');
impulse input: t=-4:1:4; y=[zeros(1,4),ones(1,1),zeros(1,4)]; subplot(1,1,1); stem(t,y); ylabel('amplitude'); xlabel('|a|n'); title('Unit Impulse Signal'); circular convolution: clc; clear all; close all; x=[1,2,3]; h=[2,3,1]; x=x'; h=h'; z=[h,circshift(h,1),circshift(h,2),circshift(h,3)]; y=z*x; subplot(3,3,1); stem(x); subplot(3,3,2); stem(h); subplot(3,3,3); stem(y); xlabel('sequence'); ylabel('amp----->');
linear convolution x=[1,2,1]; h=[1,2]; y=conv(x,h); subplot(3,1,1); stem(x); subplot(3,1,2); stem(h);
page2..
subplot(3,1,3); stem(y); xlabel('sequence---->'); ylabel('amp------->');
deconvolution x=[1,2,1]; h=[1,2]; y=deconv(x,h); subplot(3,1,1); stem(x); subplot(3,1,2); stem(h); subplot(3,1,3); stem(y); xlabel('sequence---->'); ylabel('amp------->');
Sampling: fs1=50; t1=0:1/fs1:1; y1=5*sin(2*pi*5*t1); stem(t1,y1); title('sampling theorem'); aliasing: Clear all: t=-10:1:10; T=4; Fm=1/T; x=cos(2*pi*fm*t); fs1=1.6*fm; fs2=2*fm; n1=-4:1:4; xn1=cos(2*pi*n1*fm/fs1); Subplot (2,2,1); Plot (t,x);
page3..
xlabel('time in sec'); ylabel('x(t)'); title ('continous tine signal'); subplot (2,2,2); stem(n1,xn1); hold on; subplot(2,2,2); plot(n1,xn1); xlabel('n'); ylabel('x(n)'); title('discrete signal with fs
page4..
stem(k,magxk); xlabel('k'); ylabel('|x(k)|'); subplot(2,1,2); stem(k,avgxk); xlabel('k'); ylabel('avgx(k)')
ifft: clc; clear all; close all; xn=[1 1 1]; N=16; xk=ifft(xn,N); magxk=abs(xk); avgxk=angle(xk); k=0:1:N-1; subplot(2,1,1); stem(k,magxk); xlabel('k'); ylabel('|x(k)|'); subplot(2,1,2); stem(k,avgxk); xlabel('k'); ylabel('avgx(k)'); Kaiser window clc; clear all; close all; alpha=0.1; alphas=44; ws=30;wp=20; wsf=100; B=ws-wp; wc=0.5*(ws+wp); wcr=wc*2*pi/wsf; D=(alphas-7.95)/14.36; N=ceil((wsf*D/B)+1); alpha=(N-1)/2; gamma=(0.5842*(alphas-21)^(0.4)+0.07886*(alphas-21));
page5…
n=0:1:N-1; hd=sin(wcr*(n-alpha))/(pi*(n-alpha)); bd(alpha+1)=0.5; wk=(kaiser(N,gamma)); hn=hd*wk; w=0:0.01:pi; h=freqz(hn,1,w); subplot(2,1,1); plot(w/pi,20*log10(abs(h))); title('Kaiser window'); ylabel('magnitude in db'); xlabel('normalised frequency'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(w/pi,angle(h)); ylabel('magnitude in db'); xlabel('normalised frequency');
windows: clc; clear all; close all; figure(1); wc=0.5*pi; N=10; alpha=(N-10)/2; eps=0.001; h=0:1:N-1; hd=sin(wc*(h-alpha+eps))/(pi*(h-alpha+eps)); wr=boxcar(N); hn=hd*wr; w=0:0.01:pi; h=freqz(hn,1,w); plot(w/pi,abs(h)); hold on; figure(2); wh=hanning(N); hn=wh*hd; w=0:0.01:pi; h=freqz(hn,1,w); plot(w/pi,abs(h),'-'); grid; ylabel('magnitude');
page6…
xlabel('normalised frequency'); hold off; figure(3); whn=hamming(N); hn=hd*whn; w=0:0.01:pi; hn=freqz(hn,1,w); plot(w/pi,abs(h),'-'); grid; hold off; figure(4); wb=blackman(N); hn=hd*wb; w=0:0.01:pi; hn=freqz(hn,1,w); plot(w/pi,abs(h),'-'); grid; ylabel('magnitude'); xlabel('normalised frequency'); hold off;
butterworth bandpass filter clc; clear all; close all; alphap=2; alphas=20; wp=[0.2*pi,0.4*pi]; ws=[0.1*pi,0.5*pi]; [n,wn]=buttord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=butter(n,wn); w=0:0.01:pi; [b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log(abs(b)); an=angle(b); subplot(2,1,1); plot(pb/pi,m); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('gain in db');
page7…
title('Butterworth band pass filter'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(pb/pi,an); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('phase in radians');
butterworth highpass filter clc; clear all; close all; alphap=0.4; alphas=30; fp=400; fs=800; F=2000; omp=2*fp/F;oms=2*fs/F; [n,wn]=buttord(omp,oms,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=butter(n,wn,'high'); w=0:0.01:pi; [n,om]=freqz(b,a,w); m=abs(n); an=angle(n); subplot(2,1,1); plot(om/pi,20*log(m)); grid; title('Butterworth high pass filter'); ylabel('gain in db'); xlabel('normalized frequency'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(om/pi,an); grid; ylabel('phase radius'); xlabel('normalized frequency');
band pass band reject filter clc; clear all; close all; alphap=2; alphas=20; wp=[0.2*pi,0.4*pi];
page8..
ws=[0.1*pi,0.5*pi]; [n,wn]=buttord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=butter(n,wn,'stop'); w=0:0.01:pi; [b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log(abs(b)); an=angle(b); subplot(2,1,1); plot(pb/pi,m); grid; title('Butterworth band reject filter'); xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('gain in db'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(pb/pi,an); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('phase in radians');
butterworth low passfilter clc; clear all; close all; alphap=0.4; alphas=30; fp=400; fs=800; F=2000; omp=2*fp/F;oms=2*fs/F; [n,wn]=buttord(omp,oms,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=butter(n,wn); w=0:0.01:pi; [n,om]=freqz(b,a,w,'whole'); m=abs(n); an=angle(n); subplot(2,1,1); plot(om/pi,20*log(m)); grid; title('Butterworth low pass filter'); xlabel('normalized frequency'); ylabel('gain in db');
page9…
subplot(2,1,2); plot(om/pi,an); grid; ylabel('phase radius'); xlabel('normalized frequency');
chebychev type1-bandpassfilter: clc; clear all; close all; alphap=2; alphas=20; wp=[0.2*pi,0.4*pi]; ws=[0.1*pi,0.5*pi]; [n,wn]=buttord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=cheby1(n,alphap,wn); w=0:0.01:pi; [b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log(abs(b)); an=angle(b); subplot(2,1,1); plot(pb/pi,m); grid; title('Chebychev type-1 band pass flter'); xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('gain in db'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(pb/pi,an); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('phase in radians');
chebychev type1-lowpassfilter: clc; clear all; close all; alphap=1; alphas=15; wp=0.2*pi; ws=0.3*pi;
page10…
[n,wn]=cheb1ord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=cheby1(n,alphap,wn); w=0:0.01:pi; [b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log(abs(b)); an=angle(b); subplot(2,1,1); plot(pb/pi,m); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('gain in db'); title('Chebychev type-1 low pass flter'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(pb/pi,an); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('phase in radians');
chebychev type2-bandrejectfilter: clc; clear all; close all; alphap=2; alphas=20; wp=[0.2*pi,0.4*pi]; ws=[0.1*pi,0.5*pi]; [n,wn]=cheb2ord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=cheby2(n,alphas,wn,'stop'); w=0:0.01:pi; [b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log(abs(b)); an=angle(b); subplot(2,1,1); plot(pb/pi,m); grid; title('Chebychev type-2 band reject filter'); xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('gain in db'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(pb/pi,an); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency');
page11…
ylabel('phase in radians');
chebychev type2-lowpassfilter: clc; clear all; close all; alphap=1; alphas=20; wp=0.2*pi; ws=0.3*pi; [n,wn]=cheb2ord(wp/pi,ws/pi,alphap,alphas); [b,a]=cheby2(n,alphas,wn); w=0:0.01:pi; [b,pb]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log(abs(b)); an=angle(b); subplot(2,1,1); plot(pb/pi,m); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('gain in db'); title('Chebychev type-2 low pass flter'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(pb/pi,an); grid; xlabel('normalised frequency'); ylabel('phase in radians');
page12…
