Docsity-determination-of-viscosity-of-various-oil-samples-thermodynamics-project-report.pdf

A PROJECT REPORT ON DETERMINATION OF VISCOSITY OF VARIOUS OIL SAMPLES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Before I go into thick of this project. I would like to add a few heartfelt words for the teachers who were part of this project in numerous ways. Teachers who gave unending support right from the stage, the project Ideas was conceived. There are times in such project when the clock beats me times and again and again and I run out of energy and just want to finish it once such times only God helped me. I would like to thanks God and my parents who made me endure with their unfeeling humor and warm wishes.

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And finally heartfelt appreciation to my friends who made me to dive deeper and deeper to work on this project to an extent. I wish to thanks Mr. M.K. Sehgal (The chairman) and Mr. S.C. Verma (The Principal) for their kindness and providing apparatus to me.

CONTENTS 1.

Introduction

2.

Theory

3.

Procedure

4.

Observations

5.

Calculations

6.

Result

7.

Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION This project is based on the determination on viscosity of Various lubricating oils. Any substance which is introduced between two moving surfaces in order to reduce the frictional resistance and thus minimize their wear and tear by the dissipation of heat energy developed is called lubricant. The absolute viscosity us determined by measuring the rate of flow of the oil through a capillary tube kept at a uniform temperature but in case of lubricating oils, specific viscosity is generally determined by measuring the time taken for a given kindly of oil to flow through a jet of standard size under standard conditions. Here Viscosity of various lubrications oil samples has been determine by red wood viscometer.

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THEORY Viscosity is a measure of flow ability at definite temperature. It is resistance offered by a liquid towards flow. In other words viscosity is reverse of fluidity. Viscosity determines the performance of an oil under the operating condition. A Lubricating oil should have sufficient viscosity to enable it to stay in position. In case of machines moving at slow speeds, a heavy oil (high viscosity) should be used as lubricant and in case of machines, moving at high speeds, a light oil (Low viscosity) should be used as lubricant. Viscosity is measured with three types of standard viscometers namely redwood, engler and saybolt. Redwood viscometers are available in 2 sizes - No. 1 and No. 2. the two viscometers, RW1 and RW2 are identical in principle, shape and mode of testing a sample. The difference is in the dimensions of the jet. Viscometer

Diameter

Length of the jet.

RW1

1.62 mm

10 mm

RW2

3.8 mm

50 mm

The RW1 will correctly indicate the viscosity for a liquid having flow time between 30 seconds to 2000 seconds. If flow time measured with this apparatus for any oil Exceeds 2000 Seconds the test should be repeated with RW2 which will gave the correct value of viscosity. The rate of discharge of the oil through RW2 is nearly ten times the discharge through RW1. therefore RW1 is commonly used for thin oils and RW2 is used for heavy or highly viscous oils.

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PROCEDURE

Level the viscometer with the help of leveling screws. Fill the water bath with water and connect to the electric mains. Clean the oil cup with a suitable solvent like CCl4, benzene and properly dry it. Place the ball valve on the agate jet to close it and pour the oil under test carefully upto the pointer. Insert a thermometer and stirrer and cover the lid. Adjust the temperature of quarter bath until the oil attains the desired constant temperature and keep stirring the water in the water bath and the oil in the oil cup. Keep the kohlrausch flask below the agate jet so that the oil touches the neck of the flask. When the oil attains the constant desired temperature, lift the ball valve and simultaneously start the stop watch, and note down the time in seconds. Repeat the same experiment for other lubricating oils. Report the viscosity of oil as redwood seconds. The jet valve should be closed immediately after stopping the stop watch to prevent over flow. The oils from the kohlraush flash should be drained out completely after each reading. For next reading the flash should be washed with solvent and dried.

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OBSERVATIONS It is observed that viscosity of an oil decreases with increase of temperature and the lubricating oil becomes thinner. If the viscosity of an oil falls rapidly as the temperature is raised, it has a low viscosity index. On the other hand, if viscosity of an oil is only slightly affected by raising the temperature its viscosity index is high.

Temperature kept for each lubricating oil = 400C Time of flow for a lubricating oil is in seconds.

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CALCULATIONS Time of flow for a petrol = 23 Seconds Time of flow for a Kerosene oil = 26 Seconds Time of flow for a diesel = 30 Seconds Time of flow for a Coconut oil = 2 minutes 6 Seconds = 126 Seconds Time of flow for a Mustard Oil = 2 minutes 48 Seconds = 168 Seconds

Sr. No.

Lubricating oil

Time of flow (In Seconds)

1.

Petrol

23 Sec.

2.

Kerosene oil

26 Sec.

3.

Diesel

30 Sec.

4.

Coconut oil

126 Sec.

5.

Mustard oil

168 Sec.

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RESULT Viscosity of various lubricating oil samples is as follows: Petrol

=

23 Sec.

Kerosene oil

=

26 Sec.

Diesel

=

30 Sec.

Coconut oil

=

126 Sec.

Mustard oil

=

168 Sec.

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CONCLUSION It is concluded that mustard oil is more viscous than coconut oil. Coconut oil is more viscous than diesel. Diesel is more viscous than Kerosene oil. Kerosene oil is more viscous than petrol.

Viscous Nature of Lubricating oil Mustard oil > Coconut Oil > Diesel > Kerosene oil > Petrol

In other words, petrol has greater mobility as compared to kerosene oil. Kerosene oil has more mobility than diesel. Diesel has greater mobility than coconut oil. Coconut has greater mobility than mustard oil. Hence, Petrol has greatest mobility but least viscosity.

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