Dental Materials

DENTAL MATERIALS •

A science that deals with the study of physical and chemical properties, manipulation, uses and/or application of the various materials in the dental practice

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MANIPULATION – maximize the efficiency of the material

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COMPOSITION – physical or chemical component of a material

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PROPER USES & APPLICATION – correct utilization of a material’s maximum efficiency

BRANCHES OF DENTISTRY ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT •

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RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY o

Science that deals with the prevention and treatment of a lost part of a tooth.

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Deals with the restoration of original function and color of natural teeth

PROSTHODONTICS o

Science that deals with the replacement of function and aesthetics

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3 types

3 TYPES OF MATERIALS •

PREVENTIVE MATERIALS o

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REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE – few teeth are present

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COMPLETE DENTURE – whole arch (may be upper, lower or both)

Silicate, GIC, composites, metallic inlays

Impression materials, casts, waxes

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OBJECTIVES OF THE SUBJECT •

To know the proper usage of dental materials

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To know the physical and chemical properties of dental materials

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To know the proper manipulation of materials in dental profession

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To stimulate further research so we can further improve the quality of the material

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To introduce the students to the materials used in dentistry

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AUXILLARY MATERIALS o

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FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE – replacement of a single tooth or a segment of teeth

Sealants, liners, bases

RESTORATIVE MATERIALS o

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To bridge the gap between the knowledge from chemistry, physics, etc. with dental materials To provide certain criteria on selection of facts and propaganda

ORTHODONTICS o

Science that studies the prevention and treatment of malocclusion

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Space maintainers

TERMINOLOGIES:

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STRESS o

Internal force between the body which tends to protect the body from the outside force

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The force per unit area in a body which resists an external force

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Classified according to direction:

GOAL OF DENTISTRY •

Maintain or improve the quality of life of dental patients by preventing disease, relieving pain, improving mastication efficiency, enhancing speech and improving the general appearance of patients

*All substances are poisonous. The correct dosage differentiates poisons from remedies.

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COMPRESSIVE STRESS – a force under a load that tends to shorten or flatten the body

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TENSILE – force that can resist elongation or stretching of body

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SHEAR – force that can resist a twisting motion: sliding of one portion of a body over another

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STRAIN o

Kind of force which is usually a deformation due to stress

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A change in dimension

ELASTIC LIMIT o

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Being difficult to break

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energy required to fracture a material

BRITTLENESS

The ability of a material to withstand permanent deformation under a tensile load without rupture

MALLEABILITY o

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The fracture of a material at or near its proportional limit

DUCTILITY o

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Maximum force required to fracture a body

TOUGHNESS

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Amount of energy absorbed by a structure when it is stressed not to exceed its proportional limit

STRENGTH o

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Ability of the material to be twisted or contoured in any desired form without breaking

RESILIENCE/SPRINGINESS o

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The greatest stress to which a material can be subjected to such that it will return to its original dimension when the force are released

FLEXIBILITY o

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COMPLEX – combination of compressive, tensile and shear

Under a compressive load

HARDNESS o

Property of a material to resist scratching or indentation

Rosette Go 111108 