Digital Camera

Digital Camera

by: Mr. Ro bin Cabug -os Mr. C harle s Nicola s Martine z

Digital Camera A digital camera is an electronic device used to capture and store photographs electronically in a digital format, instead of using photographic film like conventional cameras, or recording images in an analog format to magnetic tape like many video cameras. Modern compact digital cameras are typically multifunctional, with some devices capable of recording sound and/or video as well as photographs. A camera consists of some kind of enclosed hollow, with an opening or aperture at one end for light to enter, and a recording or viewing surface for capturing the light at the other end.

Objectives

• To know the purpose of this technology • To know the advantages of digital camera • To know the disadvantages of digital camera

I.

Classification 1.1. Video cameras 1.2. Digital single lens reflex cameras 1.3. Digital range finders 1.4. Professional modular digital camera systems

VI. History 2.1. Early development 2.2. The arrival of true digital cameras

IX. Methods of image capture X. Storage 4.1. Memory cards

Video cameras Video cameras are classified as devices whose main purpose is to record moving images. • Professional video cameras such as those used in television and movie production. These typically have multiple image sensors (one per color) to enhance resolution and color gamut. Professional video cameras usually do not have a built-in VCR or microphone. • Camcorders used by amateurs. They generally include a microphone to record sound, and feature a small liquid crystal display to watch the video during taping and playback. • Webcams are digital cameras attached to computers, used for video conferencing or other purposes. Webcams can capture full-motion video as well, and some models include microphones or zoom ability.

Digital single lens reflex cameras Digital single lens reflex cameras (DSLRs) are digital cameras based on film Single lens reflex cameras (SLRs), both types are characterized by the existence of a mirror and reflex system.

Digital range finders A rangefinder camera is a camera fitted with a rangefinder: a range-finding focusing mechanism allowing the photographer to judge the focusing distance and take photographs that will be in focus. Most varieties of rangefinder show two images that when coincident give the proper focus distance.

Professional modular digital camera This category includes very high end professional equipment that that can be assembled from modular components (winders, grips, lenses, etc.) to suit particular purposes. Common makes include Hasselblad and Mamiya. They were developed for medium or large format film sizes, as these captured greater detail and could be enlarged more than 35mm. Typically these cameras are used in studios for commercial production; being bulky and awkward to carry they are rarely used in action or nature photography. They can often be converted into either film or digital use by changing out the back part of the unit, hence the use of terms such as a "digital back" or "film back."

History Early development The concept of digitizing images on scanners, and the concept of digitizing video signals, predate the concept of making still pictures by digitizing signals from an array of discrete sensor elements. Eugene F. Lally of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory published the first description of how to produce still photos in a digital domain using a mosaic photosensor. The purpose was to provide onboard navigation information to astronauts during missions to planets. The mosaic array periodically recorded still photos of star and planet locations during transit and when approaching a planet provided additional stadiametric information for orbiting and landing guidance. The concept included camera design elements foreshadowing the first digital camera.

The arrival of true digital cameras The first true digital camera that recorded images as a computerized file was likely the Fuji DS1P of 1988, which recorded to a 16 MB internal memory card that used a battery to keep the data in memory. This camera was never marketed in the United States. The move to digital formats was helped by the formation of the first JPEG and MPEG standards in 1988, which allowed image and video files to be compressed for storage.

Methods of image capture The first method is often called single-shot, in reference to the number of times the camera's sensor is exposed to the light passing through the camera lens. The second method is referred to as multi-shot because the sensor is exposed to the image in a sequence of three or more openings of the lens aperture The third method is called scanning because the sensor moves across the focal plane much like the sensor of a desktop scanner. Their linear or tri-linear sensors utilize only a single line of photosensors, or three lines for the three colors.

Storage Digital cameras need memory to store data. A wide variety of storage media has been used. These include: Onboard flash memory – Cheap cameras and cameras secondary to the device's main use (such as a camera phone).

3.5" floppy disks – Mainly the Sony Mavica line of the late 1990s.

Video Floppy – A 2x2 inch (50 mm × 50 mm) floppy disk used for early analog cameras.

PCMCIA hard drives – Early professional cameras, discontinued.

CD single or DVD – a 185 MB small form factor CD, most commonly seen in the Sony CD-1000.

Memory cards Compact Flash cards/ Microdrives – Typically higher end professional cameras. The microdrives are actual hard drives in the CompactFlash form factor. MiniSD Card – A smaller (slightly less than half-size) card used in devices such as camera phones. MicroSD Card – A smaller yet (less than a quarter size) version of the SD card. Used in camera phones. FP Memory – A 2-4 MB serial flash memory, known from the Mustek/Relisys Dimera low end cameras.

Advantages of digital camera • • • • •

Easy to use Can be deleted and saved Clear images are formed Can be connected to the computer Result can be seen immediately

Disadvantages of digital camera • Expensive device • Batteries are so expensive • A film camera does not require a computer to download images • Battery life is short if you use the LCD screen and if the battery is in low price

Thank you for listening Hope you enjoy Have a nice day And God bless us all