Doktorarbeit Radar, Phd Thesis

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Determination of Optimal Sensor Parameters for Reliable Detection of Vehicles by Airborne and Space-based Radars. Inaugural Doctoral Thesis provided by

Roger M David Y Wolf Diplom Ingenieur, Diplom Ingenieur

A dissertation submitted in way of partial fulfillment of the requirements for the academic degree of the Doctor of Philosophy in Electro Magnetic Engineering & Technology (Doc. Eng. el. sc.)

Chair of Electro Magnetic ... Prof. Dr. ... Prof. Dr. ... University of ...

This thesis is a draft.

Contents A)

Polarimetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

1

Plane Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

a)

Maxwell’s Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

b)

Differential Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2

c)

Material Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2

d)

Linear medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

e)

Wave Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

Wave Polarisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

2

a)

Special Cases of Polarisations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

3

Polarisation Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

4

Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

5

Stokes Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

6

Jones Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

7

Change of Polarisation Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16

8

Polarimetric Description of Scatterers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

a)

Jones Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

b)

Stokes Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

c)

Polarisation Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18

Scattering Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19

9 I

Synthetic Aperture Radar

21

A)

Synthetic Aperture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21

B)

Operation Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

C)

Received signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23

1

Point Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24

2

Azimuth Doppler Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

a)

Doppler Centroid and Doppler Rate . . . . . . . . . . .

26

3

Impulse Modulation and Chirp Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26

4

Optimal Filter Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27

5

Impulse Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

a)

Geometric Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29

b)

PSLR and ISLR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29

I

D) E)

Imaging of distributed targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

1

Statistical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

Signal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31

1

System Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31

2

Processing Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32

a)

Time Domain Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33

b)

Frequency Domain Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33

3

RF Subsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37

4

Pseudochannel Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38

5

SAR Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38

6

MTI Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39

II

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