Direction For Animation

Q1) What is horizon line and Vanishing point. Horizon line is the virtual /hypothetical line which joins the sky and the ground. When sketching objects in perspective, horizon line represents the eye level of the viewer. Vanishing point is also a virtual point/ hypothetical point which exist on the horizon line. All objects in perspective, appear to converge to a point where they appear shrink to a point from which they are no longer visible as objects can only be represented by a dot. Thus vanishing point is based on the horizon line is taken as the main reference for sketching objects in perspective. The different perspective lines extending from the vanishing point are helpful in perspective sketching. There can be more than 1 vanishing points but there can be only one horizon line. Q2) What is space vs subject. The space vs subject is a technique where the storyboard artist or the Director focuses on the camera angles by just concentrating on the bg or space and ignoring the character or subject. Rearranging the element of bg and subject helps in setting different types of mood and continuation when setting up a sequence. Q3 Recent trends in perspective rendering? Initially all outdoor shoot were shot in the studio but now days all outdoor shoot are shot outdoor only, in real life locations. For shooting a wide angle perspective shot of the room, where the perspective of the room is dependent on the size of the room and not on the design of the room. In these cases trying out longer lens is a good advice. To create a fake perspective, we can move the camera through the windows, doors and foreground objects.

Q4 What do you understand by First person, third person, and omniscient point of view. First person point of view, we see through the eyes of the character. Third person point of view: we can see through the eyes of the observer watching the character. Omniscient point of view: to show omniscient point of view , we have to know what the characters are thinking. This requires some type of narration, voiceover or graphics.

Q5 What are the levels of identification? There are degrees of identification of any shot, by placing the camera a little closer to the subjects line of sight in a close-up(cu) of shot ( and not directly on the sight of line of the subject) we are able to set up a closer relationship with the subject. The closer the line of sight of a subject in a close-up shot to the camera the greater degree of viewer identification. Q6 Two ways of viewer involvement and identification. 1) Graphic Graphic control explains our identification with the subject with the help of Staging and composition. Graphical controls how the subject is composed in the frame. 2) Narrative Narrative sets up our identification with the subject using many strategies, but those are mainly limited to editing. Q7 what do you understand by script writing? What are the elements which enhance script writing? A script is a complete full detail report of the screenplay; it contains all information about dialogues and type of shot. Methods of improving script writing are: 1) Memory and research The film maker in this process keeps scrapbook of different images for different scenes in the script. The images provide the reference for shot, scene and storyline & concept. 2) Connections : This process involves the index card layout. Rows of card each representing scene in a story are displayed on the bulletin board. 3) Sound and music : sometime listening to music / sound may setup a mood in creating a script. 4) A visual sketchbook : Q8 what is preproduction: write all detail including script analysis? For every project it is necessary to have some relevant knowledge, information and resource to begin with, this part is called preproduction Script writing Production design Script Analyses Cinematography Rehearsal Q9) What do you understand by shot size, how shots are used in movies.

Shot size is all about framing the character Close up, when we want to focus on someone expression and feeling we use close-ups. Medium Shot, medium shot is a combination of close up and full shot but this shot is also tight on frame and able captures the subjects gestures and body language and like close up the feelings and expression of the subject. Full shot : In a Full shot he body is visible from Head to toe. Diagram Q 10) what is line of action? Line of action is a imaginary line which passes through the center of the scene and defines where the action is taking place. Page 129 line of action second paragraph Q) 11 what is triangle system of camera placement? Page 131 diagram 132 diagram Q12 what would be the working space of camera when character crosses the line of action. Page 135 diagram figure 6.13 Q13 what do you understand by alternative workspaces?? Shot by shot page 137 diagram 6.16 part 1 part 2 part 3 These are the available workspaces when the subject crosses the line of action. Q 14

what are cutaways and bridge shots. ?

Sometimes we want to cross the line of action and none of the strategies are of any use, in these conditions we can use cutaways and bridge shots Example: We want to cross the line of action in a classroom; none of the techniques are of use, in this case, We can show a close up of student’s notebook and next shot we can show camera from a different point of view. Q15) how to cross the line of action while being on the line of action? We take the front and back views of the subject, which helps the viewer to differentiate the shots.

Q16 what do you understand by Q/A pattern Q/A pattern also known as question answer pattern is helpful in shot continuation. In Q/A pattern every shot provides a Question to which the next shot provides the answer. This pattern also contributes to the storyline and helps in setting up curiosity. Example Pg No. 148 Example No. 1 and 2 Q17) what do you understand by camera cutting and coverage ? A fully developed storyboard can show the director, cinematographer all the shots he needs for his scene. If the director shoot exactly what is on the storyboard even the length of the shot can be estimated. After this the director only has to trim the shots here and there to them all fit neatly together and make a movie. This process is called camera cutting. Coverage: The director who donot go strictly on the storyboard for shot composition may setup triangle system for camera and setup multiple cameras on different positions, for choosing his right camera shot. Q18) what do you understand by cutting on movement clearing the frame ? In this technique the subject is first allowed to exit the frame, after that the shot is cut. This technique may be used with multiple cameras on the subject.