Drug Study2-savina Paulino

cloxacillin Generic Name: cloxacillin (klox a SILL in) Brand Names: Cloxapen, Tegopen

Mechanism of Action Cloxacillin is resistant to degradation by penicillinases. It is particularly useful against penicillinase-producing staphylococci. Highly active against S aureus, S pyogenes, S viridans and S pneumoniae. Indication & Dosage Oral TREATMENT OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS RESISTANT TO BENZYLPENICILLIN Adult: 250-500 mg 4 times daily. Child: 50-100 mg/kg in divided doses every 6 hr. Administration Should be taken on an empty stomach (i.e. At least one hour before food or four hours after food). (Take on an empty stomach 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals.) Pregnancy Category (US FDA)

Category B: Either animal-reproduction studies have not demonstrated a foetal risk but there are no controlled studies in pregnant women or animalreproduction studies have shown an adverse effect (other than a decrease in fertility) that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in the 1st trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters). Contraindications Hypersensitivity to penicillins.

Precautions Renal impairment; pregnancy and lactation. Porphyria. Potentially Life-threatening Adverse Drug Reactions Neuromuscular hypersensitivity; pseudomembranous colitis; anaphylaxis. Adverse Drug Reactions Neutropenia, agranulocytosis; GI upsets; rash. Sore mouth or tongue. Black hairy tongue. Potentially Hazardous Interactions Increased hypoprothrombinaemic effects of oral anticoagulants. Interactions Co-admin of probenecid or disulfiram may result in higher cloxacillin concentration. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline antagonise bactericidal effect of penicillins.

Dopamine HCL Brand Name: Dopamine Generic Name: Dopamine Hydrochloride

(Intropin®) Class:

Sympathomimetic

Route:

IV or intraosseous piggyback

Adult Dose:

2-10mcg/kg/minute - BioTel authorization only, as follows • 400mg dopamine in 250mL NS (1600mcg/mL) • 800mg dopamine in 500mL NS (1600mcg/mL) Refer to the Drug Drip Chart in Protocol Appendix for the number of drops per minute to deliver the BioTel authorized order

Pediatric Dose

10mcg/kg/minute - BioTel authorization only, as follows • 400mg dopamine in 250mL NS (1600mcg/mL) • 800mg dopamine in 500mL NS (1600mcg/mL) Refer to the Drug Drip Chart in Protocol Appendix for the number of drops per minute to deliver the BioTel authorized order

Drug Action:

• At low doses, increases perfusion to kidneys and abdominal organs

• At moderate doses, increases force and rate of ventricular contractions • At high doses, peripheral vasoconstrictor Onset:

2 minutes - 4 minutes

Duration:

10 minutes - 15 minutes

Indications:

• Cardiogenic shock with systolic blood pressure between 70mmHg90mmHg • Symptomatic bradycardia unresponsive to atropine or TCP

Precautions:

• Start IV’s in the antecubital fossa to lower risk of infiltration, and while administering, continually check IV site for patency and signs/symptoms of infiltration. • Do not mix with sodium bicarbonate; flush tubing well between drugs • Continually monitor ECG, heart rate and blood pressure.

Side Effects:

• Tissue necrosis with infiltration • Hypertension • Tachycardia • Arrhythmias

Contraindications: Hypovolemic shock

dobutamine Hcl Dobutrex Uses Dobutamine Hcl is used to treat heart conditions. The medication provides additional pumping strength by stimulating the heart muscle. Storage • • • • •

Dobutamine diluted in IV solutions should be used within 24 hours. Freezing should be avoided. Refrigerate IV solutions until use. Pink discoloration is harmless if medication is used within proper time limits. Store away from moisture and light.

Overdose • •

If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, tremor, headache, shortness of breath, and chest pain.

How To Use •

Dobutamine Hcl is given by IV infusion under the supervision of

•

your doctor, nurse and/or pharmacist. The medication is diluted to at least 50 ml fluid before use.

Side Effects • • •

•

Headache, nausea or vomiting and restlessness may occur. Notify your doctor if any of these effects continue or become bothersome. Notify your doctor if any of the following effects occur: muscle cramps or weakness, chest pain, trouble breathing, dizziness, palpitations, rash. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Precautions • • • • •

Tell your doctor if you have: liver disease, any allergies, pheochromocytoma, irregular heartbeat/arrhythmias. Dobutamine Hcl should be used only when clearly needed during pregnancy. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. It is not known whether Dobutamine Hcl is excreted into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding to review risks.

Missed Dose •

Follow instructions from your health care provider if you have problems with your IV infusion, or if treatment is interrupted.

Drug Interactions • •

• •

Tell your doctor of any nonprescription or prescription medicines you take, especially of: antidepressants (esp. tricyclics), maprotiline, beta-blockers, digoxin, reserpine, MAO inhibitors (e.g., furazolidone, linezolid, phenelzine, selegiline, tranylcypromine), methyldopa, guanethidine. Dobutamine cannot be mixed with alkaline solutions such as sodium bicarbonate. Several other advisories apply to mixing or administering Dobutamine Hcl.

• •

The pharmacist can assist with any questions or further information. Do not start or stop any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval.