Development Of Eco Efficient Water Infrasturcture In Myanmar

Development of Eco Efficient Water Infrastructure in Myanmar

U Win San Deputy Director Water Resources Utilization Department Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation

UNION OF MYANMAR 1

•Costal line:2276 km •Land area:167.18 millionhectors •Population:56.52 million •Projection for 2015 :63.4 million •Growth rate:2.02 % •State & Division:14

2

Country Economy • • • •

An agro-based country Agricultural Sector – 43% of GDP Export earning – 15% of total The Labour force ( 63%)

3

Land Utilization in Myanmar • • • • • •

Net sown area Fallow Land Cultivable Waste Land Reserved forests Other forests Others Total

28.12 m ac 0.73 m ac 14.76 m ac 40.68 m ac 41.97 m ac 40.92 m ac 167.18 m ac

4

Geological Map of Myanmar

5

6

Water Resources Potential In Myanmar -Surface water potential : 1082 Km3 / yr (708 million acre feet) -Groundwater potential : 495 Km3 / yr (324 million acre feet)

(28.31 from Alluvium & Irrawaddian Aquifer)

Total: 1577 Km3 / yr (1032 million acre feet)

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Provision of Sufficient Irrigation Water in Myanmar • Total Sown Area • Irrigated Area • percent

31(m ac) 6(m ac) 17.8%

At present, only about 6% of the total water resources of 870 m ac ft per annum are being utilized annually.

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STATE STATE AND AND DIVISION DIVISION -- WISE WISE IRRIGATION IRRIGATION WORKS WORKS IN IN DIFFERENT DIFFERENT ERA ERA (( II D D ))

NO.

STATE & DIVISION

BETWEEN ANCIENT MYANMAR KINGDOM AND 1962

BETWEEN 1962 AND 1988

NO.

BENEFITIAL AREA (ACRE)

NO.

BETWEEN 1988 AND 2008 (END OF SEPTEMBER)

BENEFITIAL AREA (ACRE)

NO.

TOTAL

BENEFITIAL AREA (ACRE)

NO.

BENEFITIAL AREA (ACRE)

1.

KACHIN STATE

-

-

3

23837

-

-

3

23837

2.

KAYAR STATE

2

3240

5

28361

2

3150

9

34751

3.

KAYIN STATE

-

-

6

5723

1

100+DRINKING WATER

7

5823

4.

CHIN STATE

-

-

-

-

1

500

1

500

5.

SAGAING DIVISION

6

381065

2

3500

23

375444

31

760009

6.

TANINTHAYI

-

-

-

-

1

TOWN WATER

1

TOWN WATER

10

14384

6

107489

46

885470

62

1007343

7

162634

4

21458

41

299433

52

483525

38

288251

23

234480

52

394769

113

917500

DIVISION 7.

BAGO DIVISION

8.

MAGWAY DIVISION

9.

MANDALAY DIVISION

+DRINKING WATER

+DRINKING WATER

10.

MON STATE

2

800

1

557

11

113800

14

115157

11.

RAKHINE STATE

-

-

2

60 +

5

5450 +

7

5510 +

TOWN WATER

TOWN WATER

TOWN WATER

12.

YANGON DIVISION

-

-

-

-

18

289395

18

289395

13.

SHAN STATE

-

-

17

57450

5

114443

22

171893

14.

AYEYAWADY

4

2910

-

-

9

297421

13

300331

69

853284

69

482915

215

2779375

353

DIVISION

9 TOTAL

4115574

Irrigation Projects(WRUD) project Pump Irrigation from Rivers - Electric- pumping - Diesel-pumping Under Ground Water for Agriculture - Tube Wells - 99 Ponds(Natural Flow) - Group Electric-pumping

Number BeneficiakArea(ac) 305 117 188 8136 7578 417 141

463518 342960 120558 119275 91468 8181 19626

• Rural water supply is effective to 13.9 million out of 39.27 million rural populace. • Apart from the construction of dams and weirs, establishment of 305 river pump stations and 7578 of tube wells were made for rural water supply and Agricultural use.

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Groundwater Resources Development in Myanmar (A)Domestic water supply (From 1952-53 to 2005-06) Deep Tube Wells

14342

Shallow Tube Wells

23509

Population served

14782268

Pipe Water Reticulation System

31

Population served

125221

Improved Dug Well

172

Population served

31340

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(B) Irrigation water supply (From 1952-53 to 2006-07)

• • • • •

Tube Wells 99 Ponds (Natural Flow) Group Electric Pumping Total Beneficial Area

7578 Nos. 417 Nos. 141 Nos. 8136 Nos. 463518 Acre

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Major Aquifer and Groundwater Potential

-Groundwater potential : 495 Km3 / yr (28.31 from Alluvium & Irrawaddian Aquifer) 13

Groundwater Irrigation Projects in Myanmar No. of Tubewell (a) (b) (c) (d)

Monywa Groundwater Irrigation Project 99- Pond Yinmarbin Artesian Zone Ayartaw Artesian Zone Meikhtila-Thazi Area

141 443 On going On going

Beneficiaries (acre) 19626 8181

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Monywa Groundwater Irrigation Project

Project Area

1 Cusec

2 Cusec

Total

Ring(1)

9

22

31

Ring(2)

12

23

35

Ring(3)

3

33

36

Ring(4)

11

28

39

Total

35

106

141

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99- Pond Artesian Zone Irrigation Project

Location

No. of Pond No. of Tubewells Irrigated Area

Yinmarbin and Salingyi Tsp, Sagaing Division 99 417 8181 Acres

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Water Usage by Different Sector Total Water Usage (million acre feet) SW GW Total • Irrigation 22.68 0.45 23.13 • Domestic 0.82 1.82 2.64 • Industrial 0.14 0.04 0.18 Total 23.64 2.31 25.95

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Groundwater Resources Management in Myanmar • • • • • • • • • • •

Technical Measures for Water Conservation Use of Water-Saving Devices Use of Water-Pricing Policies Reuse of Water Enhancement of Water Supply Efficiency Improvement of Urban Water Supply Efficiency Improvement of Irrigation Efficiency Water Quality Protection and Standards Public Awardness on water use Efficiency and conservation Institutions Law and Administration 19

Major Obstacles / Problems • Institutional Problems • Technical Problems • Sectoral Problems

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Institutional Problems • • • • • • • • • •

Shortage of man power at the grass root level Insufficient supply of inputs Lack of flexibility for more decentralization of authories Absents of well defined faced by users in the implementation of the policies Recovery of the subsidized cost of water supply services Water supply maintenance engineers should be trained Improvement should be made feed back systems by the grass root level empolyees More emphasis should be placed System performance monitoring need to be improved Monitoring of enforcement of law and regulation should be updated and enchanced. 21

Technical Problems • In complete system implementation • Water distribution in the command area is not timely adequate and equitable • Lack of planning and monitoring in water distribution • Maintenance difficulties • Tendency of the water supply agencies to expand the services areas • Collection of water charges or water taxes is minimal and no longer suitable • Timely maintenance cannot be carried out in some cases. • Inadequate co-ordination among the agencies • An overview of the systems performance and maintenance should be made • In adequate treatment facilities 22

Sectoral Problems • Lack of provision and improvement of policy • Lack of motivation by users • Lack of cost sharing by beneficiaries for the operation and maintenance cost • Lack of understanding by the users of government policies • Inadequate educational training and workshop for the users • In adequate abiding of laws and regulations by the users. 23

Recommendation and Conclusion Recommandation • It is imperative to give adequate importance to the water conservation in the development process at the highest levelof the government. • National workshop, particularly at policy making level, should be organized to raise public awareness and promote among all stake-holders • Government should strengthen its institutional, legal and technical capabilities • International organizations should provide assistance to the country • United Nation Organizations and other international organizations should assist member countries in strengthening its own capabilities 24

Conclusion • Water becomes the scarce resource due to the increase of water demand • Attention for equitable and economically efficient utilization and conservation policies could be developed • The competition of water could only become more intense in the future, it would be useful to country to address efficient water user technologies and water conservation measures for the sustainability of its resourses. • It is the national concern to keep the extent resources intact. • Frugal consumption using efficient utilization of water is a prudent technology that should apply extensively in the country. • Chemical fertilizers are unavoidably used extensively for boosting crop production. Stringent laws and regulation should be imposed to handle the risk of industrial effluents and wastewater. 25

Paung Laung Dam and Spill Way

26

Se Daw Gyi Dam

27

Lawkananda River Pumping Station

28

Lawkananda River Pumping Station

29

Overflowing Tubewell in Ayardaw Area

30

Drilling to Meikhtila-Tharzi Area

31

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